FIELD STUDY 2: LEARNING EPISODE 12

SELECTING NON-DIGITAL OR CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES AND

INSTRUCTION MATERIALS
To have a meaningful and successful accomplishment in this FS episode, be
sure to read through the whole episode before participating and assisting in your FS 2
Resource Teacher’s class. Note all the information you will need and tasks you will
need to do before working on this episode.

Target Your Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this Learning Episode, I must be able to:
 Show skills in the selection, development and use of a variety of teaching and learning resources, to address
learning goals. (PPST 4.5.1)
 Show skills in the positive use of non-digital/conventional resources and materials for student engagement in
teaching and learning.
 Demonstrate positive attitude towards the use of resources and instructional materials.
 Use professional reflection and learning to improve practice. (PPST 7.4.1)

Clarify Your Task

We choose the most appropriate or suitable resources or instructional materials based on
our lesson objectives or learning outcomes. Even when technology-based educational materials
abound, the teacher still needs to be competent in selecting and developing resources and
materials that are not ICT-based. Teachers should know how to be resourceful in tapping non-
digital or conventional resources and materials available in the area and situation.
Any book on educational technology or instructional materials would usually devote
some pages to Edgar Dale’s already identified the classifications of instructional materials,
which remain to be relevant today, namely: (1) Direct, Purposeful Experience; (2) Contrived
Experience; (3) Dramatic Participation; (4) Demonstrations; (5) Filed Trips; (6) Exhibits; (7)
Motion Pictures; (8) Radio/ Recording/ Still Pictures; (9) Visual Symbols and (10) Verbal
Symbols.
 According to Dale, “The cone device is a visual metaphor of learning experiences, in
which the various types of audiovisual materials are arranged in the order of increasing
abstractness as one proceed from direct experiences. “As such, the Cone of Experience can be
seen more as a continuum, not just a hierarchy. It is a way to see instructional materials in a
continuum from increasing concreteness in one direction to increasing abstractness in the other.
Jerome Bruner explained the three ways by which we can represent knowledge. These
representations are: 1. Enactive – which involves movement and physical manipulation, 2.
Iconic – which involves pictures and images; and 3. Symbolic – which involves symbols like
letters and numbers. Both the teachers and students make representations of knowledge. The
teachers, when they teach or impact knowledge, and by learners when they show or demonstrate
what they have learned.
Ideally, the more direct and real the experience given to students to learn something, the
better is the opportunity for learning, however, it is not always possible to do so. For instance,
during the pandemic, all classes switched to flexible learning utilizing online modalities, TV,
Radio, and printed modules. Situation and context challenge teachers to choose the best
instructional materials considering the limitations.
As you work on this episode, remember that you take the role of an FS student now
participating and assisting in the work of selecting non-digital or conventional resources and
instructional materials. You are more involved in the tasks, becoming more and more a
teacher!
Be mindful that you are also developing yourself as a teacher-researcher. Always use
your capacity to notice what us going well? Or what can be missing; what can be improved?
What can be a new way of doing things? Then focus on finding out the answers to these
questions. That as a teacher, you can always find ways to do things better and more effectively.
Also, aim to develop the confidence to try and initiate to continuously improve your skills.
Revisit the infographic on the Dale Cone of experiences showing types of audiovisual
instructional materials and the selection criteria and steps in using instructional materials.
(Today, some of these materials can be described as multi-sensory, not just audio-visual.) They
will prepare you to perform well in this episode. Go FS student, go!
 Revisit the Infographic/s
THE DALE CONE OF EXPERIENCE AND
EXAMPLES OF RESOURCES AND MATERIALS

TV/Verbal Symbols Pictures/Visual Symbols

Audio Recordings/ Photos
 Usually written words  Charts
 Recorded lectures
that represent an object,  Graphs
 Audio books
an idea or a principles  Maps
 Reviewer notes  Drawings
 Selected reading
TV/Verbsl
Exhibits Motion Pictures/ TV
Picture/ Visual
 Painting Exhibits  Biography Movies
 Photo Gallery Audio Recording
 Greek Mythology
 Career Fair Movies
Motion Picture/ TV  Documentaries
 Educational TV
Exchibits

Demonstrations Field Trips Field Trips

 How to cook bibingka Demonstrations
 Zoo
 How to use the  Museum
microscope Dramatized Experience  Factory
 How to wash hand
properly Constrived Experience


Direct and Purposeful Experiences

Contrived Experience Dramatized Experience

Direct Purposeful Experience
 Model of brain  Dramatic play
 Mock-up of a car  Tree planting  Pantomime
 Simulation of a  Working with puzzles  Puppet
courtroom session  Performing on  Tableau
 Games experiment
 Running a fund drive

