BIO 112 (INTRODUCTORY ECOLOGY)

1... Ecology is an interdisciplinary field that includes____ and _____

A.. Zoology and Earth science

B...Botany and Soil science

C.. Biology and Earth science

D..Forestry and Earth science

2.The word ecology comes from the Greek word which means

A..study of life

B..study of the habitat

C..study of the territory

D..study of the household

3...The _____ taxon happens to be the only one where true population exist

A..Kingdom

B..Class

C..Order

D..Species

4...Species are group of organisms that are

A.. similar genetically but different morphologically

B..similar morphologically but different genetically

C.. Different genetically and different morphologically

D.. similar genetically and similar morphologically

5...The amount of water that comes from fresh water biomes on Earth is

A..7%

B..5%

C..3%

D..1%

6...______ is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment

relative to it's abundance

A..Bedrock

B.. Keystone

C..Critical

D..Optimus

7..._______ is calculated as the total number of individuals of a particular species

divided by the total land area or water volume

A... Population growth

B... Population Density

C.. Population Frequency

D..Mortality curve

8...There is no difference between high population density and overpopulation

TRUE/FALSE

9..._________ us an assemblage of different populations of different species

interacting with one another

A...Habitat

B.. Ecosystem

C.. Environment

D.. Community
10...Species interact in each of the following ways except

A.. Mutualism

B.. Competition

C..Predation

D..Commensalism

11....In _____ both species lose in the interaction

A.. Mutualism

B.. Competition

C..Predation

D..Commensalism

12...A community of living organisms in conjunction with the non living

component of their environment is

A...Habitat

B.. Ecosystem

C.. Environment

D.. Niche

13...______ refers to the physical and biological factors, along with their chemical
interaction that affect an organism or group of organisms

A...Habitat

B.. Ecosystem

C.. Environment

D.. Niche

14...The natural dwelling place of living organisms is called

A...Habitat

B.. Ecosystem

C.. Environment

D.. Community
15..._______ is the sum of the habitat requirements and behaviors that allow a
species to persist and produce offspring

A...Habitat

B.. Ecosystem

C.. Environment

D.. Niche

16....The Atmosphere is more likely to be retained if

A..Gravity is low , atmospheric temperature is high

B... Gravity is high , atmospheric temperature is low

C.. Gravity is low , atmospheric temperature is low

D.. Gravity is high, atmospheric temperature is high

17...The atmosphere of the planet earth is mostly composed of which of the

following gases

A.. Oxygen

B..Nitrogen

C..Hydrogen

D..Carbon dioxide

18...The percentage of Oxygen in the atmosphere is

A..11%

B..78%

C..21%

D..0.03%

19...______ is termed as the zone of life on earth

A.. Atmosphere

B.. Hydrosphere

C.. Lithosphere

D... Biosphere
20....Green plants occupy the trophic level_____

A..4

B..3

C..2

D..1

21...The energy that powers the ecosystem is derived from

A..Sun

B..Green plants

C..Ocean

D..Decomposers

22....There are how many basic types of population

A...9

B..8

C..7

D..6

23...Concerts,Airports,Railroads are major sources of ______ pollution

A..Soil

B..Water

C..Noise

D.. Radioactive

24... Which of the following types of pollution is rare but extremely harmful

A..Soil

B...Light

C..Noise

D.. Radioactive

25.... Billboards and advertising could be a source of _____ pollution

A..Soil

B...Light

C..Noise

D.. Radioactive

26...The process of encapsulating high level of radioactive waste is

A.. Ammonification

B.. Nitrification

C.. Eutrophication

D... Vitrification

27....The increase in concentration as pollutant passes along a food chain is

A..Biodegradation

B.. Biodegradability

C.. Biomagnification

D.. Bioaccumulation

28...The absorption and storage of pollutants in the tissue of organisms is

A..Biodegradation

B.. Biodegradability

C.. Biomagnification

D.. Bioaccumulation

29....The ease with which material is broken down by living organisms usually
bacteria is

A..Biodegradation

B.. Biodegradability

C.. Biomagnification

D.. Bioaccumulation

30...The unit of sound used to measure noise pollution is

A..Hertz

B..Decibel

C.. Intensity

D..Ohms

31.. Which of the following is an agreement to reduce emissions if greenhouse

gases

A..Geneva convention(1979)

B..Montreal Protocol(1987)

C.. Kyoto Protocol(1997)

D.. Mediterranean Action Plan(1975)

32..Which of the following is an agreement to reduce emissions of ozone

depleting substances

A..Geneva convention(1979)

B..Montreal Protocol(1987)

C.. Kyoto Protocol(1997)

D.. Mediterranean Action Plan(1975)

33...There are how many types of natural resources

A..2

B..3

C..4

D..5

34... International Union For The Conservation Of Nature (IUCN) was founded in
the year

A..1938

B..1948

C...1958

D..1968
35..The destination of a pollutant is called

A..Tank

B..Sink

C..Gutter

D..Alley

36.... Hydroelectric energy is obtained from

A..Wind

B.. Sunlight

C..Water

D..Forest reserves

37... Which of the following is not a renewable resources

A..Wood

B..Coal

C..Water

D..Soil

38..The protection, preservation , management or restoration of natural

environments and the ecological communities that inhabit them is

A.. Conversation

B.. Conservation

C..Continuation

D.. Conjugation

39..Deserts occur in all the continent except

A.. Antarctica

B..Asia

C..Europe

D..South America
40...The world's biomes can be grouped into how many broad categories

