FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NEKEDE

OWERRI, IMO STATE.

P.M.B 1036

A SEMINAR REPORT

ON

IOT IN AGRICULTURE

Submitted by

EZEALA FAVOUR CHIKANMA

22BH/0248/CS

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA

In
COMPUTER SCIENCE

SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

SCIENCE

Supervised By

Mr. Oparah C.C

 DEDICATION

I dedicate this seminar work to God Almighty for his protection, guidance, provision and
sufficient grace. I also dedicate this to all those who contributed to my little success in life,
especially my beloved parents and my Siblings and husband.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, I give thanks to Almighty God for his infinite mercy, support, guidance and

his grace that has spared my life to see the end of this program.

My sincere appreciation to those, whose effort have aided in the successful completion of this

research work. This research work couldn’t have been a success without the guidance and

support of my Supervisor Mr. Oparah C.C and My Head of department Dr, S.A Oladimeji

Who despite their commitments still found time to go through my research work and reasons

with my shortcomings. My deep appreciation also goes to my who helped in financing this

project work and who motivated me in choosing this topic and my friends who have patiently

guided me to this stage.

 ABSTRACT
The exponential growth of the global data and information volume has given the impetus to the
development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the omnipresence of related devices. Today, the
Internet of Things is an integral part of our everyday lives and this development cannot be kept
away. As per Statista, there will be more than 75 billion Internet of Things (IoT) connected
devices in use by 2025. Data volume created by IoT connections is projected to reach a massive
total of 79.4 zettabytes by 2025. Wired or wireless networks will connect a variety of devices,
machines, vehicles and almost everything. IoT makes way for unlimited business prospects in all
fields, and agriculture is no exception. The use of IoT technology in agriculture will increase
crop production to new heights. In this chapter, we will focus on the applications of IoT in
agriculture. The chapter also discusses about the usage of IoT in the intelligent irrigation system
and classifies different sensors.
Introduction

Green computing seeks to use IT resources in an energy-efficient, economically-efficient and

environmentally friendly manner by greening computers and computer products (using,

disposing, designing and manufacturing), which in turn affect the development of a wide range

of regions in the country. India is an agricultural country and agriculture and its associated

activities are the main livelihoods for 80% of rural India’s population. Therefore, agriculture is

the core of India’s economy and agriculture is a prerequisite for our domestic prosperity. It is the

main source of livelihood for about the majority of the population of India, particularly in rural

areas. According to IBEF reports, the Rs. 19.48 lakh crore ($ 276.37 billion) for agriculture,

forestry and fishing was accessed in FY20 (PE) . GVA growth remained at 4% in FY20 in

agriculture and its allied sectors. In order to stabilize and increase growth, this agroindustry must

be merged with the use of technology so that our country can develop smoothly. Even if the

Government of India has focused and highlighted the need for progress in agri-business

measures previously referred to, this is an indication of innovative technology and the

implementation of this technology to increase crop productivity that would lead to overall system

growth. With the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture, crop production

and other sustainable products are growing tremendously . Various IoT Applications are used in

farming which involves data collection on the humidity of the soil, temperature, climate, water

levels, infertility of soils etc. This information is gathered from the sensors and actuators and can

be further stored on the cloud and can be assessed for various analytics to obtain meaningful

information. Furthermore, this information can be used to automate agriculture techniques and

make better decisions to improve the production of crops in terms of quality and quantity. With

the use of IoT in agriculture the life of Farmer can be relieved and which would result in better
production and reduced risks. For instance, there is no need for farmers to check the soil

temperature for irrigation and would now be able to screen soil temperature and dampness from

a far distance, they will be getting the entire information on their phones through alarms.

IOT Transformation In The Future Of Agriculture

With the remarkable development of the world’s population, as the United Nations Food and

Agriculture Organization indicated, in 2050, we need to increase the consumption of food by

70%, for horticultural land use and the exhaustion of natural resources, the need to increase the

yield of ranches has become essential. To solve the above problems, IoT solutions offer better

product solutions, mainly aimed at helping farmers to shut down the inventory request hole by

guaranteeing outstanding returns, benefits and climate assurance. IoT provides various solutions

that lay the foundation for helping farmers to improve productivity, profitability and

environmental benefits. In agricultural technologies Agribusiness IoT plays an important role,

which includes specialized equipment, wireless connectivity, software and IT services. The use

of technology led to intelligent farming, because technological advances have provided farmers

with a better controlled ecosystem. Devices/computers identify the requirements for control of

farm animals and farm crops . This technique makes efficient decisions on the use of plants and

animals. Decisions can be taken on a square acre or smaller tract of land that is capable of

individually processing crops or animals. The business intelligence survey reports that IoT

devices are expected to reach 75 million in the agriculture industry in 2020, increasing by 20%

every year. Simultaneously, the global smart agriculture market is expected to triple by 2025, to

