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Languages training center
Program of first level
Lesson one (1): greetings
We distinguish to kinds of greetings:
Formal greetings and
Informal greetings
Note: formal greetings are greetings which can be used to greet old
persons and informal greetings are those which can‟t be used to old
persons.

1. Formal greetings
Here are some formal greetings:
 Good morning from 00:00‟ to 11:59‟
 Good afternoon from 12:00 to 16:59‟
 Good evening from 17:00‟ to 23:59‟
 Hello from 00:00‟ to 00:OO‟
2. Informal greetings
Here are some informal greetings
 Hey
 Hi
 Bow
 Howdy
Questions about the health
Formal way: how are you?
Informal ways:
 How is it?
 How is it going?
 How goes it?
 How do you make it?
 How are you getting on?
 How have you been?
 How are you going?
 How are you doing?
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 How jumps monkey?

 How‟s life been treating you?
 How is your health?
 Are you fine?
Answers:
a. For good health
 I‟m fine thank you
 I‟m very well thanks
 I‟m so cool
 I‟m in good shape
 I‟m going well
 I‟m doing well thanks
 My health is going well
 Great
 I‟m nice/ cool
 As you spot me
B. In half good
 I‟m fifty-fifty
 I‟m so –so
 I‟m a bit fine
 I‟m a little bit fine
 I‟m up and down
 I‟m more or less fine
 No more than you
 I‟m pretty cool
C. for poor health
 I‟m sick
 I‟m ill
 I‟m feeling bad
 I‟m very ill
 I‟m not well
D. Replies
 How are you?
 And you?
 Yourself?
 What about you?
E. Farewells
 Good bye………………………………………bye-bye
 bye bye……………………………………..…..bye-bye
 See you…………………………………………ok see you
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 Tata……………………………………………..Tata
 See you next time……………………………….ok see you
 See you later…………………………………….ok see you
 Let‟s meet……………………………………….Thank you
 Have a good time………………………………..Thanks you too
 Meet you…………………………………………meet you

Time line
Afternoon
Noon

Morning

mun

Evening night
Some wishes
Good night
Have a good night
Have a good day

Conversation one: Now or later

Gentle Spirit and Steady Eddie
S: Hello Gentle Spirit, where are you going?
G: I‟m going to the store. I need to buy something
S: I need to go to the store too
G: would you like with me?
S: Yeah, let‟s go together
S: Would you like to go now or later?
G: Now
S: what?
G: Now would be better
S: ok, let‟s go
G: should we walk?
S: No, it‟s too far let‟s drive
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Lesson two (2): Articles

1. Def.: a part or segment of something joined to other
Parts, or, in combination, forming a structured
Set.
3. Sorts
We distinguish two kinds of articles
Definite article and
Indefinite articles
A. Definite article
The definite article is the one that is placed before a definite noun. We have only
one definite article which is „„THE”.
„„THE‟‟ is pronounced / de/ before a consonant sound or an aspirate H.
E.g.1: the corkscrew The table
The one The color
The thing The man,….
E.g.2: The hospital, The hotel, The horse,….
„„THE‟‟ is pronounced / di/ before a vowel sound or an silent H.
E.g.1: The animal The article The artist
The allowance The orange The other
E.g.2: The honest man
Note: we say: The University, The union, The unity,
The united nation
OMISSION OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
The article THE can be omitted before:
 Names of meal.
E.g. : the cassava leaves= cassava leaves, I eat the rice= I eat rice
 Names of street or avenue.
E.g.: I leave on Lola street or Lola avenue
 Names of countries.
E.g.: I leave in Congo
 Names of persons.
E.g.: I see Ben
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 Names materials.
E.g.: wood and glass are used to make windows.
Some other grammar structure
1. The article THE can be pronounced / di/ before a consonant sound to
mean this last is the best.
E.g.: the teacher /di ti:tche:/: to mean a best teacher
The doctor /di dacte:r/ a best doctor
2. The article THE can or not be used before plural nouns.
E.g.: an animal = animals
The animal = the animals
E.g.: a teacher = teachers
The teacher = the teachers
3. The article THE can in other contexts be used before names of
people.
E.g.: Call the John with whom we talked yesterday.
E.g.: I was talking with the Ben whose the phone was lost.
4. The article THE can be used before the names of countries: eg; The
democratic Republic of Congo
Eg: The united states of America

