The Student Nurses’ Level of awareness and Perceived Effectiveness of

Mental Health Assessment Online Tools

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty

of Bicol University
College of Nursing Legazpi City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the

Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Nursing

AQUINO, JOHN URIEL B.

AYTONA, GEANN CHELSEA

BALTASAR, TIMOTHY JOHN A.

FLORES, GERO ANGELO O.

GONCENA, CARLOS MIGUEL

P.

May 2024
 Republic of the Philippines
Bicol University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Legazpi City

RECOMMENDATION FOR FINAL ORAL DEFENSE

The undergraduate thesis hereto attached entitled, “[TITLE OF THE

RESEARCH],” prepared and submitted by [Name of Student/s], in partial fulfilment of
the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, is hereby submitted to
the thesis committee for consideration.

[NAME OF RESEARCH ADVISER]

Research Adviser

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS COMMITTEE

This undergraduate thesis entitled, “[TITLE OF THE RESEARCH],” prepared

and submitted by [Name of Student/s], in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, is hereby recommended for final oral defense
examination.

[NAME OF CHAIRPERSON]
Chairperson

[NAME OF MEMBER] [NAME OF MEMBER]

Member Member
 Republic of the Philippines
Bicol University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Legazpi City

RESULT OF THE FINAL ORAL DEFENSE

Results of the Final Oral Defense of [Name of Student], candidates for the degree
of Bachelor of Science in Nursing.

Title:
Venue:
Date:
Time:

This is to certify that [Name of Student], [Name of Student], have passed the oral
examination with a final rating of %

PANEL OF EVALUATORS ACTION

[NAME OF CHAIRPERSON]
Chairperson

[NAME OF MEMBER]
Member

[NAME OF MEMBER]
Member
 Republic of the Philippines
Bicol University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Legazpi City

APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis entitled, “[Research Title],” prepared and submitted by

[Name of Student/s], is hereby approved, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing.

Recommending Approval:

[NAME OF RESEARCH ADVISER]

Research Adviser

[NAME OF CHAIRPERSON]
Chairperson

[NAME OF MEMBER] [NAME OF MEMBER]

Member Member

Approved:

[NAME OF DEAN]
Dean, BU College of Nursing
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
 ABSTRACT

Title : [RESEARCH TITLE]

Author : [Name of Student/s]

Research Adviser :

Type of Document : Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis

Name of Institution : Bicol University College of Nursing, Legazpi City

KEYWORDS:
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page i

Recommendation for Final Oral Defense ii

Results of Final Oral Defense iii

Approval Sheet iv

Acknowledgments v

Abstract vi

Table of Contents vii

List of Figures x

List of Tables xi

List of Appendices xii

Chapter I THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 1

Scope and Limitation of the Study 1

Significance of the Study 2

Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

[Title of Topic] 3

[Title of Topic] 4

Synthesis 5

Gap to be Bridged by the Study 6

 Hypothesis 6

Theoretical Framework 6

Conceptual Framework 9

Definition of Terminologies 11

Chapter III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 12

Setting of the Study 12

Respondents of the Study 13

Research Instrument 15

Ethical Considerations 15

Data Gathering Procedures 16

Data Analysis and Interpretation 18

Chapter IV [TITLE OF THE STUDY]

[Based on the Statement of the Problem #1] 19

[Based on the Statement of the Problem #] 19

[Based on the Statement of the Problem #] 20

Chapter V FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Findings 22

Conclusions 23

Recommendations 23
REFERENCES 25

APPENDICES X

CURRICULUM VITAE 26
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 [Original Name of the Theoretical Framework] X

2 Conceptual Framework of the Study Xs

 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Respondents of the Study 14

 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page

A Letter to Conduct Validation of Instrument X

B Questionnaire X

C Letter to Conduct Data Gathering X

D Informed Consent Form X

E Certification of Statistician X
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

Mental health is a crucial component of overall well-being encompassing emotional,

psychological and social aspects that influence how individuals think, feel and behave. Good mental

health enables people to manage stress, work productively, and contribute meaningfully to their

communities. However, mental health issues arise when individuals face challenges that disrupt these

functions, leading to disorders that can impact their personal, social, and occupational lives. The

World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental health as a "state of well-being in which every

individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work

productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community."

Factors influencing mental health are genetics, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, trauma,

and community or environmental influences. Social isolation, substance abuse, discrimination, and

stressful life events are also significant contributors. For many individuals, these factors can interact

to increase the likelihood of developing mental health issues. Furthermore, mental health disparities

often affect marginalized or vulnerable populations more severely, as they may have limited access

to mental health services or resources.

Mental health issues are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, affecting people

across age groups and socio-economic backgrounds. According to the World Health Organization

(WHO), one in four people globally will be affected by a mental or neurological disorder at some

point in their lives. In the Philippines, mental health concerns have become a pressing issue, with

data showing rising cases of mental health disorders. As of recent statistics, approximately 3.3
million Filipinos suffer from depressive disorders. Mental health disorders in the Philippines have

been exacerbated by socio-economic challenges, cultural stigma, and limited access to mental health

services.

The effects of mental health issues on the population are profound and far-reaching.

Mental health problems can impair personal and professional relationships, reduce productivity, and

lead to significant physical health issues. On a societal level, untreated mental health disorders can

result in increased healthcare costs, social isolation, and, in severe cases. Understanding mental

health and addressing its contributing factors is essential for fostering a resilient, healthy, and

thriving society.

The advent of online mental health assessment tools has transformed the way individuals

access mental health support, offering a convenient and often anonymous means for people to gauge

their mental well-being. The concept of mental health assessment dates back to the development of

standardized psychological tests, which were initially administered by mental health professionals in

clinical settings. However, with the rise of the internet in the late 20th century, mental health

assessments became more accessible through websites, allowing a broader population to engage with

mental health resources without the need for in-person consultations.

These online tools, particularly those hosted on websites, serve as vital resources for early

detection and self-awareness of mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress.

Websites offering mental health assessments play an essential role, as they provide evidence-based

questionnaires, screenings, and resources that help individuals understand their mental health status.

They are also a gateway for people who may be hesitant to seek face-to-face care, offering a

low-barrier first step toward professional support.

 In the digital world, the progress of health assessments has been marked by an emphasis on

reliability, confidentiality, and ease of access. Online assessment websites have evolved to

incorporate user-friendly designs, data privacy protections, and validated metrics that mirror

traditional clinical assessments. This progress signifies a shift toward a more inclusive mental health

model, where individuals have greater autonomy over their mental health journey, making online

mental health assessment websites a critical component in the landscape of modern healthcare.

Statement of the Problem

This Study focuses on the online mental health assessment tools, particularly websites, in

supporting the mental well-being of student nurses. Mental health issues such as anxiety, depression,

and stress are prevalent among students, especially in demanding academic environments like

nursing programs, where high levels of stress can significantly impact academic performance and

personal well-being. As future healthcare providers, student nurses must be equipped to recognize

and address the mental health concerns of others, and be aware of their own mental state as well. The

addition and integration of the digital world in the society has streamlined everyday tasks, making it

easier to purchase products, pay expenses, get services, and access various self-evaluations and

surveys online.

To answer the above cited problem, an answer to the following will be sought:

1. What is the profile of the student nurses along

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Year level

d. Utilization of online mental health assessment tool?

2. What is the level of awareness of the student nurses on mental health assessment online tools
 along:

a. Benefits

b. Satisfaction?

