Chapter

Current Electricity
3
ST Introduction, 3.2 Electric Current
1. Define electric current. Mention its SJ. uni.
Ans: Curent s defned as the rale of flow of charge (free clectrons.

Q=ne

The S.l unt of electic curent is armpere (A).

2. Define instantaneous electric current through a conductor.
flow of charge (AO) lo
ARS: Instantaneous electric curent through a conductor is defined as ratio of net al (A) as Ar tend1ng to z
time interv
BCrOss asection ofa conductor in a smal interval of time (A) to the

I)=
3, Define stendy carrent in a conductor.
flowing across the area in the lorward direction
As: It is defined as time ratio of fow of net amount of charge

4. What constitutes electric current?

ARS: Electric charges in moion constitute an electric current.
5. Givethe S.I. unit of electric current.
Ans: S.L unit of current is ampere (A).
of one milli ampere?
6. How mnany dectrons per sccond constitute a current
Ans: We have J ne
10x
=6-25x 10 electrons.
1-6x10
7. Is electrkc current a scalar or vector quantity?
Ans: 1 is a scalar quantity.
8. What does the direction of electric current signify in an electric circuit?
direction of flow of positive charges
Ans: The direction of conventional current in an electric circuit tells the
that circuit.
II PUPhys
Student's Whaminator
 Jeevth Publicathons

What is the conventional irection of low of current?

conventonal drection of
9.
ABS: Thc
electrc cument is the drection in which positive charge would move. The
conventional direction of current is from a point of higher potential Ito apoint of lower potential.
What is one ampere of current in a conductor?
10.
one ampere if one coulomb of charge flows per second through
current through aconductor is said to be
ARS: 1 he
any cross section of the conductor.

Write the relation between coulomb and ampere.

Ans: 14=1g

3.3 Electric Currents in Conductors

12. What is the net low of electric charges in any direction inside the soid conductor?
Ans: Zero.

13. Define free electron density of a conductor.

ne: kis defined as number of free electrons present in unit volume of the conductor.
14. What is the net charge conducted across any section at zero potential difference?
Ans: Zero.

I5. Name the current carriers in metals or solid conductors.

Ans: Free electrons.

16. Name the current carriers in electrolytic solutions or liquid conductors.

Ans: lons.

17. Name the current carriers in discharge tubes or gaseous conductors.

Ans: Free electrons.
18. Name the mobile charge carriers in metals and electrolytes.
Ans: Negatively charged free clectrons in metals. Positive and negatively charged ions in electrolytic solutions.
19. Even though there is large number of electrons in metals, the net electric current is zero in the absence
of electric field. Explain.
Ans: In the absence of electric field, the electrons are moving due to thermal motion during which they collide
with fixed ions. The direction of velocity after collision is completely random. Because of the randomness,
the number of electrONs travelling in any direction will be equal to the nunber of electrons travelling in the
opposite direction. So, there will be no net electric current.
20. In the nature where do the free charged particles exist?
Ans: The free charged particles exist in the upper strata of atmosphere called ionosphere.
3.4 Ohm's Law
21. State Ohm's law and explain. (M-2017, J-2018, A-2022/
Ans: It states that "he potential diferences across the ends of the conductor is directly proportional to current
flowing through the conductor provided temperature and other physical conditions remains constant".
Consider a conductor of length () maintained at a potential differences (V) carrying a current (1).

V= RI
R’ proportionality constant

Student's illuminator
I| PU Physice
Current Electncity

R
R’ resistance of conductor
22. Mention the unit of resistance in S.I. system.
Ans: The unit of resistance in S.I. system is ohm ($2).
23.
Ans: Define
Resistance is defined
resistance and asalso
thedefine
amount of of
unit opposition offered by the conductor to the flow of electrons, within
resistance.
of conductor to the current.
uie conductor, ratio of potential ifference between the ends
Resistance of the conductor is said to be one ohm, when the potential difference of one volt produces the

current of one ampere.

upon. (J-2019)
24, Name the factors on which the resistance of the conductor depends
Ans: (1) Length: Resistance of the conductor is directly proportional to its length.
Ral area of cross-section.
(1) Area of cross section: Resistance of the conductor is inversely proportional to

