1 .

ignore= pay no attention= not pay any attention= take no notice= not take
any notice 忽略， 无视 v.

2. encounter=face=confront=meet 遇见， 遭遇 v.

3. mistaken view=misconception 错误的观点 n.

4. easy to reach=accessible 容易达到的 adj.

5. change=modify(modification) 改 变 v.

6. destruction=destroy=loss 毁坏 n.

7 . investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调 查 v.

8 . where= geographical location 表 地 点

9 . important= vital= essential= crucial 重 要 的 adj.

1 0. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus 原因 n.

11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation 保护 v.

12. newspapers, television=media 媒体 n.

13. where to live=habitat 居住地 n.

14. get warmer=global warming 变暖 n.

15. contribute to=play a part 有助于 v.

16. survive=continuing existence 幸存， 活下来 v.

17. curriculum=course=syllabus 课程 n.

18. link to=be connected with=be linked with 把…和…相联系 v.

1 9 . underdeveloped= degenerated= rudimentary 不 发 达 的 adj.

20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak 贫穷的， 可怜的

adj.

21.
exceptional= good= excellent= outstanding= brilliant= impressive= admirable 超
常的， 例外的 adj.

22. mating=courtship 交配.

23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker 跟随， 跟踪 v.

24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful …好的视力

2 5 . best= well= greatest= finest= ideal= top= number one

= ultimate= optimum= definitive= unsurpassed= record- breaking 极 好 的 adj.

2 6 . surprised= amazed= astonished= astounded= be taken aback= startled 感 到 惊

讶 的 adj.

27. volunteer=subject 实验研究对象 n.

2 8. similar=resemble=like=alike 相似的 adj.

29. blind=can not see 瞎的 adj.

1 . initiative= on your own/ by yourself= independently= on your

own initiative= under your own steam= to be the person who
starts something=plan=law 主动的， 自发的 adj. 主动权 n.

2 . increase= go up= rise= grow= climb= gain= escalate= pick up= widen= be
on the increase=intensify=expand=build up 上升， 增加 v.

3 . teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up 教学 v.

4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language 多种语言 n.

5 . determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决 定 v.

6 . young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor 年轻人 n.

7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体， 团体， 社区

n.

8 . traditional= old- fashioned= outdated= outmoded= unfashionable 传 统 的 adj.

9 . fail= failure= not

succeed= unsuccessful= vain= fruitless= unproductive= be a failure= go
wrong=not work=do no good=fall through 失败 v.

1 0 . endanger= to put someone or something in danger of

being hurt=damaged=destroyed 危及， 使危险 v.
1 1. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed 各种各样的 adj.

1 2. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid 不可避免的 adj.

13. differ from=unusual 与…不同 v.

1 4 . reluctant= unwilling= not willing= drag your feet= be loath to

do something= conservative 勉 强 的 adj.

15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice 资询 v.

1 6 . alternative= another= other= different= new= else= variation= variant 另 一 个

1 7. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of

treatment for physical or mental illness 临床医学家 n.

18. retrain=taking courses 再教育 v.

19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee 工资， 收入 n.

20.

long- term= chronic= long- running= long-

standing= lasting= lifelong= prolonged= li
ngering= enduring= abiding= incurable 长 期 的 adj.

2 1 . complaint= complain= make a complaint= protest= object= complain 抱 怨 n.

22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection 疾 病 n.

2 3. connection=relationship=link=correlation 联 系 n.
24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody
good= wholesome= nutritious= nourishing= healthful 有 益 的 adj.

25. insight=comprehension=understanding 理解， 见解 n.

2 6. physical=relating to the body=bodily 身体的 adj.

27. hazard=risk=danger=threat 障碍， 危险 n.

28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit 陪伴,伴随

29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind 精神上的， 心理的 adj.

3 0 . possible= possibility= can= potential= there is a chance/ possibility 可 能 的 adj.

3 1. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减 少 n.

3 2. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety 种类 n.

33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise 排练， 演习 n.

34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who
have the same type of job, social class etc 同 伴 n.

3 5 . defensive= used or intended to protect someone or something

againstattack 防御 n.

3 6. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法， 功略 n.
37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of 帮 助 v.