3. What is the student nurses’ perceived effectiveness of mental health assessment tools in

terms of:

a. Benefits

b. Satisfaction?

4. What IEC material that may be developed based from the findings of the study?

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focuses on evaluating the awareness levels and perceived effectiveness of

online mental health assessment tools, specifically websites, among student nurses at Bicol

University, College of Nursing. The primary scope includes examining students’ familiarity with

these tools, their perceived impact on mental health management, and the usability of such digital

resources. The evaluation encompasses tools accessible through websites, excluding mobile

applications to maintain a focus on web-based platforms. The study also aims to explore whether

these online tools contribute to improved mental health literacy and awareness among student nurses.

The delimitations of this study include several specific constraints. The research will

exclude websites that do not meet the criteria established by the researchers, which emphasize

accessibility, reliability, and user-friendly design. Additionally, this study does not address mental

health outcomes in students using these tools, as it focuses solely on awareness and perceived

effectiveness, not on actual mental health improvements or diagnostic accuracy. The population is

limited to student nurses from a single institution, which may restrict the generalizability of findings

to broader student populations or other academic institutions.

 Significance of the Study

This study would be beneficial to the following:

Student Nurses: It would be beneficial to the Student Nurses by enhancing their mental health

literacy through a better understanding of their level of awareness and perception of the effectiveness

of mental health assessment tools. This will enable them to more effectively assess and manage their

own mental well-being, particularly in the face of the demands and challenges of nursing education.

Nursing Educators: The findings of this study could provide help and assistance to the Nursing

Educators by offering valuable insights and curriculum designers on effectively integrating mental

health assessment tools into nursing programs, thereby providing a more holistic approach to health

education.

Healthcare Practitioners: The findings of this study would serve as a guide and reference for

Healthcare Practitioners to understand the areas in which mental health assessment tools can be

improved regarding accessibility and user-friendliness, thereby enabling them to provide better

support for nursing students in their mental health journeys.

Researchers: The results of this study would provide information on the Researchers, understanding

of digital mental health tools in healthcare education, serving as a reference for future investigations

and encouraging further exploration of their impact and potential improvements.

Future Researchers: This study would be a useful reference for the future researchers who will plan

to make a related study.

 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses that mental health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being,

particularly among university students who often face academic pressures and personal challenges.

These themes focus on evaluating the nursing students' awareness, perceived effectiveness, and

utilization of mental health assessment online tools at Bicol University College of Nursing. Given the

rising awareness of mental health issues in the Philippines and the increasing utilization of digital

resources, this research aims to explore how to assess and potentially improve the mental health of

nursing students.

Martinez et al. (2020) conducted a systematic review analyzing the attitudes and behaviors of

Filipinos toward seeking mental health support, identifying key barriers such as stigma, financial

limitations, and accessibility challenges. Filipino individuals often preferred seeking assistance from

close friends or family rather than formal mental health services. For those living abroad, factors

such as immigration status, lack of health insurance, language barriers, and experiences of

discrimination hindered help-seeking. The review highlighted that both local and overseas Filipinos

view resilience and self-reliance as essential coping strategies, which further reduced their tendency

to seek formal help. However, social support, recognition of distress, financial capacity, and previous

positive experiences in mental health care were identified as motivators for seeking assistance. This

systematic review suggests a general reluctance among Filipinos to utilize mental health services,

driven primarily by societal stigma and a strong sense of self-reliance.

Alampay et al. (2021) systematically reviewed the help-seeking behavior of Filipinos with

regard to mental health issues. Various barriers and facilitators were found that affect readiness to
seek professional help. These are, for example, societal stigma attached to mental illness, low mental

health literacy, and relatively fewer access to mental health services across the country with fewer

access areas being rural ones. Another reason for this delay is the financial constraint and low usage

of mental health services in the nation, claim the authors. Conversely, social support from family and

friends, increasing awareness about mental health, and positive attitude changes towards mental

health are more facilitators to urge people to seek professional help. These findings point to the need

for dismantling social and structural barriers in seeking help as part of endeavors to promote

culturally appropriate interventions and policies that would enhance access and reduce stigma

regarding mental health care services.

Alibudbud (2023) discussed the current state and challenges of mental health services in the

Philippines, highlighting the country’s growing mental health needs. The prevalence of mental

disorders is high, with anxiety and depression being the most common conditions, yet funding and

workforce remain limited. The Philippine Mental Health Act of 2018 marked a significant step

toward a structured mental health framework, with a notable increase in government funding in

recent years. However, issues like service accessibility, delayed payments, and the focus on tertiary

services reveal that comprehensive, community-based mental health support is still needed. Cultural

stigma also limits professional help-seeking, indicating a need for more community awareness and

integration of primary mental health services. The World Health Organization’s framework for

implementation research provides a guide to overcoming these barriers by promoting accessible,

community-centered care through stakeholder collaboration and policy prioritization.

Transformation in mental health services in the Philippines involves gaps in the very

infrastructure and in the delivery of service for improving mental health accessibility and quality. It

investigates how these two elements interlink to bridge gaps in the very infrastructure of the care that

nurses, frontline providers of care, offer directly to patients and through advocating for systemic
changes. Recently, Alibudbud, F. (2023) concluded that mental health service integration could bring

improvements in the aspects of early detection and intervention if such mental health services get

integrated into primary healthcare settings, which commonly nurses are usually the first port of

contact. That is why more needful and adequate training of nurses is required so that their

competence in mental health care can be enhanced as against crisis intervention, mental health

promotion, and community-based care. With these skills, the Philippines would see many more

mental health services made accessible to underserved areas and reduce the stigma attached to mental

illness, the researchers concluded.

“However, for transforming the mind care service of the country, it would require structural

change with cultural sensitivity, research suggested.”. Indeed, it is the critical role of nurses as

frontline health workers to deal a blow to such societal stigma around mental illness through proper

education and compassionate care. As this study puts it, collaboration between the nurse, the mental

health experts, and the community leaders should be encouraged in an environment that fosters good

mental wellbeing. Policy changes in that direction can also help: for instance, including mental health

nursing within the national curricula for healthcare education, and setting up the 2018 Mental Health

Act. This would play a pivotal role in transforming the mental health outcomes of Filipinos and

ensuring that what is needed most is on hand-basically, the kind of mental health services that

Filipinos actually need most.

Maravilla and Tan (2021) explored the connection between mental health and economic

growth in the Philippines, arguing for greater attention to the bi-directional relationship between

mental well-being and economic health. Despite the passing of the Philippine Mental Health Act and

the Universal Health Care Law, only a small percentage (5%) of healthcare funding is allocated to

mental health services, which lags behind other countries with similar economies. Stigmatization

remains a significant barrier, as mental disorders are often viewed as sources of shame or weakness.

Mental health infrastructure is also lacking, with limited hospital beds and mental health

professionals available. This shortage, along with high rates of mental illness and suicide, points to
an urgent need for improved mental health policies, funding, and cultural awareness to support

economic stability and population well-being in the Philippines.

According to Lally J.(2019), mental health problems such as depression and anxiety have

been strongly associated with economic loss in the form of reduced productivity and increased

healthcare costs. In contrast, economic factors like poverty and unemployment serve to exacerbate

mental health problems; indeed, there is a bi-directional relationship between mental health and the

economy. Addressing the psychological well-being and economic aspects are both important to

successfully implementing the Act and fostering a healthier and more productive society. At present,

the Republic Act No. 11036 or the Philippine Mental Health Act had been geared towards providing

a comprehensive management of mental health services; however, at this point of time, challenges in

implementation are still evident, especially much restrictions in its exercise-primarily about finance,

few professionals, and inaccessibility for the most part from the rural communities.

