GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad

PACIFIC SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, SURAT

Academic Year (2023-2024)

A Project Report on Acephate Plant

Under the subject of

Summer Internship
At UPL Limited (Unit-2)

Submitted by
YADAV AKASH RAJESHWAR
(201120105005)
th th
BE-4 year,7 semester

In Partial Fulfillment for The award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
Chemical Engineering Department

Pushpajitsinh K. Barad Pushpajitsinh K. Barad

Internal Guide Head of the Department

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 PACIFIC SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, SURAT

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the In-plant training at “UPL Limited, Unit-2” has been
carried out by YADAV AKASH RAJESHWAR. (201120105005) under my
guidance in partial fulfillment of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Chemical Engineering (4th Year, 7th Semester) of Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2023-2024.

Pushpajitsinh K. Barad Pushpajitsinh K. Barad

Internal Guide Head of the Department

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 Pacific School of Engineering, Surat

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Summer Internship report submitted along

with the Internship entitled “Production of Acephate” submitted in
partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Chemical
Engineering to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, is a
bonafide record of original project work carried out by me at UPL
Limited (Unit-2).

Yadav Akash Rajeshwar.

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 ACKNOWLDEGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude towards “UPL Limited”
for giving me an opportunity to work as a summer intern for duration of Two
weeks s a part of training of our course. I express my gratitude to all those who
initiated and help me in the successful completion of this project.

The internship opportunity I had with Acephate production plant was a great
chance for learning and professional development. Therefore, I consider myself as
a very lucky individual as I got an opportunity to be part of it. I am also grateful
for having a chance to meet so many wonderful people who led me though this
Internship Period.

I express my gratitude to Mr. Atul Chaudhary, (Plant Head) and our faculty guide
Pushpajitsinh K. Barad for supporting us during the project work. I have to
appreciate the guidance given by other operators, supervisors, as well as engineers
for explaining the process of plant and providing their valuable suggestions, thanks
to their comments and advices. Furthermore I would also like to acknowledge with
much appreciation the crucial role of staff of HR department and Safety
department who gave me an opportunity to visit Acephate plant in UPL Unit-2
Ankleshwar for industrial training.
 ABSTRACT

The study on Acephate Production Plant in UPL LIMITED Unit-2

industrial training comprises a review of the literature and an overview of
the manufacturing process. A detailed collection of diagrams representing
the plant’s process flow and unit operations. This Internship has enhanced
technical as well as theoretical knowledge. It is important for students to
know about the culture and working of the industry before a student step
out in the industrial world. Theory of any subject is important but without
its practical knowledge it becomes useless for the technical students. A
technical student cannot be a perfect engineer or without technical
understanding of the scenario of the branch. Hence this training provides a
golden opportunity for me. The principal objective of the training report is
to get details about the equipment’s used in the Chemical Industries. Thus
it is important for every person to be exposed to training in some kind of
industry or other to enhance one’s knowledge.

KEYWORDS: Training, Manufacturing Process, Safety parameters at

site, Role and Responsibilities of Engineer, Emergency protocols,
Operating conditions.

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List of Tables

Table 1: DMPAT Properties ............................................................................................................................. 11

Table 2:DMS Properties………………………………………………………………………………………......... 13
Table 3: MDC Properties……………………………………………………………………………………….17
Table 4: Sulfuric acid Properties………………………………………………………………………………19
Table 5:Acetic Anhydride Properties……………………………………………………………………… .........22
Table6:Ammonia Properties……………………………………………………………………………………25
Table 7: Ethy Acetate Properties………………………………………………………………….………… ........ 28
Table 8: Siren Codes………………………………………………………………………………… .....................38
Table 9: Fire prevention.....................................................................................................................................39
Table 10: Acephate Properties .......................................................................................................................... 40