3 8 . specific= give ( somebody) more details= expand on= enlarge on= go

into more= greater detail= be more specific= be more explicit= elaborate 特
定的 adj.

39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物 质 n.

4 0 . surroundings= environment= circumstance 环 境 n.

41. engage= give somebody a job= employ= take on= appoint= recruit= sign up
雇佣 v.

42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute 联合 v.

43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist 幸存 n.

Cambridge 4 TEST 3

1. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you

repeat in

a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引 言 n.

2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical

example of something=to give an example of something 例 证 v.

3. explain=tell=say what/why/where
etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light
on=set out 解释 v.
4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main
points but not the details 概 述 v.

5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end 目 的 n.

6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do
something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up
to 鼓

励 v.

7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷 款 n.

8. poverty= being poor 贫穷 n.

9. crime= illegal activities in general 犯 罪 n.

10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒 绝 v.

11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage=

appoint=recruit=sign up 雇 佣 v.

12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere

快递 员 n.

13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存 储 n.

14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a

particular purpose 设 备 n.
15. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive=
determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的， 雄心壮志的 adj.

16. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive 努力

n.

17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems

important, interesting, or typical； a part of the land, especially a part
that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc 特
点 n.

18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地 球 n.

19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预

测 的 adj.

20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of

processes for doing
something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机 械 n.

21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important

aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final 最终的， 根本的 adj.

22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the
mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth 气氛; 大气 n.

23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come

up=turn up=arise=strike 发生 v.

24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch 扩张， 扩大 v.

25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape 形 式 n.

26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into

sight=come out=reappear 出 现 v.

27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出， 放射 n.

28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight 情况， 状况 n.

29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or

what other people think of you 自觉的 n.

30. generate= to make someone have a particular

feeling= form=produce=create 产 生 v.

31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a

variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of
something=assorted=amix

of something=a mixture of something 各种各样的 adj.

32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and

quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方 便 的 adj.

33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested 客

观的 adj.

34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go

into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调 查
35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note
become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive 观 察 v.

36. comment=remark=thing to
say=point=statement=
announcement=declaration=observation 评论

37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of 包含， 包

括 v.

38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate 专注于 v.

39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect=

make a difference=impact 影 响 v.

40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have

its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop
from/evolve

from 产生于…. V.

41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about

something important 关心， 担心 n.

1. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record 官方的， 正式的 adj.

2 . athletic= physically strong and good at sport= fit= be in shape= be in

good condition 运动的 adj.
3 . intensive= involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short
period of time=rapid=crash course 密集的， 加强的 adj.

4 . burst= a short sudden effort or increase in

activity= burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸， 突发

5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell 认出， 承认 v.

6 . inadequate= not enough= too little= few= scarce= insufficient= be in

short supply= lack of something=beshort 不 足 的 adj.

7 . develop= come from= be based on= originate= go back to= have its
origins in= have its roots in= derive from= be derived from= be founded
on= grow out

of=develop from=evolve from 发展， 生长 v.

8 . enable= make something possible= allow= permit= pave the way

for= clear the way for 使能够 v.

9 . predict= anticipate= forecast= foretell= prediction= projected= guess in

advance 预 测 v.

1 0. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very

skilled at it=expert 专 家 n.

1 1. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas,

rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience 理 论 的 adj.
12.

basic= fundamental= essential= central= underlying= simple= crude= primitive

= rudi mentary= unsophisticated= low- tech 基 本 的 adj.

1 3 . nature= plants/ animals etc= somebody' s

character= qualities of something=type 自 然 n.

1 4. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end 目 的 n.

1 5 . translate= change languages= interpret= put something

into English/French/Japanese etc 翻 译 v.

1 6 . ancient= belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of

years ago 古 老 的 adj.

1 7 . realistic= when pictures, films etc make things seem

real= lifelike= realism= true to life=vivid 实际的， 现实的

18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere 领 域 n.

19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it； a piece of
written work that is stored on a computer 文 件 n.

2 0. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else 平等的 adj.

2 1 . influence= effect= side effect= impact= what something does

to= the implications 影 响 n.
2 2 . behavior= manner= conduct= behave= well- behaved= good= be on
your best=stay out of trouble 行 为 n.