Abad Santos et al. (2023) explored the dual effects of Internet use on mental health among

Filipino university students, focusing on how online social support mediates these outcomes. The

research revealed that while Internet use can improve mental well-being, it also increases

psychological distress, with online social support acting as a critical factor in amplifying the positive

effects. This mediation suggests that online social interactions may help students manage stress,

though excessive Internet use still poses risks to mental health. The researchers emphasize the

importance of fostering supportive online environments to maximize the Internet's positive impact on

student mental health.

Attempts to explore the complex relationship between internet use and mental health

outcomes of Filipino university students, focusing on online social support as a mediating factor. On

the other hand, research indicates that even though excessive use of the internet typically results in

poor mental health outcomes as marked by increased anxiety levels and depression, online social

support could actually be used to counteract these conditions. In fact, students who reported more
engagement with supportive online communities experienced fewer negative mental health

outcomes, so that the quality of online interactions plays a crucial role in the shaping of the impact of

internet use on psychological well-being. This finding highlights that not all internet use is inherently

detrimental and that online spaces can become valuable sources of emotional support when used

appropriately (Abad S., 2023)

In addition, the study holds that university administrations and mental health practitioners

must acknowledge the two-faced nature of internet usage among college students. Internet usage can

be a connection and source of access to information, but unhealthy connections through its overuse

or misuse enhance certain mental challenges. The integration of mental health education into

university curricula, as advocated by Abad S.(2023), should be balanced on the use of the internet

and healthy online environmental promotion. The overall well-being and better digital space

challenge navigation amongst the university students are likely to emerge through the promotion of

online communities that facilitate real emotional support. Overall, online social support requires

greater research into how to make it a resource in improving students’ well-being in a digital world.

Tagufa et al. (2023) explored mental health stigma and help-seeking behavior among

undergraduate nursing students at Manila Central University. Utilizing a 34-item online

questionnaire, the research assessed students’ personal mental health stigma, perceived public

stigma, and help-seeking behaviors. Employing a descriptive correlational design, the researchers

measured stigma with the Discrimination-Devaluation scale and mental health with the Personal

Health Questionnaire-9. The research included non-international students aged 18 and older,

recognizing that nursing students face significant academic pressure, increasing their mental health

risk. Data analysis involved scatter plots and regression methods, with findings aimed at enhancing

mental health program delivery and effectiveness within the nursing department.

The exploration on the role of stigma in the change of mental health help-seeking behaviors

among Filipinos continued with a study by Tanaka C. (2018) revealing that stigma still constitutes a
deep and persisting barrier to access professional help with mental health. They came to realize the

fears of judgment not only of the larger community but also the family for whom the individual feels

close. They believe it has been a major factor in the culture of Filipinos. In that light of constant

social repercussions, causing shame or embarrassment before the family, drove people to present a

narrow perspective or even deny their mental health problems altogether. Many instead sought

informal sources, such as friends or family members, in a quest to avoid the stigma attached to

professional mental care. Despite growing awareness of issues regarding mental health in the

Philippines, deeply ingrained values in culture about utang na loob (debt of gratitude) and kapwa

(shared identity), continue to robustly play a part. This situates concerns over family reputation and

personal strength as reasons to not bring in outside help. In this way, the conclusion of the study is

that even where efforts at stigma reduction exist, cultural imperatives around mental health matters,

such as the pull of personal independence and a family’s honor, still prevent many from presenting

for professional mental health care, and therefore circumscribes the larger population accepting the

services of mental health in the community.

Ines (2019) examined the mental health literacy of 797 first-year Filipino college students

during her presentation at the 12th DLSU Arts Congress. The research found that 55.2% could

correctly identify depression in a vignette, and 95.7% indicated a willingness to seek help from

various sources, primarily family (58.5%) and friends (48.8%). Participants associated depression

with common triggers like day-to-day problems and trauma. While counseling was deemed helpful,

there was a preference for non-prescribed remedies over prescribed medications. The research

highlighted significant gaps in mental health literacy and the need for effective interventions to

address stigma and promote understanding among students.

Mental health literacy among the Filipino college students is a critical issue because,

according to research findings, it was found that most of the students have little knowledge about

mental health disorders and resources. As pointed out by Ines J. (n.d) , even though students

acknowledge the importance of mental health, they do not easily identify symptoms of mental health
disorders or know how to seek support. This fosters an absence of literacy, which in turn perpetuates

stigma, delayed help-seeking behavior, and poorer outcomes for patients with mental illness. In this

context, therefore, building of mental health literacy through targeted educational programs and

campus initiatives has been seen as a key step forward to improvement in the students’ well-being

and in the promotion of a more supportive academic environment.

Argao et al. (2021) conducted a research examining the mental health literacy and overall

mental health of Filipino college students using a descriptive cross-sectional design with 519

participants from six universities. Their findings indicated that students generally possess average

mental health literacy but score below average on mental health indicators, suggesting a concerning

state of psychological well-being. Notably, while there were no significant gender differences,

students from state universities exhibited higher mental health literacy compared to their counterparts

in private universities. Conversely, students from private institutions reported significantly higher

anxiety levels. These results highlight the need for enhanced mental health services in educational

settings, particularly tailored to address the varying needs of students across different types of

universities in the Philippines.

In addition to the research outputs of Argao et al. (2021), Grace M. (2021) studied the

relationship of mental health literacy and mental health outcomes for Filipino college students. The

research looked into the role of social support and coping for this category of population. Their study

involving 450 undergraduate students at three universities reported that greater mental health literacy

predicted more active help-seeking behavior as well as better coping strategies in dealing with stress

and anxiety. As the participants having lower mental health literacy revealed they were less able to

detect mental health problems and less likely to seek professional help, comprehensive mental health

education programs in campuses are imperative. Both studies emphasize the point that enhancing

mental health literacy is as relevant as anything else in order to heighten overall mental well-being

and to promote early intervention among college students in the Philippines.

 Cleofas (2019) investigates the connection between student involvement, mental health, and

quality of life among college students in a private university in the Philippines. A quantitative

cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was utilized, with a survey administered to 249

students. Findings indicate that engagement in school organizations correlates with levels of

depression, positive affect, and life satisfaction, while social interactions within the school

environment relate to overall quality of life.

Gray J. (2016) explored the relationship between student engagement and mental health

outcomes using students from both public and private universities in Manila. The study had a sample

of 350 students. The key findings of the survey were that active engagement in extracurricular

activities reduced students’ levels of stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression. This study

emphasized emotional support from social and academic clubs to create a sense of belonging for

students, hence improvement in mental well-being. Such findings, which is that engagement in

school activities improves life satisfaction as well as reduces negative states.

Gray J. (2016) further emphasized that students with a greater sense of connection in their

academic community reported better life satisfaction and a higher quality of life in general. It was

noted that interactions as much outside as inside the school organizations were among the

determinants of students’ perception of the quality of their lives. Thus, this may be very essential in

addressing mental health issues and quality living among collegians in the Philippines by creating a

supportive and active campus climate.

