English for

Starters
9
Ninth Grade

Activity Book

Cheryl Pelteret
with Julia Starr Keddle and Martyn Hobbs
322 Old Brompton Road,
London SW5 9JH,
England

Maktabat El Nashr El Tarbawi El Souri

(Syrian Educational Publishers)

Omar El Mukhtar 2nd Str., Bldg. 6

El Mazraa, Damascus-Syria
Phone: (011) 44676789
Fax: (011) 44676788
e-mail: [email protected]
www.syrianep.com

New edition 2010

© York Press 2008

All rights reserved; no part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the Publishers.
 Contents
Module 1 Stories
Unit 1 Past & present 4
Unit 2 Storytellers 8
Module 1 Progress test 12

Module 2 Places around the world

Unit 3 Countries 16
Unit 4 Cities 20
Module 2 Progress test 24

Module 3 Health and medicine

Unit 5 Get well 28
Unit 6 Hygiene 32
Module 3 Progress test 36

Module 4 Critical thinking

Unit 7 Finding answers 40
Unit 8 Solving problems 44
Module 4 Progress test 48

Module 5 Challenges & exploration

Unit 9 Emergency & rescue 52
Unit 10 Journeys 56
Module 5 Progress test 60

Module 6 People and social activities

Unit 11 About our lives 64
Unit 12 Wishes & regrets 68
Module 6 Progress test 72

Self-assessment answer key 76

My vocabulary 77
Assessment tools 79
Glossary 81
 Module 1 Stories

1
Language practice 4. I’m so .................................. with my brother.
He took my new football to the park
yesterday, and now he’s lost it.
Use the present simple to talk about routines 5. I’m .................................. about the test
and habits. tomorrow. I studied hard, but I still don’t
They always go skiing in winter. think I know everything.
Use the past simple to talk about finished 6. Are you .................................. of spiders? I am
events in the past. too.
He moved to Canada when he was five. 7. You sing beautifully, Nadia!
Use the present continuous / past continuous I’m ........................!
to talk about something that is or was in
progress at the time of speaking. 2 Write the dialogues in full. Use
I am studying for my exams this week. the present simple or the present
The last time I heard from her, she was continuous.
working in Damascus. A: What / you / study / in History / this
year?
B: We / learn / about Ancient Greece.
1 Match the people with the sentences. 1. What are you studying in History this
Then write the word that describes each
year?
person. b c 2. .........................................................................................

a A: What / you / do / at the weekend?

B: I / play / volleyball / every Saturday.
3. .........................................................................................

4. .........................................................................................
e f A: I / think / about / starting a reading
d club.
B: That / a good idea! / I / read / a good
book / at the moment.
g 5. .........................................................................................

6. .........................................................................................

3 Complete the sentences. Use the past

simple and past continuous.
1. Naser was riding his bike when he fell off.
1. Yesterday, while I was shopping in the
(ride, fall)
market, I fell into a box of fruit! I felt so
2. I .................................. for the bus, when it
embarrassed! c
.................................. to rain. (wait, start)
2. I’m really .................................. about the
3. I .................................. about my English
basketball match tomorrow!
homework, when I .................................. an idea
3. A: You look really .................................., Ali. Have
for a story. (think, have)
you heard bad news?
4. I .................................. in bed, when I ..........................
B: Yes, my uncle is in hospital.
a noise downstairs. (lie, hear)
5. I .................................. dinner, when the phone
.................................. . (have, ring)
4
 5. We use to spend hours by the river,
4 Complete the postcard. Circle the swimming and fishing.
correct verbs.
.........................................................................................
Dear Abdullah
6. Our mothers used to get very angry with us
I (1) enjoy / am enjoying my
holiday in London. We (2) visit / are
because our clothes were always dirty!
visiting all the famous places. .........................................................................................
Yesterday we (3) went / were going to 7. We didn’t used to have a TV, so we listened
Covent Garden Market. Here, you always to the radio or read.
(4) see / are seeing lots of interesting
actors. One man (5) wore / was wearing .........................................................................................

silver clothes. He (6) stood / was standing

so still, I (7) thought / was thinking he was
a statue. I (8) walked / was walking away, Use used to / didn’t use to + infinitive to talk
when suddenly he (9) put / was putting his about states or repeated actions in the past.
hand on my shoulder. I (10) screamed / was I used to want to be a doctor, but now I want
screaming! Then I (11) saw / was seeing to be a teacher.
everyone laughing. I (12) felt / was feeling so We used to go on holiday every summer.
embarrassed! Use would + infinitive to talk about repeated
See you soon habits in the past (not states).
Hussein Every afternoon, my friends and I would talk
for hours on the phone.
5 Complete the text with used to / didn’t After dinner, Grandfather would sit and tell us
use to and one of these verbs. all stories from long ago.
not drive live play ride walk not watch

When my grandfather was a boy, he 7 Circle the correct verb. Sometimes both
(1) used to live in a village high up in the are correct.
mountains. They (2) ............................ TV. 1. I didn’t always use to / would live in Canada,
At night they (3) .......................... games or you know.
read. They (4) ............................ 2. I used to / would live in Syria when I was a
cars – they (5) ............................ child.
horses into town to do the 3. When I moved to Canada, I used to / would
shopping. My grandfather miss the sunny weather.
(6) ............................ a long way 4. It used to / would be very cold in the winter
to school every day. – it snowed nearly every day!
5. My sisters and I used to / would dress up
6 Decide if the sentences are correct or warmly and play in the snow.
incorrect. Then correct the wrong ones. 6. But I used to / would love the Canadian
1. I use to live on a farm in the countryside. ✗ summers.
I used to live 7. We used to / would live very near Lake Louise.
2. My best friend used to live on the farm 8. We used to / would go there every weekend
too. and swim, fish or sail.
......................................................................................... 8 OVER TO YOU Think about how
3. Our fathers use to work together. different life was for your grandparents.
......................................................................................... Write some sentences about it in your
4. We didn’t used to like working on the notebook.
farm.
.........................................................................................
5
 Skills development
Reading
1 Match the headlines with the stories.
a. Football ticket leads man to prison b. Postcard takes thirty years to arrive
c. Passengers asked to fix their own train

1. In 1976, a student in Poland wrote to his parents. The student was living and studying at a
university, a long way from where his parents were living. The postcard arrived – 30 years later!
The writer of the postcard is now married, with two children. While he was growing older – sailing
around the world on a boat, having a serious heart operation in hospital – the postcard was slowly
travelling around Poland.
The writer’s parents moved not long before the card arrived so the neighbours sent the card back to him.

3. A woman was walking

2. A train going from London front of the train, I saw a man to a stadium in Munich,
to Manchester suddenly standing with one foot on the Germany, to watch a
stopped. The passengers platform. He was stretching match during the last
were wondering why the train across the window, holding up World Cup Football
wasn’t moving. They were the broken windscreen wiper. tournament. She was
standing outside the
shocked when they heard the I was even more surprised
stadium, when a thief saw
train driver’s voice, ‘We’ve got when he told me he was a the ticket in her bag. He
a broken windscreen wiper. passenger, too!’ stole the ticket and went
Can anyone help to fix it?’ The men tried to repair the into the stadium instead
Four men got up and went to broken windscreen wiper, but of the woman. But he
help. in the end, they didn’t realise that he was
One of them gave up, and sitting next to the woman’s
said: ‘I couldn’t everyone got off husband! The woman’s
believe what the train, and took husband immediately
was happening. a different one to called a security guard
when he saw someone
When I got to the Manchester.
else sitting in his wife’s
place. Soon, the thief was
2 Match these words with their definitions. sitting somewhere else ….
in a police station.
1. operation a. competition
2. neighbours b. people living next door
3. windscreen wiper c. someone whose job is to protect a place or people
4. platform d. the mechanical part of a vehicle that wipes water from the window
5. security guard e. the part of a train station where people stand and wait for the train
6. tournament f. when a doctor or surgeon tries to repair a part of someone’s body

3 Read the stories and answer the questions.

1. Why did the student’s parents never read the postcard?
2. Why did the train stop while it was travelling to Manchester?
3. Why did the person sitting next to the thief call the police?
4 OVER TO YOU What do you think? Which story is the funniest?

6
Writing
Read the statement.
It’s better to watch news on TV than read newspapers.
Organise the following points into two lists – for and against the statement. Add any
more points you can think of to the table.
You can find out about the news more often, on TV.
You can read newspapers anywhere – on the bus or train, for example.
TV news is more interesting because you can listen to people speaking.
Reading is more relaxing than watching TV.
You can understand news better when you see it on TV.
There aren’t always pictures of things you are reading about in the newspaper.
Students don’t have enough time to read a newspaper every day.

For Against

When you are presenting different points of view (for or against a statement), use the
following expressions:
to explain your point: I think … / In my opinion …, because …
to give an example: For example, …
to give an opposite point of view: On the other hand, … / However, …

Complete the essay.

First of all, I think that it is important for students to know what’s
happening in the world. But there are lots of ways to find out about the
news. Newspapers are a good way to find out the latest news, because
(give some of the points for reading newspapers)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

However, there are many advantages of watching the news on TV, instead.
For example, (give some examples of points for news on TV)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Many people think that

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

On the other hand, (give some of the points against news on TV)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

As a conclusion, we can say that although newspapers are a useful way

to find out about the news, many people these days find TV easier, more
convenient and more interesting.
7
 Module 1 Stories

2
Language practice
Use was / wasn’t able to; were / weren’t able
Use could to describe general possibility or to or managed to when you want to say that
ability in the past. someone was or wasn’t in a position to do
I could answer all the questions in the test. something. After my father broke his leg, he
I couldn’t go to the concert, because I didn’t wasn’t able to drive for two months.
have a ticket. I managed to stay awake until midnight last
We do not usually use could for something night.
that happened on a particular occasion.
In this case, we use was / were able to or 2 Complete the story with the correct form
managed to. of was / wasn’t able to; were / weren’t
The horse was going too fast but in the end able to or managed to.
the rider was able to / managed to control it. One day, some people were discussing the
things they (1) ......................... do when they
were young, and the things they
1 Complete the text with could, couldn’t
(2) ........................ do now that they were old.
or manage(d) to.
One of them said, ‘When I was young,
One summer’s evening, the men in the I (3) ......................... do exactly the same things
garden of a coffee house were playing that I can do now.’
a game. Because it was dark, they had ‘What do you mean?’ the others asked.
candles on their tables, so that they ‘In my garden, there is a heavy stone,’ he
(1) ................................ see. They noticed a said. ‘I tried to lift it many times when I was
man looking anxiously for something on young, but I didn’t (4) ......................... move it.
the ground. ‘What’s wrong, my friend?’ And when I grew old, I still
someone asked him. ‘Didn’t you (5) ......................... lift it. Nothing has changed!’
(2) ................................ find what you had lost?’
‘No,’ said the man, sorrowfully. ‘I lost 3 OVER TO YOU Work in pairs. Use the
some money earlier this evening. I looked pictures and captions to make a story.
all over the garden, but I (3) ................................
find it.’
‘Where did you lose it?’
‘In the street next door.’
‘But it (4) ................................ still be there!
Why are you looking here, and not there?’
‘Because it was dark there. I (5) ......................
see anything. Here it is much lighter,’ the Susan went into the garden. / Suddenly the
foolish man replied. door banged shut. / Susan was outside,
her younger brother, Jack, was inside! /
Jack couldn’t reach the lock to open the
door. / He stood on a chair, but still didn’t
manage. / Luckily he managed to find the
key in his mother’s handbag. / He gave
Susan the key through the letter box. / She
was finally able to open the door.
8
Use have to to express strong obligation, when 5 Complete the advice with had better or
the obligation comes from someone else. ought to.
We have to wear a uniform to school.
Use must to express strong obligation, when
the obligation comes from you.
I must go home – my mother is waiting for I have to take a test soon. I haven’t had
much time to study – I’ve been so busy
me.
doing sports and other things. Now I’m
Use should to express mild obligation.
really nervous. How am I going to be ready
You should go and see him soon. for the test?