Roc
A

..Rc
RA
where, p’ resistivity
A
25. Mention the relation between the resistance and resistivity?
R=,where l-’ length of the conductor
Ans: 1he resistance 'R of aconductor is given by
resistivity of the material of the conductor.
A’area of cross section of the conductor and p ’
J-2018, M-2019)
26. Define resistivity of the material.
Resistivity of the material is defined as the amount of opposition offered by the conductor to the flow of
Ans:
electrons of unit area of cross-section and unit length.
27. Mention the unit of resistivity in S.I. system.
Ans: S.I unit of resistivity is ohm metre (2m).
28. On what factors does resistivity of a conductor depends?
Ans: i) Nature of material of the conductor.
(ii) Temperature of the conductor
(ii) Presence of impurities.
29. Define the term current density ).
normal to the direction of current.
Ans: It is defned as the electric current () per unit area (A) taken

i.., j= A
30. What is the S.L unit of current density?
Ans: ampere per metre (Am
31, Is current density a scalar or a vector quantity?
Ans: It is a vector quantity.
II PUPhysics
Studert's illuminator
 Jeevith Publications
87
Define electrical conductivity
32.
Ans: I is the ability of conductor to conduct current. It is the ratio of current density to the electric field which
causes the flow of current.
What is the average velocity of free electrons in a metal at
33.
Ans: 10ms! room temperature?
What is the effect of
relaxation time of electrons on the conducting of a metal?
34. of a metal is directly
The conducting
Ans: proportional to the relaxation time.
35.
Derive the relation between current density and conductivity of aconductor. OR Derive j=GE DY
using ohm's law.
Ans: Consider a conductor of length / carrying a current I with area of cross-section 'A.J-2017]
According to ohm's law:

A
V VA
l=
p p!
A

A pl

but =j ’ current density

=E’ electric field

j=-E where
j= GE o= conductivity
36. State another equivalent form of ohm's law in terms of current density and
conductivity and explain
the ternms.
Ans: J =GE
Where J is the current density.
s is the conductivity.
E is the applied electric field.
37. Mention the relation between current density and conductivity in vector form.
Ans: The current density j and conductivity 's are related by j= oE

3.5 Drift of Electrons and Origin of Resistivity

38 What do you mean by drift of electrons?
Ans: In a conductor, when an electric field is established, the free electrons start moving randomly in the
irection
opposite to electric field E.This phenomenon is known as drift of electrons. The net transport of charge in a
conductor is due to drift of electrons.

Student's illuminator PU Physics

 CunetEleccly -2014, M-2014, J-2020/
Aas: Tc average veloct th wbxch the froe electrons drit towards the positve cod of a conductor (opposte to
Define drit velecty.
velocity.
s caled drift
the eiocn feid) nder the nfucooe of clectnc ficld
electroms in a coeductar. (M-2016, J-2016,., A-2022)
Ans: Nben a conductor is cOmectedto a bettery,
velecity of an
free cloctrie fickd is esabltshed inssde dhe conductor N Now fro
Derve mesprsloa tor drit
..(1)
electrons ill exrorHonce aorce F-E
mass of eiectron

..(2)

The drifi velocity can be gven by r, *at

whes trela atsoo tume

speed of electroas ia a metallic conductor?

.What s tb effect of temperature on the drift
As: The dnf pced decreascs with inreasc in temperature.
42. Deine rlasatea time or mean free time. or ions in the conducte
The average tme beween two successive collisons of an eiectron with ixed atoms
AN:
B alled relaxaton time.

43. Ou what facters does drift velocity depend?

Ans: Dnft velocity depends on
(a) electric field in the conductor (b) relaxation time.
IM-2014, J2015, M-2017, J-201, J-2020/
M. Define eertron mobility. (E)
As: Mobility (u) s defined the magnitude of drnft velocity (v) per urnit electric field

|-2017|
45. Mestion the S.I. unt of mobllty.
Ans: The SI unt of electron mobility is m'y'
46. Write the epreuion for mobillty in terms of
reiaxation time.

An: Mob1lity =
47. How does nobility of charge vary with mas?
As: Mobility of charge varies inversely with mass.
48. Name we materinls whose resistivity decreases with the
rise in temperature.
As: Gemenum and slioon.

HPUPhysis
Sudent ntor
 Jeevith Publrations
A Disttngukshbetween resistance and resistivity.

Resistance
No. Resistivity
The opposition offered by a
1.
flow of clectrnc current through, it. conductor to he The
resistance of unrt cube of the material of a
conductor is called resistivity.
Resistance depends on
and area of cross-section.
dimensions Lc., length
Resistivity of a conductor depends on the nature
of material but is independent of the dimensions
S.l. unit is ohm (52)
3. S.l unit is ohm mcter (2-m)

Note:
) A device used to offer resistance is called resistor.