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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLDEGEMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 4
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY ............................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 2: RAW MATERIAL ........................................................................................................................... 10
1. DMPAT (O,O-Dimethyl Thiophosphoramide) ............................................................................................... 11
2. DMS (Dimethyl Sulfide) ................................................................................................................................. 12
3. MDC (Methylene Dichloride) ......................................................................................................................... 13
4. H2SO4(98%) (Sulfuric Acid) ........................................................................................................................... 14
5. Acetic Anhydride ............................................................................................................................................ 15
6. Ammonia ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
7. Ethyl Acetate ................................................................................................................................................... 16
CHAPTER 3: PROCESS DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................. 17
3.1 Process Block Diagram of Acephate Plant.................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Process Description ....................................................................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER4: SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................... 21
4.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
4.2 BASIC RULE FOLLOWED ..................................................................................................................................... 21
4.3 SAFETY TRAINING ................................................................................................................................... 22
4.4 VISION OF UPL IN TERMS OF SAFETY ................................................................................................. 23
4.5 TYPES OF INCIDENTS / CASES : ............................................................................................................. 23
4.6 SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF UPL: ......................................................................................... 25
4.7 EMERGENCY SIREN CODES: .................................................................................................................. 26
4.8 TYPES OF FIRE ........................................................................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 5: PRODUCT DETAIL (ACEPHATE) ............................................................................................... 27
5.1 MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) of Acephate ......................................................................................... 28
CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................................. 39

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 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY

United Phosphorous Limited was established on 29 May 1969 by Rajju D Shroff.

The company changed its name to UPL Limited in October 2013. UPL Limited,
formerly United Phosphorous Limited, is an Indian Multinational company that
manufactures and markets agrochemicals, chemical intermediates, and specialty
th
chemicals, and also offers pesticides. UPL is the 5 largest post-patent
agrochemical company in the world. UPL products are sold in 150+ countries.

The company engages in both agro and non-agro activities which has around 1344
products in its portfolio. The agro-business is the company’s primary source of
revenue and includes the manufacture and marketing of convectional agrochemical
products, seeds, and other agricultural related products. The non-agro segments
includes manufacturing and marketing industrial chemicals and other
nonagricultural products such as fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, plant growth
regulators, rodenticides, industrial & specialty chemicals, and nutrifeeds.

There are about 13 manufacturing units in India, many of which have won awards
for efficient water usage and Green Manufacturing Excellence. UPL unit -02
started its operation in 1993, 16.2 acre plant is ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO
18001 certified manufacturing unit, UPL manufactures majorly Acephate,
Devrinol, Clomazone, PH5000 and other agro & specialty chemicals at its unit-02
site. Unit has adopted 5S workplace organization method for improving efficiency
and effectiveness. Core energy team has qualified ISO 50001 internal auditor to
peruse EnMs. They are into agriculture from top to toe, i.e., starting from seed,
pre-harvest to fertilizers and post-harvest. They are in full serve to farmer in every
way. The region of crop protection under UPL has a vast area covered for all types
of products required.

UPL Limited Unit-2 was commissioned in 1993 with the manufacture of Quinalphos,
Phosphamidom, Dichlorovos, and Paraquate dichloride. In addition to this, UPL

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started manufacturing pesticides Phorate and Turbophos and substituted existing
product Paraquate dichloride with Acephate between January 1994 to 1996.
The Unit is currently manufacturing Technical Pesticides – Metribuzin, Terbuphose,
Metasystox, Mesotrion, Pyrazosulfuron Ethyl, Ethofumisate,
Azoxystrobin, Surflan, Devrinol, D-Imidacloprid, Acephate, etc. Pesticides
Intermediates – Di Ethyl Thiophsphory Chloride (DETCL), Amino Aceto Nitrile
Sulphate, MyrisylAminoxide, DiMethyl Phosphorous Amido Thionate (DMPAT),
Dimethyl Phosphonate (DDMP), Para Chloro O Cresol (PCOC). Dimethyl Thio
Phospheric Acid (DETA), Zinc Dithio Phosphoric acid (ZnDTP), Noflan, Absolute
Alcoholetc and Pesticide formulation products and maintaining Zero Liquid
Discharge (ZLD) since May 2014.