elf-assessment
4 Complete the text with should /
shouldn’t, must /mustn’t or have to /
don’t have to.
When you write a story, you (1) .........................
You (1) ......................... start studying
remember to use the correct punctuation.
immediately! You (2) ......................... be able to
Remember, in English, you (2) ........................
s
spend at least one hour studying every day,
start a sentence with a capital letter,
after your sports. You (3) ......................... work
and you (3) ......................... forget to put a out a timetable, so that you have time to do
punctuation mark at the end of it. To all the things you need to do.
make your writing more interesting, you You really (4) ......................... take your school
(4) ......................... try to use lots of descriptive work more seriously now.
words and phrases. You (5) .........................
write the story from your own personal
point of view, but it’s better to try to write 6 OVER TO YOU Work in pairs. Write
about something you know about. Before a short imaginary problem. Then give
you start, you (6) ......................... write a plan it to your partner. Your partner should
of what you are going to say. And when write some sentences giving advice. Use
you finish, you (7) ......................... always read should /shouldn’t, must /mustn’t,
your work through, checking carefully for have to /don’t have to, had better,
mistakes. ought to.

Use ought to to advise people (or yourself) to

do things. It has a similar meaning to should.
We ought to leave soon – it’s quite late.
Use had better to tell people what to do, or
give strong advice. It has a stronger meaning
than should or ought to.
You had better hurry up, or we’ll be late.

9
 Skills development
Reading
One day a traveller was walking along a road on a journey from one village to
another. He noticed a farmer working in a field beside the road. The traveller
stopped for a moment, greeted the farmer, and said, ‘I’ve just been to the village in
the mountains, and I am now on my way to the village in the valley. Have you been
there? Can you tell me what that village is like?’ ‘How did you find
the village in the mountains?’ asked the farmer. ‘It was terrible,’
replied the traveller. ‘I couldn’t wait to leave. The people were cold
and unwelcoming to me. I hope things will be different in the
next village.’ ‘I am sorry to tell you,’ said the farmer, ‘but I
think you will find things just the same there.’ At that, the
traveller sighed and walked on, looking unhappy. A while
later another traveller came down the same road. ‘Are you on your
way to the village in the valley?’ asked the farmer. ‘Yes!’ answered
the traveller. ‘I’ve just come from the village in the mountains.
Do you know what it’s like in the village in the valley?’ ‘Tell
me first – how did you find the village in
the mountains?’ asked the farmer. ‘It was
wonderful! I’m sorry I wasn’t able to stay
longer. The people made me feel so
welcome there. We had such a happy
time. So, what about the village in
the valley? How do you think I will
find it there?’ ‘I think you will find
things just the same there,’ replied
the farmer. The traveller smiled, and
continued his journey.

1 Read the story and choose the correct answers.

1. What is the moral (message) of the story?
a. A positive attitude leads to positive experiences.
b. You can’t always manage to find happiness.
c. Not everyone will be friendly to you.

2. Why did the farmer tell the first traveller that he would find the village in the valley
unfriendly, too?
a. Because he knew the traveller would complain about the people there.
b. Because the farmer didn’t like travellers.
c. Because the farmer didn’t want the traveller to go to the valley village.

3. Why did the second traveller want to stay longer in the mountain village?
a. Because he didn’t want to go to the valley.
b. Because he liked it there so much. Refer to
c. Because he was a kind person.
the Assessment tools on page 79
to assess your performance.
10
 2 Find words in the story that mean:
1. trip ....................... Look at the Help box. Then read Gary’s
2. plants grown for food ....................... story, and put the paragraphs in the
3. unfriendly, unsociable ....................... correct order. Number them 1–6.

Writing The worst day of my life!

And the very worst thing was, I spent
Write a story about a day in your life
that you will always remember.
my holiday indoors, instead of having
fun with my friends outside.
1 I’ll never forget the first day of my
• Choose the topic. Think about a day when
holiday last year. It was the worst
you felt: day, too!
happy / sad / embarrassed / excited / Next, I was lying on the ground in
nervous / angry pain. After that, I don’t remember
• Make notes about the information for your much about what happened. But I
story.
ended up in hospital somehow – with
The worst day in my life! a broken leg!
first day of my holiday – our team was
playing a big match – didn’t hear my First, I overslept. I didn’t hear my
alarm clock – missed the bus – ran to alarm clock, so I was late for the bus
the sports centre – tripped in the street and my football match.
– broke my leg – went to hospital – our
team lost – I spent my holiday indoors! But that wasn’t all. My team finally
• Write the title. played the match, without me – and
• Start: I’ll never forget … lost.
• Use connectors to link the events in your
story: Then I dressed quickly, and ran down
First, so, then, next, after that, finally the street to the sports centre. I was
• Finish with a sentence that sums up the running so fast, I tripped and fell.
day, or describes how the day ended, and
how you felt.
Now write your story.

11
Module 1: Progress test
Reading

4-I think
experience and
attitude are the
most important
things, as well as
the necessary skills,
1-First, I check 2-Every day is 3-It isn’t of course. You
different, that’s always easy to have to be able
my email and phone
what I love about give a fair view to write well and
messages. I’m
working for a of a complicated imaginatively. You
usually working on
newspaper. And topic, but you can’t have to be able to
a story for the next
although you get present your own decide what makes
day’s newspaper, so
paid, you are still point of view. And an interesting story,
I have to make sure
learning a lot all the another thing that what information
I meet the deadline
time, about so many can be difficult is to include or leave
for that. But when
different subjects. when you have too out. It’s not as easy
there is a big story,
I like finding out little information as it sounds! And
or something
things and telling about a story, or you shouldn’t get
unexpected
everyone about your information is upset when you
happens, like
them, through the confusing. And of are trying to collect
a flood, or an
newspaper, because course, the worst information. People
earthquake, I have
I think it’s important thing is when you aren’t always kind to
to be able to travel
that people know have to deal with reporters! But you
anywhere in the
what’s going on tragedies. That is a can’t give up when
world, at short
around them. really hard part of a things get difficult,
notice, to find out
reporter’s job. you have to get the
about it.
story. That’s what
it’s all about!

1 Read the interview and match the questions with each paragraph.
a. What suggestions do you have for people who want to become reporters?
b. What are the most difficult parts of being a reporter?
c. What is a typical day like on a newspaper?
d. What do you like best about your job?
2 Match the words and phrases with the definitions.
1. meet the deadline a. sad events
2. flood b. hand something in on time
3. at short notice c. stop
4. complicated d. not simple
5. tragedies e. when a place is covered by too much water
6. give up f. without warning, suddenly

12
Language practice
1 Complete the questions and answers. Use the present simple or present continuous.
1. A: What ....................... you usually ....................... when you get home from school? (do)
B: I usually ....................... something to eat. (have)
2. A: What university ....................... your brother ....................... at this year? (study)
B: He ....................... at Damascus University. (study)
3. A: What ....................... you ....................... to on the radio? It sounds interesting. (listen)
B: I ....................... to a programme about space travel. (listen)
4. A: What ....................... your father .......................? (do)
B: He ....................... a newspaper reporter. (be)
5. A: Hello, Ruba ! Who ....................... you ....................... for? (wait)
B: I ....................... for my friend. She ....................... late! (wait, be)
2 Complete the story. Use the past simple or past continuous.
The day I (1) ............................... (meet) my best friend
It (2) ............................... (be) the first day of my new secondary school. I (3) ............................... (walk)
to school on my own. I remember, I (4) ............................... (think) about the new teachers and
students I would meet when suddenly I (5) ............................... (see) someone across the road. She
(6) ............................... (wave) at me. I (7) ............................... (stop) to talk to her. She said, ‘I live in
your street. I (8) ............................... (talk) to your mother, and she told me you (9) ...............................
(start) at the school today. I (10) ............................... (come) to the school last year. Would you
like me to show you around?’ And we have been best friends since that day!
3 Complete the dialogue with used to / didn’t use to or would. Sometimes both are
possible.
Zeinab: Grandmother, you (1) ....................... live in this town when you were a child. What was it
like then? Have things changed much?
Grandmother: Yes, they have. We (2) ....................... have a cinema, or a sports centre, like we
do now. So in our free time, we (3) ....................... play imaginary games. Every day, for example,
we (4) ....................... dress up and pretend we were living long ago. That (5) ....................... be
our favourite game! And sometimes we (6) ....................... take a table outside, turn it upside
down and pretend it was a ship, sailing to another country! So although we didn’t have
entertainment, we (7) ....................... have a lot of fun anyway!

13
 4 Rewrite these sentences using should /shouldn’t, must /mustn’t or have to /don’t have
to.
It isn’t a good idea to do your homework in a hurry.
You shouldn’t do your homework in a hurry.
1. It’s a good idea to make a revision timetable.
You ....................... make a revision timetable.
2. Don’t be late, because the bus won’t wait for you!
You ....................... be late, because the bus won’t wait for you!
3. We are only allowed to wear black shoes to school.
We ....................... wear black shoes to school.
4. It’s important for me to remember my aunt’s birthday next week.
I ....................... remember my aunt’s birthday next week.
5. It isn’t necessary to bring your own lunch. You can have lunch in the school dining room, too.
You ....................... bring your own lunch.
5 Complete the sentences with had better or ought to.
1. Amer really ....................... be kinder to his younger brother.
2. You ....................... find your bus ticket. You won’t be able to travel without it.
3. Students ....................... always do their homework.
4. You ....................... try some of this food – it’s delicious.
5. Rashed ....................... do more regular exercise. It would keep him fit and healthy.
6 Make suggestions. Use had better or ought to and one of these verbs.
ask come get up go to bed help return

1. Your friend has borrowed a library book and hasn’t returned it.
You say: You .......................................... it. (had better)
2. Your friend is always tired in the morning.
You say: You .......................................... earlier. (ought to)
3. It’s time for school and your brother is still in bed.
You say: You .......................................... now! (had better)
4. Your sister doesn’t help in the house.
You say: You .......................................... more. (ought to)
5. You want to go out this evening.
Your parents say: You .......................................... home before it gets late. (had better)
6. You borrowed your sister’s new pen without asking her permission.
Your mother says: You .......................................... before you borrow something. (ought to)

14
Writing
Write an email to a friend. Tell your • when it happened
friend about something that happened • where it happened
to you, or someone in your family,
In the next paragraph, write:
recently.
• what happened next
In the first paragraph, write:
• who the story is about In the final paragraph, write:
• how the story ended

1. Look at the outcomes on page 11 of the Students’ Book.

How did you find: 4. Was the writing in this module
talking about the past? easy? difficult?
reading about newspapers? What did you do to plan your
writing a story? writing? How can you improve?
making suggestions? ...............................................................................
? g? sting?
easy? difficult? useful? not useful interestin not intere
5. Was the vocabulary in this module
easy? difficult?
Are there any words or sounds that
you have difficulty with?........................
...............................................................................
2. Was the reading in this module
6. Write your result from your Progress
easy? difficult?
interesting? not interesting? test ....................................................................
What was your favourite passage in What did you do well in?......................
this module?..................................... ...............................................................................