The research by Sanchez et al. (2021) assessed the mental health of nursing students at the

University of Bohol during the COVID-19 pandemic. Involving 200 randomly selected students, it

utilized a quantitative, descriptive-correlational design with a modified questionnaire. Results

showed that students reported good mental health across psychological, physical, and emotional

aspects. Age was significantly correlated with mental health status, while gender and year level

showed no significant association. The findings highlight the need for targeted mental health
interventions for nursing students.

A related study is that of Kiel F. (2023), who examined the mental health status of the nursing

students of a university in Cebu during the COVID-19 pandemic, which pointed out that, although

the majority of students reported relatively good mental health, there was an increase in anxiety,

stress, and depression compared with before the time of the pandemic. The sample consisted of 180

nursing students. The various psychological, emotional, and physical aspects of mental health were

evaluated with a quantitative survey. Interestingly, this was found to be highest in students at the end

of their studies, when pressure is the greatest academically and clinically. These findings are in

agreement with Sanchez et al. (2021), who emphasized the need for interventions on mental health to

be more focused and mainly for nursing students, who are more susceptible to stress and problems

with mental health due to the rigorous nature of their academic program as well as the pressure of the

pandemic. Both studies highlighted that the university should introduce specific programs that cater

to the mental health of nursing students during pandemics and other crises happening in their own

world.

Salinda et al. (2021) conducted a concept analysis on the mental health of nursing students,

emphasizing the significant stress they face and its impact on their psychological well-being.

According to the World Health Organization, around 792 million people worldwide suffer from

mental or behavioral disorders. The research aims to identify the challenges nursing students

encounter and the coping strategies they use. Using a case analysis method, the researchers

highlighted that those with better psychological well-being tend to lead healthier lives. The research

concludes that supporting nursing students in managing their mental health is crucial for them to

effectively advocate for mental health in their communities.

In addition, Sodeify R.. (2020) followed the systematic review. The authors were focused on

mental health problems of nursing students, including factors that caused psychological distress in

them and the strategies that they adopted. This literature review synthesized data from various
studies conducted in many different countries, and it was found that nursing students experience

significantly high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress due to both academic and clinic-related

pressures, as well as the emotional strain involved in their practice. Coping mechanisms like social

support, mindfulness, and time management also proved necessary for these effects to be relieved.

Argued Sodeify R.. (2020) , mental health challenges are common nursing students, yet if one takes

into account the interventions targeted on promoting resilience and enhancing awareness of the

nurses’ mental health, then it would be possible to significantly improve the wellness of the students

and consequently their effectiveness in providing good care. Salinda et al., (2021) concluded several

in this study that will be of worth to the nursing profession: a need for support structures for students

to better manage their mental health before professions where they will undertake care-giving jobs

that involve responsibility for people within this area.

In their comprehensive research of Filipinos help-seeking behavior for mental health

disorders, Martinez, Co., Lau, and Brown (2020) identified important facilitators and barriers.

According to their findings, resilience and self-reliance were prevalent coping mechanisms, but

stigma and sociocultural norms prevented many Filipinos from using mental health treatments. The

main motivators for seeking assistance were social support and the seriousness of the issues. Despite

the fact that psychological suffering is common among Filipinos, this study emphasizes how stigma

around mental health affects access to services.

The study by Tuliao et al. (2020) found that culture has a big influence on how people

in the Philippines view and treat mental health. The research utilized a mix-method approach,

including surveys, to explore how traditional beliefs and stigma influence the recognition and

management of mental health issues among Filipinos. The results show that people tend to rely more

on spiritual practices and family support than on official mental health services, which affects the

efficacy and accessibility of mental health care. The study highlights the importance of integrating

cultural differences into mental health services to improve support and reduce stigma. By
promoting
culturally competent care that respects and incorporates local beliefs and practices, mental health

outcomes in the Philippines can be enhanced.

Malolos et al. (2021) examined the mental health challenges faced by Filipino children

during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting significant risks due to insufficient and uncoordinated

interventions tailored to their unique needs. The study employed a descriptive, qualitative approach

through a review of existing data to evaluate the well-being of children amid pandemic-related

stressors. Findings indicated that mental health support for Filipino children was lacking, with

potential for long-term adverse effects if left unaddressed. The authors emphasize that in the

post-pandemic phase, adaptive to circumstances, focused interventions are essential to preventing a

potential mental health crisis.

A study by Ocampo, Santos, Sevilleja, and Gloria (2024) found that the COVID-19

pandemic had a major effect on mental and behavioral health in the Philippines. The research

indicates that the pandemic led to increased anxiety, depression, and stress, particularly among

vulnerable populations such as frontline workers, the unemployed, and low-income households. The

study discovered that social isolation and restricted access to mental health services made these

problems worse, suggesting the need for stronger mental health support networks and easily available

care in times of public health emergencies. Meanwhile, the scoping review found that the majority of

existing study literature revealed moderate-to-severe mental health consequences for

educators/learners and healthcare personnel. Future study on the health effects of the pandemic is

crucial, according to the authors, who stress the need for comprehensive qualitative and quantitative

investigations of various populations in the Philippines and other low- and middle-income nations

(Ocampo et al., 2024).

 The study by Serrano et al. (2023) found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, young

adult senior high school students in Metro Manila experienced considerable levels of stress, anxiety,

and depression that were impacted by family history, social support, and sociodemographic traits.

This mixed-methods research, involving 187 Filipino students, utilized surveys, interviews, and

focus group discussions to gather comprehensive data. The results showed that mental health

concerns were more common among students with a family history of mental health problems, a

lower socioeconomic position, and little social support. Strong social support networks were also

shown to act as a stress buffer, highlighting the value of family and community ties to mitigate

mental health issues during crises. Although the study has certain limitations, Serrano et al. (2023)

pointed out that in order to improve senior high school students' mental health, social support should

be strengthened. Furthermore, school mental health programs may need to provide extra support for

students who are at risk for poor mental health, such as female students and those with a family

history of mental disorders. In order to address the mental health of Filipino senior high school

students both during and after the pandemic, this study shows the necessity of focused treatments.

The study by Tee et al. (2020) claims that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly

affected Filipinos' psychological well-being, resulting in increased levels of stress, anxiety, and

depression. The research, which surveyed 1,879 Filipinos, identified economic hardships, social

isolation, and health concerns as significant contributors to these mental health issues. Particularly

vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and low-income families, were greatly affected. The study

found that factors such as being female, aged 12-21, single, a student, having recent physical

symptoms, quarantine, living alone or with one person, poor self-reported health, excessive worry,

and perceived discrimination were linked to higher psychological impact. Conversely, timely health

information, older children, good health perception, and confidence in healthcare providers helped

reduce the psychological impact. The findings reveal the necessity for better mental health support

and resources to address the systemic problems by the pandemic.

 According to the study by Lim, Regencia, Dela Cruz, Ho, Rodolfo, and Baja (2022), the

COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with the shift to online learning and increased social media use, has

significantly impacted the mental health of college students in the Philippines. The study highlights

concerns about elevated levels of anxiety, stress, and depression among students, attributing these

issues to the challenges posed by online learning and heightened social media engagement. The

research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore these impacts, emphasizing

the necessity for targeted mental health interventions and support for students. Key findings suggest

that the abrupt transition to online education and the pervasive use of social media have contributed

to the mental health challenges faced by students. To reduce stress and foster emotional resilience in

students navigating the changing educational landscape, the authors indicate the significance of

creating adaptable academic support systems, enhanced digital well-being education, and mental

health interventions (Lim et al., 2022).