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 CHAPTER 2: RAW MATERIAL

A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary

commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods,
energy, or intermediates materials that are feedstock for future finished products.
Raw material required for Acephate Production are:

1. DMPAT (O,O-Dimethyl Thiophosphoramidate)

2. DMS (Dimethyl Sulfide)
3. MDC (Methylene Dichloride)
4. H2SO4(98%)
5. Acetic Anhydride
6. Liquor Ammonia
7. Ethyl Acetate

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1. DMPAT (O,O-Dimethyl Thiophosphoramide)

Molecular Formula: C2H8NO2PS

Molecular Weight: 141.13 g/mol

Color: Color less

3
Density: 0.925 g/cm

o
Melting Point: 26-30 C

o
Boiling Point: 162.2 C at 760 mmHg

Solubility: Chloroform, Methanol(Slightly)

o
Stability: Unstable > 100 C
Explode when heated

Stable under normal

storage condition

Table 1: DMPAT Properties

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2. DMS (Dimethyl Sulfide)

Molecular Formula: C2H6S

Molecular Weight: 62.13 g/mol

Appearance: Colourless Liquid

Odor: Stench: cabbage, sulfurous

3
Density: 0.846 g/cm
o
Melting Point: -98 C
o
Boiling Point: 35 to 41 C
GHS Labeling:
Pictograms

Single Word: Danger

Table 2: DMS Properties

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3. MDC (Methylene Dichloride)

Molecular Formula: CH2Cl2

Molecular Weight: 84.93 g/mol

Appearance: Colourless Liquid

Odor: Faint, chloroform-like

3 o
Density: 1.3266 g/cm (20 C)

o
Melting Point: -96.7 C
o
Boiling Point: 39.75 C at 760 mmHg
Solubility: Miscible in ethyl acetate, alcohol, hexanes, benzene, CCl4,
Dimethyl ether, CHCl3
GHS Labeling:
Pictograms

Single Word: Warning

Table 3: MDC Properties

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4. H2SO4(98%) (Sulfuric Acid)

Molecular Formula: H2SO4

Molecular Weight: 98.079 g/mol

Appearance: Colourless viscous Liquid

Odor: Odorless

3
Density: 1.8302 g/cm (liquid)
o
Melting Point: 10.31 C
o
Boiling Point: 337 C
Solubility in water: Miscible, Exothermic
GHS Labeling:
Pictograms

Single Word: Danger

Table 4: Sulfuric acid Property

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5. Acetic Anhydride

Molecular Formula: (CH3CO)2O

Molecular Weight: 102.089 g/mol

Appearance: Colourless Liquid

Odor: strongly of acetic acid

3
Density: 1.082 g/cm (liquid)
o
Melting Point: -73.1 C
o
Boiling Point: 139.8 C
Solubility in water: 2.6 g/100ml
GHS Labeling:
Pictograms

Single Word: Danger

Table 5: Acetic Anhydride Properties

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6. Ammonia

Molecular NH3
Formula:
Molecular Weight: 17.031 g/mol

Appearance: Colourless gas

Odor: strong pungent gas

3
Density: 0.86 g/cm (1.013 bar at boiling point)
o
Melting Point: -77.73 C
o
Boiling Point: -33.34 C
Solubility: soluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, methanol
GHS Labeling:
Pictograms

Single Word: Danger

Table 6: Ammonia Properties

7. Ethyl Acetate

Molecular Formula: C4H8O2

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Molecular Weight: 88.106 g/mol

Appearance: Colourless Liquid

Odor: nail polish-like, fruity

3
Density: 0.902 g/cm
o
Melting Point: -83.6 C
o
Boiling Point: 77.1 C
Solubility: miscible
GHS Labeling:
Pictograms

Single Word: Danger

Table 7: Ethyl Acetate Properties

CHAPTER 3: PROCESS DESCRIPTION

3.1 Process Block Diagram of Acephate Plant

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3.2 Process Description

O,O Dimethyl phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT) and Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS) is

o
isomerised to Metamidophos by catalytic reaction at 54 C and atm pressure in the
presence of Dichloro methane as solvent. After isomerisation, the iso mass is sent
to iso mass holding reactor. Then the premixture of Acetic Anhydride and Sulfuric

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Acid. Is prepared in premixture reactor. The isomass and premixture is added to
AFR (Advance Flow Reactor) where it is reacted. From AFR the reacted mixture is
sent to Acetylation reactor. Where it is cooked and converted into Acetyl mass.

