Functional Harmony (Major)
Primary Triads
IV V
Pre-dominant Triads
Moves to V but then must progress to I (or a tonic substitute)
IV
ii V
vi
IV may also lead to either of the other pre-dominant chords
ii
IV
vi V
Tonic Substituting Triads
vi may occasionally substitute I after a V
V vi
but NOT when vi has been used as a pre-dominant
vi V vi
Dominant Substituting Triads
iii and viiº6 may occasionally substitute V anywhere other than a cadence
iii I
viiº6 I
Although, best to avoid viiº6 for now as it has a very specific resolution
Tonic Passing Triads
vi and iii may be used as passing chords to chord IV
I vi IV
I iii IV
Secondary Triads
If using these secondary triad functions, it is best to do so sparingly or in
passing. You should return to the primary triads as soon as possible.
vi
ii iii