DRIP IRRIGATIONHistory:- Primitive drip irrigation has been used since ancient times. Fan Sheng-Chih Shu, written : century BCE, describes the use of buried, unghzed clay pots filed of ign"! Modem drip inition began ts development create combination irgstion and drainage systems. Research was liter expanded in the 1920s to include the application of perforated pipe systems. The usage of and distrbute water in drip iigation was liter developed in Australia by ‘of a plastic emitter in drip irrigation was developed in Israel by Simcha Blass and his son Yeshayaluu!*! Instead of releasing water through tiny hoks casily blocked by tiny Particles, water was released through larger and longer passageways by using velocity to show water inside a plastic emitter. The fist experimental system of this type was established in 1959 by Bs who partnered biter (1964) withKibbute Hatzcrim{o create an irrigation company called Netafim Together they developed and patented the first practical surface drip irrigation emitter.(21(61 In the United States, the fist drip tape, cals Dew Hose, was developed by Richard Chapin of Chapin Watermntics in the early 1960. Modem drip irrigation hs arguably become the work!’ most valued innovation inagricuture since the invention of the impact sprinkler in the 1930s, which olfred the fist uses permanently or temporarily buried dripperine or drip tape beeated at or below the plant roots. {tis becoming populur for row crop irrigation, especially in areas where water supplies are limited or recycled water is used for irrigation Carefil study of all the relevant factors lke land topography, soil, water, crop and ayro-clanmatic conditions are needed to determine the most suitable drip arigation system and components to be used in a specific installation.What is Drip Irrigation? The drip irrigation is also called as trickle irrigation or localized irrigation. The drip irrigation is a type of irrigation that stores water and also the fertilizer by permitting the water to slowly fall in drops either on the surface of the soil or onto the root field with the help of the equipment like valves, emitters and tubes, pipes. The drip irrigation is done via narrow tubes and these narrow tubes directly supply the water to the plant's base.ADVANTAGES: Fertiaer and nutrient loss is minimized due to localized application and reduced eaching, Waiter application efficiency is high if managed correctly Fick! kevelling is not necessary. Fiekls with aregubr shapes are easily accommodated. Recycled non-potable water can be safely used. Moisture within the root zone can be maintained at fickl capacity. Soll type plays kes important role in frequency of irigation. Soll erosion and Soil salinity is lessened. Weed growth is lessened. Water distribution is highly uniform, controlled by output of each nozzc, Labour cost is less than other irigation methods, Variation in supply can be regulated by regulating the vahes and drippers. Fertigation can easily be inckated with minimal waste of fertilizers. Foliage remnins dry, reducing the risk of disease, Usually operated at lower pressure than other types of pressurised irrigation, reducing energy costs,DISADVANTAGES: Initial cost can be more than ovethead systems, The stm can afféet the mbes used for drip ization, shortening their usable ie. (This article does not inche a discussion of the effects of degrading plastic on the soil content and subsequent effect on food crops. With many types of plastic, when the sun degrades the plastic, causing it 10 become brittle, the estrogenic chemicals (that is, chemicals replicating female hormones) which woukl cause the plastic w retain flexbilty have been released into the surrounding environment. )”! If the water is not property fitered and the equipment not properly maintained, it can result in clogging. For subsurfice drip the irigor cannot see the water that is applied, This my kad to the farmer cither applying too much water (low efficiency) or an insufficient amount of water, his & paricularly common for those with less experience with drip irigation. Drip irigition might be unsatisficiory if herbicides or top dressed fertiliers need sprinkler irigation for activation. Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs affer harvest. Users need to phin for drip tape Winding, disposal, recycling or reuse, ‘Waste of water, time and harvest, if not installed properly. These systems require carefil study of all the relevant factors like land topography, soil water, crop and agro-climatic conditions, and suitability of drip arigation system and ies components, In lighter soi subsurfice drip my be unable to wet the soil surface for germination. Requires carefill consideration of the installation depth, most drip systems are designed for high efficiency, meaning litle or no leaching faction. Without sufficient leaching salts applied with the irrigation water may bul up in the Foot zone, usually at the edge of the wetting pattem. On the other hand, drip irrigation avoids the high capillry potential of traditional surface-applicd tigation, which can draw sak deposits up from deposits below. the PVC pipes often suffer from rodent damage, requiring replacement of the entire tube and increasing expenses. Drip irigition systems camot be used for damage control by night frosts (Ike in the case of sprinkler irigation systems)———_=——_—_ Why is the need of it + Tose water efficiently + No water torunoff or evaporation + Trreduces water contact with erop leaves, stems, and fruits. Agricultural chemicals ean be applied more efficiently! 2, % 4 5. 6. Components and operation: |. Water Source - Pumping system Distribution system |. Drip tape (drip tube) Injectors Filtration system10. DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM ‘TROUBLESHOOTING if Leakage of water: ged joints Correct damages jpint between subs mai and lateral 2. Leakage i Damage of poly tube by Block the holes by Goof, farming activitievrat plug. Use poly joiners at cuts. 3 ‘Water upto Holes in laterals. Cuts in Close the holes and cuts. laterals. Remove the bends. Bents in laterals. 4 coming of white More salinity in water. Remove the end stop. ixture on removing the — Uncleauied Iateral ‘Clean the Taterals plug fortnightly flow orover flow Clogging of drippers. Clean the sand and rm laterals Unclosed end plug screen filters Close the end cap 6 ily gum material comes More algae or ferrous Clean the laterals with ‘out on opening the lateral material in water ‘water or give chemical end treatment 7. Oily gum material comes More algae or ferrous Clewn the laterals with ‘out on opeting the Lateral material in water ‘water or give chemical end treatment 8 More pressure drop in Accumulation of dirt in Clean filters every week. filters ers Back wash the filters for every 5 minutes daily. 9, Pressure gauge not Rain water entry inside. Provide plastic working Corrosion in gauge and fix pointes pointer damage 10, Drop in pressure Leakage in main opened Arrest t a ‘outlet, Low water level close the in well ee to 11 More pressure at the No bypass in the ss before entry of sand filter Pipeline/bypass not filler and regulate opened. Displacement of re, Place filter filter element. element properly. Fill extra required quantity of sand filters 12. Accumulation of sand —_Displacer t Place filter element and debris in screen filter eles ity properly. Fill required ers quantity of sand pressure on Bypass extra water to during chemical filters Improper fitting reduce pressure Repair treatment and fet rentury assembly the ventury assembly. 14. Leakage of wat maged air release Replace the damaged air release = valve ring. fing a~ ‘Ventury not workin,Methods of Irrigation: The three common methods of drip irrigation are as follows: « Surface irrigation methods » Sprinkler irrigation methods » Sub-surface irrigation methods.CONCLUSION:- Drip irgation is used in farms, commercial greenhouses, and residential gardeners. Drip iigation 's adopted extensively in areas of acute water scarcity and especially for crops and trees such 28 cocomuts, containerized landscape trees, grapes, bananms, pandcy. egyplantcinus, strawberries, sugarcane, cotton, maiz, and potatoes. Drip irrigation for garden avaible in drip kits are increasingly popular for the homeowner and consist of a timer, hose and emitter, Hoses that are 4mm in diameter are wed to inigate fower pots