2 3 . compare= to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how

they are similar to or different from each other= liken= make a
comparison= draw an analogy= draw a parallel= contrast 比 较 v.

2 4. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or

business 经济上地 adv.

2 5 . establish= determine= identify= pinpoint= diagnose= to start a new

business or organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.

26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment;

able to continue for a long time 可持续的 adj.

2 7 . realize= know= be/ become aware= can tell= appreciate= be

conscious= know perfectly well= know/ learn from experience 意 识 到 v.

28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限 制

29. produce=form=create=generate 生 产 v.

3 0 . guarantee= promise= assure= give somebody your

word= swear= vow= commit to=pledge 保 证 v.

31. liberty=freedom=a free hand 自 由 n.

32. independence= self-sufficiency= self-reliance 独 立 n.

3 3 . consistent= always behaving in the same way or having the same

attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval 持续的 adj.

3 4 . underestimate= to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper,

easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or
skilful, as they really are 低 估 v.

3 5 . provision= when you provide something that someone needs now or in

the future 提 供 n.

1. produce=develop=manufacture 生 产 v.

2. central=middle 中心的 adj.

3. did not have=without 没 有 v.

4 . bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer 带 来 v.

5. time limit=deadline 时间限制， 期限 n.

6 . increase= go
up/ rise= grow= climb= gain= escalate= expand= pick
up= widen= intensify= build up 增 加

7 . assistant=helper=coach 助 手 n.
8.
immense= big= major= considerable= great= huge/ enormous= tremendous= larg
e scale/ large-scale 巨大的 adj.

9 . illustrate= show= be a sign= demonstrate= mean= make

clear= reflect= tell= be evidence=reveal 表明， 显示 v.

1 0. quotation= a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.

11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，
前 任 n.

12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport,
business, a fight etc=competitor 对手， 竞争者 n.

1 3 . distraction= something that stops you paying attention to what you are
doing 分心的事物 n.

1 4 . fault= defect= problem= trouble= flaw= weakness = bug= virus= be

something wrong with 错误， 缺点

15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基 石 n.

1 6. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给 予 v.

1 7. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing 稳定 n.

18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day 流行,获胜 v.

1 9 . contract= agreement= understanding= compromise 合 约 n.

2 0. grant=award=present=confer=allocate 给 予 v.

2 1 . fascinate= if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to

them and think they are extremely interesting 吸引， 使着迷 v.

2 2. disturb= interrupt= bother= distract= put somebody off 打 扰 v.

23. expect=think=anticipate 预期， 期待 v.

2 4 . psychology= the study of the mind and how it influences people' s

behavior 心 理 学 n.

2 5 . obey= comply with= abide by= keep to= stick to the rules= conform
to= observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，

顺从 v.

2 6. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身 份 n.

2 7 . severity= used of the degree of something undesirable 严 重 性 n.

2 8. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开， 发生 v.

2 9 . deliberately= intentionally= on purpose= purposely 故 意 地 adv.

3 0 . moral= relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and
with the difference between good and evil 道德上的， 与道德有关的 adj.
31. prior to=before=previous 在…前面

3 2. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times 重 复 n.

33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics 基因的， 遗传学的 adj.

3 4 . sacrifice= when you decide not to have something valuable, in order

to get something that is more important 牺 牲 v.

35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者 n.

3 6. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.

37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说 服 v.

38. surrender=give in 投降， 放弃 v.

3 9. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not

exist anymore=disappear=vanish 灭绝的， 绝种的 adj.

40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的， 丰富的 adj.

41. exaggerate=overstate 夸张， 夸大 v.

4 2 . phenomenon= something that happens or exists in society, science, or

nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to
understand 现 象 n.

43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识， 观念， 看法 n.

4 4. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection 印象， 感想 n.

45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权
利 /资格 v.

46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation 扭曲， 曲解 v.

4 7. dispose= to arrange things or put them in their

places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排， 处理 v.

4 8 . intuition= the ability to understand or know something because of a

feeling rather than by considering the facts= instinct 直 觉 n.

49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air 排放物， 散发物 n.

50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少， 减小 v.

51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期， 推迟 v.

5 2 . crucial= important= critical= vital= necessary= essential 至 关 重 要 的 adj.