3. Was the listening in this module What do you need to revise?..............

easy? difficult? ...............................................................................

interesting? not interesting? 7. Was the grammar in this module

What was your favourite passage in easy? difficult?
this module?.....................................

15
 Module 2 Places around the world

3
Language practice 2 Write what these people said about
their holiday plans.
Huda: We always go to Egypt, because we
To report what someone said love diving, and the shopping is great!
• use say / said 1. ..................................................................................................
• change the verbs: ..................................................................................................
present simple ➞ past simple Rabab: My relatives from France are
Fatima: ‘I want to go skiing this winter.’ coming to visit us in July.
Fatima said (that) she wanted to go skiing 2. ..................................................................................................
that winter. ..................................................................................................

present continuous ➞ past continuous Ahmed: My class are going on a study tour
Ali: ‘We are having a picnic on Friday.’ of Britain, because we want to practise our
Ali said (that) they were having a picnic on English.
3. ..................................................................................................
Friday.
..................................................................................................
• change the pronouns: Ibrahim: My parents are taking us to India,
I ➞ he / she / it because they have got some business there.
we ➞ they 4. ..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
1 Read these people’s statements. Then Rakan: I’m flying to Kenya to see my
write what they said. grandparents, and we’re going to a game
1. park!
I live in Damascus with my 5. ..................................................................................................
family.
..................................................................................................

He said that .................................................................... 3 Look at the pictures and write the

.................................................................................................. weather words.
2. I come from Canada, but my 1. 2. 3. 4.
parents are Chinese.

She said that ..................................................................

................................................................................................. ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................

3. The geography exam is not 5. 6. 7. 8.

going to be difficult.

Our teacher said that ................................................

..................................................................................................
...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
4. I’m learning Spanish for my next
9. 10. 11.
trip to Spain. ...................... ...................... ......................

He said that .....................................................................

.................................................................................................
16 ...................... ...................... ......................
 I’m going to the I’m going too,
library after school. Ibrahim.
Use said or told to report what someone said
to someone else.
Samira: ‘Ali, I’m sorry about what happened.’
Samira told Ali that she was sorry about
what had happened.
Samira said to Ali that she was sorry about
what had happened.
5. Ibrahim said that .........................................................
4 Report the dialogues. the library after school.
You can borrow 6. Hamed told Ibrahim that .......................................
I really like your new it any time.
camera, Tareq! too.
I’m making your And I’m making
favourite cake, Muna! you a cup of tea,
Mum!

1. Alia told Tareq that ...................................................

new camera.
2. Tareq said that she ....................................................
7. Muna’s mother told her ..........................................
favourite cake.
Your story is very I love writing, 8. Muna said that ..............................................................
good, Majeda! Mrs Abla. a cup of tea.

5 Label the picture with these words.

mountain island dunes waterfall

ocean lake river hill field forest
5
1
6
4
7
3. Mrs Abla told ....................................... very good. 3
4. Majeda said that ..........................................................
writing.

8
9
10
2

17
 Skills development

Reading

1. .......... It lies in the centre of 5. .......... It is popular with hikers

Europe. It borders Germany to and people who like animals. There
the north, France to the west, are lots of animals and birds in the
Italy to the south and Austria and park, including ibex and birds of
Lichtenstein to the east. prey such as golden eagles.
2. .......... German, French, Italian and 6. .......... The
Romansch. country is rich in
3. .......... In the centre are the Alps, arts and culture.
and the Jura which is a smaller Some of the
mountain range in the northwest. most well-known
The snow-covered mountains offer cities and places
some of the best skiing in the world. to see include:
In summer, the number of lakes • Berne, the capital – for the
and rivers make watersports very Botanical Garden
popular. • Geneva, for Lake Geneva, with 21
4. .......... In Switzerland, you can have castles
many different types of weather • Zurich, for the Swiss National
at the same time. In one valley, it Museum, the old city and new
may be sunny, while in another, it city with coffee shops and
may be raining. The sky can turn restaurants.
from clear to cloudy in an hour.
The temperatures vary a lot too.
On mountain tops it may be cool
even in summer and there may even
be snow. But in low areas like the
Rhône valley, the weather is warm
and sunny in summer, and there are
even palm trees!

1 Match the headings with the paragraphs 1–6.

Cities 6 Geography Languages Location Weather Wildlife
2 Add sentences a–f to the beginning of each paragraph.
a. The weather is as changeable as the landscape.
b. Switzerland is famous for its magnificent mountains.
c. But there’s more to Switzerland than mountains!
d. Switzerland is a small country, with a population of about 7.5 million.
e. The Swiss National Park was one of the first national parks in Europe.
f. There are four official languages:
3 OVER TO YOU Has the fact file above made you interested in visiting Switzerland?
Why? Why not?
18
Writing
Write a fact file about a tourist site in Syria.

Which of the following information do you think tourists will want to know? Which
information is not relevant? Tick the relevant information.

opening times
location
facilities at the site
how to get a job at the tourist attraction
prices
how to get there
things to see
historical background
Now find this information in the fact file below. Number the information above 1–7.

The National Museum

Where: Damascus
Directions: Between the University of Damascus and the Tekkiye
Mosque, West Damascus
Background: The museum has been exhibiting since 1919; it includes wings
of artifacts covering the prehistoric age, ancient Syria, the
Classical age and the Islamic Age.
Highlights: The monumental twin-towered façade of Qasr al-Hair
al Gharbi, an Ummayyad palace dated to 727 AD, was
discovered in the Syrian desert in 1936. It has since been
removed from the desert and reconstructed around the
museum’s main entrance door.
Entrance fee: Free
Hours: Open daily, except Tuesday, from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Facilities: Five wings of artifacts: Prehistoric, Ancient, Classical and
Islamic.

Now write your fact file.

19
 Module 2 Places around the world

4
Language practice 2 Rewrite the sentences, using too / not
enough and the words in brackets.
1. I can’t drive a car yet. I’m too young. (old)
For countable nouns, use too many / too few I’m not old enough.
+ noun. 2. I don’t like this building. It’s not modern.
There are too many cars on the road. (old-fashioned)
Too few people use bicycles or walk. .................................................................................................
For uncountable nouns, use too much + noun. 3. I prefer to live in a big city. This town is too
There is too much pollution in cities these days. small. (big)
Use more or enough before the noun to
.................................................................................................
describe quantity or number.
We don’t need more roads. We’ve got 4. You can’t get around quickly in this city.
enough roads. The pavements are not wide enough.
(narrow)
Use too + adjective, or not + adjective +
enough to describe nouns. .................................................................................................

The pavements are too narrow. They aren’t 5. These buildings are too dark. (bright)
wide enough. .................................................................................................
6. You can’t see the view from here. The
1 Find the things in the word square, then building is too low. (high)
label the pictures. .................................................................................................
B R O L O R R Y O B
3 Complete the sentences with these
P E H E S T R U C K words and phrases.
S A D D L E C A T S enough too much too many too few
E V A N C R S S I G more
A M O T O R B I K E
C I P A V E M E N T 1. There are too many cars in the city. There
R O A D S I G N N O isn’t ................................... space for them all.
B I C Y C M O P E D 2. They can’t all park, because there are
................................... parking spaces available.
3. There is ................................... pollution in the
city. We need to find a solution to this
problem.
4. ................................... people drive cars. It’s bad
for the environment.
1. .................. 2. .................. 3. .................. 5. ................................... people should use bicycles.

4. .................. 5. .................. 6. ..................

20
 a. Use a plural noun without the, for talking There aren’t any restaurants in this part of
about things in general. the city.
b. Use the for regions or names of countries.
c. Use the the second time you mention Use all to include every example of the
something. subject.
d. Use a the first time you mention All the houses in this street were built more
something. than 300 years ago.
e. Use a for one of many possible examples.
Use many to talk about a large, but
4 Write the words for the places in a city unspecified number of things.

elf-assessment
where you can: Many people moved to the cities from the
countryside to work.
1. study for a degree: ..................
2. buy petrol: ..................
3. borrow books: .................. 7 Complete the postcard with a, the,
4. see important and valuable objects some, any, all or many.
from the past: .................. s
5. get money: .................. Hi, Jamal!
6. see a play: ..................
7. do sports:.................. I’m in Istanbul! I didn’t realise what a huge
8. be treated if you are ill: .................. place this is. Do you know how (1) .....................
5 Complete the text with a, the or people live in (2) ..................... city ? More than
nothing. 12 million! It’s noisy and busy, but very
I’m going to tell you exciting. Today we sailed across (3) .....................
about (1) .............. city Bosphorus to visit (4) ..................... islands,
called Hama, in
(2) .............. west of
the Princes Islands. They lie just outside
Syria. It is (3) .............. (5) ..................... city. It’s quiet and peaceful
city with lots of beautiful old houses. You there. There aren’t (6) ..................... cars –
can move around (4) .............. city on your (7) ..................... transport on
own two feet – or by (5) .............. car. (8) ..................... islands is provided by horses
6 Now match each gap 1 - 5 from and carts. But now we’re back, and on our way
exercise 5 with a use a–e in the Help to (9) ..................... restaurant for dinner.
box above.
1. e 4. ...... Rakan
2. ...... 5. ......
3. ......

