The St Thomas the Apostle College

M1. (a) (i) (insulate it) with fibre glass or foam

or felt or polystyrene beads or
rockwool or (aluminium) foil
an example must be included
do not credit loft insulation
1

(ii) fill the cavity with fibre glass or foam

or mineral wool or polystyrene or
named liner inside wall or making
walls thicker
an example must be included
do not credit cavity wall insulation
1

(iii) double glaze or draw the curtains or

blinds or thicker glass or secondary
glazing described
do not credit fit smaller windows
1

(iv) put in draught excluder (or described)

or strip or description of filling gaps
or seal gaps or double glazed doors
or build porch or curtains inside door
or mat under door
do not credit just carpet
accept buy new doors
accept premise that gap is between frame and wall as well
as between frame and door
1

(b) windy or stormy or wet or snow or

rain or sleet or hail or fog or mist
do not credit frosty
1
[5]

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M2. (a) (i) 7pm

accept 19.00 / 1900
1

(ii) 8pm
accept 20.00 / 2000
1

temperature drops more slowly

accept heat for temperature accept line is less steep
1

(b) insulator
1

conduction *
1

convection *
* answers can be either way around
1

(c) (i) 4 (years)

1

(ii) it is the cheapest / cheaper / cheap

do not accept answers in terms of heat rising or DIY
1

has the shortest / shorter payback time

do not accept short payback time
1
[9]

M3. (a) because black is a good absorber of radiation

1

there will be a faster transfer of energy

allow the temperature of the water rises faster
1

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(b) 16 800 000

allow 1 mark for substitution into correct equation
ie 100 × 4200 × 40
2

(c) 7 allow
ecf from part (b)
1

(d) Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the

Quality of Written Communication (QWC) as well as the
standard of the scientific response.

No relevant content.
0 marks

There is a brief description of the advantages and disadvantages

of using solar energy to heat the water rather than using an
electric immersion heater, including either advantages or
disadvantages from the examples below.
Level 1 (1-2 marks)

There is a description of some of the advantages and

disadvantages of using solar energy to heat the water
rather than using an electric immersion heater, with at
least one advantage and one disadvantage from the
examples below.
Level 2 (3-4 marks)

There is a clear, balanced and detailed description of the

advantages and disadvantages of using solar energy to
heat the water rather than using an electric immersion
heater, with a minimum of two advantages and two
disadvantages from the examples below.
Level 3 (5-6 marks)

examples of the points made in the response

advantages
accept specific examples of polluting gases

• a renewable energy source

• energy is free

• does not pollute the atmosphere

• no fuel is burnt

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 The St Thomas the Apostle College
• energy can be stored (in the water)

disadvantages
accept unreliable energy source

• only available in daylight hours

• availability fluctuates

• insufficient hours of sunlight in some countries

• average low intensity in some countries

[11]

M4. (a) insulation

allow example e.g fibreglass
1

double glazing
allow curtains
1

draught excluder
allow double glazing / close fitting door
allow turning down thermostat once only / turn down the
heating
1

(b) transfers more useful energy

allow converts more energy into light / less into heat / less
energy wasted
1
[4]

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M5. (a) (i) 20

1

(ii) convection
1

(iii) fit draughtproof strips

1
accept lay carpet
accept fit curtains
accept close doors / windows / curtains
accept any reasonable suggestion for reducing a draught
‘double glazing’ alone is insufficient

(b) air is (a good) insulator

1

or air is a poor conductor

accept air cavity / ‘it’ for air

reducing heat transfer by conduction

accept stops for reduces
ignore convection
do not accept radiation
do not accept answers in terms of heat being trapped
1

(c) (i) most cost effective

accept it is cheaper or lowest cost
accept shortest payback time
accept in terms of reducing heat loss by the largest amount
do not accept it is easier
ignore most heat is lost through the roof
1

(ii) 4
1
[7]

M6.(a) (i) any two from:

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• mass (of block)
accept weight for mass
• starting temperature
• final / increase in temperature
temperature is insufficient
• voltage / p.d.
same power supply insufficient
• power (supplied to each block)
• type / thickness of insulation
same insulation insufficient
2

(ii) one of variables is categoric

or
(type of) material is categoric
accept the data is categoric
accept a description of categoric
do not accept temp rise is categoric
1

(iii) concrete
reason only scores if concrete chosen
1

(heater on for) longest / longer time

a long time or quoting a time is insufficient
do not accept it is the highest bar
1

(iv) 4500 (J)

allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie
2 × 450 × 5 provided no subsequent step shown
2

(b) (i) point at 10 minutes identified

1

(ii) line through all points except anomalous

line must go from at least first to last point

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1

(iii) 20 (°C)
if 20°C is given, award the mark.
If an answer other than 20°C is given, look at the graph. If
the graph shows a correct extrapolation of the candidate’s
best-fit line and the intercept value has been correctly stated,
allow 1 mark.
1

(iv) 2 (minutes)
1
[11]

M7.(a) 20 790 (J)

an answer of 21 000 (J) (2 s.f.) gains 2 marks
allow 1 mark for correct
substitution:
ie E = 0.33 × 4200 × 15 provided no subsequent step shown
2

(b) temperature
1

(c) (top pan) balance

accept scales
do not accept a scale
do not accept weighing scales
do not accept newtonmeter
do not accept spring balance
1

(d) dark / black / (dark) grey

1

convection
correct order only
1

(e) (i) created

accept made
1

(ii) increases
1

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 The St Thomas the Apostle College
[8]

M8. accept atoms / particles for ions throughout

(a metal has) free electrons

accept mobile for free
1

(kinetic) energy of (free) electrons increases

accept energy of ions increases
accept ions vibrate with a bigger amplitude
accept ions vibrate more
do not accept electrons vibrate more
1

(free) electrons move faster

1
or

electrons move through metal

accept electrons collide with other electrons / ions

(so) electrons transfer energy to other electrons / ions

accept ions transfer energy to neighbouring ions
1
[4]

M9. (a) (i) The volume of boiling water.