5 3 . pessimistic= expecting that bad things will happen in the future or

that something will have a bad result= getting worse 悲 观 的 adj.

54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试， 努力

Cambridge 5 TEST 2

1. similar=like=resemble 相似的 adj.

2. derive=originate=come from=stem from 起 源 v.

3.
impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement
动 机， 动力 n.

4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture 产 生 v.

5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴 随 v.

6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因 素 n.

7. unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special

独特 的 adj.

8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase 进 步 n.

9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector 领 域 n.

10. alternative=substitute=replacement 替代物 n.

11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例 如

12. resource=material=source 资源， 来源 n.

13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite 有限的 adj.

14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含， 牵涉 v.

15. current=modern=recent=present 最近的 adj.

16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique 特别的， 独有的 adj.

17. draw on=absorb=do with 吸 收 v.

18. settle on=make choice of=decide on 选 定 v.

19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality 优 势 n.

20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴， 伴随 v.

21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观 点 n.

22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine 人工智能 n.

23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to 与 …有关联 v.

24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行， 发表 v.

25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough 困难的 adj.

26. task=job=work=labour 任务， 工作 n.

27. instantly=rapidly=immediately 立即地 adv.

28. react=respond 反 应 v.

29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与 …有关系 v.

30. subject views=outlook=personal/individual

views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点 n.
31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so
that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not
completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲， 歪曲 v.

32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解， 想出 v.

33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment 评估， 估计 v.

34. emerge=appear=come forth 出 现 v.

35. remain=keep=stay=maintain 保 持 v.

36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage 利用， 使用 n.

37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture 培养， 养育 v.

38. overtake=catch up=sweep over 赶上， 压倒 v.

39. initial=original=premier 最初的， 开始的 adj.

40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet 然而， 但是 adv.

1 . outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果， 后果 n.

2. overcome=win=get over=exceed 克服， 战胜 v.

3 . insufficient= deficient= shortage= lack= scarcity 不 足 的 adj.

4 . supply=provide=furnish=give 提 供 v.
5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始， 投放 v.

6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think 猜想， 设想 v.

7. detect=perceive=explore=sense 发觉， 觉察 v.

8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍， 困难 n.

9 . peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same
type of job, social class etc.同龄人， 伙伴 n.

1 0 . positive= optimistic= uplifting 积 极 的 adj.

11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform 执行， 管理 v.

12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金， 基金 n.

13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other,
work together etc. 互 动 v.

1 4. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌 溉 n.

1 5 . sedimentation= the natural process by which small pieces of rock,

earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积 淀 n.

16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in 打断， 打扰 v.

17. process=procedure=method=approach 过 程 n.
1 8. threat=danger=intimidation 威 胁 n.

19. valuable=precious=worthy 宝贵的， 珍贵的 adj.

20. construct=build=make=found 建 造 v.

2 1. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for

something bad 责备， 怪罪 v.

22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate 鼓励， 刺激 v.

2 3. long-term=long-run=long-period 长期的 adj.

24. impact=affect=influence=effect 影 响 v.&n.

25. occur=happen=exist=come 发 生 v.

2 6. contain=include=cover=possess 包 含 v.

2 7 . military= battlefield= martial 军 事 的 adj.

28. separate=disparate=distinct=different 分开的， 不同的 adj.

2 9. vanish=extinct=disappear 消 失 v.

30. consciousness=awareness 意 识 n.

31. ignite=light=inflame 点 燃 v.

32. encompass=include=contain=cover 包含， 围绕 v.

33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel 认 为 v.

34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general 广泛的， 普遍的 adj.

35. launch=coin=project=release=issue 创新， 开辟 v.

36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day 同时代的 adj.

37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的， 可能的 adj.

38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance 展望， 希望 n.

39. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint 感觉， 领悟 n.

1 . community=organization=group=body 团体 n.

2. fragile=delicate 脆弱的 adj.

3 . remote= distant 遥 远 的 adj.

4 . require=desire=order=command 要 求 v.

5. inhabitant=resident=dweller 居住者， 居民 n.

6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果， 因此 adv.

7 . destination=goal=end point=terminus 目的地 n.

8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end 自始至终， 到处， 全部 adv.

9. operate=act=run 运 转 v.

10. output=product 输出， 产品 n.