15.3 billion dollars (as opposed to just over 5 billion dollars by 2016). Smart IoT-dependent

agriculture enables farmers and growers to reduce waste and improve profitability, from the

quantity of manure and fertilizers used to the number of excursions made by vehicles, and to
enable the effective use of assets such as water, energy and so on. IoT intelligent agriculture

solutions are a framework, which is designed to control yields with the aid of sensors (light,

mugginess, temperature, soil damping, crop well-being, etc) and to mechanize the framework of

the water system Farmers can monitor the conditions in the field from any place, including their

homes or elsewhere. You can also choose between manual and mechanized alternatives to make

important moves that depend on this information. For example, if soil moisture deteriorates,

farmers can send sensors to start the water system. This mechanism, in contrast, is exceptionally

productive and the regular manual methodology involves a lot of work. There are many different

ways IoT applications change the way agriculture works, i.e., the future of agriculture.

Use of Smart Agriculture IOT Technology

Data collected by intelligent agricultural sensors, a key component of this agricultural

management approach, includes sensors, control systems, robotics, self-supporting vehicles,

automatic hardware, variable rate technology, movement detectors, button cameras and wearable

devices. This information can be used to monitor general business conditions as well as the

performance of employees and the efficiency of equipment. The ability to manage output allows

for better product delivery planning. Agricultural landowners can use various wireless IoT

applications to collect information about the location, well-being, and health of their cattle so

that they can identify themselves sooner and remove them from the doctors’ treatment group.

Usage of Greenhouse Can Be Automated

Using IOT Applications in Farming: A smart greenhouse designed with the help of intelligent

IoT monitors and simultaneously controls the climate and thus eliminating the need for manual

intervention. The computer controls temperature, water and other factors that allow farmers to

grow crops throughout the year. Information is stored and often requires very little manual work
in changing or controlling the growing environment. It helps people located in rural areas to have

better control over the weather. Climate change has changed the weather patterns in many places.

These greenhouses give farmers the ability to grow crops regardless of weather or conditions.

Many greenhouses are used to grow vegetables and fruits abroad.

Reduced Water Consumption in Agriculture: Water consumption can be reduced by the

usage of soil sensors in agriculture. Plants are studied and data collected which is made available

to other farmers who plant the same crop. Using this technology we can look underwater and

over-watered plants can be exposed and their lives can be retained at greater ages. A wireless

sensor was used at the farm which was the size of the crop.

Pest Monitoring Pest monitoring is another area that technology now helps with – Farmers can

monitor pests and act using wireless technology. Excessive use of pesticides on crops increases

not only human health but also the environment. According to estimates by the World Health

Organization, about 3 lakh people die every year and around 220,000 people die. Farmers are not

aware of the exact application of pesticides and have harmful effects on other organisms

including humans.

Livestock Tracking: Recently Samsung has partnered with Herdsy to develop technology that

helps raise better cattle all over the world. This handheld tracking device will be used to collect

data on cattle that can be used to improve raising them. A tag placed around the neck of the

animal monitors its location, heart rate, temperature, movement, and activity level. The

information is collected and used to improve raising the cattle. Alerts come when unusual

activity is found. This data can be given to vets when the animals get sick. It uses geo-fencing to

track animals to keep them from getting lost or stolen. The company has had many orders for this

device around the world.

Big Data in Farming: The usage of big data technology brings a tremendous change in smart

agriculture. It has the potential to increase production by 2050 which is needed to feed the world.

Suppliers will be expected to do more with fewer resources available. Analyzing data in real-

time will help farmers come up with a new solution to changing problems. They can monitor

current weather, soil, rain, and bugs to find the best solutions to the problems. They might be

able to prevent outbreaks of disease or insects that destroy their crops. They can develop and

tailor a specific product to certain market segments using big data. This data gives them a very

competitive advantage.

Smart Agriculture Predictive Analytics: Crop predictions are of major importance to enable

farmers to decide on future crop production plans, stockpiling, risk management and marketing

techniques. Artificial networks use information collected from farm sensors to predict crop

production rates. This information includes parameters such as soil, temperature, pressure,

precipitation and moisture. Farmers can obtain accurate soil information either via a dashboard

or a custom mobile application. Farmers have begun to realize that IoT is a driving force for

cost-effective increases in agricultural production [8-9]. Since the market is still developing,

there are still plenty of opportunities for those who want to join the company.

Applications of IOT In Agriculture

Farming has made many technological advances since the agricultural age. Today, farmers can

quickly determine what is best for their crops, understanding impending weather interactions and

impacts, and produce a good product at a fast pace. With IoT making strides in the area of

farming, it might not be too far off that the press of a button will be the force behind agricultural

growth. In this section, we will discuss about the various applications of IoT in Agriculture.
Weed Robots: These are smart agriculture robots (agri-bots) uses digital image processing to go

through the images of weeds in their weeds and spray them directly by using their robotic arms

to detect similarities with crops. They are treated as a boon for the ecosystem and also for

farmers who are using pesticides for their lands.