8 OVER TO YOU Talk about the area

where you live. Are there any factories
Use some to talk about unspecified quantities or office blocks nearby? How many
(countable and uncountable nouns). mosques are there? Do you live
There are some very interesting places to near a shopping centre, hospital or
visit just outside the city. supermarket? Where is the nearest
Let’s go into the countryside for some fresh library or museum?
air.
Refer to
Use any to ask or talk about quantities. the Assessment tools on page 79
Have you got any ideas about things to do? to assess your performance.
21
 Skills development

Reading

Tokyo is one of the largest

cities in the world. It is a city of great
contrasts. Busy motorways and crowded
underground trains carry people to and
from huge office blocks and factories
every day. The streets are noisy and full
of people. But just around the corner,
you can find peaceful squares and quiet
places where life seems unhurried, and
unchanged for centuries. Tokyo really is
a combination of the old and the new,
the traditional and the modern.
Harajuku, for example, is an area famous for teenage culture – the streets are full
of fashion shops and fast food restaurants, and many of Tokyo’s most fashionable
young people come here to shop.
Asakusa, on the other hand, is a district that is still traditional in many ways. One of
the most beautiful temples, Sensoji, can be found here. It was built in the 7th century,
and is Japan’s oldest and most famous temple. To reach it, walk down the street called
Nakamise. This street still sells traditional silk dresses, Japanese fans and local snacks.
Tokyo’s newest area, built in 2003, is ‘a city inside a city’. It is called Roppongi Hills,
and consists of four blocks of flats built around the Mori Tower which is a 54-storey
skyscraper. Travelling around Tokyo is an experience that will take you from the past
into the future, from one century into the next – in a day!

1 Read the article and answer the questions.

1. What is Tokyo a combination of ?
2. What is the main activity in Harajuku?
3. What kind of building is Sensoji?
4. What two traditional Japanese souvenirs can you buy in Asakusa?
5. Why is Roppongi Hills called ‘a city inside a city’?
2 Find words in the article which mean:
1. opposites ......................................
2. slow ......................................
3. small meals ......................................
4. very tall ......................................
5. levels of a building ......................................
3 OVER TO YOU What do you think you would find interesting about Tokyo? Which
areas of Tokyo would you like to visit? Why?

22
Writing Now read this story. Match the
paragraphs with the questions above.
Write a story about a day out in a town
or city.

First, answer these questions and make

notes.
1. Which town or city did you go to? Who
did you go with? When did you go?
..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................
A We were studying the history of
2. Why did you visit it? Palmyra, and we were going to
...............................................................................................
draw pictures of the old Arches
in our notebooks.
.............................................................................................. B It was a fascinating and
3. How did you get there? interesting day out, and we
learned a lot about the history of
.............................................................................................. our country.
.............................................................................................. C About a month ago, our class
went on a school trip to see the
4. Who did you speak to / help / meet on the ancient ruins in Palmyra.
trip? How did this happen?
D As we were walking around,
.............................................................................................. admiring the ruins, we met
..............................................................................................
a group of tourists. They told
us they were on a study tour
5. What was your opinion of your day out, in of Syria and Lebanon. We told
general? them about the history of the
Temple of Bel and the Arab
..............................................................................................
castle, and they said that we
.............................................................................................. were very good guides!
E We set off for Palmyra in a bus.
It took us about two hours to
drive there. As we reached the
city, we saw the silhouette of
the Arab Castle on the hill above
the huge colonnades. It was
really magnificent.

Now write your story.

23
Module 2: Progress test

Reading

Did you know? The lowest lake – There are many long it is covered in ice,
World facts interestingly, not rivers in the world, not sand. Antarctica
called a lake at all, but the Nile River in is also the world’s
Most of us know that but a ‘sea’ - is the Egypt is the longest. highest, windiest and
the highest mountain Dead Sea. The surface It’s 6,671 km long. coldest continent.
in the world is Mount of the water is about And the highest
Everest, on the border In the other extreme,
400 m below sea waterfall is the Angel
between Nepal and the world’s hottest
level. The water in the Falls in Venezuela, at
China (8,850 m). But temperature ever
Dead Sea is also the 979 m.
something that most recorded was in 1922,
saltiest in the world.
of us don’t think Most people think in El Azizia, Libya
Hardly anything
about is the deepest that a desert is a hot, – the temperatures
can live in it, except
point on Earth! It is dry, sandy place, but reached a frightening
simple organisms like
called the Mariana in fact, any place 135°F / 57.8°C!
green algae.
Trench and it is in the that receives hardly
middle of the Pacific The deepest lake, any rainfall can be
Ocean, near Japan. however, is Lake called a desert. And
It reaches down to Baikal, in Russia. It is that makes Antarctica
about 10,911 m more than one and a the world’s largest
deep. half kilometres deep. desert – even though

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

1. What is the importance of the Mariana Trench?
2. Which measurement is bigger – the height of Mount Everest, or the depth of the Pacific Ocean?
3. Why can’t anything except simple organisms exist in the Dead Sea?
4. What are the following places famous for?
a. Lake Baikal
b. The Nile
c. The Angel Falls
5. What is surprising about the largest desert in the world?
6. What happened at El Azizia to make it a famous place?
2 Match the figures with the correct place.
1. 400 m a. Nile River
2. 979 m b. Lake Baikal
3. 8,850 m c. the Dead Sea
4. 1.5 km d. Angel Falls
5. 6,671 km e. the Mariana Trench
6. 10,911 m f. Mount Everest

24
Language practice
1 Write the following sentences in reported speech.
Issa: I’m going to Jordan for my holiday.
Issa said he was going to Jordan for his holiday.

Faisal: My parents like to go to Italy every year.

1. .......................................................................................................................................................
Nada: Lattakia is my favourite holiday destination.
2. .......................................................................................................................................................
Su’ad: Our class is going to do a project on the ancient city of Palmyra.
3. .......................................................................................................................................................
Yousuf: My parents are thinking of taking us to London in the summer.
4. .......................................................................................................................................................
Hisham: I want to visit Luxor on my next trip to Egypt.
5. .......................................................................................................................................................
2 Write the dialogue in reported speech.
Amal: My brother is going to university in Damascus soon.
Amal said her brother was going to university in Damascus soon.

Samia, to Amal: (1) My cousins live in Damascus! (2) They have a nice house with a beautiful
garden. (3) I’m going to visit them next week with my parents.
1. Samia told .........................................................................................................
2. She said ..............................................................................................................
3. She said ..............................................................................................................

Amal: (4) It sounds great, Samia. (5) Omar is very excited about moving to Damascus. (6) He’s
going to study Medicine. (7) He wants to be a general surgeon.
4. Amal told .........................................................................................................
5. She said .............................................................................................................
6. She said .............................................................................................................
7. She said .............................................................................................................

Samia: (8) Damascus is a good place to study medicine.

(9) One day, I’m going to study at the University of Damascus too!
8. Samia told .........................................................................................................
9. She said ...............................................................................................................

25
 3 Complete the sentences with a, the or nothing.
One of (1) ..................... best places for (2) ..................... tourists to visit in Syria is the Old City. It is
in (3) ..................... centre of Damascus. It includes (4) ..................... wonderful old covered market
called Souq al-Hamadiyyeh, and (5) ..................... world-famous Omayyad Mosque that dates
back to 705 AD. For many centuries, Damascus was the trade centre for the whole region, and
today it is (6) ..................... popular tourist destination and (7) ..................... favourite location for
foreigners wanting to learn Arabic.
It is (8) ..................... beautiful place to visit. (9) ..................... streets are full of (10) ..................... people
buying and selling. You can ask any of (11) ..................... locals questions - they are very helpful and
eager to show off (12) ..................... city. Enjoy your visit!

4 Complete the sentences with any, some, many or all.

1. Who ate ..................... the biscuits? The packet is empty!
2. The wonderful tourist sites in Syria is the reason why ..................... people come here.
3. I haven’t got ..................... news about my exam results yet.
4. There is still ..................... water left in the jug. Do you want ..................... more?
5. ..................... people in Switzerland can speak Romansh, but not many.
6. I often listen to music while I study, but not ..................... the time.
7. Hardly ..................... plants are able to survive in the icy Antarctic.
8. Not ..................... people know that Sir Edmund Hilary, who first climbed Mount Everest, was
born in New Zealand.
5 Complete the sentences with too much / too many / too few, (not) enough or more.
1. .....................rain will damage the crops.
2. I’m sorry, I can’t buy a ticket, because it costs ..................... and I haven’t got ..................... money.
3. Many people move to the city, because there are ..................... jobs for them in smaller towns.
4. There are already eight hotels in the town, and they are planning to build ..................... in future.
5. You can’t cycle on the pavements, because they are not wide ..................... for pedestrians as well
as bicycles.
6. In the future, ..................... cars will mean ..................... traffic jams, ..................... pollution – and in my
opinion, not ..................... is being done about the problem.
7. If ..................... people want to go on the morning course, we will have a second class in the
afternoon.
8. If you eat ..................... before you do exercise, you’ll feel ill.

26
Writing
Use the notes to write about New
Zealand. Organise your writing into
these paragraphs:
1. Size, population
2. Languages
New Zealand.
3. Geographical features
– 4 million people
4. Cities and sights – 600 km east of Australia,
two main islands – North
......................................................................................... Island and South Island
......................................................................................... – capital: Wellington
......................................................................................... – English and Maori
......................................................................................... – bigger than Japan, smaller
......................................................................................... than UK
......................................................................................... – Auckland: largest city,
......................................................................................... 1/3 of population of country
......................................................................................... – surfing beaches
......................................................................................... – Nelson – dunes, palm
......................................................................................... trees, three national parks
.........................................................................................

1. Look at the outcomes on page 25 of the Students’ Book.

How did you find: 4. Was the writing in this module
reporting what people said? easy? difficult?
discussing what people should do? What did you do to plan your
talking about quantity? writing? How can you improve?
discussing good and bad points? ...............................................................................
having a debate?
? g? sting?
5. Was the vocabulary in this module
easy? difficult? useful? not useful interestin not intere
easy? difficult?
Are there any words or sounds that
you have difficulty with?........................
...............................................................................

2. Was the reading in this module 6. Write your result from your Progress
test ....................................................................
easy? difficult?
interesting? not interesting? What did you do well in?......................
What was your favourite passage in ...............................................................................
this module?..................................... What do you need to revise?..............
3. Was the listening in this module ...............................................................................

easy? difficult? 7. Was the grammar in this module

interesting? not interesting? easy? difficult?
What was your favourite passage in
this module?.....................................

27
 Module 3 Health and medicine

5
Language practice 2. She / cut the onions
1 Complete the crossword with the past
participles of the verbs. ...............................................................................
1

2 3 4
3. He / receive the letter
5

6 ...............................................................................

7 8
4. He / eat his lunch

...............................................................................

