Crop Production and Management
Very Short Q&A :
Q1: Tick the right answer
We get our food from
a. Plants
b. Animals
c. Both plants and animals
d. None of these
Ans: C
Q2: The same kind of plants grown and cultivated at one place on large scale is
called_________.
View Answer
Ans: Crop
Q3: Is crop production and management is important to provide food for a large number
of population?
a. Portuguese
b. English
c. Dutch
d. Spanish
Ans: Yes
Q4: Define crop.
Ans: Plants of same kind that are grown and cultivated at one place on large scale is called a crop
Q5: Name some crop plants.
Ans: Some of the crop plants are wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, vegetables, fruits etc.
Q6: Classify crops on the basis of seasons in which they are grown.
Ans: On the basis of season in which crops are grown they are classified into: Rabi crops and
Kharif crops
Q7: Define kharif crops with examples.
Ans: The crops which are sown in rainy season that is generally from june to September in India
are called kharif crops. e.g: cotton, maize, paddy, groundnut etc.
Q8: Define rabi crops with examples.
Ans: The crops which are sown in winter season that is generally from October to march in India
are called rabi crops. e.g: wheat, mustard, gram, pea etc.
Q9: Why can paddy not be grown in winter season?
Ans: Paddy plants requires lot of water for their proper growth and development, thus paddy can
be grown in rainy season only and not in winter season.
Q10: Ploughing is done by ___________________.
Ans: Plough
Q11: Hoe is a simple tool which is used for removing ________________.
Ans: Weeds
Q12: What is seed drill?
Ans: Seed drill is a tool which is used for sowing seeds with the help of tractors, this tool sows the
seeds uniformly and at proper distances and depths in the soil. It ensures that seeds get properly
covered by the soil after sowing.
Q13: What do you mean by good quality seeds?
Ans: Following are the characteristics of a good quality seed:
It should be clean
It should be healthy and of good variety
It should have high yield
It should be disease resistant
Q14: What do you understand by manures?
Ans: Manures are organic substances obtained from the decomposition of plants and animal
wastes which provides lot of humus to the soil. It is very important for the healthy growth of
plants.
Q15: Continuous growing of crops makes the soil poorer in certain______________________.
Ans: nutrients
Q16: What is manuring?
Ans: Farmers add manure to the fields to replenish the soil with nutrients and to increase their
crop production, this process of adding manures to the field is called manuring.
Q17: What do you understand by fertilisers?
Ans: Fertilisers are chemical substances which are rich in particular nutrients like nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium, they are produced in factories. example: urea, NPK, ammonium
sulphate etc.
Q18: Name the bacteria which fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Ans: Rhizobium bacteria
Q19: Which one is better organic manure or fertilisers?
Ans: Organic manure is better than fertilisers
Q20: What do you mean by the term irrigation?
Ans: Water is very important for proper growth and development of plants, thus for healthy crop
growth fields have to be watered regularly, this supply of water to crops at appropriate interval
called as irrigation.
Q21: Name different sources of irrigation.
Ans: Source of irrigation: ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, canals, wells, and tubewells.
Q22: Name the following shown traditional methods of irrigation:
Ans: Moat Dhekli, Sprinkler system , Drip system
Q23: Give few examples of weedicides.
Ans: 2,4-D
Q24: Is there any harmful effect of weedicides on the person handling the weedicides
sprayer?
Ans: Yes, it may affect the health of sprayer, so he should cover their nose and mouth with a
piece of a cloth during spraying of weedicides.
Q25: Weedicides sprayer should cover their _________________ and
_______________ with a piece of cloth during spraying of these chemicals.
Ans: nose and mouth
Q26: Define harvesting.
Ans: Cutting of matured crop manually or by machine is called harvesting
Q27: Define threshing.
Ans: In the harvested crops the grain seeds are separated from the chaff, this process is called
threshing.
Q28: What is a “combine”?
Ans: Combine is a machine which is used for harvesting as well as threshing of crops or simply
we can say combine is a combined harvester and thresher.
Q29: What are harvest festivals?
Ans: A Harvest Festival is an annual celebration that occurs around the time of the main harvest
of a given region. The efforts of the farmer of past season borne fruit in the form of crop, laden
with grain, at this point they celebrate harvest festival to express their joy and happiness. Special
festivals associated with the harvest season are pongal, Baisakhi, Holi, Diwali, Nabanya and Bihu.