Circuit symbol offresistor

(u)
R
www
e material whose
50. resistivity decreases with the rise of temperature.
ARS: Semi-conductor
How does resistance of an insulator change with
The resistance of an insulator decreases with the
temperature?
increase in temperature.
10 and 52 resistors are connected in series, if the rate of flow of charge in 352 resistor is 5A, What s
the rate of flow of charge in 5 resistor?
Ans: SA

et Why the resistance of a conductor increase with rise in

temperature?
Ang: With increase of temperature, the relaxation time of free
electrons decreases, the drift velocity also decreases
and hence resistance of conductor increases.
Derive the relation between current and drift velocity.
Aas Consider a conductor of length / area A containing n number
of frce electrons.
M N
Volume of the conductor =Area x length
y-Ax|
Number of free elcctron in this volume =ndl
Number of charges neAl
Q nedl
We know that

neAl
I .(1)

Sudent's uminator n PU Piyscs

 daterY v v e l

.2)

Derve a spresio le prove Ohm's law.

An: Conaider acondutor of length maintained at apotential ditferenceV' ca inga carent "T

but

Fron nelatian between Eand

(3)

Substituting (2) in (!)

ml.

Lot

#PUPh
 pefaecoaductance.
AM8: Roprxal.of resistanNE s called condus tanxe

Meotionunit of conductance in Si
57.
Aas: Slunit of(condutanxe is siemen (S) systen,
Define conductivity.
Reciproxal of resintivty is called
AMs:
SI unit of conductivity s siemen per connductivity
metre Sm
Derive the expression for
conductivity
in terms of resistivlty using Ohm's aw.
Considcr a Conductor carrying a curentT with thc potential P-2015, J-2018, M-2020|
Ans:
diflerence V Let the velx ity of cectrns be
.()
hut
...(2)
use (2) in()

| neA

ne 4E
.3)

From clectrostatics,
E
.4)
use (4) in (3)
ne'A
ml
ml
ne At
ml
ne At
mt
ne At

but R

m/ p/

net

net

Shudent's lununator # PU Phcs

Current Electrcty
92
but

ne't

60. Write the expression for resistivity in terms of number density and relaxation time.

Ans: Resistivity, p=
where n is the nunnber density.
T is the relaxation tine.

3.6 Linitations of Ohm's Law

61. Write the linnitations of Ohms law. 1J-2014, M-2015, J-2015, J-2019, M-2020)
Ans: () tis not applicable at very high and very low temperatures.
(ii) iis not applicable to electron tubes and discharge tubes.
(ii) It is applicable for metallicconductors.
62. What are ohmic devices? [J-2017)
Ans: Devices which obey ohm's law are called obmic devices.
Example: Voltmeter, Ammeter, Galvanometer
63. What are non-ohmic devices?
Ans: Devices which do not obey ohm's law are called non-ohmic devices.
Example: Electrontubes, discharge tubes, semiconductors, transistor etc.
3.7 Resistivity of Various Materials
64. Name the materials which have least and highest resistivities.
Ans: Conductors/metals have least resistivity and insulators have highest resistivity.
an ascending order.
65. Arrange conductors, insulators and semiconductors based on their resistivity
Ans: PsomstnAcondacht Pinsuator
66. Mention the range of resistivity of metals.
Ans: The resistivity of the metals in the range of 10 Qm to 10 Qm
67. Name the materials whose resistivity lies between conductors and insulators.
Ans: Semiconductors.

68. Give eramples to the însulator.

Ans: Cerarnie, rubber and plastics.
69. How do you decrease the resistivity of the semiconductors?
Ans: By increasing temperature and by adding the suitable impurities.

IIPU Phye
Studenf's Aluminator
 Jeevith Publications

Temperature
Dependence Resistivity
Graphically represent the variation of
of
resistivity of (a)
nichronme (alloy) (b) copper (metals)
cm)
(2
Resistivity (10m)
Resistivity J-2018, M-2020, A-2022]
Ans:
)

Temperature T()
Temperature T()