5. She / win a prize

9
...............................................................................
Across Down
10 11 2. put 1. make
5. find 3. understand 6. They / sell their house
7. bring 4. build
12 ...............................................................................
9. lose 6. teach
10. dig 8. hurt
12. see 11. go 3 Read the situations and write what the
people haven’t done yet, have just done
or have already done.
Use the present perfect with just to say that
Abbas Fatima
something has been completed very recently.
I’ve just finished reading this book. 1. He’s still doing 4. She phoned
Use the present perfect with already to say that his Maths her friend five
something has been completed in the present homework. minutes ago.
or past. 2. He arrived home 5. She ate her lunch
I’ve already read this book. / I’ve read this ten minutes ago. two hours ago.
book already. 3. He finished 6. She’s waiting to
Use the present perfect with yet to say that his English check her email.
something hasn’t been completed by the time homework at
of speaking. school this
I haven’t read it yet (but I will read it soon). morning.
1. Abbas hasn’t finished his Maths
homework yet.
2 Write sentences with just or yet. Use 2. He ......................................................................................
the words beside the pictures.
3. He .....................................................................................
1. She / drink her tea
4. Fatima ............................................................................
She hasn’t drunk her tea yet.
5. She ....................................................................................
6. She ....................................................................................
28
 4 Label the picture. Use these words.
head leg teeth stomach throat ear Use the present perfect to talk about events
shoulder arm elbow wrist foot in the recent past, when no specific time is
3 1 mentioned.
8 I’ve cut my finger!
2 Have you been to the dentist during the last
6 six months?
4
Use the past simple when a specific time in
the past is mentioned.
5 I broke my leg two years ago.
I went to the dentist last week.
7
9 6 Complete the dialogue. Use the present
perfect and the past simple.
Omar: (1) ................................... (you ever be) to
hospital, Hani?
Hani: Yes, I (2) ................................... (be) in hospital
about five weeks ago.
10 Omar: What (3) ................................... (happen) to
you?
Hani: I (4) ................................... (be) on my way to
school one day, when I (5) ...................................
(slip) and (6) ................................... (fall) off the
11
school bus! I (7) ................................... (break)
5 Complete the sentences with these my wrist. I (8) ................................... (only just
elf-assessment

words. start) writing properly again! (9) ......................

earache headaches sore throat sprained (you ever hurt) yourself badly?
stomachache temperature toothache Omar: No, I (10) ................................... (not have),
1. I feel terrible. I’m coughing, and I’ve got a luckily. I (11) ................................... (sprain) my
.............................. too. It hurts when I speak.
ankle once, in a basketball match, but
s

2. I ate too much. I’ve got a .............................. now. nothing more serious than that.
3. I was playing tennis when I fell and 7 OVER TO YOU What should people do
.............................. my ankle. So I can’t play for a
in these situations? Write some advice.
few days.
4. I feel very hot. I’m sure I’ve got a high
...............................
I’ve got a bad headache!
5. I’ve got water in my ears after swimming,
and it’s giving me terrible ...............................
6. I must go to the dentist. I’ve got I feel tired all the time.
...............................
7. My head hurts. I often get .............................. like
this when I haven’t slept well. I don’t want to catch a cold
before my school trip.

29
 Skills development

Reading
Brian is a nurse anaesthetist. He did this specialised course after he qualified as a
nurse. First, he had to get several years’ experience working in a critical care unit, such
as an emergency department or heart care department.
But what does a nurse anaesthetist do? ‘Basically, we assist the anaesthetist. A very
important first part of the job is getting everything ready, long before the patient
comes in for the operation. We have to prepare all the things we are going to need –
needles, syringes and supplies for breathing. I even bring a CD player! I play music to
help the patient relax.’
‘I give the patient a drug to make them fall asleep before we start operating, and it
works after about half a minute. They won’t feel anything or know anything from
this moment on, until they wake up after the operation. In order to keep the patient
breathing during the operation, we put a tube in their lungs, and a machine does the
breathing for them.’
‘While the surgeon is operating, we keep a constant check on the patient’s heart rate,
blood pressure and breathing. And our role doesn’t end after the operation. We have
to wake the patient up, and make sure we give the right painkillers and care in the
ward, while they are recovering. So really, we are there at the beginning and at the end
of their hospital treatment.’
1 Read the article. Write Brian’s different duties in the correct place in the table.
check heart rate
prepare everything they need
wake patient up
give drugs to make the patient fall asleep
give painkillers
play music
put a tube in the lungs

Before the operation During the operation After the operation

2 Write the names of these people from the text.

1. the person who carries out an operation ....................................................................................
2. the person who helps a doctor in the hospital ............................................................................
3. the person who puts people to sleep before an operation ...........................................................
4. the person who has an operation in hospital .............................................................................

30
Writing
Read this problem and give advice.
I want to be fitter and healthier. What should I do?
Use these notes
Food
avoid sweets and too much sugar
don’t eat too late at night
eat healthy snacks like fruit or nuts

Exercise
do regular exercise – at least 30 minutes – three times a week
do exercise that makes your heart rate faster – as well as stretching exercises like yoga
warm up before exercise – relax after exercise

Sleep
get enough sleep at night

Don’t forget to use:

First of all … Also … In addition…
You should … It’s a good idea to…
Another thing you could do is …
What about …? Why don’t you try …?

Write your advice.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Refer to
the Assessment tools on page 79
to assess your performance.
31
 Module 3 Health and medicine

6
Language practice 5. The lesson ended. I spoke to the teacher.
After the lesson ..............................................................
..................................................................................................

Use the past simple to describe something 6. Their car broke down on the way. They
that happened in the past. were late.
Use the past perfect to describe something They were late, because ..........................................
that happened before that time. ..................................................................................................
I had already cooked the dinner by the time
my mother came home. 3 Complete the text with the past simple
When we arrived at the theatre, the concert or past perfect.
had already started. When Mark (1) had finished (finish) his
university studies, he (2) …......…….........….. (go)
to work in Uganda. A few months earlier,
1 Make sentences. Use the words in
he (3) …......…….........….. (read) about a project
elf-assessment

brackets.
there: a charity (4) …......…….........….. (start)
1. A tourist stopped to ask me for directions. building schools in villages and they
He …............……….. (lose) his map. (5) …......…….........….. (need) more volunteers.
2. Hussein had a stomachache. He When Mark (6) …......…….........….. (arrive) in
…............……….. (eat) too many sweets.
Uganda, he was surprised to see how
3. They weren’t home when I rang them. They
s

much the charity (7) …......…….........….. (already

…............……….. (already go) out.
do). They (8) …......…….........….. (clear) trees to
4. Our team lost the match. We …............……….. make space for the school. They
(not practise) enough. (9) …......…….........….. (dig) a well to create
5. When we went to the restaurant, we a water supply for the school, and they
realised that it …............……….. (close) down. (10) …......…….........….. (employ) a teacher. The
2 Join the sentences. Use the past perfect. children were so excited about their new
building. They (11) …......…….........….. (never
1. Carol learnt to speak three languages. She
study) in a classroom before, only outside.
went to school.
A few months earlier, they
Before she went to school, Carol had
(12) …......…….........….. (write) letters to schools
learnt to speak three languages.
in other parts of the world, and people
2. She got married. She was 21. (13) …......…….........….. (send) them books and
By the time she was 21, ............................................ classroom equipment.
.................................................................................................. Mark (14) …......…….........….. (plan) to stay for
3. My friends left. I arrived at the restaurant. a year, but after the year (15) …......…….........…..
When I arrived at the restaurant, ...................... (end), he decided to stay longer. He said
..................................................................................................
he (16) …......…….........….. (never feel) so useful
and so satisfied with a job before.
4. He grew a moustache. He looked so
different.
He looked so different, because ........................
..................................................................................................

32
 6 Join the sentences. Use who or which.
Use which / that, who or where to say exactly
1. I spent a weekend by the sea. It was
what or who you are talking about:
wonderful.
The man (who / that) I was talking to, is my
I spent a weekend by the sea, which
uncle.
was wonderful.
Tourists who come to Jordan usually go to Petra.
2. The earth is getting hotter. It is causing the
To give extra information about something ice caps to melt.
or someone, use which for things, who for .......................................................................................
people. Separate the extra information from 3. Some children in Africa live very far from a
the rest of the sentence by commas. school. They have to walk a long way every
My uncle, who works in a hotel, is coming to day.
visit us soon. .......................................................................................
Tourists in Syria usually go to Damascus which 4. The water is used for washing and cooking,
is the capital city. as well as drinking. It comes from a well.
• You cannot use that in extra information .......................................................................................
sentences. 5. People are travelling by plane more
• You cannot leave out who or which. frequently. It is causing a lot of damage to
the environment.
4 Write these figures in words. .......................................................................................
6. The new town hall has been built in three
1. 12,000,000 ......................................................................
months. It is opening tomorrow.
2. 120,000 .............................................................................
.......................................................................................
3. 75% .......................................................................................
4. 45 – 50 ............................................................................... 7 Rewrite the sentences, adding the
5. 68.5 ...................................................................................... appropriate extra information.
6. 191 .......................................................................................
which is clean which is bad news for farmers
who were born in Lebanon
5 Complete the sentences with who or who won a scholarship which arrived today
which.
1. Mrs Hayek, …......……….. is a teacher at my
school, is leaving soon.
2. The charity, …......……….. is based in France,
has several projects in Africa too.
3. My cousins, …......……….. live in Denmark,
email us often.
1. My grandparents came to Syria in 1980.
4. I met Tareq, …......……….. said he was on his
My grandparents, who were born in
way to an interview.
Lebanon, came to Syria in 1980.
5. Thank you for taking me to the exhibition,
…......……….. I enjoyed a lot. 2. Thank you for your birthday card.
6. She told me she had passed her test, ........................................................................................
…......……….. was really good news.
3. Drinking water comes from the new well.
7. It began to rain suddenly, …......……….. nobody
had expected. ........................................................................................
8. Mr Hamad, …......……….. is here on business, 4. There hasn’t been much rain.
came for dinner last night.
9. Has anyone seen my bag, …......……….. I left ........................................................................................

here a few minutes ago? 5. Ali is studying maths in Paris.

........................................................................................
33
 Skills development

Reading

Amazing body facts If all the blood ninety-two per gallons of water.
vessels in your cent water, and You blink your eyes
Did you know?
body were put end your brain is 75% over ten million
Your heart beats to end, they would water. times a year.
more than one reach about sixty The human head Your forearm (from
hundred thousand thousand miles. contains 22 inside of elbow to
times a day – or
Your lungs are made bones. inside of wrist) is
around three
up of about three While babies are the same length as
billion times
hundred million born with over your foot.
during an average
tiny air sacs. If 300 bones, adults Fingernails grow
lifetime.
they were laid flat, only have two four times faster
For humans, the they would cover hundred and six; than toenails.
normal pulse is an area about the many bones join It takes more
70 heartbeats per size of a tennis together as people muscles to frown
minute. Elephants court. grow up. than it does to
have a slower
Around two-thirds By the time you are smile.
pulse of twenty-
of a person’s 70, you will have
seven and for
body weight is easily drunk over
a canary it is a
water. Blood is twelve thousand
thousand!

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

1. Whose heart beats faster – an animal’s or a bird’s?
2. ‘Humans consist mostly of water.’ Why is this statement true?
3. Why do adults have fewer bones than babies?
4. How can you find out the size of your foot, without measuring it?
5. What is more relaxing for the body – smiling or frowning? Why?
2 Write the underlined numbers in the text in figures.
1. …..................………..…..................……….. 6. …..................………..…..................………..
2. …..................………..…..................……….. 7. …..................………..…..................………..
3. …..................………..…..................……….. 8. …..................………..…..................………..
4. …..................………..…..................……….. 9. …..................………..…..................………..
5. …..................………..…..................……….. 10. …..................………..…..................………..