Q30: What do you mean by animal husbandry?
Ans: Like plants animals also provide us with large variety of food items for which they are reared
at home or in farms. They are provided with proper food, shelter and care, this is called animal
husbandry
Short Q&A :
Q1: Define crop along with examples
Ans: Plants of same kind that are grown and cultivated at one place on large scale are called a
crop. Some of the crop plants are wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, vegetables, fruits etc.
Q2: Differentiate between kharif and rabi crops
Ans:
Rabi crops Kharif crops
a. Grown in winter season a. Grown in rainy season
b. They do not need lot of water b. They require lot of water
c. In india time period for winter season is c. In india time period for rainy season is
from October to march so they are grown in from june to september so they are
this time period only grown in this time period only
d. Examples: linseed, wheat, gram, pea etc d. Examples: paddy, maize, cotton,
groundnut etc.
Q3: Name all the activities involved in agricultural practices for crop production
Preparation of soil by tilling and levelling
Sowing of seeds into prepared soil
Adding manure and fertilisers for replenishment and enrichment of soil and
healthy growth of crops
The supply of water to crops at appropriate interval called as irrigation
Protecting from weeds by using weedicides
Harvesting of crops by machines
proper storage of crops to protect them from harmful effects of pests and
microorganisms
Ans: Following are the activities involved in agricultural practices for crop production
Q4: What do you mean by preparation of soil?
Ans: The first step before growing a crop plant is the preparation of soil for sowing of seeds, the
soil has to be loosened so that the roots of plants may penetrate deep into the soil, the loosening
of soil allow the roots to breathe easily because loosened soil promotes growth of organisms like
earthworms and microbes which are the farmer friends as they further turns and loosen the soil
and add humus to it, apart from this turning and loosening of soil brings the nutrient rich soil to
the top and the top layer of soil supports plant growth, thus nutrient rich soil at the top layer
helps in good and healthy crop and hence turning and loosening of soil is very important for
cultivation of crops. The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing
and is carried on by using a plough.
Q5: Why loosened soil is important for cultivation of crops?
Ans: The first step before growing a crop plant is the preparation of soil for sowing of seeds, the
soil has to be loosened so that the roots of plants may penetrate deep into the soil, the loosening
of soil allow the roots to breathe easily because loosened soil promotes growth of organisms like
earthworms and microbes which are the farmer friends as they further turns and loosen the soil
and add humus to it, apart from this turning and loosening of soil brings the nutrient rich soil to
the top and the top layer of soil supports plant growth, thus nutrient rich soil at the top layer
helps in good and healthy crop and hence turning and loosening of soil is very important for
cultivation of crops. The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing
and is carried on by using a plough.
Q6: Define ploughing.
Ans: The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing and is carried on
by using a plough. plough are made by wood or iron material, it is being used since ancient time
for different purposes like tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to crops, removing weeds etc. this
implement is drawn by a pair of bulls or other animals like camels, horses etc
Diagram of a plough
Q7: Label the following Diagram:
Ans: a. Beam ,b. Ploughshaft ,c. Ploughshare
Q8: Write a paragraph in your own word on each of the following:
a. Tilling
b. Weeds
Ans:
a. Tilling:The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing and is
carried on by using a plough. plough are made by wood or iron material, it is being used
since ancient time for different purposes like tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to crops,
removing weeds etc. this implement is drawn by a pair of bulls or other animals like camels,
horses etc.
b. Weeds:weeds are unwanted plants that grow along with crop plants and compete with them
for water, nutrients, space and light, thus they effect growth of crop plants. Some of the
weeds are poisonous for animals and human beings and they interfere even in harvesting of
crop plants. Weedicides are chemical that are sprayed in the fields to kill the weeds, they do
not damage the crops. Weedicides are diluted with water and are sprayed in the field by
sprayer to kill the weeds.
Q9: Write shorts notes on:
a. Showing of seeds
b. Threshing
Ans:
a. Showing of seeds:One of the important part of crop production is sowing. Good quality
seeds are selected and are sown in prepared soil with the help of various tools like
traditional tools and seed drill.
Traditional tools: The shape of this tool is like a funnel which is filled by seeds, then the
seeds are passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends and these ends pierce
into the soil and place seeds there.