Acetyl mass is the sent to Neutralization where ammonia and water is added to
maintain pH. After that the neutralized mass is sent to phase separator (Decanter)
where the organic mass from bottom and aqueous mass from top is separated.

The aqueous mass is sent to the extraction column where Ammonium acetate and
Acephate is separated in that MDC is added from top. As Acephate is Soluble in
MDC and Ammonium Acetate is separated as by product.

The organic mass is sent to MDC recovery Process. MDC recovery takes place in
several stages. In first stage MDC is recovered by MDC FFE (Falling Film
Evaporator. The remaining MDC which is not recovered in this process is sent to
nd
2 cut MDC recovery stage. The recovered MDC is reused. The remaining
organic mass is sent to crystallizer for crystallization.

In Crystallization the temperature is reduced by creating vacuum and crystal is obtained.

The obtained crystallized product is sent to ANF (Agitated Nutsche Filter) in which Ethyl
acetate wash is given to remove impurity. From ANF product and mother liquor is sent to
drying in Spin Flash Dryer and then packing is done. The mother liquor obtained from
ANF is then sent for further processing in EA FFE (Falling Film
nd
Evaporator) to remove ethyl acetate and then it is sent in 2 crop
crystallization for crystallization.

The Crystallized product is then sent in ANF(Agitated Nutsche Filter) for

filtration and then it is dried in Rotary Vacuum drying and then the product
is packed and sent to storage areas.

The mother liqour from first crop filtration is sent to first crop EA FFE from which
it is fed to EA Low Boiling column and EA High Boiling column and the final EA
is stored for further utilization. The mother liquor from 2nd crop filtration is fed to
second crop EA FFE. The EA from bottom is stored in EA residue tank and EA
vapour from top of EA FFE is sent to EA Low Boiling and EA High boiling
column. The recovered EA is also used again for process

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 CHAPTER4: SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

4.1 INTRODUCTION

• Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected against
physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational,
psychological, educational or other types of consequences of failure, damage,
error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered
nondesirable.
• This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to
something that causes health or economical loss. It can include protection of
People or of possessions.
• No industry can afford to neglect the fundamentals of safety in design and
Operation of its plant and machinery. It is important that all the people
responsible for management and operation of any industry should have a good
knowledge of Industrial safety.
• “Safe uses of man, material and machine by safe systems and method of work
so as to achieve zero accidents which results in higher productivity.”
• Accident: An accident is unplanned/ unexpected events which interfere or
interrupts with the planned process of work and results in personal injury .

4.2 BASIC RULE FOLLOWED

• No smoking
• No electronic items allowed in the industry without special permission
• Photography is strictly prohibited
• Personal protective equipments (PPE) are compulsory.
• Only walk on the showed footpath.
• Watch out for big vehicles in the blind spot convex mirrors. Let them
pass and then cross the road.

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 • Speed limit 10km/hr.
• Do not enter in restricted area.

4.3 SAFETY TRAINING

Basic rules to be followed:

1. No smoking
2. No electronic items allowed in the industry without special permission
3. Photography is strictly prohibited
4. Personal protective equipments (PPE) are compulsory.
5. Only walk on the showed footpath.
6. Watch out for big vehicles in the blind spot convex mirrors. Let them pass
and then cross the road.
7. Speed limit 10km/hr.
8. Do not enter in restricted area.
9. Don’t touch any equipments.
10. Hold the handrail while climbing on stairs.
11. If any abnormality takes place in the industry then firstly inform the respective
authorized person of the section.
12. In cases of emergencies use emergency exit and gather at the assembly point
as soon as you hear panic siren and stay there until clear siren.
13. Always ensure checking of the siren once in a week.

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14. Take care of gate pass and ID card given to you.
15. Before you go, inform your host and then leave the plant.

4.4 VISION OF UPL IN TERMS OF SAFETY

To become one of the best & safest chemical manufacturing companies in

the world and achieve “Best in Class” by making safety a way of life.

Different unplanned activities occurring in an industry

• Incident: It may cause harm at a minor scale to plant property or employee
• Accident: it causes harm to plant property or employee
• Dangerous Occurrence: It causes harm only to plant property.
• Near miss: The incident happened doesn’t result in any loss or injury.