A..5

B..4

C..3

D..2

41...All are charge of Tundra biome except

A..Short growing season

B..Low precipitation

C..Poor nutrients

D .Most complex of all terrestrial biomes

42... Arctic Tundra is located on mountains throughout the world at high altitude
where trees cannot grow

TRUE/FALSE

43..All are the unique features of the Alpine region except

A..Absence of permafrost

B..Low atmospheric pressure

C..Low oxygen concentration

D..Lower precipitation than arctic tundra

44...The______ are also termed Borcal forests or Taiga

A..Temperate forests

B.. Chaparral

C..Coniferous forests

D..Temperate deciduous forest

45...All are features of coniferous forests except

A.. Experience great seasonal fluctuations of temperature

B.. Mainly occur as circumpolar belt between 50°N and 60°N in the northern
hemisphere
C..Annual precipitation varies between 40cm and 100cm

D..More fertile than temperate deciduous forest

46....All are features of temperate deciduous forest except

A.. Vertical stratification is well developed

B...Lichen and mosses constitute the shrub layer

C..Trees of this biome are distinguished by broad leaves that are shed annually

D..There are five recognized strata

47.... All are dominant trees of temperate evergreen forest except

A..Oaks

B..Wild Tamarind

C..Gumbo Limbo

D..Castanea

48...All are characteristics of Chaparral vegetation except

A..The vegetation dry out in late summer

B..They are locally called Maquis in Mediterranean region and Mallee scrub in
Australia

C...The vegetation is dominated by drought resistant evergreen small thorny

trees

D..Fire plays an important role in maintaining shrub dominance

E..None Of The Above

49..There are three main divisions of grassland biomes

TRUE/FALSE

50..Sandy soil can hold water better than Silty soil

TRUE/FALSE

51...In Europe and Asia the Temperate grasslands are called

A..Pusztas

B..Pampsa
C..Steppes

D.. Prairie

52...In Hungary the Temperate grasslands are called

A..Pusztas

B..Pampsa

C..Steppes

D.. Prairie

E..The Veld

53...In South America the Temperate grasslands are called

A..Pusztas

B..Pampsa

C..Steppes

D.. Prairie

E..The Veld

54...In South Africa the Temperate grasslands are called

A..Pusztas

B..Pampsa

C..Steppes

D.. Prairie

E..The Veld

55... All are characteristics of grassland biomes except

A..Savannahs are tropical grasslands with scattered trees or shrubs

B..The soil of Savannahs vary according to bedrock and edaphic conditions

C..In North America, temperate grasslands are called plains towards the western
side

D.. Topography is the most important factor in creating a savannah

56..Deserts occupy how many percentage of the land area

A..25%

B..50%

C..15%

D..35%

57...All are fog deserts except

A..Baja California

B.. Western Sahara

C..Atacama

D..Gobi

58..Patagonian desert and Peruvian desert develop under rainshadows of high

mountain ranges

TRUE/FALSE

59...Water covers nearly how many percent of the Earth's surface

A..40%

B..50%

C..60%

D..70%

60...Marine biomes are divided into lentic ecosystem and lotic ecosystem

TRUE/FALSE

61.. Which of the following constitutes the largest amount in sea water

A..Calcium chloride

B..Sodium chloride

C.. Magnesium chloride

D..Iron chloride

62..The pH of sea water is

A..3.0

B..4.5

C..7.0

D..8.2

63...Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities and they
are organisms of inshore brackish water

TRUE/FALSE

64.. Stenohaline organisms are unable to withstand wide variation in salinity of

surrounding water and are organisms of open ocean

TRUE/FALSE

65...The following are examples of lotic ecosystems except

A..Spring

B..Streams

C..Lakes

D..Rivers

66..The average salinity of sea water is

A..25%

B..35%

C..45%

D..55%

67..Mistletoe is an example of carnivorous plant

TRUE/FALSE

68..The world largest rainforest is

A..Amazon

B.. Guinea Congo

C..Daintree

D..Sinharaja
69..The world second largest rainforest is

A..Amazon

B.. Guinea Congo

C..Daintree

D..Sinharaja

70..The ______ is a tropical semi arid climate with dry season mainly during the
cold season , it has low annual rainfall of about 60cm and is characterized by
irregular and short rainy seasons throughout the year

A...Sahel savanna

B..Sudan savannah

C..Guinea savanna

D..Deserts

71...______ is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the
African continent , from the Atlantic ocean in the west to the Ethiopian island in
the east. It is also characterized with the coexistence of trees and grasses

A.. Guinea savanna

B..Sudan savanna

C..Sahel savannah

D..Montane

72..._______ regions is mainly grassland crossed with trees growing alongside

streams with constantly occuring fires keeping back the growth of trees

A...Sudan savanna

B..Sahel savannah

C..Guinea savanna

D..Deserts

73.. Characteristics of which of the following biomes display adaptations such as

rosette structures waxy surfaces and hairy leaves
A..Montane

B.. Rainforest

C..Deserts

D..Guinea savanna

74..______ is a kind of biome that occur where the rainfall is less than 25cm/ year

A..Sudan savanna

B.. Desert

C..Sahel savannah

D..Guinea savanna

75...The most common type of interspecific interaction is

A.. Mutualism

B.. Commensalism

C..Neuralism

D..Parasitism

76...The intensity of interspecific competition is always higher than that of

intraspecific competition

TRUE/FALSE

77...The intensity of interspecific competition is usually reduced through a

phenomenon called.