Harvesting Robotics:The use of agri-business for crops resolves the labour shortages problem.

These new machines can be operated 24/7 through the delicate selection process of fruits and

vegetables. These machines use a combination of image processing and robotic weapons to

determine fruit in order to control quality. Because of high operating costs for crops focusing on

agro-based early harvesting, fruit is like apples. Greenhouse harvesting also applies to high-value

crops such as tomatoes and strawberries with these bots. These bots can be used to properly

determine the harvest stage in the greenhouse and harvest time.

Drones: Drones are majorly used by the agriculture industry for monitoring and make tasks easy

for farmers and thus enhance their productivity. They are used to monitor soil, spraying,

watering and planting. Monitoring the soil helps farmers connect what is needed to help their

crops grow better . Drones evaluate temperature, land slope, moisture, which gives them the right

soil samples. Farmers use this information for decision making when crops recur, and

development improves. The benefits of IoT in farming have been shown using drones. They are

built with different sensors and cameras used for taking images and surveying crops yield and

fields.

Machine Navigation: Since remotely-controlled toy cars with a microcontroller are enabled,

tractors and heavy tillage equipment can be operated automatically from home via GPS. These

integrated automated machines are very précised and self-adjusting when differences in areas are

detected and labor-intensive tasks is simplified. Both their work and progress can be easily
monitored on your smartphone. These technology-driven engines are getting smarter and

independent with features such as automatic obstacle detection with advances in maschine

learning.

Climatic Conditions: In agriculture, climate plays a very important role. And inappropriate

climate knowledge exacerbates crop production quantity and quality. However, IoT solutions

allow you to know the weather conditions in real time. The sensors are installed indoors and

outdoors. They collect environment data for selecting the right crops that can grow and sustain

under specific climatic conditions. The sensor data in terms of moisture, temperature,

precipitation and dew detection help to determine the weather patterns in the fields to be grown

for suitable crops.

Soil Quality: The soil quality analysis helps to determine the nutrient value and drying area of

the fields, the capacity of drainage and the acidity of the Complimentary Contributor Copy

Internet of Things (IoT) in Agriculture 357 soil, so that the water required for irrigation and the

more profitable types of farming can be adjusted.

IOT CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURE

The uses of IoT in agriculture have brought a tremendous revolution in the field of agriculture

and it has changed the working way in which farmers work and the yield increased. However,

the integration of smart technology in the traditional methods of farming may result in several

challenges discussed as under.

Connectivity: Connectivity in agriculture is one of the major IoT problems that we need to

deliver in rural areas in all agricultural areas. In order to make the IoT system work, we need to

connect the entire agricultural environment - farms, warehouses, barns, greenhouses, etc. And

there’s plenty of room to work with. Ideally, a reliable smooth connection should also be able to
withstand severe weather events and open space. Unfortunately, connectivity remains generally a

problem on the Internet of Things as various systems use various protocols and methods of data

transmission. Hopefully, efforts to regulate the industry, the standards and the development of

5G technology and space-based Internet can solve this issue soon and provide Internet

connection in a fast and reliable manner for each location, regardless of its size and conditions.

Design and Durability: Any IoT system used in agriculture must not only handle connectivity

but also be able to handle outdoor conditions. The IoT must still have a functional design and a

certain degree of robustness in its drones, mobile sensors, intelligent grids and weather

monitoring stations to “work in the field.” The complexity and characteristic of the design of an

IoT product is not mentioned in general.

Limited Resources and Time: IoT plays a crucial role in agriculture although integration of

smart technology is carried out in an environment and time constraints that are constantly

changing. Companies designing and developing IoT for agriculture will have to take into

consideration rapid climate change and emerging weather conditions, such as limited availability

of land and dying pollination.

CONCLUSION

The intelligent agricultural sector is growing and expanding exponentially, with almost daily

new horizons and technological solutions on the market. Capacity and importance constantly

increase in devices that collect sensor data, transmit information to farmers and help optimize

large-scale agricultural processes. IoT enabled agriculture solutions have contributed

significantly to the implementation for time-tested knowledge of modern technological solutions.

This helped us bridge the gap between production yields, quality and quantity. The receipt and
transmission of information from multiple sensors in the database in the real time ensures faster

action and less damage to crops

Reference

Ayaz, Muhammad, et al., “Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based smart agriculture: Toward making the

fields talk.” IEEE Access 7 (2019): 129551-129583.

Chowhan, Rahul Singh, and Purva Dayya. “Sustainable smart farming for masses using modern

ways of internet of things (IoT) into agriculture.” Smart Devices, Applications, and

Protocols for the IoT. IGI Global, 2019. 189-219.

Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib, et al., “A Survey on the Role of IoT in Agriculture for the

Implementation of Smart Farming.” IEEE Access 7 (2019): 156237-156271. IBEF

Report: https://www.ibef.org/industry/agriculture-presentation.

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