Graphically represent the variation of resistivity of asemiconductor with

temperature. [M-2020]
Ans:
Resistivity

Temperature
72. How does resistivity of conductor vary with temperature?
Ans: Resistivity of a conductor increases with the increase of itemperature.
What happens to the resistivity of a conductor when the temperature is increased?
Ans: Increases.
4. How does the resistivity of a semiconductor vary with
temperature?
Ans: Decreases with the increase of temperature.
1%. Mention the expression for the variation of resistivity of a
conductor with temperature.
Ans: p=P.[1+ a(T-1,)]
where P, = resistivity at temperature To

p=resistivity at temperature T
a=temperature co-efficient of resistivity
76. What are the characteristics of heating elements?
Ans: (a) They should have high resistivity
(b) They should have high melting point. Example: Tungsten
77, What are the characteristics of a fuse wire?
Ans: (a) It should haye high
resistivity
(b) It should have low melting point
VMention the materials used in the construction of standard resistors.
Ans: Manganin and constantan.
Student's itluminator | PUPhysics
 resistors. Why?
Curent Electielty wound
standard
used in the wire
79, Manganin and constantan Rre little withten1penturo. resistivityis very high.
Ans: Because their resistaneo change Very negligible andtheir
resistivity is
The temperature co-efficient of
Power
3.9 Electrical Energy an
elcctriccurrentin
80. Define electrical energy and
electrical power.
anmount of vork
donein
maintaining an
source in maintaining an clcleectctrriiccal circuj
Ans: Electrical energy Sthe total
which electrical work is
doue by a curTen
Electrical power is the rate at
and electrical power?
y
81, between electrical energy
What is the relation
Ans: P or EM

andresistance,
power interms of current
82. Mention the expresion for
but V = lR
Ans: P=n
P=l'R
resistor by the passage of an electric current through i.
in a
83. for heat developed
Obtain the expressionresistance across a battery, let V
and V are potentials
across h
R is connected
Ans: When a conductor of interval Arthen
flowinginthetime
resistor. If Ag is the amount of charge A R B

I or Ag =Iat ..(1)
A I
Potential energy of charge Ag at 4 =V,Aq
Potential energy of charge Aq at B=V,q
Change in potential energy AU =(V,-V) Aq equal to gain in kinetic energy
AK.
energy AU=-VAg is
Now the decrease in potential
AK = VAg
AK =VIÀt
in the conductor.
This will appear in the form of heat energy appear
do not accelerate but move with constant drift velocity v. The increase of
Because charges
the formn of heat.
AW=VIAt
.. Heat generated
AW
.:. Power dissipated P= At

Rate of hcat dissipated is power . P=I

transmitted at high yoltage and low current why:
84. For long distance transmission, electric power is
transmission cable.
Ans: IfR is the resistance of

IIPUPhysë
Student's iluminetor
 Jeevith Publlcations
IfVisthe p.d. applied and 7is the current then P=
VI. I
Thepower wasted in the cable is

P= p'R

Since power loss x Thereforc: at high voltage and low

current the transmission loss is minimised.
3.10 Cells, EME, Internal Resistance
85. Define internal resistance of a cell.
0.T is the opposition offered by the material of
electrolyte of the cell to the flow of current through it.
O what factors does the internal
86. resistance depends?
Ans: It depends on (a) temperature of electrolyte (b) concentration of electrolyte
(c) area of clectrodes in
electrolyte (d) nature of electrolytes
87. Define emf of a cell.
Ane: It is defined as the amount of work done in
transferring a unit positive chbarge round the circuit in which the
cell is connected. OR
Emf of a cell is defincd as the potential difference
between the electrodes of a cell when the cell is in open
circuit.

88. Define the term p.d. of a cell.

Ans: It is defined as the potential difference between the two
electrodes of a cell in a closed circuit.
89, Mention the relation between terminal p.d.
and emf of a cell.
Ans: V =E-Ir

where V= terminal p.d, E= emf, I= current, r= internal

resistance
90. Derive an expression for current through an external
resistance.
Ans: Consider an external resistor is connected to a cell of emf E and
internal resistance r,
IfI is the current in circuit, then
R
E=V+I

E=IR+Ir
E=1(R+r)

E,r
R+r

Student's illuminator I PU Physics

Curent EBecncity 2 find
A ccd coesected aross a resistor of 9 he
f caf

Ans:
2V md iteral
potentil iferece of the cel.
ER 2x9
rsistuce 1 Q
terTnig
R+r9 V
nswer.
2. s cel?Jstify your
termind Ipeteutial diflerence equalto the eaf ofs whenthe cel is the open
circuit
Ans The terminal enf of a cell onty
CUrrent potential
is drawn from the cel Wben
ifference to is drawn fom a cell terminal potential differeneeeis less th
a Cugent
is equal

caf of a cel.