A... Territory formation

B...Niche

C..None of the above

D..All of the above

78...The intensity of intraspecific competition is usually reduced through a

phenomenon called.

A... Territory formation

B...Niche
C..None of the above

D..All of the above

79..An interaction where one species suffer and the other interacting species
experience no effect is

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C..Amensalism

D..Parasitism

80...Allelopathy is an example of

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C..Amensalism

D.. Mutualism

81... Which of the following relationship is obligate

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C..Amensalism

D.. Mutualism

82...The relationship between roots of higher plants and fungal mycorrhizae is

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C..Amensalism

D.. Mutualism

83...The relationship between flowering plants and their insect pollinators is

symbiotic mutualism

TRUE/FALSE
84..A relationship whereby both organisms benefit from the relationship but the
association isn't obligatory is

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C..Amensalism

D..Synergism

85...The feeding relationship between Remora fish and Shark is

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C..Amensalism

D.. Mutualism

86...The feeding relationship between cattle egret and horse is

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C..Amensalism

D.. Mutualism

87..The feeding relationship between hydra and hermit crab is

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C..Amensalism

D..Synergism

88...Plants that disperse their fruits or seeds by attaching them to the furs or
feathers of animals may be acting as

A..Parasites

B..Symbionts

C..Commensals

D..Amensals
89... Which of the following is similar to predation

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C..Amensalism

D..Parasitism

90...In which of the following relationship is immunity reached between the two
organisms

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C.. Predation

D..Parasitism

91... Phagocytosis in Amoeba is an example of

A.. Neuralism

B.. Commensalism

C.. Predation

D..Parasitism

92... Pollutants are divided into how many categories

A..2

B...3

C..4

D...5

93...Based on the sources , pollution can be classified into

A..2

B...3

C..4

D...5
94... Which of the following is the most effective strategy used in treating
organic garbages

A.. Incineration

B..Dissolution

C..Drying

D..Composting

95.. Eutrophication is caused as a result of

A...Noise pollution

B..Soil pollution

C..Water pollution

D..Thermal pollution

96...Effluents are waste products in solid form

TRUE/FALSE

97... Which of the following is also called resource -oriented sanitation

A.. community led total sanitation

B.. Ecological sanitation

C..Dry sanitation

D.. Environmental sanitation

98... Which of the following is also called decentralized sanitation

A...On site sanitation

B.. Sustainable sanitation

C..Dry sanitation

D.. Ecological sanitation

99.._______ is a system where the treatment of excreta or sewage takes place at

the same place it was generated

A...On site sanitation

B.. Sustainable sanitation

C..Dry sanitation

D.. Ecological sanitation

100..._____ considers the entire sanitation value chain from the experience of the
user , the excreta and waste water collection methods , transportation or
conveyance of waste , treatment and reuse or disposal

A...On site sanitation

B.. Sustainable sanitation

C..Dry sanitation

D.. Ecological sanitation

101...Sewage treatment include the following processes except

A..Physical

B..Biological

C..Chemical

D..Clinical

102...A by product of sewage treatment is called SCUM

TRUE/FALSE

103..When sewage are collected and transported by network of pipes and pump
station to a municipal treatment plant , this is called a ______ system

A.. Decentralized

B..Onsite

C.. Sustainable

D.. Centralized

104... Sewage treatment generally involves how many stages

A..2

B..3

C..4

D..5
105...A group of individuals who live together in the same habitat and are likely
to interbreed is

A.. Community

B..Biome

C.. Population

D.. Ecosystem

106.. The number of primary ecological factors that influence population density
is

A..5

B..4

C..3

D..2

107.. Mortality rate is also known as

A..Birth rate

B.. Immigration rate

C..Death rate

D.. Emigration rate

108..Natality rate is also known as

A..Birth rate

B.. Immigration rate

C..Death rate

D.. Emigration rate

109... Secondary ecological events can be divided into how many broad
categories

A..5

B..4

C..3
D..2

110...The following are factors which affect all individuals equally regardless of
the population density except

A.. Predation

B..Hail storms

C..Wild fires

D... Hurricane

111...The following are density dependent factors except

A..Parasitism

B..Disease

C..Natural Disaster

D.. Predation

112...In______ neither species benefit

A..Competition

B..Commensalism

C .Neutralism

D.. Parasitism

113..In_______ both species are unaffected

A..Competition

B..Commensalism

C .Neutralism

D.. Parasitism

114...In______ one species benefit while the other is unaffected

A..Competition

B..Commensalism

C .Neutralism
D.. Parasitism

115... Which of the following is true as population density approaches carrying

capacity

A.. Competition increases

B.. Mortality increases

C..Natality decreases

D..All Of The Above

116...The life history strategy often called "r–selection" is typically found in

species that shows the following characteristics except

A.. Nocturnal behavior

B..Short life cycle

C..High mobility

D..Small body size

117...Ants and termites are somewhere in the middle of the range with a blend of
r-selected and k-selected characteristics

