PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32

PRACTICE PAPER 05 (2024-25)

History - Chapter 02 Nationalism in India
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE MAX. MARKS : 40
CLASS : X DURATION : 1½ hrs
General Instructions:
(i). All questions are compulsory.
(ii). This question paper contains 18 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
(iii). Section A comprises of 8 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 3 questions of 2 marks
each. Section C comprises of 4 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 2 questions of
5 marks each and Section E comprises of 1 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 8 carry 1 mark each.

1. Look at the given picture. Identify the name of the painter of this painting from the following
options.

(a) Abhahindra Nath Tagore (b) Rabindra Nath Tagore

(c) Raja Ravi Verma (d) Samant Das Gupta
Ans. (c) Raja Ravi Verma
Raja Ravi Verma was one of the most renowned painters of India and he made some of the best-
known paintings in India.

2. Identify the correct option that describes the act given below.
(I) The Act was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council.
(II) It gave power to the government to repress political activities.
(III) It empowered the government to detain political prisoners without trial.
Options:
(a) Rowlatt Act
(b) Vernacular Press Act
(c) Government of India Act
(d) Inland Emigration Act
Ans. (a) Rowlatt Act
The Rowlatt act was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in 1919 despite opposition from
the Indian members on the council. It gave the British officials more control to suppress the
militant nationalist struggles and to curtail the liberty of the people.

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3. Identify from the following options, the appropriate reason for the non-participation of industrial
workers in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(a) Industrialists were close to the Congress.
(b) British offered them good salaries.
(c) They were reluctant to boycott foreign goods.
(d) Growth of socialism.
Ans. (a) Industrialists were close to the Congress.
The industrial working classes did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement in large
numbers, except in the Nagpur region. As the industrialists became closer to the Congress,
workers stayed aloof because they had different and conflicting interests.

4. Identify the leader with the help of the given hints:

He was associated with the formation of 'Swaraj Party' within the Congress.
(a) Subhas Chandra Bose (b) Motilal Nehru
(c) Jawahar Lal Nehru (d) Dadabhai Naoroji
Ans. (b) Motilal Nehru
Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das organised Swaraj Party within Congress to contest the council
elections which had been boycotted by the Indian National Congress due to the ongoing National
Movement. This is the picture of the Leader.

5. Which of the following organisations was/were formed by industrialists in colonial India?

(a) Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920.
(b) Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
(c) Economic Congress of India
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans. (d) Both (a) and (b)
Indian merchants and industrialists like Purshotamdas Thakurdas and G.D. Birla formed the
FICCI in 1927 and IICC in 1920 to organise their business interests.

6. Arrange the following statements in sequential order based on the events that took place in India
prior to independence.
(I) Poorna Swaraj resolution was passed.
(II) Boycott of the Simon Commission.
(III) Quit India Movement launched.
(IV) Salt march and the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Options:
(a) (IV), (III), (II), (I) (b) (II), (I), (IV), (III)
(c) (I), (IV), (III), (II) (d) (I), (II), (III), (IV)
Ans. (b) (II), (I), (IV), (III)
Poorna Swaraj resolution was passed in 1929. Boycott of the Simon Commission in 1927. Quit
India Movement launched in 1942. Salt march and the beginning of the Civil Disobedience
Movement in 1930.

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In the following questions 7 and 8, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

7. Assertion (A): The non-cooperation movement was adopted in Madras Congress session in
1919.
Reason (R): Chauri Chaura was the place where non-cooperation movement was called off.
Ans. (d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true
At the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, the Non- Cooperation Movement was
adopted after long discussions.
Chauri Chaura witnessed a violent clash between the people and policemen where people burnt
the police station on the pretext of protest. Gandhiji called-off the movement as he supported
protests only through Nonviolent methods.

8. Assertion (A): In 1917, Gandhiji organised a Satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda
district of Gujarat.
Reason (R): The peasants were affected by crop failure and plague epidemic. They could not
pay the revenue and were demanding that revenue collection be relaxed.
Ans. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A)
The peasants wanted that their revenue collection be relaxed because they were at a complete
loss because of the epidemic. Gandhiji came forward and organized a Satyagraha to provide
them with a platform to raise their voice.