11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下 降 n.

1 2. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破 坏 v.

13. revive=renaissance 复 兴 v.

14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon 罕见的， 不寻常的 adj.

15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general 普通的,平常的 adj.

16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins 碎片 n.

17. break=shatter=crack 打碎， 打破 v.

1 8. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的 n. &adj.

19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think 坚持， 坚称 v.

20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance 扩张， 扩大 v.

2 1 . suppress= control= restrain= repress= put

down= oppress= inhibit= ban= forbid= stifle 压 制
v.

2 2. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed 加 速 v.

2 3. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate 检查， 调查 v.
24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue 争论， 争执 n.&v.

2 5. detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉， 发现 v.

2 6. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe 声 称 v.

27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence 提示， 信号， 暗号 n.

2 8. unpredictable= fluctuate= changeable 无法预测的 adj.

29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为

30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire 鼓励， 促使 v.

3 1. considerable=plenty=big=major=important 数量可观的 adj.

32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管， 不顾

3 3. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable 充足的,适当的 adj.

34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of 保证，

确 保 v.

3 5 . suitable= appropriate= proper= adequate= matching 合 适 的 adj.

1. exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交 流 v.

2. expertise=skill 专门技术 n.

3. employ=analyze=study 使 用 v.

4. investigation=analysis 调 查 n.
5. narrow=focus on 缩小范围 v.

6. reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复 制 v.

7. funded support=finance 资 金 n.

8. athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员 n.

9. calculate=measure 计 算 v.

10. event=championship 赛 事 n.

11. plan=prepare=design 计 划 v.

1 2. improve=grow=get better 进 步 v.

13. trade=economy 贸 易 n.

14. transport=import or export=deliver 运 输 v.

15. local=domestic=native=indigenous 当 地的 adj.

16. weakening= less= reduced= decreased 下降的 adj.

17. value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价 值 n.

18. delivery=export or import 运 输 n.

19. nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近 邻 n.

2 0 . international= ocean= global= worldwide 国 际 的 adj.

21. shipping=freight 船 运 n.

22. cargo=freight=goods 货 物 n.

23. tariff=charge=fee=tax 税 费 n.

2 4 . landscape= environment= nature= surrounding= circumstance= view 风 景

n.

2 5 . difficult= harsh= demanding= tough= challenging 困 难 的 adj.

2 6. essential supplies=foodand clothing=necessities 必 需 品 n.

27. supply=provision=support 供 给 n.

2 8. grow= increase= rise= improve= go up= boost= expand= extend 增 长 v.

2 9 . respect= credibility= weight= hour= admiration= consideration 尊 重 n.

3 0. understanding=knowledge 了 解 n.

31. well-being=health 健 康 n.

3 2. impossible=out of thequestion=unlikely 不 可 能 adj.

3 3. catch=exploit=capture 抓 捕 v.

3 4 . surrounding= environment= circumstance 环 境 n.

3 5. push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限

36. not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的

3 7. present inhabitant=descendant 居 民

38. give up=abandon 放 弃

3 9. mainly=heavily=most 主要地

40. visit=venture 参 观

4 1. 1. successfully= spectacularly well= wonderfully 成功地 adv.

42. 2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量 n.

43. 3. commute=travel 通 勤 v.

44. 4. higher=increasing=more 更 高 的 adj.

4 5. 5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收 入 n.

46. 6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有 益 的 adj.

47. 7. together=face to face 共 同

48. 8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反 驳 v.

49. 9. accommodation=live=living condition 住 宿 n.

50. 10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用 处 n.

51. 11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的

52. 12. limited=minimal 有 限的 adj.

53. 13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转 移

5 4. 14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表 明

5 5. 15. related=associated 有关联的 adj.

56. 16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受 (病痛) v.

57. 17. research=study=investigation=survey 研 究 n.

58. 18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影 响 v.

5 9. 19. disease=medical complain=illness 病 痛 n.

6 0. 20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上 升 v.

61. 21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关 系 n.

6 2. 22. considerable= significant= substantial= massive= marked 大量的 adj.

63. 23. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下 降 n.

64. 24. elderly people=old people 老 人 n.

65. 25. independent=self-reliant 自 立 的 adj.

66. 26. regular=daily 定期的 adj.

