EXPERT WORKSHOP SERIES

Global eMobility Expansion:

Strategic Planning for Charging Networks
 1 Introduction

2 Overview Global eMobility Ramp-up

eMobility 3 Planning of Charging Infrastructure/Ident. of Locations

Expert 4 Energy Supply Options for Charging Stations

Webinar 5 Outlook: Upcoming Charging Technologies (V2X – MCS)

6 PTI eMobility Consultancy

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Introduction

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Power Technologies International
Making the energy transition a technical and business success

Grid code Load Sector CO2 Energy

compliance balancing coupling reductions efficiency
Grid Demand modeling/
automation Forecasting

Digitalization know-how
Grid expansion
planning
Integration
of electromobility

Integration Physical Businesses IT/OT

of renewables power grid & processes convergence

Integrated energy Rising system

system planning complexity
Domain expertise

Integration Balancing
of energy storage investments
Technical Cost New New New
feasibility efficiency regulations technologies markets

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Historical system boundaries are diminishing and eMobility is becoming
an essential part of one integrated energy system and mobility system

Sensors/
decentralized
Volatility intelligence

Renewable Computing capacity

energy eMobility and data storage

Automation
Decentralized Electrification Network capability/
mobile devices
Digitization

Building
Electricity #1 Security

Maximum Smart Data/

efficiency Forecasting

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Siemens eMobility Charging Ecosystem

eBus depot Parking garage Residential –

Highway transit Gas stations incl. opportunity Logistics depot Enterprises & commercial City and town Home and
charging and truck stops charging charging and retailers real estate street parking multi-home

eMobility
E-vehicle charging (incl. aircraft Charging Ecosystem
Dedicated Siemens expert center
and utility vehicle); systems and integration

Distributed energy systems:

New business models and mobility offerings
Storage and micro grid

Grid connection and integration

Connected services/remote diagnostics
in existing power supply architecture

Energy Management System eCar Operation Center “managed infrastructure”

eMobility Consulting Planning and simulation, Project management, ordering Operation and digital
engineering, network design and delivery, installation enabled services
& commissioning

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Overview Global
eMobility Ramp-up

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Why electrify the Transport sector?
CO2 Emissions in the Transport Sector

Global Energy-Related CO2 Emissions (2022) Global CO2 Emissions (2022)

4%
21% 10%

11%
37 Gt 7.95 Gt
1%
CO2 CO2

74%
79%

⚫ Transport ⚫ All other sectors ⚫ Road ⚫ Rail ⚫ Shipping ⚫ Aviation ⚫ Pipeline transport

Source: IEA (2023), own illustration

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Electrify the Transport Sector
Overall Target - Reduce CO2 Emissions !

Energy Source Well to Tank (WTT) Efficiency Tank to Wheel Efficiency Total Efficiency

Diesel (reference) 85% 15% 13%

Green hydrogen 75% 50% 38%

Electricity 50% 85% 43%

Renewable electricity 90% 85% 77%

Source: IEA (2023), own illustration

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Electrifying the future transport sector will have a significant impact on the
energy production and energy grid!

50 million EVs in Europe by 2030

44M TWh 500k TWh

TWh BEVs 185 eTrucks 100
357
5M TWh 250k TWh
eVans 42 eBusses 30

40 million EVs in North America region by 2030

36M TWh 600k TWh

TWh BEVs 151 eTrucks 193
402
4M TWh 200k TWh
eVans 34 eBuses 24

Source: Kernpower Research, McKinsey report, own illustration

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Global growth in EV - sales figures from 09/2023 → 09/2024

Electric vehicles (EVs*) Battery Electric vehicles (BEVs**)

Q3/23 vs. Q3/24 (million units) Q3/23 vs. Q3/24 (million units)

+23% +10%
14,30 6,3
15,0% 5,7 14,0%
11,60 West Europe*** 13,0%
West Europe*** 15,0%