S.11 Cells in Series and Parallel Combination

93. Wbat is a battery?
Ans: A batery is a coubinztion of cels.
When the cells are said to be in series cobinstiom? next cell, then
As: If he negative tesnal of one cell is consected to the positive terniral of the cells are say
be cosnected in senes
resistance, when cells are
5. Derive the expressios for equivalet EMF adequivalest nternal
in eries. (J-2020)connecte

Consider two cels of eunf E, and E and internal resistance r and r cormected n sernes. Let VV, and t
be the potentials at poíts A, Band Crespectivety.
Potential diference between positive and negative terminals of the first cell
V =V,-V, -E-h ...(1)
cell
Simlarty potential difference between positive and pegative terminals of the second
Vx=- =E,-I; ...2)
Hence potential difference between the points A and Cis
V=V,-Y=V,-)+V,-Y)
=(E,-I)+(E -h,)
=(E,+E,)-I; +r) .(3)
If the combination of cells is replaced by a single cell of emf E and internal resistance Teg between te
points
A and C then
Ve=E,-, ..4)
Comparing (3) and (4)
E =E +E, ..5)
and = th ...(6)
Hence. O The equivalent enf of aseies combination of ncells is equal to suna of the individual emis.
II PU Physt
Studen' minator
 Jeevth Puolicatons
()theequivalentinternal resistance of aseries combination is equal tosum of the internal resistances.
are in series, what is the of the
WhentwO cells
AnS:
96. Whentwo cells are in series, the emf of theemf combination?
combination is equal to the sum of the ind1vidual emfs.
Wrítethe expression for equivaleat emf when two cells of emf Ei and Ez connected in series.
AnS: E =E+E.
91.

Write the expression for equivalent emf when two cells of emf Ei and Ez connected in series such that
98. negativeeelectrode of Ei to negative electrode of Ez.
ARS: E
=E,-E, if E, >E,
Write the expression for equivalent emf of 'n' cells each of emf E connected in series.
99.
AnS: E =nE

100. Give the expression for equivalent internal resistance of n cells each of internal resistance
connected in series.
Ans:e
101. When the cells are said to be connected in parallel?
Ans: Ifthe nositive terminals of all the cells are connected at one point and negative terminals are conected at
other point then, cells are said to be connected in paralel.
102. Derive the expression for equivalent EMF and equivalent internal resistance when cells are connected
in parallel. [M-2019]
Ans: Consider two cells of emf E, and E, and internal resistance r and connected between two commoOn points
Aand C.
E

Let I, and I, be the currents leaving the positive electrodes of the cells of emfs E, and E, respectively and I
be the main current.
Then, at the junction B,
I=I,+1, ...(1)
Potential ifference across the terminals of the first cell

...2)
Potential diference across the teminals of the second celI
V=%-V, E,-I,
..(3)
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1)
Student's illumínator II PUPhysics
Current Electicty

Multiplying cach term by

...(4)

internal resiStance req:

the combination of cells is renlaced single cell of emf Eeg and
Then ...(5)
V=E-I¡
Comparing equations (4) and (5)
E +E,r ...6)

and ...(7)

further 111

and

103, Distinguish between terminal potential difference and emfof a cell.

Ans:

SI. emf
No. Terminal potential difference
It is the potential difference between the It is the potential difference between the clectrodesi
1. electrodes of a celI in a closed circuit (when a cel when no current is drawn from the d
curent is drawn from the cel). Represented by V. Represented by E.
2. It cannot be greater than emf. tis always greater than terminal potential differenc:
3. Depends on external resistance. Independent of external resistance.

Studet's lIluminator IIPU Phs

 Jeevith Publications

99 electric network?
Whatisan
104. Combination circuit elements electrical
and sources of emf
connected in complicated manner is called
Ans:network.

3.12 Kirchhoff's Rules

node and
mesh of electrical network.
Define w
Node is a point where more than two conductors meet.
105.

Ans:(i)(ii) Meshor aloop is closed path of an electrical network.

J06. State Kirchhoff's current law (KCI) state Kirchhoff's junction. - NODE
(J-2017, M-2018)
Ans: It states that the algebraic sum of currents at anode is equal to zero.
Explanation:
1,+1, +(-1,) +(-1) =0
1,+1,-}-l, =0
1,+1,=l, +l,
Sum of the current entering the node is equal to sum of current leaving the node.
Whattis the significance of Kirchhoff's current law?
107.
Ans: The significance of Kirchhoffs current law is that it explains thelaw of conservation of charges.
108. State Kirchhoff's voltage law(KVL) State Kirchboff's loop rule. [M-2018]
ne It states that the algebraic sum of IR products is equal to algebraic sum of EMF present in the
various branches of a closed circuit.