Participate and Assist

 1. Consult your FS Resource Teacher about this episode. Let your teacher know that the
task for this episode is for you to assist the teacher by providing suggestions on resources
and materials that the teacher can use in delivering a lesson on a specific topic.
2. Request you FS Resource Teacher for a topic/lesson he/she will be teaching soon. You
will also need the learning objectives/outcomes for this lesson. Some teachers may
instruct you to write a complete lesson plan.
3. Refer to these guide points. Consider which ones are applicable. The non-digital or
conventional resource or instructional material:
a. Has accurate and meaningful content
b. Aligns to the learning objectives/outcomes of the lesson
c. Elicits student interest and engagement
d. Is inclusive and free from cultural bias
e. Is developmentally appropriate
f. Fosters critical thinking/aesthetic appreciation
g. Allows collaboration among learners
h. Flexible for group or self-study
i. Time and cost-efficient
4. Fill out the table below.

Subject: Grade Level:

Topic:
Learning Objectives/Outcomes
Resources/Instructional What is the use or purpose of Explain why you selected the
Materials you plan to utilize in resource/material? Describe how you will resource/material based on the guide
the lesson. use the resources/materials to attain the points mentioned above. How are these
learning objectives/outcomes. criteria met?
 5. As the situation would permit, try out the resources/materials with the students. Be sure
to follow the steps on using instructional materials found in the Infographics section of
this Episode.

Notice
After you participated or assisted in using resources/instructional materials in teaching-
learning, described what you observed and experienced by answering the items below.

1. How did you prepare for this activity?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Describe how you or the teacher utilized the resources/instructional materials. Narrate
your experienced as you participated and assisted?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. What were your feelings and thoughts while you were assisting with the use of the
resources/materials?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Describe how the students responded and participated.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Analyze
What worked well during the activity using the resources/materials?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
What part can be improved?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
What would you have done differently? What would I change? What will make it better next
time? ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
How does this connect with what you know about selecting and using instructional materials?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Reflect

1. How ready am I in selecting and developing resources/instructional materials in the

teaching-learning process?
 2. What do I still need to learn to select and develop resources/instructional materials in
teaching effectively?

3. What can I do to learn more about and practice the use of resources and instructional
materials?

Write Action Research Prompts

This part allows you to synthesize or put together what you noticed, analyzed, and
reflected on to come up with a possible topic to explore for an action research.
1. Doing this episode on selecting and using resources/instructional materials, what
problematic situation/challenges/area of improvements did I find?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. List at least three sources that you have read about this problem/challenge/area of
improvement ____________________________________________________________

Resource or Reference about the Topic Key points/findings in what I read

On what theories/principles can this problem be anchored?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. What do I hope to achieve to address the challenge/area of improvement? What change
do I want to achieve?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

4. What strategies/solutions/means can I employ to improve the solution/solve the problem?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. If you will conduct action research, what will be the title (Base this on your answer in
nos. 1-3):
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Check for Mastery

Direction: Read the questions then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The Dale Cone of Experience can help a teacher be mindful of the choice of resources or
instructional materials in terms of _____.
A. level of thinking
B. extent of being flexible or fixed
C. extent of being concrete or abstract
D. extent of adaptation and modification
2. Miss Violo told the story of the Giving Tree in her toddler class. She used the book itself
to show the illustration to the two-year-olds and showed all thirty pages of the book. Miss
Violo struggled just to finish the book because the toddler were not focusing. Some lay
on the floor stretching; others ran around the room. Which criterion did she fail to
consider in choosing a material?
A. Collaboration among learners
B. Inclusive and free of cultural bias
C. Student interest and engagement
D. Developmental appropriateness
3. For a theme on Careers, Mr. Menggay let his students watch interview clips of successful
people in business who were all males. The clips seemed to send a message that only men
succeed in the business field. Mr. Menggay did have any follow-up discussion on the
clips. Which criterion in selecting resources/materials should the teacher have
considered?
A. Student interest and engagement
B. Inclusive and free of cultural bias
C. Developmental appropriateness
D. Time and cost-efficient
4. Which of the following gives the learners the most concrete experience?
A. Watching a Theater play on The Death March
B. Listening to the teacher discuss about the first chapter of Noli Me tangere
C. Viewing a photo exhibit of the EDSA revolution
D. Independently reading the Biography of Andres Bonifacio
5. A teachers should consider all these criteria for choosing a resource or material,
EXCEPT:
A. Aligns to the learning objectives/outcomes of the lesson
B. Is the most expensive therefore the most durable
C. Is inclusive and free from cultural bias
D. Is developmentally appropriate

Work on my Artifacts

Attach pieces of evidence of what you accomplished in this episode.