B. Indefinite articles
There are two kinds of indefinite articles:
A
 AN
“A” is used before singular nouns starting by consonant sounds or an
aspirate H.
Eg: a car a teacher a father a liar
Eg: a house a hospital a horse
“AN” is used before singular nouns starting by vowel sounds or silent H.
E.g.: An artist An animal An arm An article
E.g.: An honest man

Some other uses:

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Indefinite articles can be used:

-In some predicative showing the profession:
E.g.: a teacher a doctor a director
-In some exclamations: what a pity, what a shame.
-In certain numerical expressions:
E.g.: A couple A double a hundred a million
We say: a use
A university
A union

Lesson three (3): PLURAL OF NOUNS

A. GENDER
We have in English:

 Masculine gender : represented by man, father, brother, son, sir,

mister,….
 Feminine gender: represented by women, wife, girl, daughter,
mother,…..
 Common gender : represented by the profession: teacher, doctor,
singer, stiller,…
 Neuter gender : Represented by things: desk, chair,
computer,…..
Note: a young baby or a fetus are considered as a thing.
1. General rule:
We make the plural of nouns by adding s at the and of the noun.
Eg: -Pen………………………………………Pens
-Car……………………………………….Cars
-Computer……………….................Computers
-Book……………………........................Books
2. Particular cases:
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A. Words ending in O, SS, CH, SH,

When a word is ending in o, ss ,ch or sh, we add es for making its plural.
Eg: mango……………………………………Mangoes
Class ……………………………………….Classes
Mass ………………………….....................Masses
Church …………………………………..Churches
Finish ……………………………………..Finishes
Cash………………………………………...Cashes
Match……………………………………...Matches
B. Words ending in y
B.1. Preceded by a consonant sound
When a word is ending in y preceded by a consonant sound, to making its
plural, we first drop y and replace by I plus es. Y=ies
E.g.: baby……………………………………..…Babies
Lady……………………………………….Ladies
Daddy……………………………………Daddies
City ………………………………………..Cities
Party……………………………………….Parties
Candy…………………………………….Candies
B.2. Preceded by a vowel sound
When a word is ending in y preceded by a vowel sound, we only add s for
making the plural.
Eg: play ..................................................................Plays
Pay………………………………………...…..Pays
Say ………………………………………...….Says

Words ending in O preceded by a vowel sound

We add only s at the end.

E.g.: bamboo…………………………………..Bamboos
Woo ……………………………………...…Woos
Plural without s but with en
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E.g.: child……………………………………….Children
Ox………………………………………….Oxen
Plural by the change of some letters
E.g.: Man………………………………………………….Men
Woman…………………………………………..Women
Foot………………………………………………….Feet
Goose ……………………………………………...Geese
Tooth ………………………………………………Teeth

Some exceptions:
 Photo………………………………………...Photos
 Archipelago ………………………..…Archipelagos
 Arpeggio…………………………………Arpeggios
Note: Plural of nouns is sometimes changing the meaning of words.
For example:
 Horse……………………………………………………..Horses
Cavalerie Chevaux
 People…………………………………………………….Poeple
Des gens des peuples
 Care……………………………………………………….Cares
Le soin des soucis
 Compass…………………………………………………...Compasses
Boussol Compat
 Paint…………………………………………………………Paints
Douleur effort
 Custom………………………………………………………Customs
Coutume duane

Lesson four: Possessive case

The sign of possessive case is („s) in singular and in plural we often put s
when the does not have s but when it has s we only put the apostrophe.

E.g.: a. Singular
The doll of Ben…………………………….Ben‟s doll
The car of Sam……………………………..Sam‟s car
The center of Mr. Ben……………………...Mr. Ben‟s center
You took the computer of Biton……………You took Biton‟s computer
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b. Plural
The toys of those mothers………………..Those mothers‟ toys
The house of these pastors………………..These pastors‟ house
I lost the copybook of students……………I lost students‟ copybook
He uses the phones of his sisters…………….He uses his sisters‟ phone
Other cases :
E.g.: I didn‟t take mine but I took Sam‟s
He didn‟t break his but Ben‟s
You could not eat hers only God‟s;…..