SECTION – B
Questions 9 to 11 carry 2 marks each.
9. Why was the rural population in India dissatisfied with the British rule?
Ans. The rural population was extremely dissatisfied with the British rule because:
(i) They were being forcefully recruited in the army of the British against foreign nations.
(ii) They were agitated because they were being forced to fight even though they didn't want to.

10. Which were the two types of demands of Gandhiji in his letter to Viceroy Irwin on 31st January
1930?
Ans. On 31st January, 1930, Gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.
Their features are as follows:
(i) Some of these demands were of general interest; others were specific demands from various
classes, from industrialists to peasants.
(ii) The demands were wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with
them.
(iii) They were universal. They affected every section of the society in one way or the other.
OR
Why did the Non-cooperation movement gradually slow down in the cities? Explain.
Ans. (i) The Non-cooperation movement gradually slowed down in the cities due to a lack of
alternative Indian goods to the boycotted foreign goods.
(ii) People could not boycott cheap machinemade foreign cloth for long because khadi was
expensive.
(iii) Also, people couldn’t boycott British administered schools, colleges and courts completely
because there were no alternative Indian institutions for them to study or work.

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 (iv) They had to run back to these institutions to earn and sustain. They were getting frustrated
and impatient due to continuous struggle.

11. Explain any two problems faced by the peasants of Awadh.

Ans. Major problems faced by the peasants of Awadh were:
(i) The landlords and talukdars of Awadh demanded exorbitantly high land rent and a number of
other cesses from the peasants.
(ii) The peasants were compelled to do begar, that is, they had to work at the landlord’s farm
without payment.
(iii) As tenants, the peasants had no security of tenure and were often evicted from their land,
they could not acquire any right over the leased land.

SECTION – C
Questions 12 to 15 carry 3 marks each.
12. Gandhi was vehemently against the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919,
popularly known as the Rowlatt Act. Elaborate.
Ans. Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed:
(i) This act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united
opposition of the Indian members.
(ii) It enabled the British government to repress political activities. They could detain any
political prisoners without trial for two years.
(iii) Gandhi and other leaders organised rallies in various cities, workers went on strike in
railway workshops, and shops were closed down.

13. How did the Indian merchants and industrialists relate themselves to the Civil Disobedience
Movement? Explain.
Ans. (1i) Indian merchants and industrialists were keen on expanding their business, and reacted
against colonial policies that restricted business activities.
(ii) They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods, and a rupeesterling foreign
exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
(iii) To organise business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress
in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
(iv) Led by prominent industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G. D. Birla, the
industrialists attacked colonial control over the Indian economy, and supported the Civil
Disobedience Movement
(v) They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
(vi) Most businessmen wanted to flourish trade without constraints.

14. Simon Commission was greeted with slogan ‘Go back Simon’ at arrival in India. Support this
reaction of Indians with arguments.
Ans. Simon Commission:
(i) The new government in Britain constituted a Statutory Commission under Sir John Simon.
(ii) It was set up in response to the Nationalist Movement.
(iii) The Commission was to look into the functioning of the Constitutional System in India and
suggest changes.
(iv) The problem was that the Commission didn‘t have a single Indian Member.
(v) When the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan ‘Go
back, Simon’.
(vi) All parties, including the Congress and the Muslim League, participated in the
demonstrations.

15. How did the tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of ‘Swaraj’
? Explain.

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 Ans. The Tribal Peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of ‘Swaraj’ as
follows:
(i) Tribal Peasants didn’t conform to Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas of non-violence. They were
inclined towards an ‘attack and injure’ policy to achieve Swaraj.
(ii) In the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerilla movement was started by peasants,
against the colonial government’s decision of closing large forest areas, and preventing people
from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits.
(iii) Peasant leader Alluri Sitaram Raju, persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking ,
but asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not nonviolence.
(iv) Deprived of their traditional rights and livelihood, enraged rebels attacked police stations,
attempted to kill British officials and carried or guerrilla warfare for achieving Swaraj, thus
completely straying away from Gandhi’s mantra of nonviolence and satyagraha.
OR
Explain any two provisions of the Rowlatt Act and its impact.
Ans. Provisions of the Rowlatt Act were:
(i) It gave government the power to repress any political activity or demonstration.
(ii) It also allowed for detention of political prisoners without any trial for two years.
(iii) Under this, the British government could arrest anyone and search any place without a
warrant.
The Impact of the Rowlatt Act can be understood as :
(i) Rallies were organised in various cities in India.
(ii) Workers in the railway workshop went on strike.
(iii) Shops were shut down in protest in various parts of the country.
(iv) British police fired upon a peaceful procession, provoking widespread attacks on banks, post
offices and railway stations.

