Smt. N.D.J.A Vivekananda Vidyalaya Sr. Sec School VYASARPADI NAME: Shibam Maji CLASS: XIA ROLL NO: 11118 TOPIC : Biology Project ( Diseases ) DISEASE - Laryngeal Cancer 10f13TABLE OF CONTENT: NO TOPIC Pg 1 WHAT IS CANCER 2 WHAT IS THROAT CANCER 3 THROAT CANCER A DETAILED EXPLAINATION 4 CASE STUDY 5 SURVEYS 6 CURE WAYS 7 METHODES TO AVOID THROAT CANCER 8 THINGS TO DO 9 EDIBILITY 10 | CONCLUSION WHAT IS CANCER: 20f13Cancer is a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and multiply (through a process called cell division) to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. HOW DOES CANCER CELLS DIFFER FROM NORMAL CELLS: * Growin the absence of signals telling them to grow. Normal cells only grow when they receive such signals. + Ignore signals that normally tell cells to stop dividing or to die (a process known as programmed cell death, or apoptosis). * Invade into nearby areas and spread to other areas of the body. Normal cells stop growing when they encounter other cells, and most normal cells do not move around the body. HOW DOES CANCER DEVELOPS : Cancer is a genetic disease—that is, it is caused by changes to genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide. WHAT IS THROAT CANCER: 30f13Throat cancer refers cancer that develops in your throat (pharynx) or voice box (larynx). Your throatis a musculartube that begins behind your nose and ends in your neck. Throat cancer most often begins in the flat cells that line the inside of your throat. Your voice box sits just below your throat and also is susceptible to throat cancer. The voice box is made of cartilage and contains the vocal cords that vibrate to make sound when you talk. # HOW DOES THROAT CANCER HAPPENS: Throat cancer happens when something triggers changes in the genetic makeup of cells in your throat. This change turns healthy throat cells into cancerous cells that grow and multiply. Researchers are investigating what triggers this change. « SYMPTOMS OF THROAT CANCER: * Acough ‘© Changes in your voice, such as hoarseness or not speaking clearly * Difficulty swallowing * Earpain Alump or sore that doesn't heal * Asore throat * Weight loss THROAT CANCER A DETAILED EXPLAINATION : 40f13Throat cancer, a type of head and neck cancer, can be found in the pharynx or larynx. It most often affects cells, or thin, flat cells that line the surface of these organs. The majority of people diagnosed with throat cancer are tobacco users and/or alcohol consumers. In recent years, an increasing number of cases of throat cancer are being diagnosed in people with certain viral infections . CASE STUDY: 50f13‘A 60-year-old man who had been experiencing hoarseness for 2 months was diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. The pathologic diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma in situ, based on examination of a biopsy specimen obtained by resection of the lesion. The patient had been exposed to asbestos for 38 years at construction sites where he worked until diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. He had been exposed to asbestos when demolishing buildings and inspecting materials. The patient in this case worked with construction materials including asbestos and supervised construction for 38 years, and was thus exposed to asbestos at construction sites, Much of the asbestos was highly concentrated especially during demolition processes. We therefore consider the laryngeal cancer of this patient to be a work- related disease . Occupational causes of laryngeal cancer include asbestos which is a representative carcinogen, long term exposure to inorganic dust at workplaces and working in rubber manufacturing SURVEY ACROSS THE GLOBE : 6 of 13Globally, laryngeal cancer has an ASR of 1.0 per 100 000 persons in mortality. In terms of the geographical distribution, the Caribbean region (ASR=2.1) had the highest mortality rate, doubling the global average, followed by Central and Eastern Europe (ASR=1.9), and South-Central Asia (ASR=1.7). = ~] Number of components % s z 231 ks a zs 3 s f= L 3 ad 34 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ¥ Time(Years) CURE AND OTHER WAYS : 70f13Treatment Your treatment options are based on many factors, such as the location and stage of your throat cancer, the type of cells involved, whether the cells show signs of HPV infection, your overall health, and your personal preferences. Discuss the benefits and risks of each of your options with your doctor. Together you can determine what treatments will be most appropriate for you. Radiation therapy Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons to deliver radiation to the cancer cells, causing them to die. Surgery The types of surgical procedures you may consider to treat your throat cancer depend on the location and stage of your cancer. 80f13MEASURES TO AVOID THROAT CANCER: There's no sure way to avoid throat cancer. But people who use tobacco, regularly drink significant amounts of alcohol or have specific HPV infections are more likely to develop this condition. You can reduce your risk by: Not smoking cigarettes or using any tobacco products. e Drinking alcohol in moderation. e Getting the HPV vaccine and avoiding HPV infections. People who have a specific HPV type are more likely to develop oropharyngeal cancer. Develop healthy eating habits. Researchers have linked laryngeal cancer to poor nutrition, having obesity and vitamin deficiency. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains and lean protein may help reduce your risk of developing laryngeal cancer. Healthcare providers may be able to cure throat cancer that hasn’t spread to nearby tissues or your lymph nodes. Cancer that hasn’t spread is called localized cancer. Between 52% and 83% of people with all types of localized laryngeal cancer are alive five years after diagnosis. About 62% of people 90f13diagnosed with localized oropharyngeal cancer are alive five years after diagnosis. THINGS TO DO TO AVOID ANY CANCER: The 10 commandments of cancer prevention are: 1. Avoid tobacco in all its small or big size 2. Eat properly. 3. Exercise regularly. 4. Stay lean. Obesity 5. If you choose to drink, limit yourself to an average of one drink a day. 6. Avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation 7. Avoid exposure to industrial and environmental toxins 8. Avoid infections that contribute to cancer 9, Make quality sleep a priority. 10. Get enough vitamin D THINGS TO BE EATEN: 10 of 13,¢ High-fat, low-fibre diets may increase the risk of many cancers including bowel, lung, prostate and uterine cancers. e Reducing alcohol intake and maintaining a healthy body weight may reduce the risk of many cancers. e You can reduce your risk of developing cancer by eating a wide variety of nutritious foods as described in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. « Even though diet can influence your risk of developing cancer, there is little evidence that special foods can be used to cure existing cancers. The foods we eat can affect our risk of developing certain types of cancer, High-energy and high-fat diets can lead to obesity and are generally thought to increase the risk of some cancers. Enjoying a wide variety of nutritious foods as described in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating may help to prevent cancer. Eating a wide variety of foods from each of the 5 food groups, in the amounts recommended helps maintain a healthy and interesting diet and provides a range of different nutrients to the body. Eating a variety of foods promotes good health and can help reduce the risk of disease. CONCLUSION : 11 of 13,Early-stage laryngeal cancer is usually highly curable with surgical or radiation monotherapy, often preserving the larynx. However, late-stage disease requires multimodal therapy and is associated with worse outcomes, frequently necessitating more extensive treatment that may not preserve the larynx. CONCLUSION eat SOURCE : https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer- terms/def/throat-cancer 12 0f 13,“Together, we're stronger than cancer.” “Together We Can, | Can — Unite for World Cancer Day.” “Paint the world in shades of cancer awarenes Ww SUPPORT Ss oniet alg THE Survivers By i eww NEVER GIVE UP THANK YOU 13 of 13,