TRUE/FALSE

118..There are how many components of soil

A..5

B..4

C..3

D..2

119...Most of the water used by plants comes from

A..Dew

B..Hail

C..Rain

D...Soil

120..The more a soil is aerated , the less it can hold water

TRUE/FALSE

121..._______is a process in which large flat or curved sheets of rock fracture and
are detached from the outcrop due to pressure release

A.. Slaking

B... Eutrophication

C..Exfoliation

D.. Carbonation

122.... ________is the process of alternate wetting and drying. Rocks, especially
those containing clays, tend to swell on wetting, with subsequent contraction on
drying. When water enters the pores of a rock, the rock dilates creating tensile
stresses and generating tension cracks

A.. Slaking

B... Eutrophication

C..Exfoliation

D.. Carbonation

123..Which of these is not a type of soil?

A. Sand

B. Granite

C. Loam

D. Clay

E. Sandy loam

124....The origin of mineral particles in the soil is

A. humus

B. water

C. micro-organisms

D. weathered rock

125...Soil with the finest particles is called

A. silt

B. clay

C. sand

D. humus

126...Which group of plants would be the first colonizers in an ecological

succession changing rocks to soil?

A. Mosses

B. Ferns

C. Lichens

D. Grasses

127...In a soil sample, the relative amouunts of the different soil particles can best
be determined by the process of

A. filtration

B. centrifugation

C. precipitation

D. sedimentation

128...The type of interaction between lizard and elephant living in the forest is

A..Ammensalism

B.. Synergism

C.. Neutralism

D.. Commensalism

129...Soil micro-organisms are beneficial because of their involvement in

A. photosynthesis

B. translocation

C. cycling of nutrients

D. respiration using soil air

130...A soil consisting of alumina and iron (II)oxide is known as

A. loamy soil

B. clayey soil

C. laterite

D. podzol

131...The soil type that will be most difficult to plough in a wet season is one that
is

A. loamy

B. clayey

C. sandy

D. silty

132..The soil type that contain nutrients which are not readily available for plants
is

A. alluvial

B. clayey

C. sandy

D. loamy

133...The increasing order of the particle size in following soil type is

A. clay ? sand ? silt ?gravel

B. silt ? sand ? clay ? gravel

C. clay ? silt ? sand ? gravel

D. silt ? clay ? sand ? gravel

134...Which of the following types of soil has the highest water-retaining

capacity?

A. Clay

B. Laterite

C. Loam

D. Gravel
E. Sand

135...Soil factors in an ecosystem are referred to as

A. topographic

B. climatic

C. biotic

D. edaphic

136...Loam is the best type of soil for crop production because

A. it has a high percentage of clay which prevents leaching

B. it has high humus content

C. it is porous and has good water retention capacity

D. gravels which obstruct implements are absent from it

137...Which of the following statements is true about sandy soil? It

A. has limited air space

B. is light and easy to dig

C. drains slowly

D. is heavy and poorly aerated

138...The topmost layer of a typical soil profile is

A. clay

B. coarse sand

C. fine sand

D. Humus

139..The capillarity of a soil refers to

A. the particle size of soil

B. how easily water passes through soil

C. how well water rises up in soil

D. proportion of water a soil holds

140...The highest level of ecological organization is the

A. ecosystem

B. population

C. biosphere

D. niche

141...The most important ecological factor in a terrestrial environment is

A. rainfall

B. humidity

C. wind

D. soil

142...The remains impressions of animals and plants preserved in rocks are

referred to as

A. crusts

B. fossils

C. honeycomb

D. plaques

143...The physical and climatic factors of a region primarily determine the

A. kinds of animal inhabiting the area

B. types of plants found in the area

C. nature of the soil in that region

D. community of organisms in the region

144...The term ecology was coined by

A..Carolus Linnaeus

B..Ernst Haeckel

C.. Aristotle

D.. Robert Hooke

145...Ecology is divided into how many classes

A..2

B..3

C..4

D..5

146...Based on the organisms and habitats ecology is divided into Autecology and
Synecology

TRUE/FALSE

147...______ is the study of the interaction between individual species with their
environment

A... Synecology

B.. Autecology

C.. Systematic ecology

D.. Community ecology

148..________is the study of interactions among two or more species or a

population with their environment.

A... Synecology

B.. Autecology

C.. Systematic ecology

D.. Community ecology

149... Which of the following is also referred to as species ecology

A... Synecology

B.. Autecology

C.. Systematic ecology

D.. Community ecology

150..._______ is further divided into population ecology and community ecology

A... Synecology
B.. Autecology

C.. Systematic ecology

D.. Community ecology

151...Which of the following would be the primary producer in a food chain?

A. Saprophytes

B. Herbivores

C. Carnivores

D. Green plants

E. Parasites

152....Which of the following organisms are the producers in an aquatic habitat?

A. Benthons

B. Phytoplanktons

C. Zooplanktons

D. Nektons

153...The protista that is a producer is an aquatic food chain is

A. trypanosome

B. paramecium

C. chamydomonas

D. amoeba

154...In complex food relationships in a community, the primary, secondary and

tertiary consumers are referred

to as

A. symbionts

B. omnivores

C. heterotrophs

D. autotrophs
E. carnivores

155..Which of the organisms is a primary consumer?