67. 27. exercise=physical activity 运 动 n.

6 8. 28. challenging= difficult= tough= demanding 有挑战性的 adj.

6 9. 29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下 降 v.

70. 30. lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的 adj.

7 1. 31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手 势 n.

7 2. 32. restricted=limited 有限的 adj.

73. 33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定 义 n.

74. 34. specific=particular=detailed 特 定的 adj.

75. 35. early=older 早 期 的 adj.

7 6. 36. fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完 成 v.

77. 37. sufficient=enough 足够的 adj.

78. 38. quantity=how many=amount 数 量 n.

79. 39. misunderstanding=confusion 误 解 n.

80. 40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防 止 v.

81. 41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫 穷 adj.

82. 42. newer=later=recent=present 新 的 adj.

83. 43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖 先 n.

84. 1. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教 育 v.

85. 2. actor=star 演 员 n.

86. 3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的 adj.

87. 4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节 n.

88. 5. globe=world 世 界 n.

89. 6. early=first=ancient 早期的 adj.

90. 7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝

91. 8. describe=tell 描 述 v.

9 2. 9. realistic=achievable 现实的 adj.

93. 10. target=goal=aim 目 标 n.

9 4. 11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反 馈 n.

95. 12. match to=suit to 合 适

96. 13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖 励 n.

9 7. 14. link to= make something contingent on= associate

with= connect with=relate to 联系起来

98. 15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成 就 n.

99. 16. remuneration=payment 酬 金 n.

100. 17. tend to=prone to 倾向于

101. 18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感

觉 v.

102. 19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参 加 v.

103. 20. staff=employee=worker 员 工 n.

104. 21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的 adj.

105. 22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员 n.

1 06. 23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评 判 v.

107. 24. job=work=assignment 工 作 n.

1 08. 25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后

v.

109. 26. growing old=ageing 变 老

110. 27. people=mortal=people=individual 人 n.

111. 28. life=lifespan 生 命

1 12. 29.
chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机
会 n.
113. 30. production=generation=output 产 量 n.

114. 31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜 想 n.

1 15. 32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于

116. 33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短 缺的 adj.

117.Cambridge 6 TEST 4

118. 1. drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司 n.

119. 2. promotion=marketing 营 销 n.

120. 3. increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上 升 v.

121. 4. research=study=survey=investigation 研 究 n.

122. 5. work=be an effective way=be

useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out
奏 效 v.

123. 6. technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技 术 n.

124. 7. criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批 评
n.

125. 8. moral=ethical 道 德 的 adj.

126. 9. legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合

法的 adj.

127. 10. money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱 n.

128. 11. adults=men and women 成 人 n.

129. 12. maternal=mother=female 母亲的 adj.

130. 13. education=literacy=cultivation 教 育 n.

131. 14. child=infant=kid 孩 子 n.

132. 15. approximately=about=around=nearly 大 约 adv.

 133. 16. impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的 adj.

134. 17. programme=campaign=project 项 目 n.

135. 18. common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的

adj.

136. 19. be halved=decline by 50% 减 半

137. 20. key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的 adj.

138. 21. produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生 产 v.

139. 22. detailed=explicit=specific 细节的 adj.

140. 23. on its own=alone 自 身

141. 24. however=but=yet 但 是

142. 25. self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自 信 n.

143. 26. effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有 效 的 adj.

144. 27. distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区 别 v.

Cambridge 7 TEST 1

1. rely on=depend on 依 靠 v.

2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避 免 v.

3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭 绝 v.

4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打 猎 v.

5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四 肢 n.
6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知， 感觉 v.

7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计 算 v.

8. detection=finding=observation 探 测 n.

9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明， 创造 v.

10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的 adj.

11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改 进 n.

12. downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的 adj.

13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的 adj.

14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地 adv.

15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因 为

16. decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下 降 v.

17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的 adj.

18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之 前

19. demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的， 艰难的 adj.

20. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著 名 的 adj.

21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承 认 v.

22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相 似 v.

23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发， 导致

24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的

25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处 理 v.

26. imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模 仿 v.

27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维 持 v.

28. feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂 食 v.

29. illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说 明 v.

30. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记 忆 v.

31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的 v.

32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be consciousof 注 意 到 v.

