 Black Death occurred from 1347 to 1351, and you can see the incredible

speed of this pandemic through this photo. The black color spreads almost
and covers half of the map area. It originated from the vast expanses of the
Mongol Empire and spreaded through the Silk Road. Black Death triggered
far-reaching economic disruption, marked the end of medieval Europe's old
order and paved the way for the Renaissance. According to researchers,
Florence, one of the continent's most prosperous cities, lost approximately
60% of its population in just a few months; 1/3 Europe’s population died;
and 75 to 200 million deaths across Asia, Europe, and North Africa. There
were three main measures used at that time, and the first was quarantine and
isolation. The port city of Ragusa created history's first quarantine system
during the Black Death. Though wealthy citizens often escaped isolation,
spreaded the disease further, the quarantine still proved effective in
containing outbreaks where implemented. One measure that is also applied
is religious responses. The Black Death sparked two extreme religious
responses: flagellants and Jewish persecution. The Flagellant movement
grew but quickly died after the Pope condemned it. Christians burned Jewish
homes and communities, forced Jews to convert or burn their own homes.
Medieval medicine believed in four bodily humors and used bloodletting to
restore balance. Yet this practice, along with other odd treatments, failed to
cure plague victims and often made them worse.
 The flu spreads to the nose, throat and sometime lungs with symptoms such
as: fever, nausea, and sore throat. Recently, most children have got their flu
vaccine. But in 1918, there was no flu shot, so 500 million people were
infected, which was about one third of population, and at least 50 million
people died around the world – What a shocking death toll. It began in the
spring of 1918- 1920, during World War I. And unfortunately, the virus
reached nearly every countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. It
might have started in China, France or US, but didn’t come from Spain. So,
Why do you think it’s called the “Spanish flu” ? – Because Spain was not in
World War I and they had no reason to hide anything, they reported
information about the virus while other countries suppressed news to
maintain power during wartime. Next, I will talk about the methods people
used to recover from the pandemic. Despite limited knowledge and medical
advancements, individuals and government tried various strategies to
combat the flu. Firstly, one of the key points is medical care and temporary
hospitals. At this time, hospitals were overwhelmed due to both World War I
 and Spanish flu, so they had to establish /i’stœbli∫/ makeshift hospitals in
locations like: schools, churches, and public buildings… Additionally,
volunteers also looked after the patients, kept /kept/ them isolated/’aisძleit/
and made them comfortable since many doctors were occupied/’okjupaid/
with the war. A critical factor involved extensive health campaigns and
proactive individual actions to control the virus. Doctors had no method to
create a vaccine or antibiotics, so the best way was quarantine and isolation
to avoid transmission. As a result, many cities closed cinemas, theaters, and
businesses, prevented large gatherings. Besides, Individuals were educated
about hygiene and strategies to reduce the virus such as: wearing masks,
keeping clean hands, getting fresh air, or avoiding close contact… Finally,
another decisive factor in combating the flu was the implementation of
government interventions to curb its spread. Governments still played an
important role in dealing with the outbreak. They stopped public
transportation and travel…to slow down the spread; they also required
people to wear masks and remain at home. In particular, individuals who
didn’t follow the rules could be fined. Although some people disputed these
regulations, they were effective in controlling the pandemic.
 HIV/AIDS, a well-known devastating pandemic that began in the early
1980s and continues to this day, has claimed the lives of over 42 million
people. Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is primarily
transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, and from mother to
child. Its profound impact on health, society, and the economy has been felt
worldwide. HIV/AIDS has been one of humanity's most significant
challenges. Despite this, people have continuously sought and implemented
strategies to overcome it. One of the most prominent strategies is: Public
awareness and education campaigns strategy. A cornerstone in the global
fight against HIV/AIDS, these campaigns empower individuals with
accurate knowledge to protect themselves and others. By disseminating
reliable information through diverse channels, we foster a comprehensive
understanding of HIV/AIDS, its modes of transmission, and effective
prevention strategies. This knowledge empowers individuals to make
informed choices, reduce their risk of infection, and contribute to a more
inclusive and supportive society for people living with HIV. The second
crucial solution is Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). ART, a combination of
antiretroviral drugs, is a major breakthrough in HIV. It significantly extends
the lifespan of people living with HIV, improves their health, and reduces
 transmission. From there, improving the quality of life for people living with
HIV. Despite challenges such as side effects and cost, particularly in
developing countries, ART is indispensable in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
Therefore, continued research and wider access are essential to ending the
epidemic. Ultimately, it cannot be overstated that Global Collaboration and
Funding are the keys to defeating the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Programs like
PEPFAR, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, have
demonstrated that with the right investments, we can significantly reduce the
burden of the epidemic. Beyond PEPFAR, other international organizations
such as UNAIDS and WHO play vital roles in coordinating and supporting
global HIV/AIDS prevention and response strategies. Vietnam, with the
support of the international community, has set an ambitious goal of ending
the AIDS epidemic by 2030, and is actively working towards this objective.
 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious illness/ caused by
the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Despite its seemingly simple transmission/ through
respiratory droplets from talking and sneezing, COVID-19 has tragically
resulted in around seven million deaths worldwide/ and triggered an
economic crisis across every nation. And now we throwback together
timeline of covid 19
 The first reported case emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. I
remember clearly a lot of newspapers saying covid 19 at that time was just a
flu of unknown origin . However, by mid-2020, the virus had escalated into
a global crisis, spreading rapidly through Asia, including countries like
Thailand, South Korea, and Japan, and soon thereafter to Europe, leading to
millions of fatalities. And last in 2020 The World Health Organization
(WHO) officially declared it a pandemic on March 12, 2020. When the Delta
variant appeared, it made the situation worse leading to urgent efforts to
create vaccines. By December 2020, the first vaccine was announced, which
was a major achievement. Once again a dangerous variant On May 5, 2023,
the WHO said that COVID-19 was no longer an emergency but still needed
careful monitoring. From 2020 to 2024, the WHO reported over 7 million
deaths globally attributed to COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 often
show symptoms like fever, sore throat, cough, and fatigue, although which
âre popular symotoms, The virus enters the lungs, causing them to fail
quickly and made person pass away just days after showing symptons.
Beyond direct fatalities, the pandemic has also resulted in a surge of mental
health issues. Because The consequences it left behind were painful, not
only did people lose asset but they also had to behold the deaths of relatives.
i want to talk some main measure humanity did to overcome covid 19
impacts. Mask mandates and social distancing guidelines In fact, people,
especially Europeans, had thought that wearing masks when they hung out
was not necessary, even when the pandemic was a dangerous period, they
felt uncomfortable when the government announced that it was obligatory to
have a mask if they went to public places, however when they be held “a
storm death” they accepted mask that was helpful things for their life .
Lockdown, which can be effective for public health measures during a
pandemic, aims to reduce transmission by restricting people's movement and
interactions, thereby decreasing the likelihood of the virus spreading.
Although it was a difficult time, it can be disruptive and lower the world's
economy, but it can also be essential for controlling outbreaks and protecting
public health. Vacccin is the most important drug if you will want to virus
disappear and not exception Clinical trials of covid 19 vacccin were sped
up, and health agencies gave special permissions to use vaccines early based
on early results. Governments have implemented consumer incentives, such
as reducing VAT or providing shopping vouchers, to encourage spending
among the public. During or after COVID-19, online work became essential
as businesses swiftly adapted to remote operations to ensure continuity and
safety. Tools like Zoom and Slack facilitated communication and
collaboration, allowing teams to connect despite physical distances.