A. Cassava

B. Grasshopper

C. Hawk

D. Lizard

E. Toad

156...Which of the following sets is made up of decomposers?

A. Rhizophus, earthworm and protozoa

B. Mushroom, rhizophus and bacteria

C. Bacteria, earthworm and nematodes

D. earthworm, sedges and platyhelminthes

157...Which statement about decomposers is NOT true?

A. They are saprophytes

B. They carry on intra-cellular digestion

C. They facilitate the cleansing of the environment

D. They facilitate the recycling of nutrients

E. They form a link between autotrophs and heterotrophs

158...In a food chain the position occupied by an organism is called

A. the trophic level

B. energy level

C. the feeding level

D. the habitat level

E. niche

159...Which of these statements about food chain is NOT correct?

A. Animals in the chain are consumers

B. A food chain usually begins with a green plant

C. All organisms in a food chain are animals

D. Living things are dependent on one another

E. The food chain involves energy transfer in an ecosystem

160...Rhizopus (or mucor)obtain its food from dead organic matter

extracellularly. It is said to be

A. a facultative parasite

B. saprophyte

C. an obligate parasite

D. a commensal

E. an autotroph

161....There are how many Ocean biomes

A..3

B..4

C..5

D...6

162...The longest river in the world is

A..Nigeria

B.. Mississippi

C.. Amazon

D..Nile

163...Deserts can be found on every continent except

A..Africa

B..Europe

C..Asia

D.. Antarctica
164...The Largest desert in the desert biome covering about 300 million square
miles is

A..Arabian

B.. Atacama

C..Namib

D.. Sahara

165... Grassland biomes can be found in every continent except

A..Africa

B..Europe

C..Asia

D.. Antarctica

166...Gobi desert is an example of hot and dry desert

TRUE/FALSE

167... Savanna biome can be found in the following except

A...Africa

B... Antarctica

C..South America

D.. Australia

168...The grassland biomes covers how many percent of the Earth surface

A..75%

B..50%

C..25%

D..15%

169....______ are type of epiphytes plants that grow in the tropical rainforest

A..Tulip

B..Rose
C..Periwinkle

D..Orchids

170... Which of the following biomes experience all four seasons

A.. Rainforest

B..Desert

C.. Savanna

D.. Temperate Deciduous forest

171...Taiga/Coniferous Forest Biome is the largest terrestrial biome

TRUE/FALSE

172....The threshold for pain , tissue damage and potential hearing loss in
humans is

A..80 db

B..120 db

C..240 db

D..60 db

173..Landfills are the cheapest and most common means of solid waste disposal

TRUE/FALSE

174..The greenhouse effect is a climatic condition associated with the presence of

excess

A. carbon (IV) oxide

B. hydrogen sulphide

C. nitrogen (ll) oxide

D. ammonia gas

175...The following are greenhouse gases except

A..CO2

B..CH4

C..CFCs
D..O2

176..Giardia and Cryptosporium are examples of pathogenic

A...Virus

B...Fungi

C..Bacteria

D..Protozoa

177... Which of the following air pollutants reacts with haemoglobin irreversibly
leading to suffocation

A..SO2

B..CO

C..NO2

D..H2S

178...Greenhouse effect can be reduced by controlling

A. water evaporation

B. burning wood and fossil fuel

C. the use of aerosols

D. the use of artificial fertilizers

179...A consequence of global warming is

A. air pollution

B. flooding

C. increased humidity

D. low rainfall

180...Ozone is a highly reactive molecules that contains how many oxygen atoms

A..2

B..3

C..4
D..5

181...Ozone is formed in what region

A..Troposphere

B.. Mesosphere

C.. Stratosphere

D.. Ionosphere

182... According to FAO how many hectares of land are lost each year

A...4.3million

B...5.3million

C...6.3million

D..7.3million

183...Ecological sanitation is also called resource -oriented sanitation

TRUE/FALSE

184..... Sanitary sewers require much larger and much expensive treatment
facilities than combined sewers

TRUE/FALSE

185...Bars screens are mostly used for the removal of _____ type of waste

A..Solid

B..Liquid

C..Glass

D..All Of The Above

186...Vermitechnology includes the study and commercial application of

technologies that utilize the use of which of the following organisms for
degrading waste organic materials for sanitation ...

A..Earthworms

B..Fungi

C..Bacteria
D..Termites

187....________ is the dividing of slopes into several flat fields to control rapid run
of water

A... Contour Ploughing

B.. Reforestation

C.. Terracing

D..Strip Farming

188.... Which of the following is an example of Commensalism

A...Fungus and Algae

B..Mosses on Tree trunk

C...Fungi and roots of angiosperms

D...Honeybees and flowering plants

189....The stratospheric ozone layer filters

A.. Nitrogen oxides

B.. Ultraviolet radiations

C.. Poly chlorinated biphenyls

D.. Chlorofluorocarbons

190...Which of the following is not an adaptation of plants or animals to desert

environment?

A. Well developed tap root system

B. small leaves with thick epidermis

C. Stems with spike-like leaves

D. Metabolic waste in the form of uric acid in some animals

E. Broad leaves for storage

191..The structural adaptation of desert plants for water conservation is

A. broad leaves with numerous stomata

B. spongy mesophyll
C. spiny leaves

D. prominent stomata in leaves

192...Which of the following can cause desert encroachment?

