NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths

Chapter 4 - Complex Number and Quadratic Equations

Exercise 4.1

 3 
1. Express the given complex number in the form a + ib :  5i   - i 
 5 

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number

 5i   
3  3
i   5   i  i
 5  5

 5i   
3 
i   3i 2 i 2  1
 5 

 5i   
3 
i  3
 5 

We get the final answer

2. Express the given complex number in the form a + ib : i9 + i19

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number

i9  i19  i 421  i 443

i9  i19   i 4  .i   i 4  .i3
2 4
i 4  1,i3  1

i9  i19  0

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 1

We get the final answer

3. Express the given complex number in the form a + ib : i -39

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number

i 39  i( 49)3

i 39   i 4  .i 3
9

i 39  1 .i 3
9
i 4  1

1 1 i i
i 39    2   i3  i,i 2  1
i 3
i i 1

i 39  i
We get the final answer

4. Express the given complex number in the for a  ib : 3  7  i7   i  7  i7 

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number

3 7  i7   i  7  i7   21  21i  7i  7i 2

3  7  i7   i  7  i7   21  28i  7i 2 i 2  1

3 7  i7   i  7  i7   14  28i

We get the final answer

5. Express the given complex number in the form a + ib :  1 - i  -  -1 + 6i 

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 2

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number

1  i    1  6i   1  i  1  i6
1  i    1  6i   2  7i
We get the final answer

6. Express the given complex number in the form

1 2  5
a + ib :  + i  -  4 + i 
5 5  2

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number

1 2  5 1 2 5
 +i -4 +i  = +i - 4-i
5 5  2 5 5 2

1 2  5  19  21
 i  4i    i
5 5  2 5  10 

1 2  5  19 21
 i  4i    i
5 5  2 5 10

We get the final answer

7. Express the given complex number in the form

 1 7  1   4 
a + ib :  + i  +  4 + i  -  - + i  
 3 3  3   3 

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 3

 1 7   1   4  1 7 1 4
 3  i 3    4  i 3     3  i    3  i 3  4  i 3  3  i
     

 1 7   1   4   1 4 7 1 
  3  i 3    4  i 3     3  i     3  4  3   i  3  3  1
         

 1 7   1   4   17 5
 
 3 3 i    4  i      i    i
   3   3  3 3

We get the final answer

8. Express the given complex number in the form a + ib :  1 - i 

4

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number

1  i 
2
 1  i 2  2i 
4

1  i   1  1  2i 
4 2

1  i    2i    2i 
4

1  i   4
4

We get the final answer

3
1 
9. Express the given complex number in the form a + ib :  + 3i 
3 

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number
3 3
1  1 3 1 
  3i       3i   3i   3i 
3

3  3 3 3 

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 4

 3
1  1 1 
  3i     27i   3i   3i 
3  27 3 

 242
3
1
  3i    26i
3  27

We get the final answer

3
 1 
10. Express the given complex number in the form a + ib :  -2 - i 
 3 

And evaluate
Ans: Evaluate the complex number
3 3
 1  3 1 
 2  i    1  2  i 
 3   3 

 1 
3
 3  i 3 i i 
 2  i     2     6  2   
 3    3  3  3 

3
 1  22 107
 2  i     i
 3  3 27

We get the final answer

11. Find the multiplicative inverse of the complex number 4 - 3i

And evaluate
Ans: Let z  4  3i

Then,

z  4  3i & z  42   3  16  9  25
2

Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of 4  3i is given by

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 5

 z 4  3i 4 3
z 1  2
   i
z 25 25 25

Here we got final answer

12. Find the multiplicative inverse of the complex number 5 + 3i

And evaluate

Ans: Let z  5  3i

Then,

z  5  3i and | z |2  ( 5) 2  32  5  9  14

Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of 5  3i is given by

z 5  3i 5 3i
z 1  2
  
|z| 14 14 14

Here we got final answer

13. Find the multiplicative inverse of the complex number -i

And evaluate
Ans: Let z  i

Then,

z = i and | z |2 = 12 = 1

Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of -i is given by

z i
z -1 = 2
= =i
|z| 1

Here we got final answer

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 6

14. Express the following expression in the form of a + ib

 3 + i 5  3 - i 5 
 3 + i 2 - 3 - i 2
Evaluate
Ans: The following expression

(3 + i 5)(3 - i 5) (3) 2 - (i 5) 2
=
( 3 + 2i) - ( 3 - i 2) 3 + 2i - 3 + 2i

(3 + i 5)(3 - i 5) 9 - 5i 2
=
( 3 + 2i) - ( 3 - i 2) 2 2i
(3 + i 5)(3 - i 5) 9 - 5  -1
=
( 3 + 2i) - ( 3 - i 2) 2 2i
(3 + i 5)(3 - i 5) -7 2i
=
( 3 + 2i) - ( 3 - i 2) 2