According to the study by Cordero (2022), selected college students in the Philippines

experienced significant mental health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, including anxiety

and depression. The narratives shared by these students revealed that coping mechanisms varied,

with many turning to faith, self-reflection, and resilience to navigate their struggles. The importance

of social support, personal belief systems, and inner strength have been recognized as key factors in

managing mental health during prolonged periods of uncertainty and isolation. The study found that

the pandemic caused serious effects on the overall well-being of college students, with significant

themes such as anxiety and depression emerging as serious consequences. These results imply that

the individual viewpoints and in-depth experiences of college students can be used to develop

successful measures for mitigating the pandemic's detrimental consequences.

 According to the study by Malolos et al. (2022), Filipino university students have

encountered significant academic, emotional, and social challenges, particularly exacerbated by the

COVID-19 pandemic. The study utilized a mixed-method approach, combining surveys and focus

group discussions, to assess these challenges and understand students' coping mechanisms. Findings

revealed that increased stress and mental health needs are prevalent, highlighting the impact of

academic demands and social isolation. In order to properly address these issues, the study further

emphasizes how necessary mental health support services are at universities. Institutions can

significantly contribute to improving student wellbeing and lowering the risks to mental health by

identifying and addressing these stressors. This study emphasizes the need for focused interventions

and mental health policies at the university level that put the needs of students first both during and

after the pandemic.

According to the study by Alejandria et al. (2023), Filipino university students face

numerous mental health challenges influenced by socio-cultural determinants that extend beyond

their home environment. The research involved 60 university students and utilized surveys and

interviews to explore these issues. Key findings indicate that students' well-being is significantly

affected by social networks, cultural expectations, and academic pressures. University support

systems, such as peer support and culturally sensitive counseling, play an important role in

optimizing mental health and wellness for students. The study proposes a community-based approach

using the university as the core for intervention delivery, which may positively impact students’

mental health-seeking behavior. These findings point out the importance of addressing socio-cultural

factors in mental health interventions to better support university students.

In the study by Bangalan and Agnes (2024), mental health issues among Philippine

university students were evaluated using a mixed-methods approach. The research involved 634

university students and employed surveys and focus group discussions to gather data. The results
showed severe signs of anxiety and depression, especially in fourth-year students and LGBTQ+

people. Additionally, themes related to mental health challenges and coping strategies were

identified. The study focused on the need for targeted mental health interventions to address the

increasing concerns among university students, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19

pandemic. The importance of creating efficient mental health support networks at educational

institutions is put forward by this study.

Batiancila, Batuyong, Bautista, and Elnar's (2023) study assessed the Mental Health

Literacy Scale's (MHLS) psychometric qualities among college students in the Philippines. The

research involved 820 science and health-related college students from fifteen tertiary schools within

Davao del Sur and utilized a 35-item MHLS questionnaire. The findings revealed no significant

differences between men and women in terms of awareness and general mental health knowledge,

aligning with Marcus and Westra's (24) study. However, the results contradicted Hadjimina and

Furnham's (25) claims regarding disparities in mental illness recognition between genders. The study

reported that the MHLS achieved a Cronbach Alpha value of 0.780, indicating an acceptable level of

reliability, although two subscales—knowledge of self-treatment and knowledge of factors and

causes—failed to meet the benchmark. These results show how crucial it is to validate and enhance

mental health literacy resources in order to better comprehend and meet students' mental health

needs.

According to the study by Hechanova-Alampay et al. (2022), the development and pilot

evaluation of a mental health mobile app in the Philippines aimed to enhance psychological

well-being among Filipino users. Pre- and post-tests were used in this randomized controlled

experiment (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy of the workbook and app groups. Findings indicated

significant improvements in psychological well-being and cognitive reappraisal among both app and

workbook users, with mobile app users exhibiting better emotional release. The research suggested
that mobile apps like Lusog-Isip can offer accessible mental health support in low-resource

countries, providing a scalable solution to extend mental health services to underserved populations

(Hechanova-Alampay, Angeles, Tuliao, Hilario, Pagente, & Narra, 2022). The potential of digital

treatments to bridge disparities in mental health care in comparable settings is demonstrated by this

study.

Mirea et al. (2021) conducted a long term observational study to examine the effects of a

web-based psychiatric assessment on people who report with depressed symptoms. Web-based tests

and follow-up questionnaires were used in the investigation to gauge participants' subjective

well-being and awareness of mental health. The results showed that the participants' knowledge of

mental health issues and general well-being were greatly enhanced by the web-based psychiatric

evaluation. However, the study also noted that only a few participants sought professional diagnosis

after the assessment. The authors suggested that digital mental health assessments can enhance

self-awareness and well-being but reiterated the need for further integration with clinical care to

increase follow-up for professional diagnosis. The potential benefits and disadvantages of digital

interventions in mental health care are presented in this study.

According to the study by Plackett, Blyth, and Schartau (2023), a systematic review was

conducted to assess the impact of social media use interventions on mental well-being. The review

synthesized findings from various experimental studies involving adults and highlighted that

therapy-based interventions utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) yielded the most substantial

improvements in mental well-being. Specifically, these interventions were more effective in

addressing depression compared to strategies that focused on limiting or abstaining from social

media use. The study concluded that social media interventions, particularly those grounded in

therapy, can significantly enhance mental well-being, especially in the context of depression. To

further support these findings and improve the application of such therapies, the authors
acknowledged the necessity for additional high-quality studies (Plackett, Blyth, & Schartau, 2023).

The potential advantages of therapy-based social media interventions in mental health care are

brought to light by this study.

According to the study by Shim, Eaker, and Park (2022), mental health education

significantly enhances awareness and reduces stigma among college students, positively shaping

perceptions of mental illness. Conducted with 147 students enrolled in an Abnormal Psychology

course, the study used surveys, including the MBTI and Stig-9 questionnaire, to assess changes in

students’ attitudes following mental health education. The findings showed that organized mental

health education initiatives help to lessen stigma, increase empathy, and promote more positive

views. This finding suggests that integrating mental health education into college curricula may

effectively address stigma, improving overall mental health culture on campus.

The study by Villarino and Villarino (2023) found that a mental health symposium

had a favorable impact on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Filipino college student leaders

with regard to mental health. To assess changes after the symposium, the researchers conducted

interviews and surveys with 122 students from a rural institution using a mixed-method pretest-

posttest approach. The findings demonstrated that participants' understanding of mental health issues

had significantly increased, and stigma had decreased. The study points out the importance of

targeted mental health interventions like symposiums, in improving mental health literacy and

fostering supportive attitudes in educational settings, particularly in underserved rural areas. This

finding supports integrating regular mental health programs in rural institutions to promote mental

health advocacy and well-being among students.

As stated in the study by Maqbool and Herold (2024), a qualitative systematic review

was conducted to evaluate potential effectiveness and efficiency issues in usability evaluation within
digital health. This study systematically reviewed 610 articles dating from 2016 to 2023, employing

methods such as the PRISMA Flow Diagram for systematic literature review. The results indicated

that a combination of both inquiry and testing methods was the most frequently employed, evident in

47% of the studies. On the other hand, just 5% of the studies included inspection procedures as a

single method, indicating their lower usage. The review identified the top five usability

characteristics evaluated in digital health studies as satisfaction, effectiveness, efficiency,

learnability, and user error protection. Maqbool and Herold (2024) concluded that usability is a

critical factor for the adoption and success of digital health products, stressing the importance of

designing these products with accessibility, usefulness, and learnability in mind to ensure they meet

the needs of those who require them the most. This study highlights the necessity for continued focus

on usability to sustain and enhance the impact of digital health solutions.