A. Afforestation

B. Irrigation

C. Planting of trees

D. Establishment of game reserve

E. Overgrazing

193...The number of individuals in a habitat in relation to the unit space available

to each organism is referred to as the

A. birth rate

B. density

C. mortality

D. frequency

E. dispersion

194....Which of the following is not classified as a terrestrial habitat?

A. Forest

B. Guinea Savannah

C. Afro Alpine

D. Littoral zone

E. Desert

195...Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of tropical rain-forest

habitat?

A. Trees with longer boles than those in Savannah

B. Fewer canopy strata than the savannah

C. Many more trees and climbers than savannah

D. Plenty of leaf litter on the ground

E. More diverse communities than the savannah

196...Which of the following best describes a marine habitat? A large body of

water A

A. which has no distinctive colour or taste

B. with high concentration of salt

C. with tittle suspended materials

D. with no water weeds

E. which sustains no animal life

197...Which of the following is not an aquatic habitat?

A. Estuaries

B. Ponds

C. Rainforest

D. Swamp

E. Salt lake

198...Trees in savannah habitats usually have heavy thick bark which mainly

A. reduces the rate of transpiration

B. protect them from the scorching sun

C. protect them from heavy winds

D. resist bush tires

199...The group of several populations that interact and share a habitat, form

A. a species

B. a community

C. an ecotype

D. a tribe

200....Which of the following organisms are the producers in an aquatic habitat?

A. Benthons
B. Phytoplanktons

C. Zooplanktons

D. Nektons

201...Habitats are generally classified into

A. biotic and abiotic

B. aquatic and terrestrial

C. aboreal and marine biomes

D. microhabitats and macrohabitats

202...Organisms living in an estuarine habitat are adapted to

A. withstand wide fluctuations in temperature

B. survive only in water with low salinity

C. withstand wide fluctuations in salinity

D. feed only on phytoplankton and dead organic matter

203...Darwin noticed that organisms in similar habitats across the world looked
alike. This illustrates

A. convergent evolution

B. adaptive radiation

C. co-evolution

D. descent with modification

204...The following habitats can be found in West Africa except

A. mangrove swamp

B. sahel savanna

C. savanna grassland

D. temperate grassland

205...Lianas is to tropical rain forest as an extensive root system is to --------------

-- habitat

A. afro-alpine
B. estuarine

C. fresh - water

D. grass-land

E. marine

206...Special modification which enable an organism to survive in its habitat is

known as.

A. adaptation

B. tolerance

C. mimicry

D. colouration

207...The inability of an organism to adapt to its habitat can lead to

A. dormancy

B. adaptation

C. extinction

D. survival

208...A waterlogged habitat with low light penetration and very low quantity of
dissolved oxygen best describes a/an habitat

A. estuarine

B. marine

C. sahel savanna

D. swampy

E. tropical rainforest

209...The distribution of plants in a rain forest is governed mainly by

A. vegetation

B. soil types

C. amount of sunlight

D. rainfall pattern
210...A characteristic feature of tropical rainforest is that it

A. Contains trees with narrow leaves

B. Contains large number of plant species

C. Contains fewer number of plant species

D. Has total annual rainfall of less than 50cm

211..Pythium is an example of ______ parasite

A..Virus

B..Protozoan

C..Fungus

D…Bacteria

212... Numerical response is when predators migrate into areas of high prey
density

TRUE/FALSE

213...Contest competition and Scramble competition are examples of

Interspecific competition

TRUE/FALSE

214.. Interspecific competition leads to the following evolutionary outcomes

except

A... Competitive exclusion

B... Competitive displacement

C.. Competitive reduction

D...Range restriction

215... Which of the following occurs as population density approaches the

carrying capacity

A...The population may level out and stabilize below the carrying capacity

B...The population may briefly overshoot the carrying capacity and then crash

C..The population may oscillate around or below the carrying capacity

D...All Of The Above

216.. ______ is to the Earth as the peel is to the orange

A..Rock

B..Soil

C.. Atmosphere

D..Water

217... Which of the following forms the Largest components of the soil

A..Soil Air

B..Soil Water

C.. Mineral Constituents

D..Organic matter

218...Soil Air has a higher moisture content than the atmosphere

TRUE/FALSE

219..._______''is the art and science of controlling the establishment, growth,

composition, health, and quality of forests and woodlands to meet the diverse
needs and values of landowners and society such as wildlife habitat, timber,
water resources, restoration, and recreation on a sustainable basis.

A...Floriculture

B.. Deforestation

C.. Silviculture

D..Heliciculture

220....The physical breakdown of rocks by their contraction and expansion due to

diurnal temperature changes is called

A..Abrasion

B.. Slaking

C.. Insulation weathering

D.. Wetting
221.._______ occurs when some forces causes two rock surfaces to come together
causing mechanical wearing or grinding of their surfaces

A..Abrasion

B.. Slaking

C.. Insulation weathering

D.. Wetting

222.._____ occurs by the mechanism of ordered water which is the accumulation

of successive layers of water molecules in between the mineral grain of rocks

A..Abrasion

B.. Slaking

C.. Insulation weathering

D.. Exfoliation

223... Which of the following occur as a result of pressure release

A..Abrasion

B.. Slaking

C.. Insulation weathering

D.. Exfoliation

224...Most tropical plants shed their leaves during dry weather conditions in
order to