SECTION – D
Questions 16 to 17 carry 5 marks.
16. Define the term 'Civil Disobedience Movement' Describe the participation of rich and poor
peasant communities in the 'Civil Disobedience Movement'.
Ans. Definition of Civil Disobedience Movement: Civil Disobedience Movement refers to the
act by a group of people by refusing to obey laws or pay taxes, as a peaceful way of expressing
their disapproval of those laws or taxes and in order to persuade the government to change them.
Gandhiji and Martin Luther King both conducted Civil Disobedience Movements in their
respective countries to get rid of the exploitation and oppression offered by their colonial rulers.
(i) Rich Peasants: Depression and fall in prices affected them badly. They demanded reduction in
land revenue. Swaraj meant reduction of taxes for them. They were disappointed when the
movement was called off
(ii) Poor Peasants: Depression affected them badly. They demanded reduction in rent. Swaraj
meant reduction of rent for them. They joined Communist and revolutionary movements.
OR
Describe the role of Alluri Sitaram Raju in Andhra Pradesh during 1920s.
Ans. The role of Alluri Sitaram Raju in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh is as follows:
(i) Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers like making astrological
predictions, healing people and surviving bullet shots.
(ii) The rebels proclaimed him as an incarnation of God.
(iii) Raju was inspired by Gandhiji’s Non- Cooperation Movement.
(iv) They persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
(v) But at the same time, he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not
non-violence.
(vi) Used guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj.

17. Explain the measures taken by Gandhiji to eliminate the problem of untouchability.
Ans. Following methods were adopted by Gandhiji to eliminate untouchability:

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 (i) Mahatma Gandhi declared that swaraj would not come for a hundred years if untouchability
was not eliminated.
(ii) He called the ‘untouchables’ harijan or the children of God.
(iii) He organized satyagraha to secure their entry into temples and access to public well, tanks,
roads and schools.
(iv) He himself cleaned toilets to dignify the work of bhangi , the sweepers.
(v) He persuaded upper castes to change their heart and give up ‘the sin of untouchability’.
OR
Why was the ‘Salt March’ considered an effective symbol of resistance against Colonialism?
Explain.
Ans. Salt March:
(i) Salt was consumed by all the sections of the society.
(ii) It was the most essential item of food.
(iii) The tax on salt and the government monopoly over production was the height of British
oppression in India.
(iv) Gandhiji found salt as a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
(v) On 31st January 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.
(vi) The idea was to make the demands wide ranging, so that all classes within Indian society
could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign.
(vii) The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax.

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 18 carry 4 marks each.
18. The movement started with the participation of the middle-class in the cities. Thousands of
students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and
lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces
except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the
council was one way of gaining some power something that usually only Brahmas had access to.

The effects of Non-cooperation movement on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign
goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The
import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from Rs. 102 crore to
Rs. 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance
foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes
and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.
(a) Explain the role of the Justice Party in boycotting council elections. [1]
(b) How were the effects of ‘Non-cooperation movement on the economic front’ dramatic? [1]
(c) Explain the effect of the ‘boycott’ movement on ‘foreign textile trade’. [2]

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 Ans. (a) The Justice Party in Madras (Chennai) wanted to contest the council elections to gain
power and authority which was only available to Brahmans till then.
(b) Merchants burnt foreign clothes in huge bonfires, refusing to buy foreign goods completely
and even picketed liquor shops. Import of foreign goods reduced to half due to their dramatic
reaction.
(c) The boycott movement affected foreign trade negatively.
(i) Imports of clothes were reduced to half in initial value. Businessmen refused to finance
foreign trade or wear foreign goods.
(ii) People began discarding imported clothes and started wearing only Indian made fabrics from
mills and handlooms.

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