Representation Theory of Finite Groups
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Throughout Fix a field IF
V over is a set together with
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such that
under
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Cab c a
such that be
Defort assoc
alg A is an elf IAEA st
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Henceforth
by an
algebra we will mean an associative algebra
with a unit
Eat
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where End V is the set of all linear maps V V
A x xD has basis consistingof
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plication givenby concatenation
5 Let G be a group r
has basis indexed by in9GP.tt multAiptifdion
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DefuI An algebra A is commutative ifab bata.be A
Def
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Notation
They thrashg by property is given
Examplei i A any algebra V O p zero map
V A
2 A End A
p given by p a b ab
This is called the regularre.pe of A
3 A x x2 Xn Then any left A module is a
vect sp V over IF with a collection of arbitrary
linear maps p x px2 px End
av
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The hom Pw A End w is a subrepresentations of p
Defuse An A module V 0 and its associated repn is irreducible
or simple if its only submodules are 0 and V
Defate Let p A End V and o A End W be two repus
8 v1 this Keatingian intelligently
action of A pca ie aEA a
op a v 0 a QQ
V E V
it
o
II
Homa Vi V2
is
In t S
Dee Let V and V2 be A modules Then V V2 is also
an A module under the map a v x Can au
This is called the director of V and V2
if 193T Ethan
nonzero modules
fiddir buffeted
Not Irreducible Indecomposable
Examiple Let A F x and V F and p A End V given by
x
p
Then PG so W is a submodule
EIJI Miki 0 so
for any telF
P 1 YI
submodule U
I
for and thus V is
Edelffaff any
ProI Let V1 V2 be modules of A
f dfÉ not necessarily algebraically
an
closed
alg
Let V V2 be nonzero horn of repus
a Then
i If V is irreducible then is injective
1 If V2 is irreducible then is surjective
Thus if V andV2 are both irreducible then is an isomorphism
Exercise her VEV I v Or is a submodule of V
im v EvalVEV is a submodule of V2
Pfi We observe K her is a submod of V1 Since 0
and V is irred we must have K 0 Thus is ing
1 The image I of is a submod of V2 Since 0
and V is irred we must have I V2 Thus is surj
C lemma for alg closed fields Let V be a fin dim
Scheer's
irred A module over an alg closed field IF and let
V V be an intertwiningop Then 7 Idr for some DEF
Pt Let be an eigenvalue of which exists because
is alg closed Then 0 AID is also an intertwining op
which is not Then Prop
the anfeomoc.gg
operator is
by
2 Let A be a commutative
alg
A module V is 1 dimensional
p
Tender
Stied fin dim
PE Let V be irred Then aEA p a V V is an intertwining
op Thus by Schur's lemma p a is a scalar operator aEA
Hence every subsp of V is a submod So if V is irred
it cannot have subspaces and hence dimV
any