Explanation:
Apply KVL to the mesh ABCA
+I,R +1,R, -1,R =E +E, -E,

109. What is significance of Kirchhoff's voltage law? (or) What is the significance of Kirchhoff's loop rule?
Ans: The significance of Kirchhoff's voltage law is it explains the law of conservation of energy.
3.13 Wheat Stone Bridge
110. What is a Wheatstone's network?
Ans: It is a device of four resistances and is used to measure one of the resistances in terms of other three
resistances.
111, Derive the expression for balance condition for Wheat stones network.
J-2014, M-2016, J-2016, M-20I7, J-2019, A-2022]
Ans:
using KCL, At A, I=1+l, ..(1)
At B, ,-l +l, ...2)
Student's illumínator I| PU Physics
Current Electicity
At D, ...(3)
I,+1, =l,
Apply KVL to the mesh ABDA
1,R + lgG- 1,R, =0 ...(4)
Apply KVL to the mesh BCDB
...(5) B
1,R -1,R,-IgG=0
For balanced condition Ig =0
Eq. (2) becomes
I,=1, ..(6)
Eq. (3) becomes
s..(7)
1, =1,
Eq. (4) becomes
I,R-I,R, =0
...(8)
Eq. (S) becomes D.

1R,-1,R,=0
I,R, =I,R ..9)

(8)+ (9 )
I,R R,
From (6) and (7)
R R

R R
112, WWrite the balancing condition for Wheatstone's network.
M-2014, J-2015)
Ans: KR
R, R
113. WWhat happens to the balancing condition of a balanced Wheatstone's network, if the galvanometer

replaced by a voltmeter of resistance 5000 S?

Ans: Balanced condition remains unchanged.
of other emf
n a balanced Wheatstone?'s network. if galvanometer of other resistance and the cell
114.
connected. Will the network is still balanced?
Ans: Yes the network is still balanced. Because balancing of network is independent of resistance of galvanome.
as well as emf of the cell.
Wheatstone's network, if the position of galvanometer a
115. What happens to the balancing condition of
battery are interchanged?
Ans: Balanced condition remains unchanged.
Wheatstone Tmetwork.
116. Name the device which works on the principle of
Ans: Metre bridge.
by the internal resistance of the cell?
117. s the balance point of Wheatstone network affected
resistance of the cell.
Ans: Balanced condition does not depend upon the internal
I PUPhs
Student's lluminator
 Jeevith Publlcations

Using Kirchhoff'ssjunction rule for the node A1,

+1, =l
Using Kirchhoff's loop rule for the closed loop
101 +1, =2 ------(1) ARBEA,
Using Kirchhofr's loop rule for the closed loop
107+ 2/, =4 ARBE,A,
But , =(-)
:. 101 +2(1-) =4
121-21,=4-------(2)
Solving (1) and (2)
(107 +7, =2)2
12/-21, =4
8
32/ =8l= =0.25 A
32
p.d. across 10 S2 resistor V = IR =0.25 x10=2.5

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. In an electrical circuit, the direction of flow of current is
(a) from lower potential to a higher potential
eY fromhigher potential to a lower potential
(yindependent of potential between two points
(d) depends only length and area of cross section of the conductor
2. The relation connecting potential difference (V), strength of the current (1) and resistance of the
conductor is
(a) I= VR Aoj l=V/R (c) I=R/V (d) R=I/V
3. The current density
(a) is a scalar and its unit is Am (b) is a scalar and its unit is Am3
(c) is a vector ånd its unit is Am ayis a vector and its unit is Am?
4. If length and area of a cross section of a conductor are doubled then its resistance will be
(aYunchanged (b) halved (c) doubled (d) quadrupled
5. The drift velocity does not depend upon
cross section of the wire by length of the wire
(c) number of free electrons (d) magnitude of the current
6. A metal wire is subjected to a constant potential difference. When the temperature of the metal wire
increases, the drift velocity of the electrons in it
(a) increases, thermal velocity of electrons increases (b) decreases, thermal velocity of electrons increases
(c) increases, thermal velocity of electrons decreases (d) decreases, thermal velocity of electrons decreases
7. The relaxation time in conductors
Uincreaseswith the increase of temperature
(oj decreases with the increase of temperature
(c) it is independent of temperature
(a) increases, linearly upto critical temperature and then decreases exponentially