4.5 TYPES OF INCIDENTS / CASES :

First Aid Case (FAC): person may resume his/her work after taking medicine from
health center.

Medical treatment case (MTC): A medical treatment case is any injury sustained
on the job by an employee which requires medical treatment from a professional
physician or qualified paramedic.

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Restricted working day (RWC): In such kind of injuries person should immediately be
taken to the hospital and to be kept there until he/she gets fit for the work.

Loss time incident (LTI): An LTI is an injury sustained by an employee that

leads to loss of productive work in the form of absenteeism or delays.
LTIFR(Loss time incident)

Dangerous occurrence (DO): These are incidents with a high potential to

cause death or serious injury, but which happen relatively.

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Major process safety incident (MPSI): An event that is potentially catastrophic,
i.e., an event involving the release/loss of containment of hazardous materials that
can result in large-scale health and environmental consequences.

4.6 SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF UPL:

• Daily safety talk

• Training & Performance
• Contractor safety management
• Incident Investigation & report
• Change management
• PHA (Process Hazard Analysis)
• BBS (Behavior based safety)
• PSSR (Pre-Start-up Safety Review)
• PSR (Plant Safety Representative)
• Work Permit system
• Health monitoring (Occupational Health Center)
• Emergency Preparedness and Response
• Second Party Audit (from other units)
• Safety control Points
• Preliminary LOPA & Risk Assessment
• Workplace monitoring

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 • Construction safety
• Safety Self-Recognition Program
• War Against Hazard

4.7 EMERGENCY SIREN CODES:

Testing Siren rings till 1 min Continuously

Plant Alert Siren rings until Plant safety
Representative arrives on the place

On site Emergency Siren rings wave form 10s on and 5s off 3 times

Off-site Emergency Siren rings wave form 10s on and 5s off for 15 min
continuously

All clear (On site) Siren rings continuously for 2 minutes.

All clear (Off site) Siren rings continuously for 3 minutes.

Table 8: Siren Codes

4.8 TYPES OF FIRE

Types of fire Class Material Extinguisher

A Wood, Paper, fabric Water

B Flammable liquids Foam

C Burning gases Carbon Dioxide
D Combustible metal Dry chemical powder
(Soda bicarbonate)

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E Electrical equipment Carbon Dioxide
Table 9: Fire prevention

CHAPTER 5: PRODUCT DETAIL (ACEPHATE)

Chemical C4H10NO3PS
Formula:
Molar Mass: 183.16 g/mol
Appearance : colourless to white solid
3
Density: 1.35 g/cm
o
Melting Point: 88-90 C

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Solubility in 79 g/100ml
Water:

Solubility in very soluble in acetone, soluble in ethanol

water:
GHS labeling
Pictograms

Single Word: Warning

Table 10: Acephate Properties

Production Quantity: UPL produce around 3000 MT/month of Acephate in Unit 2.

Acephate is an organophosphate foliar and soil insecticide of moderate persistence

with residual systematic activity of about 10-15 days at the recommended use rate.
It is used primarily for control of aphids, including resistant species, in vegetables
(e.g. potatoes, carrots, greenhouse tomatoes, and lettuce) and in horticulture (e.g.
on roses and greenhouse ornamentals). It also controls leaf miners, caterpillars,
sawflies, thrips, and spider mites in the previously stated crops as well as truf, and
forestry. By direct application to mounds, it is effective in destroying imported
fire ants.

5.1 MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) of Acephate

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1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND OF THE
COMPANY/UNDERTAKING

Product Identifier
Product Description: Acephate 97

Other means of Identification

UN-No: 3077

Recommended use of the chemical and restriction on

use Recommended use: Insecticide
Uses advised against: Activities contrary to label recommendation

2. Hazard Identification

Classification
Acute Oral: Category 4 - (H302)
Acute Dermal: Category 5 - (H313)
Aquatic Acute Hazard: Category 2 - (H401)
Aquatic Chronic Hazard: Category 2 - (H411)

Label elements

Signal word: Warning

Hazard Statements
H302 - Harmful if swallowed.
H313 - May be harmful in contact with skin.
H312 - Call a POISON CENTRER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

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Precautionary Statements

Prevention
P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling.
P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P273 Avoid release to the environment.