Seed drill: Now a day traditional tool has been replaced by seed drill. This tool is used for
sowing with the help of tractors and it sows the seeds uniformly and at proper distances and
depth, it also ensures covering of the seeds from soil after sowing, so that seeds could not
get damaged by birds and by other organisms. Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and
labour. In order to avoid overcrowding of plants it is very important to leave some space
between two seeds. This also allows plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water
from the soil.
b. Threshing:In the harvested crops the grain seeds are separated from the chaff, this process
is called threshing, this is carried out with the help of a machine called combine which works
as harvester and thresher both.
Q10: Define plough and all of its part with the help of a labelled diagram.
Ans: he process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing and is carried on
by using a plough. plough are made by wood or iron material, it is being used since ancient time
for different purposes like tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to crops, removing weeds etc. this
implement is drawn by a pair of bulls or other animals like camels, horses etc.
Diagram of a plough
Q11: Define hoe and all of its part with the help of a labelled diagram.
Ans: The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing and is carried on
by using a plough. plough are made by wood or iron material, it is being used since ancient time
for different purposes like tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to crops, removing weeds etc. this
implement is drawn by a pair of bulls or other animals like camels, horses etc.
Diagram of a plough
Q12: What are the advantages of a cultivator over plough for the purpose of ploughing?
Ans: Ploughing by cultivators save time and labour as cultivator is driven by tractors whereas
plough is driven by pair of bull.
Q13: How could you separate good and healthy seeds from the damaged ones?
Ans: Take a beaker half filled with water and put some seeds into it and stir well, wait for some
time. You will observe some seeds sink in water while some seeds float in water, damaged seeds
become hollow and lighter and thus they float on water.
Q14: Write a short notes on tools used for sowing seeds.
Ans: Sowing of seeds: One of the important part of crop production is sowing. Good quality seeds
are selected and are sown in prepared soil with the help of various tools like traditional tools and
seed drill. Traditional tools: The shape of this tool is like a funnel which is filled by seeds, then the
seeds are passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends and these ends pierce into
the soil and place seeds there. Seed drill: Now a day traditional tool has been replaced by seed
drill. This tool is used for sowing with the help of tractors and it sows the seeds uniformly and at
proper distances and depth, it also ensures covering of the seeds from soil after sowing, so that
seeds could not get damaged by birds and by other organisms. Sowing by using a seed drill saves
time and labour. In order to avoid overcrowding of plants it is very important to leave some space
between two seeds. This also allows plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water from the
soil.
Q15: What are the advantages of a seed drill used for sowing?
Ans: Sowing of seeds: One of the important part of crop production is sowing. Good quality seeds
are selected and are sown in prepared soil with the help of various tools like traditional tools and
seed drill. Traditional tools: The shape of this tool is like a funnel which is filled by seeds, then the
seeds are passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends and these ends pierce into
the soil and place seeds there. Seed drill: Now a day traditional tool has been replaced by seed
drill. This tool is used for sowing with the help of tractors and it sows the seeds uniformly and at
proper distances and depth, it also ensures covering of the seeds from soil after sowing, so that
seeds could not get damaged by birds and by other organisms. Sowing by using a seed drill saves
time and labour. In order to avoid overcrowding of plants it is very important to leave some space
between two seeds. This also allows plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water from the
soil.
Q16: Why an appropriate distance between the seeds while sowing is important?
Ans: Sowing of seeds: One of the important part of crop production is sowing. Good quality seeds
are selected and are sown in prepared soil with the help of various tools like traditional tools and
seed drill. Traditional tools: The shape of this tool is like a funnel which is filled by seeds, then the
seeds are passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends and these ends pierce into
the soil and place seeds there. Seed drill: Now a day traditional tool has been replaced by seed
drill. This tool is used for sowing with the help of tractors and it sows the seeds uniformly and at
proper distances and depth, it also ensures covering of the seeds from soil after sowing, so that
seeds could not get damaged by birds and by other organisms. Sowing by using a seed drill saves
time and labour. In order to avoid overcrowding of plants it is very important to leave some space
between two seeds. This also allows plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water from the
soil.
Q17: How could we supply nutrients to the soil?