Here we got final answer

Let rcosθ = -1 and rsinθ = - 3

Squaring and adding

(rcosθ)2 + (rsinθ)2 = (-1)2 + (- 3)2

r 2  cos 2θ + sin 2θ  = 1+ 3

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 7

Ans: Expression
3
 18  1 25   4×4+2 1 
3

 i +    = i + 4×6+1 
    
i i 

3
 4 
= i  × i +
 4 2 1 

  i  × i 
4 6

3
 1
i 4 = 1
= i 2 + 
 i
3
 1 i
i 2 = -1
= -1+ × 
 i i
3
 i
= -1+ 2 
 i 

= [-1- i]3
= (-1)3[1 + i]3

= - 13 + i3 + 3×1× i(1+ i) 

= - 1+ i3 + 3i + 3i 2 
= -[1- i + 3i - 3]
= -[-2 + 2i]
= 2 - 2i
The expression is evaluated

2. For any two complex numbers z1 and z 2 , prove that

Re  z1z 2  = Rez1Rez 2 - Imz1Imz 2

Ans: Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z 2 = x 2 + iy2

z1z 2 =  x1 + iy1  x 2 + iy 2 

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 19

= x1  x 2 + iy2  + iy1  x 2 + iy 2 

= x1x 2 + ix1y 2 + iy1x 2 + i 2 y1y 2

= x1x 2 + ix1y 2 + iy1x 2 - y1y 2

=  x1x 2 - y1y 2  + i  x1y 2 + y1x 2 
Re  z1z 2  = x1x 2 - y1y 2
Re  z1z 2  = Rez1Rez 2 - Imz1Imz 2

Hence, proved

 1 2  3 - 4i 
3. Reduce  -   to the standard form
 1 - 4i 1 + i  5 + i 

Ans: Expression

 1 2  3 - 4i   (1+ i) - 2(1- 4i)   3 - 4i 

 -  = 
 1- 4i 1+ i  5 + i   (1- 4i)(1+ i)   5 + i 
 1+ i - 2 + 8i   3 - 4i   -1+ 9i   3 - 4i 
= =
1+ i - 4i - 4i   5 + i   5 - 3i   5 + i 
2

 -3 + 4i + 27i - 36i 2  33 + 31i 33 + 31i

= 2 
= =
 25 + 5i -15i - 3i  28 -10i 2(14 - 5i)

(33 + 31i) (14 + 5i)

= × [On multiplying numerator and denominator by(14 + 5i)]
2(14 - 5i) (14 + 5i)
462 +165i + 434i +155i 2 307 + 599i
= =
2 (14)2 - (5i) 2  2 196 - 25i 2 

307 + 599i 307 + 599i 307 599i

= = = +
2(221) 442 442 442

This is the required standard form

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 20

 a - ib
  a2 + b2
2
4. If x - iy = prove that x2 + y 2 = 2
c - id c + d2
Ans: Expression

a - ib
x - iy =
c - id
a - ib c + id 
= × [On multiplying numerator and denominator by (c + id) 
c - id c + id 
(ac + bd) + i(ad - bc)
=
c2 + d 2

(ac + bd) + i(ad - bc)

(x - iy) 2 =
c2 + d 2
(ac + bd) + i(ad - bc)
x 2 - y 2 - 2ixy =
c2 + d 2
On comparing

ac + bd ad - bc
x 2 - y2 = ,-2xy = …...(1)
c2 + d 2 c2 + d 2
x + y 2  =  x 2 - y 2  + 4x 2 y 2
2 2 2