According to the study by Yuduang et al. (2022), the usability of mobile mental health

applications in the Philippines is significantly influenced by factors such as ease of use, accessibility,

and perceived usefulness. Utilizing a Structural Equation Modeling–Artificial Neural Network

hybrid approach, the study effectively identified key determinants of app usability, emphasizing the

importance of user-friendly interfaces and relevant features to enhance user engagement and

satisfaction. As the third most prevalent disability in the Philippines, mental health has emerged as a

significant public health concern, according to the study, which included 251 Filipino respondents.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health issues, prompting the emergence of mobile

mental health applications. The findings indicate that while awareness of these apps is low, users find

them beneficial for managing mild mental health symptoms. According to Yuduang et al. (2022), the

study emphasizes the need for increased awareness and argues that these insights can guide the

creation and promotion of mental health apps both domestically and internationally.
 In examining the current state of psychological assessment practices in the Philippines,

Tarroja (2020) discusses the prevalence of Western-based assessment tools and the challenges faced

by Filipino psychologists in accessing culturally appropriate measures. The restricted availability of

appropriate tests for particular populations, such as older people with dementia, is highlighted by this

study, which was published in the Philippine Journal of Psychology. Tarroja points out the need for

procedures that more accurately represent the distinct cultural context of Filipino clients and

promotes the continuous development of regional, culturally aware instruments to close these gaps.

This suggests a critical call for culturally adapted assessments within the Filipino psychological

landscape to ensure effective mental health services.

In their study, Santos et al. (2023) examine the complex effects of internet use on the

mental health of Filipino university students, identifying both positive and negative outcomes. They

investigated how online social support mediates these effects by surveying 247 students using a

cross-sectional quantitative design. The findings indicate that while internet use can enhance mental

well-being through social support, a lack of sufficient support may lead to heightened psychological

distress. In order to lessen the negative effects of internet use on mental health, the study emphasizes

the significance of strengthening online support networks (Santos et al., 2023).

A digital mental health intervention designed to lessen depressive symptoms among

overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) in Macao showed encouraging outcomes, per the study by Liem

et al. (2020). A mixed methods strategy was used in this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT),

combining the gathering of both qualitative and quantitative data. It was discovered that the

culturally customized intervention was both practicable and initially successful in reducing

depression symptoms and improving the general wellbeing of OFWs. Notably, the study stated the

potential scalability of the intervention, suggesting it could address the treatment gap for mental

health services among OFWs who face limited access to traditional mental health care. The authors
concluded that such digital interventions could be a valuable tool in bridging the gap in mental health

support for OFWs (Liem, Garabiles, Pakingan, et al., 2020). The important role of culturally aware

and easily available mental health services for migrant worker groups is made apparent by this study.

In the study by Sanchez, Dacua, and Josol (2021), 200 nursing students enrolled at the

University of Bohol had their mental health evaluated using a descriptive-correlational research

methodology. Overall, the students showed good mental health, according to the study, which

collected data using surveys with a modified questionnaire. Interestingly, the study found no

significant association between year level and gender, but it did find a strong correlation between age

and mental health. According to the results, there is a need for emotional maturity development even

though the nursing students generally maintained good mental health. This study shows how critical

it is to keep working to promote nursing students' emotional development and mental wellness.

According to the study by Garcia (2019), mental health-related concerns among Filipino

adolescents were assessed using data from the Global School-Based Health Survey. This quantitative

study focused on children and adolescents and revealed significant issues including high levels of

depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Contributing factors such as bullying, academic pressure,

and family-related stress were identified. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved

mental health services in schools, emphasizing the necessity of counseling programs that address

emotional, social, and psychological needs. Garcia (2019) concluded that strengthening school-based

mental health interventions is crucial to support adolescent well-being and prevent long-term

consequences. This study highlights the critical role schools must play in fostering a supportive

environment to promote students' mental health and resilience.

A thorough and methodical meta-review was carried out to investigate digital health

interventions for the provision of mental health care, according to the study by Philippe et al. (2021).
This qualitative systematic review included a literature search with inclusion and exclusion criteria,

utilizing the PRISMA Flow Diagram. The review highlighted that most studies focused on digital

health interventions for conditions such as substance use, anxiety, mood, and trauma-related

disorders. The findings suggested that for patients with these conditions, the flexibility, comfort, and

routine offered by digital health interventions provided a favorable substitute for in-person visits

while retaining therapeutic utility. Additionally, it was discovered that synchronous practitioner

contact combined with digital therapy techniques was just as successful as non-digital alternatives.

Philippe et al. (2021) concluded that while digital treatments are beneficial, it is essential to consider

factors such as treatment feasibility, caregiver burden, patient-specific symptoms, and

patient-specific parameters.

According to the study by Alibudbud (2023), the transformation of mental health services

in the Philippines is vital for addressing the growing mental health needs of Filipinos. This research

highlights the necessity of expanding access, addressing the shortage of mental health professionals,

and integrating mental health into primary care. The scope of the current mental health services is

limited, especially in rural regions, by their underfunding and centralization. Building a more

inclusive, accessible, and long-lasting mental health system requires community-based care

initiatives, increased public awareness, and regulatory reform, including the full implementation of

the Mental Health Act. The study addresses the need for a thorough strategy that prioritizes

integration into primary care, accessibility, and de-stigmatization. Moreover, strengthening policies,

increasing the number of mental health professionals, and promoting public awareness are critical

steps. Improved mental health infrastructure and community-based interventions are key to ensuring

equitable and effective care for all Filipinos.

According to the study by Martin-Key et al. (2022), the field of digital mental health

assessment tools is still in its early stages, with most studies using digitized versions of existing
pen-and-paper questionnaires. The systematic review evaluated 28 studies, focusing on conditions

such as generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder, and found a range of screening

or diagnostic accuracy from poor to excellent. The study reveals the need for more sophisticated and

comprehensive digital diagnostic technologies that can be easily integrated into routine clinical care.

Gap to be bridged by the Study

This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding nursing students' awareness, perception,

and utilization of mental health assessment online tools. Specifically, it investigates the level of

awareness, perceived effectiveness, and influencing factors for adoption among Level 1-4 (18-24

years old) nursing students at Bicol University. By exploring these dimensions, the study seeks to

provide meaningful insights that can enhance mental health support within nursing education.

Furthermore, this study examines potential barriers to accessing and using mental health

assessment tools, highlighting areas where mental health resources could be more effectively

integrated into the nursing curriculum. By identifying gaps in support and understanding, the

research aims to encourage early mental health intervention and promote a supportive environment

for future healthcare professionals, equipping them to manage both their own well-being and the

mental health needs of their future patients.

Hypothesis

Increased levels of awareness of mental health assessment online tools among student

nurses are positively associated with their perceived effectiveness in mental health management.

Specifically, student nurses with a higher level of awareness are more likely to perceive these tools

as usable, accurate, and accessible for assessing mental health conditions.

