EDO STATE UNIVERSITY UZAIRUE
Department of Anatomy
Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences
Lecturer: Dr. Vidona B.Willy
GROSS ANATOMY
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ANA 215
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ARCHES OF FOOT
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OUTLINES
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Introduction
Arches of the foot
Longitudinal arches of foot
Transverse arch of foot
Summary
Interactions
Further reading
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
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By the end of the lecture, the students should be able to:
Define the arches of the foot
Describes the formation of the Arches of the foot
Highlight structures for maintaining the arches of the foot
Give the functions of arches of the foot
Explain the clinical correlates of arches of the foot
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Arches of the foot is a curved structural/morphological span/outline on the medial aspect of the foot
seen prominently while foot is in plantar position.
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Foot arches chart
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ARCHES OF THE FOOT
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Medial Longitudinal Arch - formed and maintained by the
interlocking of the talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuneiform,
and three medial metatarsal bones.
Is supported by the spring ligament and the tendon of the
flexor hallucis longus.
Lateral Longitudinal Arch - formed by the calcaneus, the
cuboid bone, and the lateral two metatarsal bones. The
keystone is the cuboid bone.
Is supported by the peroneus longus tendon and the long and
short plantar ligaments.
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Transverse Proximal (metatarsal) arch - formed by the
navicular bone, the three cuneiform bones, the cuboid
bone, and the bases of the five metatarsal bones of the
foot.
Is supported by the tendon of the peroneus longus.
Transverse Distal arch - formed by the heads of five
metatarsal bones.
Is maintained by the transverse head of the adductor
hallucis.
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ANTERIOR TRANSVERSE ARCH Posterior transverse arch
The heads of the metatarsals create the anterior This is composed by greater parts of the tarsus
transverse arch. and metatarsus.
It’s a whole arch because during standing position It’s an incomplete arch because only its lateral
the heads of first and fifth metatarsals come into end enters into contact with all the earth during
contact to the earth and create the 2 ends of the standing position. It creates only half of the
arch. dome in a single foot. The entire dome is
composed when both feet are brought
together.
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Maintenance of Arches
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MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL
Ligaments binding the muscles - Spring/calcaneonavicular
ligament
Medial Plantar aponeurosis
Muscles and tendons around bones - Adductor hallucis and flexor
hallucis longus
Bony articulation
LATERAL LONGITUDINAL
Ligaments binding the muscles – short plantar and dorsal igament
Lateral Plantar aponeurosis
Muscles and tendons around bones - Peroneus halluces, adductor
digiti minimi and flexor digitorum brevis
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Difference between medial and lateral long arch
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FUNCTIONS
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Provides rigid support while standing
Serves as mobile spring board during running
Acts as shock absorber while jumping
Protects soft tissues within their borders
Gives greater flexion of the foot
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Spread weight to weight bearing points
Clinical Significance
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Pes planus/flat foot – Arch is flat and it affects running, standing
for long
Pes cavus/high medial arch foot – Plantar aponeurosis is
completely short probably due to destruction of tibial nerve
Talipes deformity/club foot – Foot points downward and inward
as most common in males
Hallux valgus – Hallux moves towards the lateral side of foot as
common in females
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SUMMARY
Every regions of the lower limb has its own unique landmark feature that conveys or houses major
structures
Superficial inguinal ring – The superficial (external) inguinal ring is the end of the
inguinal canal. It is a triangular-shaped defect in the aponeurosis of the external
oblique muscle and lies immediately above and medial to the pubic tubercle
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QUESTION/INTERACTION
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Formation and maintaining structure of:
Medial longitudinal arch of the foot
Lateral longitudinal arch of the foot
Transverse arch of the foot
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