2
 ac + bd   ad - bc 
= 2 2 
+ 2 2 
 c +d  c +d 
a 2c 2 + b 2d 2 + 2acbd + a 2d 2 + b 2c 2 - 2adbc
=
 c2 + d 2 
2

a 2 c 2 + b 2d 2 + a 2d 2 + b 2c 2
=
c + d2 
2 2

a 2  c2 + d 2  + b2  c2 + d 2 
=
c + d  2 2 2

=
 c + d  a + b 
2 2 2 2

c + d 2 2 2

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 21

-b ± D -(-28) ± -56 28 ± 56i
= =
2a 2× 21 42
28 ± 2 14i 2 14
= = ± i
42 3 21
Hence Proved

z1 + z 2 + 1
5. Ifz = 2 - i,z = 1 + i Find
z1 - z 2 + 1

Evaluate
Ans: Complex numbers

z1 = 2 - i,z 2 =1+ i

z1 + z 2 +1 (2 - i) + (1+ i) +1
=
z1 - z 2 +1 (2 - i) - (1+ i) +1

4 4
= =
2 - 2i 2(1- i)

2 1+ i 2(1 + i)
= × = 2 2
1- i 1 + i 1 - i 

2(1+ i)
= i 2 = -1
1+1

2(1+ i)
=
2

=|1+ i |= 12 +12 = 2

z1 + z 2 +1
Thus, the value of is 2
z1 - z 2 +1

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 26

  x 2 + 1
2
(x + i)2 2 2
11.
6. If a + ib = Prove that a + b =
 2x2 + 1
2
2x2 + 1

Ans: Expression

(x + i)2
a + ib =
2x 2 +1

x 2 + i 2 + 2xi
=
2x 2 +1
x 2 -1+ i2x
=
2x 2 +1
x 2 -1  2x 
= 2 + i 2 
2x +1  2x +1 

On comparing
2
 x 2 -1   2x 
2
2 2
a +b = 2  + 2 
 2x +1   2x +1 
x 4 +1- 2x 2 + 4x 2
=
(2x +1) 2
x 4 +1 + 2x 2
=
 2x +1 2 2

 x +1
2 2

=
 2x +1
2 2

 x +1 2 2
2 2
a +b =
 2x +1 2 2

Hence, proved

12.
7. Let z1 = 2 - i,z 2 = -2 + i Find

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 27

 z z 
Re  1 2 
 z1 
 1 
Im  
 z1 z1 

Ans: Complex numbers

z1 = 2 - i,z 2 = -2 + i
z1z 2 = (2 - i)(-2 + i) = -4 + 2i + 2i - i 2 = -4 + 4i - (-1) = -3 + 4i
z1 = 2 + i

z1z 2 -3 + 4i
=
z1 2+i

On multiplying numerator and denominator by  2  i  , we obtain

z1z 2 (-3 + 4i)(2 - i) -6 + 3i + 8i - 4i 2 -6 +11i - 4(-1)

= = =
z1 (2 + i)(2 - i) 22 +12 22 +12
-2 +11i -2 11
= = + i
5 5 5
On comparing real parts, we obtain

 z z  -2
Re  1 2  =
 z1  5
1 1 1 1
= = 2 2
=
z1 z1 (2 - i)(2 + i) (2) + (1) 5

On comparing imaginary parts, we obtain

 1 
Im  =0
 z1 z1 

Hence, solved

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 28

 1 + 2i
8. Find the modulus and argument of the complex number
1 - 3i
Evaluate

1+ 2i
Ans: Let z = , then
1- 3i

1+ 2i 1+ 3i 1+ 3i + 2i + 6i 2 1+ 5i + 6(-1)
z= × = =
1- 3i 1+ 3i 12 + 32 1+ 9
-5 + 5i -5 5i -1 1
= = + = + i
10 10 10 2 2
Let z = rcosθ + irsinθ

-1 1
i.e., rcosθ = and rsinθ =
2 2
On squaring and adding, we obtain

1
r=
2

π 3π
θ= π- =
4 4
[As θ lies in the II quadrant]

1
Therefore, the modulus and argument of the given complex number are and
2
3π
respectively
4

9 Find the real numbers x & y if  x - iy  3 + 5i  is the conjugate of -6 - 24i

14.