 Theoretical Framework

Theoretically, this study was grounded on the integration of the Technology Acceptance

Model (TAM) and the Health Belief Model (HBM). The TAM helps explain how students perceive

the mental health assessment websites in terms of their usefulness and ease of use. At the same time,

the HBM provides insight into how these websites influence students’ perceptions of their own

mental health risks and their motivation to take action. TAM primarily addresses how technology

adoption occurs, while HBM explains health-related decision-making, making them complementary

models for understanding the effectiveness of mental health assessment websites.

Moreover, the theory suggests that there is a connection between the students' perception

of the benefits and challenges of using these websites and their actual engagement with the

platforms. Students who perceive the websites as useful and easy to navigate are more likely to have

a positive attitude towards using them. At the same time, those who understand the severity of mental

health risks and believe in the benefits of mental health assessment are more likely to actively engage

with the websites to monitor and improve their mental health.

This theoretical framework illustrates how various factors such as perceived usefulness,

ease of use, attitudes, and actual behaviors, shape students attitudes toward mental health assessment

websites. These attitudes influence their intention to use the website, which in turn enhances their

awareness and understanding of mental health, ultimately leading to improved mental health

outcomes. By integrating both technology acceptance and health belief model the framework

provides a comprehensive view of how these platforms impact mental health among nursing

students.

Figure 1

Theoretical Framework of the Study

 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for this study is designed to explore the relationship between

student nurses' level of awareness of mental health assessment online tools and their perceived

effectiveness in mental health management. The framework highlights how awareness of these tools

may influence perceptions of their effectiveness, which includes factors such as usability, accuracy,

and accessibility.

In this framework, Level of Awareness serves as the independent variable. It refers

to the extent to which student nurses are familiar with or knowledgeable about mental health

assessment online tools. Awareness is influenced by factors like access to information, academic

training, and personal engagement with mental health resources.

 The Perceived Effectiveness of these tools is the dependent variable. This includes

student nurses’ assessments of the tools in terms of usability (how easy they are to use), accuracy

(how reliable they are in assessing mental health), and accessibility (how readily available these tools

are for use). Perceived effectiveness is influenced by the students’ level of awareness and may

impact their likelihood of using such tools in their personal and professional lives.

The framework suggests that higher levels of awareness may positively correlate with

greater perceived effectiveness, as familiarity with the tools could enhance students' confidence in

their usefulness and reliability. The study aims to explore this relationship, providing insights into

whether raising awareness could improve the perceived value and utilization of mental health

assessment tools among student nurses.

Figure 2

Conceptual Framework of the Study

 Definition of Terminologies

Mental Health. It is a person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It's

more than just the absence of mental disorders or disabilities. According to the World Health

Organization (WHO), it is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses

of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community.

Perceived. to become aware or conscious of something; come to realize,

understand, or recognize things using the mind

Status. A state or condition of a person with respect to circumstances or situations.

 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the

Research Design
A survey will be employed to gather data from student nurses regarding their awareness and

perceptions of online mental health assessment tools. The population for this study will include

student nurses enrolled in nursing programs at Bicol University College of Nursing.

Setting of the Study

This study is conducted at Bicol University, College of Nursing, one of the leading nursing

institutions in the Bicol region. The college is set within a community where access to mental health

resources is limited, and societal stigma surrounding mental health remains prevalent. Nursing

students at the college face a rigorous curriculum, extensive clinical training, and high academic

expectations, all of which contribute to considerable stress levels. This environment, compounded by

the cultural and logistical barriers to mental health care, emphasizes the relevance of online mental
health assessment tools that offer accessible, private, and stigma-free support.

Given the regional challenges of limited mental health services and cultural hesitations

around seeking help, Bicol University's College of Nursing provides an ideal setting for examining

nursing students' awareness and perceived effectiveness of these tools. By situating this study in a

high-pressure academic environment within a region facing mental health access disparities, the

research explores whether digital mental health resources can bridge gaps and support students in

effectively managing their mental well-being. The insights gained here could contribute to mental

health support strategies both within the institution and potentially across similar settings in the

region, addressing both immediate and broader mental health needs.

Respondents of the Study

This study utilizes stratified random sampling to ensure representation across all academic

levels of nursing students enrolled in Bicol University, College of Nursing. The target population

includes 360 students, aged 18-24, both male and female, from Levels 1 to 4. By dividing the

students into strata based on their academic level, this method allows for the capture of insights that

may differ across stages of nursing education, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of

mental health assessment tool awareness and perceived effectiveness.

From the total population, a sample size of 300 students, or 50% of the population, is

randomly selected within each stratum. This proportionate sample ensures that each level is

adequately represented while maintaining the study's feasibility and reliability in data collection. The

sample distribution aims to provide diverse perspectives and experiences, thereby enhancing the

study's validity and enabling targeted insights into students' awareness, perceptions or perceived

effectiveness, and potential barriers to using online mental health assessment tools.
 Table 1

Respondents of the Study

Level Population Sample Size

Level 1 160 80

Level 2 160 80

Level 3 160 80

Level 4 120 60

Total 600 300

This distribution ensures that the sample reflects a balanced understanding of students’

awareness and perceived effectiveness regarding mental health assessment tools. It also

supports the development of targeted interventions for enhancing mental health support

within nursing education.

 Research Instrument

The primary research instrument for this study, titled "The Student Nurses Level of

Awareness and Perceived Effectiveness of Mental Health Assessment Online Tools," is a structured

survey questionnaire. This instrument is chosen to gather quantitative data on student nurses'

awareness levels and their perceptions of the effectiveness of online mental health assessment tools.

The questionnaire will be divided into several sections to systematically cover the variables and

objectives of the study.

1. Section 1: Demographic Information

○ This section collects basic demographic data from participants, such as age, year

level, and academic program. These details provide context for the data and allow for

subgroup analyses if needed.

2. Section 2: Awareness of Mental Health Assessment Online Tools

○ This section includes questions aimed at measuring the respondents' level of

awareness regarding mental health assessment online tools. Questions may cover

whether the participants have heard of or used any online mental health assessment

tools, how frequently they use them, and how they became aware of these tools.

3. Section 3: Perceived Effectiveness of Mental Health Assessment Online Tools

○ This section assesses the respondents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of these tools.

Questions will address usability, accuracy, and accessibility. Participants will be

asked to rate each aspect on a Likert scale, providing insights into their views on how

helpful, reliable, and accessible these tools are.

4. Section 4: Additional Feedback and Open-Ended Questions

 ○ To capture qualitative insights, this section includes open-ended questions where

participants can share any additional feedback or experiences they may have

regarding the online tools. This section allows for a deeper understanding of

respondents' perceptions and can reveal areas for improvement in the tools.

Ethical Considerations

The researchers will firstly obtain consent from the respondents before conducting the

research; online platforms will be used, utilizing google forms in conducting the survey. The

researchers will not force the respondents to answer the survey and will make sure that all personal

information of the respondents will be kept confidential.

Data Gathering Procedures
 Data Analysis and Interpretation

Based on the study's objectives and survey structure, the following data analysis and

interpretation plan will be used to address the relationship between student nurses' awareness and

perceived effectiveness of mental health assessment online tools:

1. Descriptive Statistics

○ Demographic Data: Analyze demographic data (e.g., age, year level, gender) using

frequency distributions and percentages to provide an overview of the participants'

profiles.

○ Level of Awareness: Calculate the frequency and percentage of students who have

heard of or used mental health assessment online tools. Also, analyze the sources

of awareness (e.g., academic courses, social media) to identify the primary

channels of information.