56,0%
67,0%
China 52,0% China 65,0%

USA 33,0% 29,0%

USA 21,0% 18,0%

09/23 YTD 09/24 YTD 09/23 YTD 09/24 YTD

Source: PWC Autofacts, own illustration; *EV = Battery electric vehicles + Plug-in hybrid EVs + Full and mid hybrid Evs; ** BEV = Battery electric vehicles; ***)West Europe 5 + 5

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Europe (EU-27): Charging Options in Private and Public Areas
Increasing charging in public areas expected
Forecast of public and private charging infrastructure: EU-27
(million charging points)
• In 2023, around 500,000 AC /
and 100,000 DC public charging
points were installed

• In 2030 35 million charging points

are planned

• Charging in residential areas (at

home) will continue
to have the largest share of the
charging infrastructure (79%),
followed by charging at the
workplace (15%)
2021 2025 2030 • The number of DC fast charging
points will be ~500,000 by 2030, but
DC Public AC Public Workplace Residential area/"Home" this will cover 14% of the total
market
Covered by AFIR*

*European Alternative Fuel and Infrastructure Regulation

Source: ChargeUp Europe, own illustration

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Charging Infrastructure in Urban Areas
Example: Berlin, Germany

09/2024 2030

EVs 70,000 400,000

Public 3,000
Public-Private 2,000
Private 26,000
TOTAL 31,000 200,000 Measures (selection):
• Subsidiary program
• Grid connection approaval
MWH/day 300 2,000 process
• Public transport (eBuses)
• Electrification Taxi fleet
• Real-Estate program

Source: emo-berlin.de, own illustration

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The overall energy grid plan consider also the local PV and wind power supply
Example: Berlin, Germany

Local PV and wind power supply

Charging infrastructure

Public Public, private location PV Wind

Source: emo-berlin.de, own illustration

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Germany: Overview charging infrastructure market
21 million charging sessions and 482 GWh charging energy

AC: CPO ranking in Germany* DC: CPO ranking in Germany*

No. CPO Market share Branche No. CPO Market share Branche
1. Compleo 8.8% Industry 1. EnBW 31.0% Utility
2. Hamburger Energiewerke 5.0% Utility 2. Aral Pulse 10.4% Petrol
3. EnBW 3.9% Utility 3. Ionity 9.1% Automotive
4. Stadtwerke München 3.8% Utility 4. EWE Go 7.2% Utility
5. Berliner Stadtwerke 3.6% Utility 5. Allego 4.0% eMobility
6. Ladeverbund+ 3.5% Utility 6. Aldi Süd 3.4% Retail
7. Stadtwerke Düsseldorf 2.9% Utility 7. Pfalzwerke 3.2% Utility
8. Lichtblick 2.7% Utility 8. E.ON Drive 2.6% Utility
9. TankE 1.9% eMobility 9. Fastned 2.0% eMobility
10. Lidl 1.8% Retail 10. Lidl 1.6% Retaill

*Source: Elvah Ladereport 2024 Q1+Q2 2024 (Tesla and Shell were not considered), own illustration

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Germany: Overview charging infrastructure market
Ranking of the most relevant charging locations based on energy and utilization

Charging Location Ranking Germany* DC Charging Location Utilization Ranking Germany*

(
No. CPO MwH Location in City No. CPO % Location in City

1. Compleo AC / 881 Munich 1. Energie DC / 31.1% Irschenberg

2. Volkswagen AC / 876 Wolfsburg 2. EnBW DC / 28.5% Berlin

3. Fastned DC / 739 Hilden 3. EnBW DC / 25.0% Stuttgart

4. Fastned DC / 721 Limburg 4. EnBW DC / 24.5% Kirchheim

5. EnBW DC / 718 Bad Camberg 5. EnBW DC / 24.4% Hamburg

*Source: Elvah Ladereport 2024 Q1+Q2 2024 (Tesla and Shell were not considered), own illustration

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Planning of Charging
Infrastructure/Ident. of Locations

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How to efficiently integrate eMobility into existing business processes and
infrastructures?

What is the ramp-up of future e-charging demand?

Which existing locations provide the most potential?

eMobility Which technologies need to be installed to cover the

ecosystem future charging demand?