3 Find these words in the text.

1. the red liquid that travels around the body …..................………..
2. the organs used for breathing …..................………..
3. the joint in the middle of the arm …..................………..
4. the number of heartbeats in a minute …..................………..
5. the many hard pieces of material that make up your skeleton …..................………..
34
Writing
Write a health diary for a week.
Organise the following into the three topic areas in the table.

breakfast go to bed early

dinner walk to school
do P.E. at school play basketball
do yoga stretch
drink coffee relax muscles
drink water snacks
go running play tennis
go swimming vitamins
lunch

Exercise Food General well-being

Now write your diary. Use the headings and the topics to help you. Add any other
things you do under the correct headings.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

35
Module 3: Progress test

Reading

How to avoid sports injuries

We all know how important it is to warmer to reduce the chances of getting injured
exercise regularly. But many of us during sport.
don’t realise that exercise or sport
can be dangerous – unless you know C.
the rules. Here are five ways to A lot of unnecessary injuries can be avoided if
avoid being injured during sport or players know and respect the rules of the game. For
exercise. example, in hockey, you can’t raise your stick above
A.
your shoulder. These rules were made to help keep
Different sports need different protective equipment. injuries and accidents to a minimum.
Many sports insist that participants should wear D.
helmets – horse-riding, baseball and skateboarding Many of the rules of a game were created to keep
are just a few examples. Your helmet has to be others safe. Good communication with others
the right type and size for the sport. Some sports means a safer, more enjoyable sport. In swimming,
require protection for the head (boxing) and eyes for example, swimmers move in the same direction
(swimming). But the correct shoes are essential for to avoid coming into contact with each other.
all sports and types of exercise.
E.
B. Sometimes accidents will happen, and if you have
An essential part of any exercise is getting your been injured, you need to recover fully before doing
body prepared for action. Starting physical exercise the sport again. An injury can become more serious
without stretching your muscles first can be if you continue to exercise and don’t take enough
dangerous. You need to get your body temperature rest first.

1 Read the article. Match the headings with the paragraphs.

1. Remember, there are others around you! …...............
2. Rest your injuries …...............
3. Keep to the rules …...............
4. Warm up before you start …...............
5. Wear the right clothing …...............
2 Find words in the article that mean:
1. people who take part in something …..........................
2. very important; you can’t do without it …..........................
3. obey, treat seriously …..........................
4. lift up …..........................
5. get better …..........................

36
Language practice
1 Rewrite the sentences, using the word in brackets and the present perfect.
I read that book last week. (already)
I have already read that book.

1. I bought these shoes recently. (just)

…..........................................................................................................
2. I didn’t ride my new bike (but I will ride it soon). (yet)
…..........................................................................................................
3. Did you tidy your room, as I asked you to? (yet)
…..........................................................................................................
4. Come in! I made tea a few minutes before you came. (just)
…..........................................................................................................
5. I packed my suitcase for the trip. (already)
…..........................................................................................................

2 Write sentences. Use the past simple and the past perfect.
Before the match / start / team / already / warm up.
Before the match started, the team had already warmed up.

1. Ahmed / be excited / because / he / never be / to Homs before.

…..........................................................................................................
2. The train / already leave / by the time / we get / to the station.
…..........................................................................................................
3. They / never learn English / until / they come / to this school.
…..........................................................................................................
4. I / leave a message/ because / she / go out.
…..........................................................................................................
5. I / know the answers to the test / because / I study / the night before.
…..........................................................................................................

3 Join the sentences. Use the words in brackets.

She finished her essay. Then she helped her mother. (as soon as)
As soon as she had finished her essay, she helped her mother.

1. Ahmed ate his supper. He wasn’t hungry. (although)

…..........................................................................................................
2. I got to school. I realised I left my book at home. (when)
…..........................................................................................................
3. I read the book. Then I saw the film. (before)
…..........................................................................................................
4. The child hurt his leg. He was crying. (because)
…..........................................................................................................
5. We managed to put the fire out. The firemen came. (by the time)
…..........................................................................................................

37
 4 Complete the text with the past simple or past perfect of the verbs in brackets.
A few weeks ago, a woman (1) …............................. (buy) some bananas. But later that day, when
she (2) …............................. (put) her hand into the bag to eat one, a spider suddenly
(3) ….............. (bite) her. By the time she (4) …............................. (get) to hospital, she (5) …........................
(become) very ill. Luckily, she (6) …............................. (take) a photo of the spider on her mobile
phone. The doctors (7) …............................. (send) the photo to an expert. After he (8) …........................
(identify) it, they could choose the correct medicine for the woman. She (9) ….............................
(recover). Apparently, the spider (10) …............................. (hide) in the bananas as they made their
way across the seas.
5 Complete the sentences with who or which.
1. Titanic, …............................. was made a few years ago, is one of my favourite films.
2. Dina, …............................. is a very good cook, made me a delicious cake.
3. The Great Wall of China, …............................. is 3,460 km long, is the longest wall in the world.
4. I went to the dentist, …............................. told me I should eat less sugar.
5. The new restaurant, …............................. was once a cinema, is very popular.
6. I’m afraid Dr Tareq, …............................. examined you last time, isn’t here today.
6 Rewrite the sentences. Add the extra information in brackets.
We often go for picnics in the hills. (The hills are only a few kilometres away.)
We often go for picnics in the hills, which are only a few kilometres away.

1. Next summer I am going to visit my aunt. (She lives in Bahrain.)

…..............................................................................................................................................

2. My neighbour gave me a lovely painting. (She is an artist.)

…..............................................................................................................................................

3. I did very well this term. (It made my parents proud.)

…..............................................................................................................................................

4. They invited me for dinner. (It was very kind of them.)

…..............................................................................................................................................

5. Mr Quassimi has been a teacher all his life. (He teaches History.)
…..............................................................................................................................................

38
Writing
Write some sentences giving advice.

I have just started a new

school, and I would like
quickly. What advice ca to make friends
n you give me?

I would like to take up

a new sport.
I enjoy ball games, an
d playing in
a team. Which sports
would you
recommend? Have yo
u got any advice
about the sport to giv
e me?

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

1. Look at the outcomes on page 39 of the Students’ Book.

How did you find: 4. Was the writing in this module
describing recent events? easy? difficult?
describing illnesses? What did you do to plan your
writing a health diary? writing? How can you improve?
giving explanations? ...............................................................................
? g? sting?
easy? difficult? useful? not useful interestin not intere
5. Was the vocabulary in this module
easy? difficult?
Are there any words or sounds that
you have difficulty with?........................
...............................................................................
2. Was the reading in this module
6. Write your result from your Progress
easy? difficult?
test ....................................................................
interesting? not interesting?
What was your favourite passage in What did you do well in?......................
this module?..................................... ...............................................................................

3. Was the listening in this module What do you need to revise?..............

...............................................................................
easy? difficult?
interesting? not interesting? 7. Was the grammar in this module
What was your favourite passage in easy? difficult?
this module?.....................................

39
 Module 4 Critical thinking

7
Language practice for you?
…...........................................................................
3. Grandmother needs someone to do the
shopping for her.
…....................................................... shopping for her.
Use will to predict the future.
4. I’d love to learn to speak German.
The weather will get hotter – it won’t get I speak German. …......................................................?
colder.
Use will for actions that we decide now, at the
moment of speaking. Use if + present simple + will /won’t for things
I’ll make some tea. that will possibly happen.
Use going to for actions that we have decided If the tickets are too expensive, we won’t be
before we speak. able to go.
I’m not going to watch TV tonight. I’m going to If we have time, we’ll go and see the counsellor.
read a book. We can put the ‘if part’ or the ‘will part’ of the
For suggestions and offers, use Shall I / we …? sentence first.
or I’ll … If he doesn’t feel well, he won’t go to school.
Shall I give you a lift to the station? He won’t go to school if he doesn’t feel well.
We usually put a comma after the ‘if part’ of
1 Cross out three items that are NOT the sentence.
useful on a camping trip in the desert.
a first-aid kit, a signal mirror, a fishing line 4 Imagine you are going to a language
and hooks, oars, signal flares, sea-sickness school in London. Write questions and
tablets, an emergency blanket, a whistle answers. What will happen if …?
2 Write P for a prediction or D for a 1. you go to London without your friends?
decision. Complete the sentences with Q: What will happen if you go to London
the correct form of will or going to. without your friends?
1. I’m sure it won’t (not) rain. The sky looks A: (not know anyone) If I go to London on
clearer now. P my own, I won’t know anyone.
2. Amal is very good at Science. I think she 2. you don’t know anyone in London?
…............................. be a famous doctor one
Q: …..............................................................................................
day. ____ A: (have to speak English)
…...............................................................................................
3. What …............................. (you) do when you
finish school? ____ 3. you speak only English for a week?
4. I’ve decided – I …............................. study French Q: …...............................................................................................
next year, as well as Biology. ____ A: (improve a lot)
…...............................................................................................
5. If we don’t hurry up, we ….............................
(not) get to school on time. ____ 4. your English gets much better?
Q: …...............................................................................................
3 Offer to help in these situations. A: (do well at school)
1. I need help with my homework. …...............................................................................................
Shall I help you? / I’ll help you. 5. you do well in your exam?
2. I would like to close the window, but it’s Q: …...............................................................................................
too high for me. A: (go to university)
40 …...............................................................................................
 6. I’ll phone you. I get to the station at
4 o’clock. (when)
Join sentences with these words or phrases. …..............................................................................................

when = at the time something else happens

7 Match the sentences with the pictures.
Can you call me when dinner is ready?
as soon as = immediately How does a snake lose its skin?
As soon as I saw the advertisement, I phoned b.
to book some tickets. a.
until = up to a point in time c.
They played football in the park until it got dark.
before = at an earlier time d. e.
It’s best to get there at 8 am, before the crowds
of tourists arrive.
after = at a later time
After I had seen the film, I read the book. 1. The snake comes out of the egg. It loses
the outer layer of its skin.
elf-assessment This process will happen many times right
5 Circle the correct word.
up to the time the snake dies. Picture ............
I didn’t know a crab could 2. The snake grows, but the outer layer of
climb a tree, (1) as soon as / skin doesn’t grow. Picture ............
after / until I read it in a book. 3. The skin gets tight. The snake rubs against
It’s amazing! This kind of a tree. Picture ............
crab is called a Coconut Crab. (2) Before /
s

4. The skin begins to get loose. The snake

When / Until it gets hungry, it climbs up a slides out of it. Picture ............
palm tree. (3) Before / Until / After it gets a 5. The snake loses the old skin. First, it grows
coconut, it cracks it open with its claws. It a new skin underneath. The old skin has
doesn’t wait (4) until / as soon as / before it dropped off. The snake has a shiny new
gets back down on to the beach (5) as soon skin. Picture ............
as / after / before eating the coconut. It
starts eating (6) before / until / as soon as it 8 Now rewrite the sentences. Use the
picks the coconut! words given.
1. As soon as ….....................................................................
6 Rewrite the sentence pairs as one …............................................. outer layer of its skin.
sentence. Use the words in brackets.
This will happen …........................................................
1. I’ll stay indoors. It hasn’t stopped raining. until …....................................................................... dies.
(until)
2. When …................................................................................
I’ll stay indoors until it stops raining. .................................................................. doesn’t grow.
2. Promise you’ll phone me and tell me. You
3. When …................................................................................
get your results later. (as soon as)
................................................................. against a tree.
…..............................................................................................
4. As soon as …....................................................................
3. I’ll come out with you. I finish work at
............................................................................ out of it.
5 o’clock. (after)
5. Before …............................................................................
…..............................................................................................
........................................... a new skin underneath.
4. You can wait here. It’s not time for you to
go home. (until) After …...............................................................................
.......................................................... a shiny new skin.
…..............................................................................................
5. I’d never seen her. I met her at the
conference. (before)
….............................................................................................. 41
 Skills development

Reading
More questions you’ve always wanted to ask – answers you’ve always wanted to know!