Student's illurminator II PUPhysics

 Current Electricty
8. Mobility of electrons ls is m'y
's!
ficld and its unit
ke drift velocity per unit clectric m'sVl
its unit
(b) drift velocity per unit current andits unit.is m'y
'
unit voltage and ism'sy
(c) drifi velocity per field and its unit
(d) drift velocity per unit electric good
conductor
for a
9. Whsch of the following represent V-I graph
(c)

depends on its A) material

material of a conductor
10, The resistivity of the section (c) mass of the resistor
(b) area ofcross the tolerance
(a) length resistor, what is (d)+20%
in a colour code (c) t10%
11. If the fourth band is not present t
(b) +5% different
(a) 0%
versustemperature of three materia)
resistivity
12. The following graph represent the variation
P

Lm
m

T
T

(a)

and
semi-conductor
The materials are koj copper, nichrome
nichrome
(a) nichrome, copper and semi-conductor (d) coppe, semiconductor,
(c) semi-conductor, nichrome, copper standard resistors because they possess
wire wound
constantan are widely used in
13. manganin and temperature co-efficient of resistance
(a) high resistivity and high
temperature co-efficient of resistance
(b) low resistivity and low
temperature co-efficient of resistance
)high resistivity and low temperature co-efficient of resistance
(d) low resistivity and high
of electrical power
14. Which of the following is not the unit second (c) watt tdf joule-ampere
(a) volt-ampere (6) joule per
is
high power transmission lines at high voltage and low current. This
through
15. Power is transmitted power loss
(a) to increase the transmission
loss
bj to decrease the transmission power
time
(c) to decrease the transmission
power transmission
(d) to maintain constant frequency during
statenent
16. Which of the following is a correct
the squar root of strength of the current
(a) heat produced in a conductor varies directly as
the strength of the current
(b)heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as
of the strength of the current
(o heat produced in a conductor varies dírectly as the square
the strength of the current
(d) heat produced in the conductor varies inversely as the square of

II PU Physics
Studernt's illuminator
 Wheatstone'y
In s
4.galvanometer will hridge if the
battery and Jeevth Publcatons
atnotehange
(c))
changein opposite direction galvanometer are Interchanged
(b)
then the defleetion in
(d) change
in
J8.
For
whlch Af the
following ependences of
none of prevjous
these direction
drift velocity ya on elecdric fleld Es ohm's law obeyed?
(b) v, E
WIthincrease in
(c) v, VE (d) v, uE
19. metals t
increases andemperat
of ure, the conductivity of
increascssemiandconduct ors decreases
(a)
semiconductors
of metals
(c)in both metals and decreases
semi
(d)inboth metals and c onduct o rs increases
semiconductors decreases
coverts
20, A battery energy into
(a) electrical, mechanical
21. The unit of emf (electro bychemi
motive
cal, electrical energy
(c) electrical,
chemical (d) kinetic, electrical
(a)N (b) Nm
force)
of a cell is
22. The intternal resistance of an ideal cell is (d) Vm
(a}zero
(c) between 0 and 0.5 O (b) between 0 and 0.1 2
(d) infinite
23. The current drawn from a cell is
(ayR=0 (b) R<r
maximum, when
(c) R>r
24. The internal resistance of a cell is (d) R =r
the resistance of
(a) electrodes of the cell
(eyelectrolyte used in the cell (b) dimensions of the
(d) material of the
electrodes of the cell
ae If fwo identical cell ofE
and internal resistance r each are
electrode of the cell
and equivalent internal resistance is connected in series, then the equivalent emf
(a) E. 2r b2E, 2r (c) E, r (d) 2E, r
26, In parallel combination of n cells, we
obtain
(a) more voltage (b) less voltage e more current (d) less current
27, When two cells of emf E, and
E, and internal resistance r and r;
equivalent emf and equivalent internal resistance of the are connected in parallel, the
combination is
(a) Ecg =E, +Ez;Cq =,+,
(b) Eg
En+E,.; Teg (a) Eeq E +Esh.
28. Kirchhoffs junction rule is based on the law of
(a) energy conservation of
(b} charge (c) momentum (d) momnentum and energy
29. Kirchhoffs loop rule is based on the law of
conservation of
(alenergy (b) mass (c) charge (d) charge and energy
JU, Which of the following statement is wrong regarding
(a) ratio of the resistances in the two adjacent arms is balanced wheatstone's bridge
equal
(b) current through the galvanometer is zero