How fast can utilities address the future charging

demand? How should we approach the eMobility
implementation?

Which investments to take? How is the RoI?

New business models?

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 Planning of Charging Infrastructure
All elements for intelligent planning need to be considered

Electrification EV battery
of sites Load management characteristics
Grid connection
PV and Site conditions and Route and charging EV disposition
battery storage space restrictions schedule concept
Fleet size
Site electrification
phases Point of depot MV/LV switchgear
interconnection layout
Charger type and power Charging Transformer type
Busbars
Connection type: infrastructre Transformer
Plug or Panto dimensioning
Cabling options Cooling concepts
Earthing concept
Depot Integration in eHousing concepts
Safety concept management existing software Civil works
Emergency software landscape
concepts Pre-fabricated
LAN connection foundations
Maintenance

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The e-Mobility Value Chain
To find the optimal business model and identification of potential stakeholders

Energy- Navigation
Trans- HW – SW – Customer Identification Billing
Energy- mission & Battery Charging Charging Technical Contract Reservation and Contract
Supplier Distribution Supplier EV Supplier Stations Stations Sites Installation Operation Management Roaming Management

Utilities EV OEM EVSE OEM CPO EMP/MSP

(Gen/TSO/DSO)

Energy production/ Battery & e-Vehicle Charging stations Locations and technical operation Customer relations
transmission and distribution production & IT applications for charging stations (B2B/B2C)

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The European eMobility ecosystem are focused on interoperability

Municipalities/ EMP/MSP1

Provider – ID
government

eMobility EMA-ID: (example) Customer External

Service Provider DE-GCS-123456789 Contract network
Policies

Interoperability OEM/fleet Op.

Roaming-platform EVMS
Marketplace (EV Management System)
Legislation (Business to Business) MP

EVSE-Operator – ID
Energy Services Charge Point EV
operator
Standards VIN
Utility
EVSE-ID: (example)
DSO/TSO/Retailer/Aggregator CPO2 DE-SIE-1xxxx30 EV owner/driver

1 eMobility Service Provider/Mobility Service Provider; 2 Charge Point Operator; Source: Green eMotion (2011 – 2015)

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The following aspects and framework conditions must be taken into account
when planning charging infrastructure

Use cases/target groups/vehicles Motivation

Charging technology Location/energy supply

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Different charging-time/business model (primary/secondary)
supporting by various charging station technologies

Charging Locations Charging Technologies

Normal AC • Home
Shopping/ 3 – 11 kW • Employer charging
Employer office Restaurant/ Fast AC • At shopping
parking fleet hotel 12 – 22 kW • Public charging
Fast DC • Highway/Charging hub
50 – 149 kW • At shopping
High Power DC (HPC) • Highway/Charging hub
Home Highway/ Public/POI
150 – 400 kW • At shopping
charging hub
Inductive (static/dynamic) • Home
3 – 11 kW • Fleet
Destination En-route Destination Battery swapping • Charging hub

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Competition between Charging Point Operators (CPO) started already
The EV-Driver selects the CPO based on different aspect

1 Cost for charging (e.g. charging tariff – difference for charging/kWh = 5x!)

2 Availability of Charging location (e.g. interoperability, access with Rfid, App, Plug&Charge)

3 Reliability of charging station (Minimum 97% uptime and 90% SCAR*)

4 Charging power of charging station (e.g. DC with high power min. 150 kW)

5 Convenience – Offerings closed to charging locations (e.g. coffee shop/restaurant)

*) Successful charge attempt rate

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Decision support for the electrification of fleets by simulation
Charging infrastructure demand, electricity charging demand and energy supply on site

Vehicle and charging technologies Driving and charging simulation

Energy demand, battery, Annual profiles: electricity demand
payload, charging power, etc. per site, state of charge per vehicle, etc.
Truck routes
(GPS)

Streets
(GIS)

Depots
(GIS)

Energy
Routes Simulation system
design

Energy system
Routes Depot optimization
Site and street network GPS data, Telematics, Electricity procurement
Interactive visualization
GIS data of sites, Logbooks, Future and supply (on-site solutions of insights for decision
Street data planned routes PV & battery), load mgmt. making

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Energy Supply Options
for Charging Stations

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Charging location: Infrastructure and integration in the electricity Grid

Transmission grid
High voltage
380/220 kV

Interregional
distribution grids
High voltage Highway/
110 kV Charging Hub

Regional
distribution grids At shopping
Medium voltage Restaurant
Hotels
30-10 kV

Local distribution grids Employer

Office parking
Low voltage Fleet

Private charging
Public charging
0,4 kV
Public

Home

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How to solve the energy supply/grid connection?