Can water go bad?

As you know, water can be stored in wells until you need it. But will it still be fresh
when you want it? Water can go bad. If you store it in an open container, insects
and other tiny organisms will make their homes in the water. You won’t want to
drink that water. It can also go bad in a closed container, unless chemicals have
been added before it goes into the container. If you add chlorine or iodine, it will
stop bacteria from forming.
Can lightning strike you when you are indoors?
Yes, it can, and every year, over 1,000 people will get hit by lightning this way.
When lightning strikes a phone line, it travels down the phone line, and if you are
holding the phone at that time, it will reach you. So if there is a lightning storm,
you should not use the phone. You should not be in the bath or shower, either,
because lightning can strike metal pipes and cause an electric shock. It’s best to
stay away from computers too – anything that can carry an electrical charge from
the lightning to your body.
What will happen if all the icebergs melt?
We all know that the Earth is getting warmer. This will cause the icebergs to crack
and pieces will break off. And when that happens, the water level will rise.
Scientists have predicted a sea level change by the year 2100. They estimate that
the sea will rise 50 centimetres, on average, by that time. The rise will come from
warmer sea temperatures, and from melting ice. This rise in sea level will have a
dramatic effect on coastal cities and towns all over the world.

1 Read the text and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. If you store water in a closed container, it will not go bad.
2. Chemicals can be added to water to stop bacteria from forming.
3. It isn’t dangerous to use the phone during a lightning storm.
4. If you want to have a bath, it’s better to wait until the storm is over.
5. Any electrical object can increase the danger of injuries by lightning.
6. If we don’t try to stop the Earth from getting warmer, sea levels will rise in future.
7. Rising sea levels won’t be a problem.
2 Match the beginnings and the ends of the following sentences.
1. It’s possible to store water a. in their homes every year.
2. Many people are struck by lightning b. if the sea continues to
become warmer.
3. Avoid having a bath during a lightning storm c. if you live by the coast.
4. Pieces of ice will break off the icebergs d. because you can get an electric
shock from the metal pipes.
5. Your home might be damaged by flooding in the future e. until you need to use it.
42
Writing
Write instructions. Use the pictures to help you.

How do you make tea?

2. 3.

1.

4.

5.

6.

Use these words: first, then, next, after that,

finally.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

43
 Module 4 Critical thinking

8
Language practice games, you (4) .....................................
(be able to) go to the zoo!
Yousef: I know, you’re right. If my brother
(5) ..................................... (lend) me his games,
Use if + past simple + would / wouldn’t for
I (6) ..................................... (not have to) buy
imaginary situations.
them myself!
If you told me a secret, I wouldn’t tell anyone.
Yaser: If you (7) ..................................... (offer) to
If I wanted to get fit, I would do regular
lend him some of your games, maybe he
exercise. (8) ..................................... (feel) bad about his
We can put the ‘if part’ or the ‘would part’ of selfishness.
the sentence first. Yousef: Mmm, if you (9) .............................. (know)
If I got some money for my birthday, I would my brother better, you (10) ..................................
save up for a new CD player. (not say) that!
I would save up for a new CD player if I got
some money for my birthday. 3 How would things be different? Read
We usually put a comma after the ‘if part’ of each situation and complete the
the sentence. sentences.
1. I’m not going to watch the football match
1 Write sentences with these words. tonight. It ends so late.
1. If / she / want / me / to help / her, she / If the football match didn’t end so late, I
ask / me. would go and watch it tonight.
If she wanted me to help her, she 2. We don’t speak English outside the
would ask me. classroom, so we don’t improve.
2. I / do / it / if / you / ask me. We ............................................. if ......................................
….............................................................................................. outside the classroom.
3. If / I / break / my mother’s vase / she / be / 3. The weather is bad, so we are not going to
very angry. the beach.
….............................................................................................. If the weather .............................................,
4. You / not be / so tired / if / you / go to ............................................. to the beach.
bed / earlier. 4. I can’t help you. I’m not good at maths.
….............................................................................................. If I ............................................. good at maths, ........
5. If / I / leave / my homework / at home / I / ..................................... .
get into trouble. 5. I don’t understand this book. The
….............................................................................................. language is so difficult.
I ............................................. this book
2 Write the correct form of the verbs in ............................................. so difficult.
brackets.
Yaser: Do you want to come to the zoo with me 4 OVER TO YOU Write sentences.
tomorrow, Yousef ? What would you do if …
Yousef: I (1) ..................................... (go) if I • you found someone’s keys in the street?
(2) ..................................... (have) some money. • you forgot your mother’s birthday?
Yaser: Well, if you (3) ..................................... • you lost your new bicycle?
(not spend) a lot of money on computer • you borrowed a friend’s book, then lost it?
44
 You shouldn’t wait for the bus alone.
5 Complete the dialogue. Use these

elf-assessment
words or phrases. 3.
…..............................................................................................
a club a hobby friends in touch pieces 4.
sad something new sorry careful Take some money with you.
to people
1. …..............................................................................................

s
A: I feel (a) ..................................... that you’re leaving 5.
the school, Majeda. Find out what time the last bus leaves.
B: So do I. We must promise to keep
(b) ...................................... …..............................................................................................

2.
A: I’m bored, Mum!
B: If I were you, I’d take up (c) ......................................
7 OVER TO YOU Are you a good friend?
Try the quiz!
Join (d) ..................................... or something – it’s a
good way to make new (e) ..................................... and Circle the best answer.
talk (f) ...................................... If you started 1. Your best friend has got a new shirt. You
(g) ....................................., it would stop you from don’t think it suits her. If she asked you
being bored. what you thought, you would …
3. a) tell the truth.
A: Mrs Hakim, I want to say b) pretend you didn’t hear the question.
(h) ........................ about what c) tell her to ask someone else.
happened to your vase. I was 2. If you walked past some people at school,
carrying it to the shelf, when who were saying bad things about a friend
I dropped it and it broke into of yours, you would
two (i) ...................................... I promise I’ll try and a) stop them and tell them they were
mend it with glue. wrong.
B: It’s all right. Just be (j) ..................................... next b) carry on walking, and pretend you
time. didn’t hear.
c) tell your friend what you had heard.
3. If your best friend was angry with you, you
Use If I were … to imagine what you would do would …
if you were in someone else’s place, or if your a) ask what was wrong.
situation was different. b) ignore the problem.
If I were you, I’d apologise to the teacher for c) get angry, too.
being so impolite.
If I were rich, I would buy my parents a new Score:
car. Mostly a: I’d be pleased to have a friend
like you.
6 Rewrite Naser’s mother’s warnings. Use Mostly b: If I were you, I’d try to be a
If I were you, … better friend.
1. Don’t come home too late. Mostly c: If I were you, I’d be grateful I had
any friends at all! You should treat your
friends with more respect.
If I were you, I wouldn’t come home
too late.
2. You should take a coat.

…..............................................................................................
45
 Skills development
Reading
Why can’t I remember?! you’ll immediately think of a Uranus and Neptune). You
microphone, and you won’t take the first letter of each

W e all forget things –

and it’s true that as
we grow older, it becomes
need to be embarrassed by
forgetting his name.
planet’s name – m, v, e, m,
j, s, u and n – to make up a
sentence, for example: ‘My
harder to remember things Acronyms are a good very elegant mother just
as quickly as we used to. But way to memorise lists, or served us noodles.’
just like any other part of any sequence of items. An
acronym is a word or phrase Chunking This is
the body, the brain, and the especially useful for
power of memory, can be made from the initial letter
or letters of other words. remembering numbers. It is
exercised and improved. based on the idea that we
Acronyms are very common
in everyday language: can only remember about
Here are some tips for seven items in our short-term
improving memory. NBA (National Basketball
Association) and SCUBA memory.
(Self Contained Underwater Chunking involves breaking
Association This can be up a long number into
a helpful way to remember Breathing Apparatus)
are just two examples of smaller pieces. A telephone
names, for example. Try number of 97472365 would
to associate the name of acronyms that have now
become words in their own be easier to remember like
someone with another this: 97-47-23-65. Or, if
image, something that right.
you can find a meaningful
reminds you of that name. Acrostics are sentences ‘number’ inside the item
Imagine meeting someone made up to remember items. you need to remember, you
called Mike, for example – try An example is the sentence can chunk it differently:
to visualise a microphone to remember the order of 9-(Boeing)747-2365.
to remember his name. The the planets (Mercury, Venus,
next time you meet Mike, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,

1 Read these people’s tips. What technique do they use to help them remember?
1. I always remember how to spell because: Big elephants can’t actually use small entrances.
2. I’m always amazed at the way the head teacher remembers every student’s name. Then one
day I overheard him as he met a new student. While the student was walking away, the head
teacher said to himself, ‘Claire – she has clear eyes.’ Every time he saw her, he remembered that
she had clear eyes and her name is Claire.
3. The way I remember my mobile phone number is this way: 76 (James Bond double oh 7) 42
(my father’s age) 1971 (before I was born!) And that’s it – 76007 42 1971.
4. I had to find my way from a station to a house in London once. I just kept saying to myself,
DESH! It was the initial letters of the street names I had to pass: Dalling Street, Edgar
Avenue, Shirley Street, Herrick Road.
2 OVER TO YOU Can you work out a way to remember the correct order of the colours
of the rainbow? (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet)

46
Writing
Compare the following sports and
activities, and write explanations for
your choices.

Sports: cycling, basketball, football,

volleyball, gymnastics, athletics, boxing
Explanation: difficult, fun, easy, tiring
Free time activities: watching TV, reading,
listening to music, doing art, doing
puzzles, playing games
Explanation: relaxing, interesting, creative,
useful

Use the following phrases to help you explain

your reasons.
To give your personal opinions: I think, in my
view / opinion
To contrast ideas: however, on the other hand,
but
To add to an idea: furthermore, also, in
addition, as well as

First, read Tina’s choices and

explanation. Answer the questions and
complete the gaps.
A. 1. What is she comparing?
2. What criteria does she choose?
B. I think (a) ...................................... is much
more (b) ...................................... than any of
the others. For example, you have to
concentrate when you’re doing it. It’s not
as easy as just sitting on the sofa, pressing
a button on a remote control! On the
other hand, (c) ...................................... can be
better when you are really tired after a long
day studying. You don’t always feel like
using your brain when you’re trying to rest
at home, as well as at school!