Lesson five: The family relationship

The family can have:
 The father (dad; daddy, papa,…)
 The mother (mammy, mom, mum,…)
 The children:
 Sons (boys)
 Daughters (girls)
 Brothers
 Sisters
 Held brothers (old brothers)
 Held sisters (old sisters)
 Kid sisters ( young sisters)
 Step brothers
 Step sisters
 Son in low
 Daughter in low
 Brother in low
 Sister in low
 Father in low
 mother in low
 Uncle
 Ant
 Nephew
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 Niece
 Cousin
 Grand mother
 Grand father
 Grand pa
 Grand mother, granny
 Grand parents
 Motherly uncle
 Motherly ant
 Fatherly uncle
 Fatherly ant
Other vocabulary
 Eldest
 Youngest
 The younger

The monologue: let me talk about my family

Ladies and gentlemen, dear brothers and sisters hello!
My name is steady Eddie but my official name is Ben Kambungu Steady Eddie,
I‟ve gotten a long family here in Kinshasa with more than 15 members
unfortunately some of my grandparents have already died but my parents alive
and I love them so much.
I‟ve got 7 brothers and 5 sisters. It was in brief my family.

Lesson six: Numbers

We have two kinds of numbers:
 Cardinal numbers
 Ordinary numbers
a. Cardinal numbers:
They help us to count, to calculate, to number etc.
Here are some cardinal numbers:
One(1) two(2) three(3) four (4) five (5) six (6) seven (7) eight (8) nine (9)
ten(1O) eleven (11) twelve (12) thirteen (13) fourteen (14) fifteen (15)
sixteen(16) seventeen (17) eighteen ( 18) nineteen (19) twenty (20) twenty-one
(21),… Thirty (30) forty (40) fifty (50) sixty (60) seventy (70) eighty (80)
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Ninety (90) one/a hundred (100) one/a thousand (1OOO) a billion (1OOOOOO)
b. Ordinal numbers:
They help us to order, to class,…
Here they are:
First (1st) second (2nd) third (3rd) forth (4th) fifth (5th),….
Formation:
A ordinal number is formed by adding „„th‟‟ at the end of the cardinal number
except for „„first, second and third.
For cardinal numbers that end in y, we change y by „„ie‟‟ before adding „„th‟‟
e.g.: twenty= twentieth
thirty= thirtieth
forty= fortieth
ninety= ninetieth,…
Observe: the number from 13 to 19 end in teen, and it is the reason why well
call every single person of that period a teenager.
Here are some questions and answers relative to the lesson:
 How many siblings do you have in your family?
 I have 4 siblings: one brothers and three sisters
 How old are you?
 I am 19
 I am 20 years old
 How much money do you have?
 I have 15000fc
 I have $15000
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LESSON SEVEN (7): ARITHMETICS

Here are signs of arithmetic:
 For addition (+) we read „„plus‟‟
 For subtraction (-) we read „„minus‟‟
 For multiplication (*) we read multiplied by
 For division (%) we read divided by
 For fraction (/)
 ½ One second or the half
 1/3 One third
 ¼ one fourth or a quarter
 Percentage (%) we read percent
 For million (%o)
 For result: out of :
 10/20= ten out of twenty
 7/10= seven out of ten
 The square root
 For frequency
 One time or once
 Two times or twice
 Three times or thrice
 Four times, …….
COMMUNICATION
1. What is your name?
My name‟s KAMS
2. How much do you have?
Nothing special
3. How tall are you?
I‟m 14.6 meters
4. How tall is your grand pa?
It is not important to know it I know that he is short.
5. How long is that bus?
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It‟s almost 55 yard long