33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保 持 v.

34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使 确 信 v.

35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的 adj.

Cambridge 7 TEST 2

1. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.

2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改 变 v.

3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建 立 v.

4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官 员 n.

5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.

6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒 塌 v.

7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁 灭 v.

8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸 收 v.

9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.

10. purify=refine=distill 净 化 v.

11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.

12. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下 降 v.

13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变 坏 v.

14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认 出 v.

15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.

16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适 应 v.

17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始， 发起 v.

18. refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提 到 v.

19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定， 认同 v.

20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要 求 n.

21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分 开 v.

22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由 …组成

23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻 碍 v.

24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目 标 n.

25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实 行 v.

26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促 进 v.

27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警 告 v.

28. observation post=watchtower 瞭 望 塔 n.

29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路， 进入 n.

1 . cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原 因 n.

2 . measure=weigh=time=take=read 测 量 v.

3 . route= motorway= highway= expressway 车 道 n.

4 . exclude= omit= miss out= leave out= drop 排 除 在 外 v.

5 . renewable= sustainable= recycling= environmentally friendly 可 再 生 的 adj.

6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存 在 v.

7 . limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限 制 v.

8 . boundary= border= edge= outskirts= frontier 边 界 n.

9. allow for=make sth. Possible 使 …成为可能

1 0 . proposal= suggestion= recommendation= proposition 提 议 n.

1 1 . urban= city= town= municipal 城 市 的 adj.

12. odour=smell=stench=stink 味 道 n.

13. find one's way=navigate 导 航 v.

14. bearing=position=standing 方 位 n.

15. exchange=share=distribute 分 享 v.
1 6. waste= unwanted materials= rubbish= garbage= trash 废 物 n.

17. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.

1 8. priority= preferential= the most important= overriding 优 先 n.

1 9. encourage= promote= help= support= be supportive 鼓 励 v.

20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探 索 v.

2 1. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因 素 n.

22. cultivate=grow=raise 培 养 v.

23. convert= modify= transfer= adapt= customize 转 变 v.

24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消 化 v.

25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存， 保护 v.

26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监 视 v.

2 7. allocate= distribute= apportion= grant= confer 分 配 v.

2 8. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下 降 v.

2 9 . fragile= weak= delicate= breakable= feeble 脆 弱 的 adj.

30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进， 提高 v.

3 1 . advanced= developed= sophisticated= high- tech 先 进 的 adj.

3 2 . sustainable= renewable= recycling= environmentally friendly 可 持 续 的 adj.

3 3. evidence=proof=documentation 证 据 n.

3 4 . long- standing= lengthy= long- running= lasting 长 期 的 adj.

1. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的

2 . large= massive= huge= enormous= vast 巨 大 的 adj.

3 . resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相 像 v.

4 . foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌 人 n.

5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超 过 v.

6. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下 降 n.

7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停 止 v.

8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充 足 的 adj.

9. establish=found=build=set up 建 立 v.

10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成 功

11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认 v.
12. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签， 命名 v.

1 3. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适 应 v.

14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错 误 n.

15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监 视 v.

1 6 . unexpected= unpredictable= unforeseeable 不 可 预 见 的 adj.

17. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上

的 adv.

18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先 前 adv.

19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应 用 v.

20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因 为

21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使 … 上升 v.

2 2. in addition= besides= additionally= too= also= as well 除此之外

2 3 . inhabitant= resident= population= citizen= local 居 民 n.

24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌， 失败 n.

25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建 立

26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保 证 v.

2 7. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协 助 v.

28. deny=refuse=withhold 否 认 v.

2 9. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许 可 v.

3 0. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干 扰 v.

3 1. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重 复 v.

32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻 止 v.

33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打 扰 v.

3 4 . long- term= chronic= long= lengthy= long- running 长 期 的 adj.

35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露， 揭发 v.

36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强 烈的 adj.

37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的， 随机的 adj.

38. require=demand=need=call for 要 求 v.

3 9 . fatigue= tiredness= exhaustion= drowsiness 疲 劳 n.

40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显 示 v.

4 1. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专 注 v.

4 2 . produce= make= manufacture= create= fashion 生 产 v.

43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实 行 v.

4 4. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执 行 v.