Student's illurminator IIPU Physics

 Curent Electriolty
opposte armsisequal
(c) product of the resistance in the
amsis equal networkis
(dyratio of the resistances in the two opposite balanced wheatstones
31. The device which is based on the principle of (b)potentiometer andpotentiometer
bridge
kej ineter bridge (d) both meter
(c) moving coil galvanometer unbalanced when
32. Abalanced wheatstone's bridge goes
another of higher resistance
(a) the galvanometer is replaced by
(b) the cell is replaced by another of higher emi
and the cell are interchanged
(C) the galvanometer arms in
interchanged
()the resistances in one of the adjacent
cell is (e potentiometer (d) meter bridge
33. The device used to measure the emf of a
(b) voltameter band ofthe
(a) voltmeter
Q.The colour of the first resistor is
12x10+10% (d) silver
34. The resistance of a carbon resistoris © brown
(a) green (b) black
appropriate word from those
Fill in the blanks by choosing the
given in the brackets: Set- 1
decreases)
relaxation time, energy,
zero, cell,
free electrons
the drift velocity of
1. With the increase in temperature, called
two successive collision is
2. The average time interval between any
into electrical energy is
3. The device which converts chemical energy of
law of conservation
4. Kirchhoff's loop rule is based on the principle of
is
wheatstone's network the current through the galvanometer
5. In a balanced
Set- 2
density, ohm, zero)
(mobility, electric field, current

1. The SI unit of resistance is

along
2. The current density is also directed
galvanometeris
balanced current through the
3. Ifthe wheatstone bridge is
4. Current per unit area is called
velocity per unit electric field
5. The magnitude of the drift

I PUPhys
Student's iluminator
 12 3
b
Answer keys (MCas)
b
6
10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 d b
21 22
C 23 25 26 27 29 30
C 28
31 32 33 34 C
b
|ad C C

Answer keys (Fillin The

1. decreases 2. relaxation time Set 1 Blanks)
3. cell
4. energy 5. zero

Set 2
1. ohm 2.electric field
3. zero 4. curret density 5. Mob1lity

Higher Order Thinking Skills

In the absence
of
electric field, the mean velocity
(HOTS)
1. of free
temperature T is electrons in a conductor at absoiute
(a) zero
(b) independent of
(Tproportional to temperature
(d) proportional to T
The drift velocity of free electrons in a
2.
radius of the wire andthe current are
conducting wire is v when a current I is flowing in it If both the
doubled, then drift velocity will be
(a) v

3 The resistivity of a material is inversely proportional to

Ðnumber density of electrons as well as
relaxation time
(b) number density of electrons and directly
(c) relaxation time and directly proportioral to relaxation time
proportional to the
(d) neither relaxation time nor number density of number density of electrons
electrons
4 The V-I graph for a conductor at
proportional to temperatures T, and I, is as shown in the figure. (T; - I) is

(a) cos 20 D sin 29 t cot 20 (d) tan 29

5. The current through a resistance changes by
1%. What is the percentage change in voltage across
(a) 0.5% (b0% i?
(d) 4%
6.
Acopper wire of length / is stretched slowBy to double its
(a) lts resistance and resistivity increases length
(b) Its resistance and resistivity decreases
k) lts resistance increases resistivity remains same d) lts
resistance increases resistivity decreases

Student's ithuminator
HPU Physics
Current Electicity
7. The masses of the three wires of copper are in the ratio of 1:3:5, And their lengths
14
are in the
5:3:1. The ratio of their electrical resistances is ratio of
(a) 1:3:5 (b) 5:3:1 (c) 1:15: 125 (N25:15:1
8. Potential difference across A and Bis
32

SV, 22
(a) SV (b) 3 V (c) 2V
9. An ammeter and voltmeter are joined in series to a cell. The readings are x and y respectively. If a
resistance is joined in parallel with voltmeter
(a) bothx and y will increase (b) both x and y will decrease
(c) x will decrease and y will increase (a) x will increase and y willdecrease

10. The condition of balance for a Wheatstone's network shown in the figure i s . I f the galvanometer
QS
and the battery are interchanged, the new condition balance will be
B

Battery
P R P R
(b) (c) PQ=RS (d)
SQ QS

Answer keys (HOTS)

|12 33 4 5 6 78 9 10
b a C b C d d d a