Copper! Smart! Conceptual!

• Extend grid connection/cable • Controlled charging (microgrid) • Charging areas for different EV
• New substation • Load management • Time shifting/access to parking
• Battery storage (statically/dynamically) areas
• PV

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Overview Load-Management Levels (Smart-Charging)

Control of charging
capacity/electricity
I. Optimization in the transmission network (TSO) High voltage level

II. Optimization in the distribution network (DSO) Medium

III. Optimization for charging infrastructure operators voltage level

IV. Optimization on location Medium/low

V. Local optimization in parking lot voltage level

VI. Charging station optimization

Charging control between charging station and EV

Charging control via battery management system in EV

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Powering eMobility: Energy supply concept including Grid Connection, local
consumption, local PV, battery-storage and smart charging

P, with BESS P, no BESS SOC

160 100

120 80
PV-Generation

SOC in %
Power
60
65 kW Peak 80
40
40 20
0 0
5:24 10:12 15:00 19:48 24:36 29:24 Time

Grid-Connection Consumption/ Battery-storage Charging

Find out
1,4 MW Location +/- 600 kWh infrastructure more
+/- 50 kW N x 400 kW

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Outlook: Upcoming Charging
Technologies (V2X – MCS)

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Charging of Tomorrow
A Glimpse into the Future

Megawatt Charging Bidirectional Charging Wireless Charging

Utilization of new Megawatt Charging solutions Automatic charging solutions
Charging Standard (MCS) with bidirectional power based on resonant magnetic
with charging speeds up to 4.5 MW electronics induction

Use Cases: Use Cases: Use Cases

Charging of heavy-duty vehicles, • Enablement of Vehicle-to-home • Charging convenience
eFerries, utility vehicles, etc. (V2H) and Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) • Enables Vehicle-to-grid use cases
• Allows for cost-reduction (PV self (constant connection to grid)
consumption optimization) • Charging of autonomous vehicles
and additional revenue streams
• V2H / V2G

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The V2X Implementation Pyramid

V2G/VGI – Power Market Trading

EVs are aggregated to conduct arbitrage at the electricity spot
markets – buy low, sell high

V2G/VGI – Load shifting

EVs are aggregated to supply electricity in times of high load

V2O/B – Office/Building
The battery is used for consumption optimization within a building
in combination with own renewable generation

V2H – Vehicle-to-Home
The battery is used for consumption optimization within a building
in combination with own renewable generation

V2L – Vehicle-to-Load
The battery is used for self-supply, to supply electricity for other
applications, mostly mobile applications, like scooter or other EVs

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Outlook: V2G potential Europe

V2G can save EU energy systems €22 bn a year by 2040

Key Findings:
Grid balancing and storage
of excess energy: Battery storage Renewables integration:
needs reduced by up to 92% Extra 40% of solar EVs
PV capacity
V2X electricity supply cost reduction/year €780
Battery life time +9%

Electricity
Total share of electricity supply 9%
Cost savings electricity supply €22 bn

Bidirectional EV charging Reduction of stationary battery storages -92%

Up to €780/year
saving on electricity bill Renewable integration, solar PV capacity +40%

Source: T&E 2024_study_V2G_eu_potential_europe, own illustration

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Outlook - higher power DC charging solutions (CCS / MCS)