A. reduce their growth rate.

B. conserve water

C. reduce competition

D. minimize the rate of photosynthesis

225...The biological association that contributes directly to succession in a

community is

A. competition

B. predation
C. parasitism

D. commensalism

226...In ecological succession, since Iichens grow on bare rock, they are
considered to be

A. primary consumers

B. pioneer organisms

C. climax organisms

D. producers

227...In Chemical weathering, which of the following causes granular

distingeration

A..Hydration

B.. Carbonation

C.. Reduction

D... Hydrolysis

228...______ involves the rigid attachment of water molecules to a mineral

A..Hydration

B.. Oxidation

C.. Reduction

D... Hydrolysis

229...Which of the following is also called solution

A..Hydration

B.. Carbonation

C.. Reduction

D... Hydrolysis

230.. Which of the following forms of chemical weathering is most effective in

tropic and humid regions

A..Hydration
B.. Carbonation

C.. Reduction

D... Hydrolysis

231...301…Which of the following can cause physical weathering due to

unloading

A.. Slaking

B.. Pressure release

C.. Abrasion

D..Carbonation

232...The process by which lime is added to clay soil is known as

A. sedimentation

B. Leaching

C. flocculation

D. manuring

233..The mineral nutrient that is most bound to the soil is

A. phosphorus

B. calcium

C. iron

D. potassium

234...The mineral nutrient that easily gets leached out of the soil is

A. phosphorus

B. calcium

C. magnesium

D. nitrate

235...A soil consisting of alumina and iron (II)oxide is known as

A. loamy soil
B. clayey soil

C. laterite

D. podzol

236..The soil type that will be most difficult to plough in a wet season is one that
is

A. loamy

B. clayey

C. sandy

D. silty

237...A farm practice that result in the loss of soil fertility is

A. mixed farming

B. bush fallowing

C. shifting cultivation

D. continous cropping

238...Shrubs do not survive on newly weathered soils because

A. the top soil is shallow

B. drainage on such soil is poor

C. humus is absent from the soil

D. the soil tends to be sandy

239..Which of the following statements is true about sandy soil? It

A. has limited air space

B. is light and easy to dig

C. drains slowly

D. is heavy and poorly aerated

240..The topmost layer of a typical soil profile is

A. clay
B. coarse sand

C. fine sand

D.. humus

241...The most dominant type of soil is

A..Sandy

B..Clay

C..Humus

D..Alluvial

242... Which of the following is more susceptible to wind erosion

A..Sandy

B..Clay

C..Humus

D..Alluvial

243...Which of the following types of soils lack manganese and iron

A...Sandy

B..Silt

C..Peaty

D.. Chalky

244..._____ soils are acidic and as a result doesn't support decomposition very well

A...Sandy

B..Silt

C..Peaty

D.. Chalky

245....______ salts are alkaline with a PH of about 7.5 and often stony with
limestone bedrock

A...Sandy
B..Silt

C..Peaty

D.. Chalky

246...The particles of which of the following soils are so small and can not be
easily seen by the eyes

A...Sandy

B..Silt

C..Peaty

D.. Chalky

247...The most common type of interspecific interaction that represents lack of

interaction between two populations is

A.. Mutualism

B.. Commensalism

C..Neutralism

D..Parasitism

248...The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by

A..Darwin

B..Gause

C..Dujardin

D..Morgan

249..._______ involves the production and release if chemical substances by one

species that inhibits the growth of another species

A..Parasitism

B..Allelopathy

C..Dyctinasty

D..Plesmopathy

250...Drainage system for rain water is also called storm water drainage
TRUE/FALSE

251...There are how many criteria to compare the sustainability of sanitation

system

A..2

B..3

C..4

D..5

251...The most widely acceptable definition of ecological niche was made by

A.. Haeckel

B.. Hutchinson

C..Howard

D.. Holstein

252...The Niche is a set of

A..Biotic factors

B..Abiotic factors

C..A and B

D..None of the above

253...A large scale of similar vegetation and climatic characteristics is

A.. Biosphere

B..Biome

C.. Ecosystem

D..Habitat

254...Which of the following is detritivore

A..Lion

B..Black mamba

C..Vulture
D..Mongoose

255..A detailed interconnecting diagram that shows the over all food relationship
between organisms in a particular environment is

A..Food chain

B.. Pyramid of number

C..Pyramid of biomass

D..Food web

256...Which of the following processes is not involved in the carbon cycle?

A. Burning

B. Decay

C. Transpiration

D. Respiration

257....Which of the following processes are involved in a water cycle?

A. Evaporation, condensation and precipitation

B. Evaporation, percolation and transpiration

C. Evaporation and precipitation

D. Evaporation and transpiration

258....Which of the following processes removes water from the water cycle?

