GRAMMAR N°1 : Asking and Answering
In order to succeed in question answering you need to consider whether it is a
closed-question (also called yes/no question) or open-question (wh-question)
II- Yes/No questions or closed questions
Structure of the questions: Auxiliary+subject+verb+….. ?
Structure of answer: Yes, subject+ auxiliary
No, subject+ auxiliary
eg: Do you understand?
Yes, we do
No, we don’t
1 - Wh-questions /open-questions
When
Structure of the question: What + Auxiliary+subject+verb+….. ?
Why
(….)
eg 1: What do you understand?
NB 1: Wh(...)+Verb+( Complement) ? is also possible when wh-
question is considered as the subject
eg 2: Who teaches you Law English ?
Structure of the answer: Subject+Verb +Complement…
eg 1: I understand this part.
eg 2:It is Dr Ouattara.
NB 2: Most wh-questions begin with a question word + an auxiliary verb + the subject…. An
auxiliary verb is a form of be or have or a modal verb, e.g. can. (Who/whom…?Where…?
When…? Why…? What…? Whose…?)
Question words Function
What…? Identification of Things, animals
Who…? Identification of Person(s) subject
Whom…? Identification of Person(s) object
Why…? Identification of Cause, reason, explanation
When…? Identification of Time, period, moment, date
Where…? Identification of Place, location
How…? Identification of Manner, the way in which something is done.
Whose…? Identification of The person(s) something belongs to
Which…? Identification of Choice among many things.
EXERCISE 1 Ask questions using the questions words given.
Model : He will graduate from the University next year. (When?)
1
When will he graduate from the University ?
1.He visits us on Sundays. (Who?)
2.He visit us on Sundays. (Who?)
3. He will visit us on Sundays. (Who ?)
4.The delegation arrives in the evening. (When ?)
5. Our students took part in the meeting. (What?)
6. She will teach English at school. (Where?)
EXERCISE 2 : Answer the following questions
1. Where do you study ?
2. Did you live in the hotel last year ?
3. Will you take part in the conference ?
4. When will you pass your entrance examination ?
5. Where does your friend study ?
6. Do your parents work at plant ?
7. Did you go to the theatre yesterday ?
8. When did you finish school ?
9. Do you often see your school-friends ?
EXERCISE 3: Put special questions to the words given in bold type.
1. We discussed the plan for the second term at the meeting.
2. The best students receive scholarships.
3. He didn’t follow my advice.
4. They will play footall after the lessons.
5. The seminar will take place on Monday.
6. We go to the English lab twice a week.
7. My friend works at the people’s court.
8. They spent their vacations in the Crimea.
9. The doctor will come in the afternoon.
10. The students went to the canteen after the lectures.
TEXT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO LAW
2
The English word ‘‘law’’ (Scandinavian borrowing) refers to limits upon various forms
of behavior. Some laws are descriptive_ They simply describe how people usually behave.
Other laws are prescriptive_They precribe how people ought to behave.
In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescritive laws. Some of them
are customs, that is, informal rules of social and moral behaviour. Some are rules of social and
moral behaviour. Some are rules we accept if we belong to particular social institutions, such
as religious, educational and cultural group. And some are precise laws made by nations and
enforced against all citizens within their power.
Customs need not be made by government, and they need not be written down. We learn
how we should behave in society through the instruction of family and teachers, the advice of
friends, and our own experiences. The rules of social institutions tend to be more formal than
customs. Governments often consider anti-social behaviour not simply as a matter between
two individuals but as a danger to well-being and order of society as whole. The laws made by
the government of one country are often very different from the laws of another country. Law
today is, to a large extent, a complex of different and relatively independent national systems.
I- Vocabulary check.
Matching the synonyms :
1) Law a)affair
2)precise b) very large
3)matter c) a single person
4)individual d) act
5)great e) exact
II-Comprehension check
Answer the following questions :
1.What does the word ‘‘law’’ refer to ?
2.What are descriptive and precriptive laws ?
3.What is the difference between customs and the rules of social institutions ?
4.What is law today ?
III- Grammar
Build questions out of the statements below according to the bold words :
1) The rules of social institutions tend to be more formal than customs.
2) The rules of social institutions tend to be more formal than customs.
3) Customs need not be made by government.
4) Customs need not be made by government.
5) We learn how we should behave in society.
IV- Writing
In a six-line paragraph at most, speak of the importance of law.