[MW]
2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
3,7
3.7

MCS Level 3
3000A

1
Mega Satellite MCS/MCS Level 2
1500A

Mega Satellite CCS

500-900A
0.5

Liquid Cooled Satellite/MCS Level 1

500A
0.25
Air/Cooled Satellite LCV
300A
0
100 kWh 300 kWh 500 kWh 1 MWh 4MWh

Source: Kempower

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PTI eMobility Consultancy

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Our Holistic eMobility Consultancy Approach

Market Segment Customer Challenges 55%

Municipalities • Viability studies of project of new car sales worldwide
and Smart cities • Parking solutions, grid requirements and planning will be EVs by 20301
• Integration of car sharing solutions, operating models
• Maximizing impact on area while maintaining viable model
DSOs and
public utilities
• Grid requirements from fast/home chargers
• Infrastructure demand analysis
> 6x
• Business cases, regulation/subsidies growth in global EV charging
infrastructure market by 2030
Charging operator • Grid requirements from $19Bn (2021) to $121Bn (2030)2
• Business cases, regulation/subsidies
• IT integration and accounting
Fleet operations
(e.g. logistic/eBus)
• Fleet concepts incl. grid planning with charging infrastructures on property
• Operating models, Business cases, regulation/subsidies
200 TWh
required electricity demand
Real-estate • Grid requirements and planning, from EV charging by 20303
incl. airports • Operating models, concepts, taxation aspects,
• Business cases, regulation/subsidies
Gas stations
& truck stops
• Location planning, grid adaptation
• Integration into existing IT landscape, operating models
$222 Bn
global charging infrastructure
• Business cases, process design, regulation/subsidies market by 20304

1 EY, Six essentials for mainstream EV adoption; 2 Grandview Research, EV Charging Infrastructure Market Size; 3 EY, As eMobility
accelerates, can utilities move EVs into the fast lane?; 4 Precedence Research, Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Market

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All aspects for planning, implementation and operation of charging
infrastructure are covered in our holistic eMobility approach / EV-IF

Forecast EV ramp-up, mobility Charging station specification Charging service portfolio,

patterns, vehicles, locations Revenue streams, tariff mgmt.

Energy supply, REN, CPO/MSP IT functionality Investment

batteries, Smart charging incl. payment solutions and operational cost

Grid simulation IT Integration Governance model

incl. roaming and ecosystem

Infrastructure EV-Driver Operation

requirements services and maintenance

Demand Grid Grid Process Business Legal Operating

Hardware Software
modeling planning connection design case & model & regulation models

eMobility consulting services: EV Implementation Framework (EV-IF) eMobility strategy and implementation framework

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Our consulting services are combined in our eMobility offering

Consulting services PTI eMobility Offering

eMobility Stress Test

Grid Demand & Grid Grid planning for future EV adoption
planning modeling connection

eMobility concepts
Business Operating Development and integration of EV charging on hub/depot level
case & model Hardware models

eMobility Orientation Workshop

Process Legal &
Software design regulation Overview on status-quo and outlook, structured training modules

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Tackling the challenges of utilities, industrial/commercial customers
and governments, served from local offices around the globe

~20 PTI Offices (HQ in Germany):

• Canada • UK
offices worldwide • USA • Netherlands
• Mexico • Turkey
• Colombia • Egypt

200+ •
•
Brazil
Argentina
•
•
Saudi Arabia
UAE
expert consultants • Chile • Pakistan
• Spain • India
• Portugal • Thailand

1,800+ • Norway • Australia

projects per year

Integrated energy Zero-carbon and energy Digitalization strategies Smart infrastructure Power quality analytics
system planning efficiency strategies & cybersecurity eMobility strategy and services for industrial
for government entities for smart cities services for utilities development plans power supply

This is only an extract of the scope of PTI Consulting services.

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 Contact
Thomas Gereke
Tel: 0152-22629983
[email protected]

Siemens AG
Siemens Smart Infrastructure
SI GSW PTI EBA
Siemenspromenade 10
91058 Erlangen
[email protected] Visit our
siemens.com/power-technologies webpage

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Contact/Disclaimer
Published by Siemens 2024
Smart Infrastructure
Electrification & Automation
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For the U.S. published by

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© Siemens 2024
Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this
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