6. How much do you weight?
I weight 43 kilos
7. How deep is that hole?
It‟s about 9 meters deep
8. What is Mr. Ben’s telephone number?
It’s 0-8-1-8-9-6-4-8-4-1
LESSON EIGHT: TIME
Telling the time
1. Tools to tell the time:
 A watch
 A clock
 A timepiece
2. A clock
In a watch or a clock, there are three hands that help us to
know the time:
 The first one is the short hand or hour hand
 The second hand is the long or the minute hand
 And the last hand is the one of second
3. Questions to know the time:
 What is the time?
 What time is it?
 Can you please tell me the time?
 In what angle are we now?
 What time do you have there?
4. Answers:
 It is 1:10‟ it is ten minutes past one
 It‟s 10:15‟ It is a quarter past ten
 It is 5:30‟ it is thirty past five or half past five
 It is 4: 15‟ it is a quarter to five
 It is 6: 50‟ It is ten minutes to seven
To precise the angle, we use PM and AM.
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AM is used to precise the morning and PM is used for the evening.

E.g.: 6:10 AM means ten minutes past six.
6:10 PM means ten minutes past eighteen
Note: Americans tell the as long as in French.
Some other answers:
 Can you tell me the time?
 I‟m sorry, my watch is broken down
 Sorry, my watch is slow
 Sorry, watch is fast
 Sorry, is not working well they must fix it by the repair
man

LESSON NINE: THE WEATHER

The atmospheric time is the time shown to us by the atmosphere,
which is represented by the climate and in short we can call it the
weather.
So, question can be asked: what‟s the weather like?
We can answer:
It‟s sunny
It‟s raining
It‟s cloudy
It‟s snowing
It‟s hot
It‟s warm
It‟s cool
It‟s cold
It‟s very cold.
The weather is terrible
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Talking about seasons: each country and each continent has got its
climates or seasons but the season is different with weather because ut
is only seen during certain period.
In Europe, we have four seasons which are:
Spring
Winter
Autumn
Summer
In Africa we just have 2 seasons for our country DRC but we
can find other countries in Africa having more than two seasons.
We have in Congo:
Dry season and
Rainy season

LESSON TEN: THE CALENDAR

A calendar is any system by time is divided into days, weeks, months,
and years.
1. The days of the week
o Monday
o Tuesday
o Wednesday
o Thursday
o Friday
o Saturday
o Sunday
2. the months of the year
o January
o February
o Mach
o April
o May
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o June
o July
o August
o September
o October
o November
o And December

3. Telling the date

o What is the date of today?
 Today is…….(Day,month,year or month, date and year).

LESSON ELEVEN: (11): CLOTHING

A. For men: B. for women:
A hat the earing
A shirt the necklace
A tie the blouse
A jacket the bracelet
A watch the skirt
A belt the stocking
The pants the coat
The sock the glove
The shoe the purse
The glasses the dress
A suit
A rain coat
A umbrella
A brief case
The boot
The mitten
A pull over
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LESSON TWELVE: (12): COLORS

Here are some colors/
1. Red 10. Gold
2. Orange 11. Black
3. Pink 12. Brown
4. Yellow 13. Silver
5. Grey 14. Polka dot
6. Green 15. Stripped
7. White
8. Blue
9. Purple

LESSON THIRTEEN: AT HOME

Here are some parts of house:
1. Bedroom: ( the bed,…)
2. Bathroom:
3. Living room
4. Dining room
5. Kitchen
6. Basement

LESSON FOURTEEN: IDENTIFING PEOPLE AND OBJECT

FOR OBJECT:
-what is this?.........................................................What are these?
 This is a mango…………………...………….These are mangoes
 This is my English center ……..………………These are centers
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 I‟m sorry I don‟t know.

-is this a pen?................................................................Are these pens?
 Yes, it is or no it is not…………yes, they are or no, they are not
-what is that?................................................................what are those?
 It is my car………………………………….…….they my cars.
 It was the candle of my friend
-is that your car?...............................................are those your cars?
 Yes, it is…………………………………Yes, they are
 No, it is not ……………………………...No, they are not
FOR PERSONS:
-who is this?..................................................................Who are these?
 This is Emmanuel Bukasa
 His name is Ben Kambungu
 He is Sam Kibunga
 You can call him Biton Makoka
-will Biton Makoka be the manager?
As you say.