○ Perceived Effectiveness Ratings: Summarize students’ ratings of the tools in terms

of usability, accuracy, and accessibility using mean scores and standard deviations

for each Likert-scale item. This will provide insights into the general perceptions

of these tools.

2. Inferential Statistics

○ Correlation Analysis: Perform Pearson correlation analysis to examine the

relationship between the level of awareness (measured by frequency of use and

sources of awareness) and perceived effectiveness (composite score of usability,

accuracy, and accessibility). This will test the hypothesis that higher levels of

awareness are associated with higher perceived effectiveness.

○ Comparative Analysis by Year Level: Conduct ANOVA to determine if there are

statistically significant differences in perceived effectiveness based on students'

 year levels. This analysis will help identify if perceptions vary by educational

stage.

3. Qualitative Analysis of Open-Ended Responses

○ Thematic Analysis: Analyze open-ended responses to identify recurring themes

related to the benefits, challenges, and suggestions for improvement of mental

health assessment online tools. Themes such as accessibility challenges, ease of

use, and suggestions for increasing tool awareness can provide valuable qualitative

insights into students' experiences and needs.

Interpretation

● Descriptive Results Interpretation: The demographic and awareness data will provide a

baseline understanding of the sample’s characteristics and current exposure to mental

health assessment tools. If most students report limited awareness, this may suggest a

need for enhanced awareness initiatives.

● Inferential Results Interpretation: A positive correlation between awareness and perceived

effectiveness would support the hypothesis that familiarity with the tools enhances

confidence in their usability, accuracy, and accessibility. Differences in perceived

effectiveness by year level could indicate varying needs or experiences based on

academic progression.

● Qualitative Results Interpretation: The themes from open-ended responses will

complement quantitative findings, providing practical insights that may inform

recommendations for improving the accessibility, usability, and promotion of mental

health tools among nursing students.

This data analysis approach aligns with the conceptual framework and will enable the study to

determine whether awareness interventions could enhance the perceived value and use of mental
health assessment tools among student nurses(BUCN-Updated-Guidelines…).
 Chapter IV

[TITLE OF THE STUDY]

This chapter

[Based on the Statement of the Problem #1]

The

[Based on the Statement of the Problem #]

The

.
 [Based on the Statement of the Problem #]

1. Conduct a pilot test of the survey with a small group of students to ensure clarity,

reliability, and validity. Refine the questionnaire as necessary based on feedback from the

pilot test.

2. Aim to gather responses from at least 300 students, ensuring representation from each

academic level for comprehensive insights.

3. Administer the survey through an online platform to allow easy access for students and

ensure anonymity. The survey link will be distributed via official university

communication channels and social media groups related to the College of Nursing.

4. Ensure informed consent by providing participants with an introductory section in the

survey that explains the study’s purpose, their voluntary participation, data

confidentiality, and the right to withdraw at any time without consequences.

5. Allocate a specified time frame (e.g., two weeks) for survey completion and send periodic

reminders to encourage participation.

6. Collect responses in a secure, password-protected database to maintain data

confidentiality. Only the researchers and authorized personnel will have access to this

data.
 7. Review collected data for any incomplete or inconsistent responses, which may be

excluded from the analysis to ensure accuracy.

This procedure aligns with Bicol University College of Nursing’s thesis guidelines and supports

a structured approach to exploring student nurses' awareness and perceptions of mental health

assessment online tools.

.
Table [Number]

[Title of the Table]

[Column Heads] [Column Heads] [Column Heads]

Total [Number] [Number]

Note.
 Chapter V

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study

Findings
 Conclusions

Recommendations

The study

:
[Beneficiary 1].

[Beneficiary 2].
 REFERENCES

Author’s last name, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of the book. Publisher.
https://doi.org/DOI
Author’s last name, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of the article. Title of Journal,
Volume(Issue), Pages. https://doi.org/DOI
Author’s last name, Initial(s). (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of the work.
Website. https://URL
Author’s last name, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of the article. Newspaper.
https://URL
Last name, Initial(s). [Channel]. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of the video
[Video]. Website. https://URL
Organization. (Year of publication). Word. In Dictionary. Publisher. https://URL
 CURRICULUM VITAE

[NAME]
[Complete Address]
[Contact Number/s]
[E-mail Address]

Personal Data:
Birthdate:

Education:
[Name of Higher Education Bachelor of Science in
Nursing Institution] [Inclusive Years]

[Name of Secondary Education Secondary Education

Institution] [Inclusive Years]

[Name of Primary Education Elementary Education

Institution] [Inclusive Years]

Honors/Awards: (Within 5
years) Awards:
[Title of the Award, date and year received]

Honors:
[Title of the Honor, date and year received]

Relevant Trainings in Research: (Within 5 years most to least recent)

[Title of the Training Program, inclusive dates of attendance]

Relevant Trainings in Nursing: (Within 5 years, most to least recent)

[Title of the Training Program, inclusive dates of attendance]
Survey Questionnaire

Title: The Student Nurses’ Level of Awareness and Perceived Effectiveness of Mental Health

Assessment Online Tools

Introduction:

Thank you for participating in this survey. This study aims to assess student nurses' awareness and

perceptions of the effectiveness of mental health assessment online tools. Your responses will remain

confidential and will be used solely for academic purposes. This survey will take approximately 10–

15 minutes to complete.

Instructions:

Please read each question carefully and select or write the response that best describes your answer.

For multiple-choice and Likert-scale questions, select only one answer unless otherwise indicated.

Section 1: Demographic Information

1. Age:
○ Under 18
○ 18-22
○ 23-27
○ 28 and above
2. Year Level:
○ First Year
○ Second Year
○ Third Year
○ Fourth Year
3. Gender:
○ Male
○ Female
○ Prefer not to say
4. Have you taken any formal courses or training related to mental health?
○ Yes
○ No

Section 2: Awareness of Mental Health Assessment Online Tools

 5. Have you heard of mental health assessment online tools?
○ Yes
○ No
6. If yes, how did you become aware of these tools?
○ University/academic courses
○ Social media
○ Friends or family
○ Medical professionals
○ Other:
7. Have you ever used an online mental health assessment tool?
○ Yes
○ No
8. If you have used such tools, how frequently do you use them?
○ Daily
○ Weekly
○ Monthly
○ Occasionally
○ Rarely

Section 3: Perceived Effectiveness of Mental Health Assessment Online Tools

On a scale from 1 to 5, please rate your agreement with the following statements regarding online
mental health assessment tools.

Statement 1 (Strongly 2 (Disagree) 3 (Neutral) 4 5 (Strongly

Disagree) (Agree) Agree)

9. Online mental
health assessment
tools are easy to use.

10. These tools

provide accurate
assessments of
mental health
conditions.

11. Mental health

assessment tools are
readily accessible
online.
 12. I find these tools
helpful in
understanding my
mental health.

13. I would
recommend these
tools to other
students for mental
health assessment.

Section 4: Additional Feedback

14. What do you think are the benefits of using online mental health assessment tools?
(Open-ended)

15. What challenges or limitations have you experienced with these tools, if any?
(Open-ended)

16. Do you have any suggestions to improve the effectiveness of online mental
health assessment tools?
(Open-ended)

End of Survey

Thank you for your time and participation! Your responses are valuable for advancing our

understanding of mental health resources for student nurses.