DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 1.

5 KVA INVERTER

CHAPTER ONE

1.1. INTRODUCTION

As of date, majority of the inverters in the market make use of the Pulse Width Modulation

(PWM) technology and this type of inverters are superior in many ways unlike traditional

technology based inverter. A PWM based inverter makes use of MOSFET at the output unit

and they are also known as PWM MOSFET inverters. These PWM MOSFET inverters are

containing series of protection circuits which are to protect the inverter, battery, loads at the

inverter output and the user from series of fault conditions. Mentioning some of the

protection circuits used in the inverter system are:

 Battery charging current sensing circuit

 Battery voltage sensing circuit

 AC maims sensing circuit

 Soft-start circuit

 Low battery cut circuit

 Change over circuit

 Overload protection or shutdown circuit

 PWM section to regulate the output supply

Aside from the protection circuits mentioned abovee, there are some other sections contained

in the PWM MOSFETS Inverter.

 Battery charging section

 Oscillator section
  Driver sectiin

 Output section

1.2. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

This is a completely programmed PWM innovation based inverter, which gives awesome

execution. PWM or Pulse Width Modulation is essentially used to keep the AC supply yield

by the inverter to a consistent 220V. In a standard inverter, the inverter yield changes with

any adjustment of the worth of Barnes, Malcolm (2003). the heap associated at the inverter

yield. To take care of this issue the PWM-based inverter rectifies the result esteem in light of

the worth of the heap associated at the inverter yield attachment. In the PWM inverter, this is

finished by changing the width of the exchanging recurrence created by the oscillator. In a

PWM-based inverter, the AC supply at the inverter yield relies upon the width of the

oscillator recurrence created by the oscillator segment.

In this inverter, a little piece of the inverter yield is given as reference voltage to the PWM

regulator 1C. In view of this reference voltage, the PWM segment will increment "or

diminish the width of the wavering heartbeat created by the oscillator area. This adjustment

of the width will make up for any adjustment of the inverter yield, and the inverter result will

continuously remain steady, regardless of whether there is any adjustment of the heap at the

inverter yield. Whenever the inverter comes into AC mains mode, from the battery off mode,

for example At the point when the AC mains return after a power cut, the battery charging

doesn't begin right away. It begins after a deferral of around 8-10 seconds. - This is done to

safeguard the MOSFET at the result area. Assuming the charging is begun instantaneousness,

when the AC mains return, the MOSFET at the result area will get high current and could get

harmed. James, Hahn (2009)

Subsequently, to safeguard the MOSFET at the result, the battery charging is postponed for

8-10 seconds after the AC mains return. This is known as Soft-Start or Mains Delay. This

part advises about the accessibility regarding the AC primary inventory to the inverter circuit.

Whenever the battery voltage decreases from 12V to 10V, the battery is viewed as released.

At the point when the battery becomes released, the inverter ought to be turned off, any other

way, the battery will dive into Deep Discharge State and the battery duration will get

diminished.

1.3. AIMS /OBJECTIVES

The major objective this project is actually aiming at is to design and construct a 1.5KVa

inverter and its usefulness to the masses which requires some other objectives to be put in

place in order to accomplish this project work are as listed in the subsection below

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective considered for this study so as to achive the aim of this project are to

1. Design and construct an electrical system that can convert D.C output from a battery to

A.C whose capacity is 1.5KVa.

2. Also assist the student in exposing him/her to be able to build electrical or electronic

circuits.

3. Assits the student in understanding the basic and working principle of an inverter and its

relevance environments.

4. Introducing the principle of circuit analysis to the student.

1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The inverter works noiselessly. Inverters provided a completely automatic switch-over

function. When the mains supply fails the inverter immediately switches the output to its

internal battery and when the mains supply returns the inverter shuts down its operation and

provides the mains AC supply at its output. The inverter does not require any special starting

process and the switching of output from mains to inverter and inverter to mains is done

automatically. The inverter does not require any special starting process and the switching of

output from mains to inverter and inverter to mains is done automatically. The inverter works

on a battery that works noiselessly without producing any ‘smell or other harmful emissions

etc. As the inverter is an electrical device it does not require any special maintenance. Only

the battery used with the inverter will require some routine service such as topping it with

distilled water once in 15-20 days.

1.5. SCOPE/LIMITATION

Every design has its scope and limitation. In this study (Pulse Width Modulated inverter) it

scopes depend on the inverter rating and a design which is the capacity. The inverters depend

on the direct current from the battery of which if the current in the battery is been exhausted

the inverter will stop automatically. How long the power supply of the inverter will last also

depend on the battery. The inverter also needs a power supply from the main power source to

be able to charge the battery when its currency has been exhausted. The limitations of this

works are:

1. Inferol battery in the market

2. Inferol component in the market

3. Main power fluctuation

4. Main power supply interruption

 REFERENCES

• The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition, IEEE Press, 2000,

ISBN 0-7381-2601-2, page 588

• Barnes, Malcolm (2003). Practical variable speed drives and power electronics. Oxford:

Newnes. p. 97. ISBN 0080473911.

• James, Hahn (2009). “Modified Sine-Wave Inverter Enhanced”. Power Electronics.