Response
P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if
you feel unwell.
P330 Rinse Mouth

Storage
P403+P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool

Prevention
P501 Dispose of contents/container to an approved waste disposal plant

Other Information: No other hazards known.

3. Composition/information on Ingredients

Chemical name: Acephate

CAS-No: 30560-19-1
Weight %: 97
If CAS number is "proprietary", the specific chemical identity and percentage
of composition has been withheld as a trade secret.

4. First aid measures

First-aid measures

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Eye contact: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15 - 20
minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after 5 minutes, then continue rinsing
eye. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.

Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately, then wash
with plenty of water. Clean contaminated clothing and shoes before re-use or
discard if they cannot be thoroughly cleaned. Seek Immediate medical attention.

Ingestion Rinse mouth: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Do not induce vomiting unless told by physician. If vomiting occurs ensure patient
can breathe. Get medical attention.
Inhalation: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position
comfortable for breathing. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Seek
Immediate medical attention.

Most Important Symptoms and Effects, Both Acute and Delayed

Most Important Symptoms and Effects The most important known symptoms and
effects are described in the labelling (See section 2) and/or in section 11.

Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Notes to

physician: Treat symptomatically and supportively.

5. Fire-fighting measures

Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media: Water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical

or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable extinguishing media: High pressure water jets

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture

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Special Hazard: Thermal decomposition can lead to release of irritating or toxic
fumes (or gases ) in fire.
Hazardous combustion products: Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx),Oxides of
phosphorus & sulphur.

Protective equipment and precautions for firefighters: Wear self-contained

breathing apparatus and protective suit. Use standard firefighting procedures and
consider the hazards of involved material.

6. Accidental release measures

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

Personal Precautions: Do not eat, drink or smoke while using this product. Avoid
contact with skin and eyes. Do not breathe vapor/mist. Keep unnecessary people
away. Isolate area. Keep out of low areas. Vapors can accumulate in low area.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
Environmental precautions: Consult a regulatory specialist to determine appropriate
state or local reporting requirements, for assistance in waste characterization and/or
hazardous waste disposal and other requirements listed in pertinent environmental
permits. Keep material out of lakes, streams, ponds and sewer drains. Dike to confine
spill and absorb with an absorbant such as clay, sand or soil. Local authorities should
be advised if significant spillages cannot be contained.

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

Methods for Clean-Up: Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel,
acid binder, universal binder, sawdust). Sweep up and shovel into suitable
containers for disposal.
Reference to other sections: Refer to Section 8 - Exposure
Controls/Personal Protection and Section 13 – Disposal Considerations.

7. Handling and Storage

Precautions for safe handling

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Handling: Wear Suitable protective equipment. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Avoid breathing vapour or mist. Ensure adequate ventilation. Wash thoroughly
after handling. Avoid release to environment. Empty containers may contain
hazardous residues. Do not reuse empty container.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Storage: Store in accordance with local regulation. Store in original container. Protect
from direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed in a cool, wellventilated place.
Keep away from incompatible material. Do not store in unlabelled containers. Do not
store material near food, feed or drinking water. Use appropriate containment to avoid
environmental contamination. incompatible materials: Alkaline material

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Exposure Guideline: Apply technical measures to comply with the occupational

exposure limit.
Chemical Name: Acephate
China: TWA: 0.3 mg/m3
STEL: 0.9 mg/m3
Skin
Engineering controls: Ensure adequate ventilation, especially in confined areas. If
applicable, use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering
controls to maintain airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If
exposure limits have not been established, maintain airborne levels to an
acceptable level.
Personal protective equipment
Eye/Face Protection: Avoid contact with eyes. Where there is potential for eye
contact have eye flushing equipment available. Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield.
Skin/Hand protection: Wear protective gloves/clothing. Long-sleeved clothing
Respiratory protection: When workers are facing concentrations above
the exposure limit they must use appropriate certified respirators.

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Environmental exposure controls: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do
so. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Local authorities should be
advised if significant spillage cannot be contained.
General hygiene considerations: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this
product. Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs. Wash hands before
breaks and immediately after handling the product. Remove and wash
contaminated clothing before re-use.