A. Condensation

B. Perspiration

C. Photosynthesis

D. Transpiration

259..._______ are extensively large ecological areas on earth surface with distinct
flora and fauna that are adapted to their different ecological factors

A.. Biosphere

B..Biome

C.. Ecosystem
D..Habitat

260...The Largest Ocean biome is

A.. Atlantic Ocean

B..Indian Ocean

C.. Pacific Ocean

D..Arctic Ocean

261...The average temperature of any Ocean is

A..39°F

B..49°F

C..59°F

D..69°F

262...Cold water move in from the tropic while warm mater move in from the
poles

TRUE/FALSE

263..Animals that live in which of the following ocean zones exhibit

Bioluminescence

A.. Midnight zone

B..Euphotic zone

C.. Twilight zone

D.. Epipelagic zone

264...The Largest known mammal in the world is

A..Shark

B.. Elephant

C..Blue Whale

D..King Kong

265...The freshwater covers roughly how many percent of the Earth surface

A..50%
B..40%

C..30%

D..20%

266...The largest freshwater biome is

A..Florida Everglades

B.. Mediterranean sea

C.. Lake Victoria

D..River Nile

267....Nitrogen- fixing micro-organisms in leguminous plants live symbiotically in

the

A. root nodules

B. tap root

C. branch roots

D. root hairs

268...The process whereby microorganisms can convert atmospheric nitrogen

into nitrogenous compound is

known as

A. nitrogen cycle

B. nitrogen fixation

C. denitrification

D. putrefaction

269...The reduction of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen is

A. nitrogen fixing

B. nitrogen cycle

C. ammonification

D. denitrification

270...Plants use Nitrogen in the form of

A. ammonia

B. ammonium

C. nitrates

D. nitrites

271...How many percent of the Earth's surface is desert

A..20%

B..40%

C..15%

D..25%

272... Which of the following is an example of plant that grows in the desert

A..Tulip

B..Carpet grass

C..Orchid

D..Cacti

273... Which of the following is an animal that is adapted to life in the desert

A..Donkey

B..Boa

C..Camel

D..Crab

274...The little plants and grasses in cold deserts like in Antarctica only grow
during

A..Autumn

B..Summer

C.. Springs

D..Winter

275... Which of the following are well known animals living at the edge of the
Antarctic desert
A..Penguins

B..Sharks

C..Koalas

D.. Iguanas

276...The savanna biome has a very wet season and a very dry season

TRUE/FALSE

277... Tropical grassland biomes are located in the_____ hemisphere

A..Southern

B..Eastern

C..Western

D..Northern

278.. Temperate grasslands biomes are located in the ___ hemisphere

A..Southern

B..Eastern

C..Western

D..Northern

279...The Largest part of savannah biome is located in

A..America

B..Africa

C..Europe

D..Asia

280...The average temperature of the tropical rainforest is between

A..11 - 20°C

B..21 - 30°C

C..31 - 40°C

D..41 - 50°C
281...The ______ make up the majority of living creatures in tropical rainforest

A..Birds

B..Insects

C..Snakes

D..Lizards

282... Approximately , how many acres of rainforest are destroyed every minute

A..20

B..30

C..40

D..50

283...Which of the following biomes is characterized by its leaf-shedding trees

and seasons

A.. Rainforest

B..Desert

C.. Savanna

D.. Temperate Deciduous forest

284..The_______ are ranked second as the rainiest biome

A.. Rainforest

B..Desert

C.. Savanna

D.. Temperate Deciduous forest

285...In ______ biomes, after deforestation trees take a lot of time to restore
themselves because of the short growing season

A..Temperate forests

B.. Rainforests

C..Coniferous forests

D..Temperate deciduous forest

286...Tunturia means

A..Dense forest

B..Frozen plains

C..Sparse forest

D.. Treeless plain

287... Which of the following biome has a permanently frozen subsoil called
Permafrost

A..Temperate forests

B.. Arctic Tundra

C.. Chaparral

D..Temperate deciduous forest

288...The growing season in Alpine Tundra is approximately how many days

A..180

B..280

C..380

D..480

289... Pollutants that the environment has little or no absorptive capacity are
called

A... Notable pollutants

B..Fund pollutants

C..Stock pollutants

D..All Of The Above

290... Pollutants that the environment has absorptive capacity are called

A... Notable pollutants

B..Fund pollutants

C..Stock pollutants

D..All Of The Above

291...Waste is sometimes a subjective concept

TRUE/FALSE

292...The most obvious example of a negative human impact on the environment

is _______ pollution

A..Water

B..Air

C..Noise

D..Radiative

293.....Water pollution can be analyzed through how many broad categories of

methods

A..2

B..3

C..4

D...5

294...Carbon rate is the measure of direct or indirect CO2 emitted by individual

company

TRUE/FALSE

295..Zoo is an example of In-situ /On site conservation

TRUE/FALSE

296... Ecological principles uses how many approaches to address conservation

problems

A..5

B..4

C..3

D..2

297... Which of the following is carried out mainly through international

environmental legislations known as convention , treaties , protocols or
agreement
A..Species conservation

B.. Biosphere conservation

C.. Ecosystem conservation

D..Site conservation

298...The least component of the soil is

A...Matrix of minerals

B..Soil air

C..Soil water

D..Organic matter

299...The water around the soil particles is held tightly with a force called

A.. Gravitational attraction

B.. Electrostatic attraction

C.. Capillary attraction

D.. Transpiration pull

300... Which of the following statements is NOT correct

A...In physical weathering the two types of crystal growth are ice and salt

B ..The surface of the rock expand more than its interior

C..Dark colored grains in rock expand more than light colored grains

D... Pressure release is not a physical weathering process

COURTESY : U21MBBS/BDS ACADEMIC COMMITTEE

DATE : 14TH OF AUGUST 2023…..(MAMA SWINDON’S DAY)