1

(ii) any one from:

• (more) precise
do not accept better (reading)

• accurate

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• reliable
do not accept thermometer is unreliable

• removes human / reading error

accept easier to read
accept take temperature more frequently
1

(b) B
marks are for the explanation

temperature falls faster

this mark point cannot score if A chosen
1

because black is a better / good emitter

ignore reference to better absorber
accept for both marks an answer in terms of why A is the
white can
1

(c) (i) faster than

1

(ii) darker / black surfaces absorb heat faster

accept black is a better / good absorber
dark surfaces attract heat negates this mark
1

(iii) air is a bad / poor conductororair is a good insulator

accept air is an insulator
1
[7]

M10. (a) (i) conduction

1

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(ii) free / mobile electrons gain (kinetic) energy

accept free / mobile electrons move faster
1

free electrons collide with other (free) electrons / ions / atoms / particles
an answer in terms of atoms / particles gaining (kinetic)
energy (and) colliding with / vibrating and passing energy to
other atoms / particles gains 1 mark only
answers in terms of heat particles negate
1

(iii) convection
1

(b) (i)this mark only scores if a correct pair is chosen and a correct reason given

A and C
both required and none other
orB and D
both required and none other

only one (independent) variableordifferent shapes but the same colour

accept only the shape changes
1

(ii) B radiates heat faster

converse answer in terms of A gains full marks
1

orB is a better emitter (of heat)

but B has a smaller (surface) areaorB has a smaller (surface) area: volume
ratio
allow 2 marks for both lose the same quantity / amount of
heat in the same time
or both have same rate of heat loss
allow 1 mark for both lose the same quantity / amount of
heat
1

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(iii) any one from:

• transfer a lot of heat (too rapidly)

• water temperature drops too rapidly

accept (significantly) more heat will be lost from the first
radiator

• water too cold for the next radiator

mention of absorption of heat negates mark
1
[8]

M11. (a) (i) 25 (%)

do not accept ¼
1

(ii) increases
1

(b) tick ( ) in top and bottom box

both required
1

(c) SHINY surfaces are good reflectors of infra-red radiation

accept white for shiny

or black surfaces are POOR reflectors of infra-red radiation

accept bad for poor
accept insertion of ‘not’ before ‘good’ in statement

or black surfaces are good EMITTERS of infra-red radiation

or black surfaces are good ABSORBERS of infra red radiation

1
[4]

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M12. (i) D, C or B, in either order, then A

tick or cross on the A
1

(ii) matt absorbs energy (better than shiny)

the converse arguments are acceptable
1

black absorbs energy (better than white)

1
[3]

M13.(a) energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 °C

accept heat for energy
1

unit mass / 1 kg
1

(b) (i) 7 140 000 (J)

allow 2 marks for a correct substitution, ie
E = 20 × 420 × 850
provided no subsequent step
850 gains 1 mark if no other mark awarded
3

(ii) particles in the air have more (kinetic) energy than the particles in the
steel
allow particles in the air have a greater speed.
1

steel
particles vibrate (about fixed positions)
1

air
particles move freely
1

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(ii) the most energetic particles

accept molecules for particles throughout
accept the fastest particles
1

have enough energy to escape from (the surface of) the water
1

therefore the mean energy of the remaining particles decreases

accept speed for energy
1

as energy decreased, temperature has decreased

1
[12]

M14.(a) dark matt

1

light shiny
1

(b) B A C
1

biggest temperature difference (80 °C)

dependent on first mark
1

(c) (i) (the can that is) dark matt

1

best absorber (of infrared radiation)

1

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(ii) any three from:

• same area / shape of can

• surrounding temperature is the same for all cans
• same surface underneath cans
• same position in the room
3

(d) fox A

smaller ears
1

thicker fur
1

these minimise energy transfer

dependent on first 2 marks
1
[12]

M15. (a) (heat) is conducted through the glass

the answers must be within the context of the question
1

(heat) passes through glass and air by radiation

both glass and air required
1

(heat) crosses the air gap by convection

mention of conduction through air is neutral
1

(b) any one from

light
accept sunlight

gamma rays

X-rays

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radio
accept sound or ir or microwaves or electromagnet waves
1

(c) any two from

cuts down convection currents

accept stops air moving

air pockets trap air (from moving)

accept has air pockets
do not accept stops heat moving or traps heat

foam is a poor conductor

air in the foam is a good insulator
accept air is a good insulator in air pockets for both marks
2

(d) evaporation (of the water)

do not accept rain is cold
1

takes energy from the house

accept takes heat away or higher energy molecules leave
first
1
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