Ans: Let z =  x - iy  3 + 5i 

z = 3x + 5xi - 3yi - 5yi 2 = 3x + 5xi - 3yi + 5y = (3x + 5y) + i(5x - 3y)

z = (3x + 5y) - i(5x - 3y)

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 29

It is given that, z = -6 - 24i
(3x + 5y) - i(5x - 3y) = -6 - 24i

Equating real and imaginary parts, we obtain

3x + 5y = -6 ……..(i)
5x - 3y = 24……...(ii)

On solving we will get

3(3) + 5y = -6
5y = -6 - 9 = -15
y = -3

Thus, the values of x and y are 3 and - 3 respectively

1+ i 1- i
10. Find the modulus of - Evaluate
1- i 1+ i
Ans: Expression

1+ i 1- i (1+ i) 2 - (1- i) 2
- =
1- i 1+ i (1- i)(1+ i)
1+ i 2 + 2i -1- i 2 + 2i
=
12 +12
4i
= = 2i
2
1+ i 1- i
- =| 2i |= 22 = 2
1- i 1+ i

Here we get the answer

+ = 4  x2 - y 2 
u v
11. Find the modulus of (x + iy) = u + iv Than show that
x y

Ans: (x + iy)3 = u + iv

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 30

 Þx 3 + (iy)3 + 3× x × iy(x + iy) = u + iv
Þx 3 + i3 y3 + 3x 2 yi + 3xy 2i 2 = u + iv
Þx 3 - iy3 + 3x 2 yi - 3xy 2 = u + iv
Þ  x 3 - 3xy 2  + i  3x 2 y - y3  = u + iv

On equating real and imaginary

u = x 3 - 3xy 2 , v = 3x 2 y - y3
u v x 3 - 3xy 2 3x 2 y - y3
+ = +
x y x y
x  x 2 - 3y 2  y  3x 2 - y 2 
= +
x y
= x 2 - 3y 2 + 3x 2 - y 2
= 4x 2 - 4y 2
= 4  x 2 - y2 

+ = 4  x 2 - y2 
u v
x y

Hence, proved

β-α
12. If α and β are different complex numbers with β = 1 , then find =1
1 - αβ

Ans: Let α = a + ib & β = x + iy

It is given that, β = 1

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 31

 x 2 + y2 = 1
β - α (x + iy) - (a + ib)
Þx 2 + y 2 = 1…….. =
1- α 1- (a - ib)(x + iy)
(x - a) + i(y - b)
=
1- (ax + aiy - ibx + by)
(x - a) + i(y - b)
=
(1- ax - by) + i(bx - ay)

(x - a) + i(y - b)
=
(1- ax - by) + i(bx - ay)

(x - a) 2 + (y - b) 2
=
(1- ax - by) 2 + (bx - ay) 2
x 2 + a 2 - 2ax + y 2 + b 2 - 2by
=
1 + a 2 x 2 + b 2 y 2 - 2ax + 2abxy - 2by + b 2 x 2 + a 2 y 2 - 2abxy

=
 x + y  + a + b - 2ax - 2by
2 2 2 2

1 + a  x + y  + b  y + x  - 2ax - 2by
2 2 2 2 2 2

β-α
=1
1- αβ

13. Find the number of non-zero integral solutions of the equation 1 - i = 2x

Ans: Equation

|1- i |x = 2 x

 
x
12 + (-1) 2 = 2x

( 2) x = 2 x
2x/2 = 2x

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 32

x
=x
2
x = 2x
x=0
Thus, 0 is the only integral solution of the given equation. Therefore, the number
of nonzero integral solutions of the given equation is 0 .

14. If (a + ib)(c + id)(e + if)(g + ih) = A + iB Then show that

a 2
+ b 2  c2 + d 2  e 2 + f 2  g 2 + h 2  = A 2 + B 2

Ans: Expression
(a + ib)(c + id)(e + if)(g + ih) = A + iB
| (a + ib)(c + id)(e + if)(g + ih) |=| A + iB |
| (a + ib) |× | (c + id) |× | (e + if) |× | (g + ih) |=| A + iB | Q  z1z 2 = z1 z 2 

a 2 + b 2 × c2 + d 2 × e 2 + f 2 × g 2 + h 2 = A 2 + B2

By squaring

a 2
+ b 2  c 2 + d 2  e 2 + f 2  g 2 + h 2  = A 2 + B2

Hence, proved

m
1+i 
15. If   =1
 1- i 

Then find the least positive integral value of m

m
1+ i 
Ans:   =1
 1- i 

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 33

 m
1+ i 1+ i 
 ×  =1
 1- i 1 + i 
m
 (1 + i) 2 
 2 2  =1
 1 +1 
m
 12 + i 2 + 2i 
  =1
 2 
m
 1-1+ 2i 
  =1
 2 
m
 2i 
  =1
2
im = 1
i m = i 4k
m = 4k , where k is some integer
Therefore, the least positive is one

Thus, the least positive integral value of m is 4 =  4×1

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 34