Ans: We can supply nutrients to the soil by adding manure and fertilisers. Manures are organic
substances obtained from the decomposition of plants and animal wastes which provides lot of
humus to the soil. It is very important for the healthy growth of plants, and fertilisers are
chemical substances which are rich in particular nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium, they are produced in factories. example: urea, NPK, ammonium sulphate etc.
Q18: Differentiate between manure and fertilizers.
Ans:
Manure Fertiliser
a. Manure is nothing but organic matter that a. It is an inorganic salt
is used as a fertilizer to increase the level b. It is prepared in factories
of nutrients in a soil c. Fertiliser does not provide any humus to
b. It can be prepared in field the soil.
c. Manure provides a lot of humus to the soil. d. Manure is relatively less rich in plant
d. Fertilizers are made up of macronutrients nutrients
such as nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium. Other substances in smaller
quantities are also present in fertilizers
such as iron, copper, boron, chlorine,
manganese, zinc, and selenium
Q19: What do you understand by manuring and what are the harmful effects of
improper or insufficient manuring?
Ans: Farmers add manure to the fields to replenish the soil with nutrients and to increase their
crop production, this process of adding manures to the field is called manuring. Improper
manuring results in poor development of crop plants and unhealthy crops.
Q20: How could we prepare organic manure?
Ans: Organic manure can be prepared in fields. Dump plant and animal wastes in pits at open
places and allow it to decompose by some of the microorganisms; the decomposed matter is used
as manure.
Q21: Given three plants A, B and C , A is supplied with proper manure, B is supplied with
manure but not in sufficient quantity, C is not supplied with any kind of manure, which
of these A, B and C will show better growth and why?
Ans: A
Q22: What are the harmful effects of fertilisers?
Ans: Harmful effects of fertilisers: Excessive use of fertilisers makes soil less fertile. It is also
considered as one of the source of water pollution Fertilizers can be either natural (organic) or
synthetic. Natural fertilizers are those that are derived from plants or animals while synthetic
fertilizers are those made in a laboratory. While natural fertilizers never harm the quality of soil
and do not damage the produce, overuse of synthetic fertilizers may harm the soil in the long run.
Q23: What is crop rotation? How it helps in replenishment of the soil?
Ans: Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area
in sequential seasons. Growing the same type of in the same place for many years in a row
disproportionately depletes the soil of certain nutrients. With rotation, a crop that leaches the soil
of one kind of nutrient is followed during the next growing season by a dissimilar crop that returns
that nutrient to the soil or draws a different ratio of nutrients: for example, rice followed by
cotton.
Q24: State advantages of manure
Ans: Advantages of manure:
Water holding capacity of soil is increased by adding manure to the soil
It increases the total number of friendly microbes in soil and thus increases soil fertility
By adding manure soil become more porous so that the exchange of gases becomes easy
It improves the texture of the soil.
Q25: What is irrigation and its importance?
Ans: Irrigation is the artificial application of water to crops at different intervals. The time and
frequency of irrigation varies from crop to crop, soil to soil and season to season. Like in summer
frequency of irrigation is higher because of the increased rate of evaporation. Water is very
important for proper growth and development of flowers, fruits and seeds of plants, it plays
important role in
germination of seeds
transportation of nutrients in different parts of plants
protects crops from both frost and hot air currents
it maintain the moisture of soil
Q26: Why we should supply more water to crops during summer season?
Ans: Because of the increased rate of evaporation of water from the soil and the leaves it is
important to increase the frequency of watering in summer season.
Q27: Explain traditional methods of irrigation.
Ans: Traditional method of irrigation involves cattle or human labour and thus are cheaper than
modern methods of irrigation, various traditional ways of irrigation are:
Moat ( pulley system)
Chain pump
Dhekli
Rahat (Lever system)
Q28: Explain modern methods of irrigation.
Ans: Modern method of irrigation help us to use water economically, it involves following
methods: Sprinkler system: In this system the perpendicular pipes with rotating nozzles on top
are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals when water is allowed to flow through the main
pipe under pressure with the help of pump, it escape from the rotating nozzles, it gets sprinkled
on the crop as if it is raining, sprinkler is very useful for sandy soil. Drip system: In this system
water falls drop by drop just at the position of the roots. So it is called drip system. It is the best
technique for watering plants, trees and garden. This system provides water to plants drop by
drop, and water is not wasted at all
Q29: What do you understand by weeds and weedicides?