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Appearance: White to off-white colored crystalline solid

Physical state: White to off-white Odor: Characteristic
Color: White to off-white odor threshold: No
information available

10. Stability and Reactivity

Reactivity
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Chemical stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Possibility of hazardous reaction None under

normal processing.

Conditions to avoid
Avoid extreme high or low temperatures. Exposure to light.

Incompatible Materials
Alkaline material

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Hazardous decomposition products
Thermal decomposition can lead to release of irritating or toxic fumes (or gases)
in fire.
Thermal hazardous decomposition products: Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides
(NOx), Oxides of phosphorus & sulphur

11. Toxicological Information

Information on Toxicological Effects

LD50 Oral = 630 mg/kg

LD50 Dermal = >2000 mg/kg
LC50 Inhalation = 6.36 mg/l

Local effect

Inhalation: Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.
Eye contact: non-irritating Skin contact May be harmful in contact with skin
Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed

Chronic toxicity
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Non-irritating
Eye damage/irritation: Non-irritating

12. Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity
Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

LC50/Fish/96hr = >100 mg/l (rainbow

trout) EC50/Daphnia/48hr = 7.24
EC50/Algae/72hr = 118.97 mg/l

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13. Disposal Considerations
Waste Treatment Methods: Waste Disposal Method Dispose of in accordance with
applicable Federal, State, local laws and regulations.
Contaminated packaging: Empty container should be taken for local recycling,
recovery or waste disposal. Do not re-use container. Avoid dispersal of spilt
material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers.

14. Transport Information

IMDG/IMO
UN-No: UN 3077
Proper Shipping name: Environmentally hazardous substances, solid,
n.o.s.(Acephate) Hazard class: 9
Packing group: III EMS
No: F-A, S-F
Marine pollutant: Yes

IATA/ICAO
UN-No: UN 3077
Proper Shipping name: Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s.
(Acephate)
Hazard class: 9
Packing group: III
Marine pollutant: Yes

15. Regulatory Information

International Inventories

(Acephate : CAS 30560-19-1)

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USINV: Complies
EINECS/ELINCS: Complies
PICCS – ENCS: Complies
IECSC – AICS: Complies
KECL: Complies
TSCA: -
DSL/NDSL: -
ENCS: -

- : Not listed/Determines

Legend

TSCA - United States Toxic Substances Control Act Section 8(b) Inventory
DSL/NDSL - Canadian Domestic Substances List/Non-Domestic Substances List
EINECS/ELINCS - European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances/European
List of Notified Chemical Substances
PICCS - Philippines Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances
ENCS - Japan Existing and New Chemical Substances
IECSC - China Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances
AICS - Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances KECL
- Korean Existing and Evaluated Chemical Substances

Page 3
 CONCLUSION

Here, I have come to the end of the project. I would like to share my experience
while doing this project. I learn many new things about unit operations and unit
processes; carried in Acephate production plant, safety measures taking during
working hours in industry and it was a wonderful learning experience for me while
working with UPL UNIT-2.

Through the internship I learn many new concept and application. It has developed
my thinking skills, problem solving ability and communication skills. It was a great
opportunity to improve my personal and professional skills. However, I do think
that there are some aspects of the job that I could have done better and that I need
to work on.

From the internship I understand that safety plays a major role in an industry. Also
understand the arrangement and application of the equipments. The Quality
checking of raw material and final product is also important to achieve the
customer satisfaction and specification.

It helps me to correlate the theoretical knowledge in real/practical life. Through

the industrial training I found that several things are important like analytical
thinking, time management & goal management.

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REFERENCES

• https://www.upl-ltd.com
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPL_(company)
• https://sustainability.uplonline.com/occupation-health
• https://www.business-standard.com/company/upl-
2461/information/company-history
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acephate
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=
https://vn.uplonline.com/download-
file/Acephate%252097%2520DF%2520%2520MSDS.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwi
50KHGpdGAAxWU1zgGHTPOBcYQF
noECB4QAQ&usg=AOvVaw2zPV77xURH1QU6QzYn_nqE
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloromethane
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfide
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_acetate
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_anhydride
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid

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