Cambridge 8 TEST 1

1. agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go with v.同意

2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法

3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性

4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and

feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想， 沉思

5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some

people claim to have, such as knowing what will happen in the future n.通灵
学

6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance

n.环

7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改 变

8. trial=experiment=test n.实验

9. success rate=positive
result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.
成就
10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell v.认出， 识别

11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制

12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast

with=diverse adj.独特的

13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明， 装置

14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap

adj.寒

冷的

15. farming=agriculture n.农业

16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时

的

17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的

18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up
with=make up=conceive=coin=dream up v.创造

19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的

20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take

something to piece v. 分 开

21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its

infancy adj.

新的， 革命的
22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth. =be the cause=lead to
sth. v..发 明

23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line

up v. 组织， 使协调

24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动

25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空 难

26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do

something=cause somebody to do something=lead somebody to
do something=motivate=induce somebody to
do something v. 导 致

27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似

28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in

black and white adj. 过于简化的， 不完整的

29. altitude=from … meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高

度

30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域

31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候

32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类

33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创

建
34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光

35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick

up=things are looking up v.发展， 进化

36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机

37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的

38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtown
n.城

39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that
swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟
摆

40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned

adj.

巧合的

41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do,
or
refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从

drastically : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地

carry out : subject to : 使服从

remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still v.保持

detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware /

conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查

fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be

something matter with n.缺陷， 缺点

enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足

够的

main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominan
t=cor e adj.主要的:

documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明

shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换

consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持

续的 drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.干旱的

period=cycle=era=age n.年代

random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的

molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化

的 intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的

discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发， 发现

pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易

relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联 系

feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n.

感 觉 unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的

difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的， 难懂的

study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究

smell=odour=scent n.气味

interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.

理解 define=distinguish=tell the difference v.使明确

damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害

realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink

in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到

reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody
see=present=expose=let somebody take a look v.显示

to be defined=unanswered 无答案的

husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds 夫妇

linguistic=language n.语言

describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write

about=give an account of=tell of v.描述

lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in

short supply v.缺乏的

do not smell=odorless 没有气味的

regard as=consider to 把 …认作

unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty

adj. 极讨厌的

certain=some=a measure of adj.一些

correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致

relevance n.关联

float=afloat v.浮动

Cambridge 8 TEST 3

1. building=property=construction n.建筑

2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持

3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资 助

4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦

5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成

6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导

7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线， 激光

8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n. 目的

9. test in real=field test 实地测试

10. genius=giftedness / talent /

intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom n.
天才

11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承

12. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a

natural ability to do something well n.才能， 技能

13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少

14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重

要性

15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get

results v.达成
16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the
downside n.限 制

17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的

18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的

19. life span=duration of life 寿 命

20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟

21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸， 延长

22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则， 法则

23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的

24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约， 保存

25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever
adj.

不朽的

26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human,

or any other living thing n.有机的

1. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中 学

2. format=pattern n.格式
3 . less successful student= struggler 差 等 生

4 . key= contributing factor= important= major= significant= critical n. 关 键

5 . achievement= attainment= progress= breakthrough= accomplishment n. 成 就

6 . spacious= largely= big= huge= vast= enormous= immense adj. 广 阔 的

7 . adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，

可接近的

8 . careful= elaborate= conscientious= thorough= meticulous= methodical adj. 仔 细 的 ，

精心的

9.
supplementary= assist= additional= extra= further= added= spare= more= anot
her n.补充， 帮助

10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力

11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确

12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡， 紊乱

1 3. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵 抗

1 4. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出

15. innate=built-in adj.先天的

16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力

17. entail=involve v.包含

18. circumstance=system n.环境， 系统

19. feed on=prey on 以 …为食

20. blight=plague v.破坏

21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根

除

22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨

2 3 . compare= determination of
variation= contrast= liken= make a comparison= draw an
analogy= draw a parallel v. 对 比

24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准， 识别

2 5 . compatible= use both method= well- matched= be made for each

other= be a perfect match /pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited adj.兼容
的

2 6. specimen=individual n.标本

27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器

2 8. wet= marshy= soaked= waterlogged= awash adj. 湿的

2 9. habitat= area= the environment= ecosystem= ecology n. 栖息地