Ans: Weeds: weeds are unwanted plants that grow along with crop plants and compete with them
for water, nutrients, space and light, thus they effect growth of crop plants. Some of the weeds
are poisonous for animals and human beings and they interfere even in harvesting of crop plants.
Weedicides are chemical that are sprayed in the fields to kill the weeds, they do not damage the
crops. Weedicides are diluted with water and are sprayed in the field by sprayer to kill the weeds.
Q30: What is the best time for the removal of weeds from the field?
Ans: The best time for the removal of weeds is before they produce flowers and seeds.
Q31: What is harvesting and how it is done?
Ans: The cutting of mature crops is called harvesting. It is done manually by sickle or by
harvester.
Q32: How large scale storage of grains is done? How food grains are stored at home?
Ans: It is important to store food grains properly; they should be safe from moisture, insects, rats
and microorganisms. The fresh crops has more moisture so freshly harvested grains should be
stored only after drying properly in the sun otherwise it may get spoilt or attacked by organisms
losing their germination capacity. This prevents the attack by insect pests, bacteria and fungi.
Farmers store crops in jute bags or metallic bins, large scale storage of grains is done in silos or
granaries to protect them from pests like rats and insects. At home dried neem leaves are used to
store food grains.
Long Q&A:
Q1: Describe various methods of agricultural practices involved in crop production and
management.
Ans:
Preparation of soil by tilling and levelling .
Sowing of seeds into prepared soil
Adding manure and fertilisers for replenishment and enrichment of soil and healthy growth
of crops
The supply of water to crops at appropriate interval called as irrigation
Protecting from weeds by using weedicides
Harvesting of crops by machines
proper storage to protect them from harmful effects of pests and microorganisms
Q2: Define irrigation, its various methods and explain its two methods which conserve
water.
Ans: Irrigation is the artificial application of water to crops at different intervals. The time and
frequency of irrigation varies from crop to crop, soil to soil and season to season. Like in summer
frequency of irrigation is higher because of the increased rate of evaporation. Water is very
important for proper growth and development of flowers, fruits and seeds of plants, it plays
important role in
germination of seeds
transportation of nutrients in different parts of plants
protects crops from both frost and hot air currents
it maintain the moisture of soil
Traditional method of irrigation involves cattle or human labour and thus are cheaper than
modern methods of irrigation, various traditional ways of irrigation are:
Moat ( pulley system)
Chain pump
Dhekli
Rahat (Lever system)
Modern method of irrigation help us to use water economically, it involves following methods:
Sprinkler system: In this system the perpendicular pipes with rotating nozzles on top are joined to
the main pipeline at regular intervals when water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under
pressure with the help of pump, it escape from the rotating nozzles, it gets sprinkled on the crop
as if it is raining, sprinkler is very useful for sandy soil. Drip system: In this system water falls
drop by drop just at the position of the roots. So it is called drip system. It is the best technique
for watering plants, trees and garden. This system provides water to plants drop by drop, and
water is not wasted at all
Q3: Describe the importance of weedicides, manures and fertilisers in good agricultural
practice.
Ans: Weeds: weeds are unwanted plants that grow along with crop plants and compete with them
for water, nutrients, space and light, thus they effect growth of crop plants. Some of the weeds
are poisonous for animals and human beings and they interfere even in harvesting of crop plants.
Weedicides are chemical that are sprayed in the fields to kill the weeds, they do not damage the
crops. Weedicides are diluted with water and are sprayed in the field by sprayer to kill the weeds.
Q4: Explain harvest festivals.
Ans: A Harvest Festival is an annual celebration that occurs around the time of the main harvest
of a given region. The efforts of the farmer of past season borne fruit in the form of crop, laden
with grain, at this point they celebrate harvest festival to express their joy and happiness. Special
festivals associated with the harvest season are pongal, Baisakhi, Holi, Diwali, Nabanya and Bihu.
Q5: Explain how continuous plantation of crops in a field affects the quality of soil.
Ans: Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area
in sequential seasons. Growing the same type of in the same place for many years in a row
disproportionately depletes the soil of certain nutrients. With rotation, a crop that leaches the soil
of one kind of nutrient is followed during the next growing season by a dissimilar crop that returns
that nutrient to the soil or draws a different ratio of nutrients: for example, rice followed by
cotton.