C. Now compare two or more activities.

47
Module 4: Progress test
Reading

O ne of the most
important of the early
Arab writers on coffee was
T he trade between
Venice, Italy and Egypt
brought the drink of coffee
Abd al-Qadir al-Jaziri. In to Europe, where it was very
his writings of 1587 he tells popular. The first coffee
What has the following how one Sheikh, Jamal- houses opened in Venice
food and drink got in al-Din al-Dhabhani, mufti in 1645, and a little over
common? of Aden, used coffee as a seventy years later, there
medicine to cure his illness. were 208 coffee houses
curry, kebabs, tabbouleh, He recovered, and at the in Venice alone! From
hummus, coffee same time, discovered Italy, the popularity of the
that coffee made him feel drink spread to the rest of
They all have an Arab more energetic, cleared his Europe.
connection! headaches and kept him

F or instance, did you

know that coffee was
awake. N owadays, many people
all over the world enjoy
first used and grown in
Yemen, as long ago as the I t then spread through
the whole of the Arab
World, as people travelled
a cup of coffee.

10th century? The Yemenis

used to boil the beans, and and took it with them. It
in this way they created the reached Turkey in the 15th
drink al-qahwa, coffee. century, and Egypt in the
16th century.

1 Read the article and number the events 1–6 in the correct order.
a. The drink spread throughout Europe.
b. Coffee was used to cure someone.
c. Coffee reached Egypt.
d. The Yemenis grew coffee beans.
e. The first coffee house opened in Venice.
f. People travelling through the Arab World introduced many countries to al-qahwa.

2 Find words or phrases in the text which mean:

1. share the same thing ......................................
2. a hundred years ......................................
3. lively ......................................
4. reach other parts ......................................
5. the business of buying and selling things ......................................
6. when something is liked by many people ......................................

48
Language practice
1 Write sentences about Ali’s plans.
Monday – meet Obaid at the library
Tuesday – practise with the volleyball team
Wednesday – finish the Maths homework Refer to
Thursday – start the History project the Assessment tools on page 80
Friday – visit Grandmother to assess your performance.
Saturday – go swimming, play tennis
Sunday – finish the History project

On Monday, he’s going to meet Obaid at the library.

1. On Tuesday, ............................................................................... 2. On Wednesday, ........................................

3. On Thursday, ............................................................................ 4. On Friday, .....................................................
5. On Saturday, ............................................................................. 6. On Sunday, ..................................................

2 Write these people’s predictions about the future.

1. There ............................... be computers on every
desk at school.

Some people think there ............................... be any teachers.

2.
But we ............................... always need human teachers.
Computers ............................... be able to teach us everything!

3. Cars ............................... be used any more. We ...............................

have personal aeroplanes instead.

The weather ............................... be warmer all over the world.

4. In wet countries like Britain, there ............................... be palm
trees and tropical fruit.

3 Complete the offers of help. Then match them with the situations.
a. I’ve forgotten my ruler. 1. read it to you. ______
...............................
b. I just haven’t got time to take these books 2. ............................... turn the music down a
back to the library. bit? ______
c. What are we going to buy Rakan for his 3. ............................... get him a book? ______
birthday?
d. I can’t find my purse! 4. Don’t worry, ............................... help you look
for it. _____
e. I can’t read the sign – I’ve forgotten my glasses. 5. ............................... lend you mine. ______
f. It’s really noisy in here, I can’t hear what you’re 6. ............................... take them for you. ______
saying.

49
 4 Complete the questions and answers. Use will / won’t.
1. Q: What / you do / if / you / be / late?
....................................................................................................................................
A: If / I / be / late / I / phone you.
....................................................................................................................................
2. Q: What / you buy / if / you go / shopping today?
....................................................................................................................................
A: If / I go / shopping / I / buy / some new pens.
....................................................................................................................................
3. Q: How / you get home / if / you miss / the train?
....................................................................................................................................
A: I / go / by bus / if / I miss / the train.
....................................................................................................................................

5 Circle the correct word or phrase.

1. I’ll phone you until / as soon as I arrive.
2. I always brush my teeth before / as soon as I go to bed.
3. I hope I manage to see you until / before you go on holiday.
4. When / After a few hours, I got tired of playing video games.
5. As soon as / When you see Hind next time, tell her I said hello.
6. Do we really have to wait before / until July to visit them?
6 Complete the sentences about imaginary situations. Use the words in brackets.
1. What ............................... (you do) if ............................... (you find) money in the street?
2. If a tourist ............................... (ask) you to recommend an interesting place to visit in Syria,
what ............................... (you say)?
3. If I ............................... (not be) interested in art, I ............................... (not go) to the art gallery.
4. Nour ............................... (not invite) you to dinner if she ............................... (not want) you to come.
5. I ............................... (buy) a new camera if I ............................... (have) enough money.
6. If I ............................... (win) a holiday anywhere in the world, I ............................... (go) to Japan.
7 Give advice to Yousef.
I’m taking up running. Have
get the right shoes you got any advice for me?
don’t run in the dark.
If I were you, I’d get the right shoes.
If I were you, I wouldn’t run in the dark.
1. warm up before you start.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. don’t do too much at first.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. increase the distance slowly and regularly.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. wear comfortable clothing.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. don’t eat just before running.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................

50
Writing

Write a letter giving advice to this student.

I am a student preparing for my final exams. I

don’t know what type of study timetable I should
plan. For example, is it better to study the night
before the exam, or should I relax just before the
exam? Should I study all day, or spread the work
across different days? How can I remember all the
things I have to learn?
Ali

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

1. Look at the outcomes on page 53 of the Students’ Book.

How did you find: 4. Was the writing in this module
making decisions? easy? difficult?
talking about conditions? What did you do to plan your
solving problems? writing? How can you improve?
giving advice? ...............................................................................

writing explanations? 5. Was the vocabulary in this module

? g? sting?
easy? difficult? useful? not useful interestin not intere
easy? difficult?
Are there any words or sounds that
you have difficulty with?........................
...............................................................................

6. Write your result from your Progress

2. Was the reading in this module
test ....................................................................
easy? difficult?
interesting? not interesting? What did you do well in?......................
What was your favourite passage in ...............................................................................

this module?..................................... What do you need to revise?..............

...............................................................................
3. Was the listening in this module
easy? difficult? 7. Was the grammar in this module
interesting? not interesting? easy? difficult?
What was your favourite passage in
this module?.....................................

51
 Module 5 Challenges & exploration

9
Language practice 2 Rewrite these sentences in the passive.
1 Read the extracts from newspaper 1. If you get hungry, you can buy snacks at
reports. Which of the following are they the shop.
describing? If you get hungry, snacks can be bought
at the shop.
earthquake flood hurricane drought 2. Every year, thousands of tourists visit the
tsunami volcano avalanche islands.
1. The liquid rock flowed out towards the Every year, ....................................................................
town. …...........…...... 3. We recycle paper and make new products.
2. Fast winds around the eye at over 120 Paper ..................................................................................
kilometres per hour. …...........…...... 4. Scientists can predict natural disasters
3. It measured 8.2 on the Richter scale. more accurately these days.
…...........…...... Natural disasters .........................................................
4. Killer waves were 30 metres high. 5. They are building new walls around the
…...........…...... village to stop flood water.
5. The heavy rainfall caused the walls of the New walls ........................................................................
dam to break, and water poured into the
town. …...........…......
3 Look at the picture and complete the
text. Use the correct passive form of the
6. There has been no rain for over three
verbs in brackets.
months, and crops have failed. …...........…......
7. Huge amounts of snow began to slide How rain is formed
down the mountain sides, onto the town The water in the ocean (1) ....................................
below. …...........…...... (heat) by the sun. The water (2) ........................
(turn) into tiny droplets in clouds. At the
same time, plants and trees lose water
from their leaves, too. This water
Use the present passive to talk about processes
(3) ...................................... (carry) into the air
and facts. Use it when the focus is on the too, and clouds (4) ...................................... (also
action, not on who does it. form) this way. When the clouds move
Every year new technology is developed to over cool air on the land, rain (5) ....................
warn people about possible disasters. (form). The rain falls back into the sea and
Walls are being built to keep the sea from the land, and the whole water cycle starts
flooding the village. again.
Use the passive with can to talk about
possibility.
Storms can be predicted by satellites.
When it is important to say who did the action,
use by.
There has been an earthquake. People are
being rescued by helicopter.

52
4 Complete the text with these words. 5 Choose the correct words.
found got lost rescued saved search 1. This painting .............................. painted by
sunk Monet in the 19th century.
a) is b) was c) is being
Teenagers (1) .............................. in storm at 2. The ancient pyramids .............................. built
sea by the Egyptians.
After a terrifying few days for a group of a) were b) are being c) are
teenagers and their worried parents, they 3. Today, millions of mobile phone calls
were brought home safely yesterday. The .............................. made every second.
teenagers were on a canoeing trip near a) were b) are being c) can
Sandy Beach, when a sudden change of 4. Traditionally on this day, special food
weather meant they (2) .............................. in ............................ eaten, and this is still the case
heavy fog. Moments later, a storm came today.
up and rescue boats were sent out to a) can be b) is being c) was
(3) .......................... for the teenagers. But 5. Exams in Syria .............................. usually done
although the rescuers (4) .............................. the at the end of each school semester.
canoes quite quickly, there was no sign of a) can be b) were c) are
the teenagers until a while later. ‘At least
we knew the canoes had not (5) ................... ,’
said the rescue team. ‘Eventually, we found 6C
Complete the text with the correct

elf-assessment
the teenagers. They managed to hold on passive form of the verbs in brackets.
to some trees on a tiny island, while their
Paper (1) ...................................... (first produce)
canoes were swept away in the storm.’
as early as 3000 BC in Egypt, Ancient
‘As soon as we heard the sound of the
Greece and Rome. It (2) ......................................
motorboats, we knew we were going to
(make) from a plant called papyrus. Later,

s
be (6) ..............................,’ said the relieved
papyrus (3) ...................................... (replace) by
teenagers.
sheep skin or calf skin. The skins
(4) ...................................... (first stretch), then
(5) ...................................... (dry) to make them
hard. In China, writing (6) ................................
(do) on bamboo. Silk (7) ................................
(also use), but it was very expensive. The
Use the past passive to talk about processes idea for making paper from wood
and facts in the past. Use it when the focus is (8) ................. (develop) in China. Today,
on the action, not on who does it. paper (9) ...................................... (consider) to
When it is important to say who did the action, be one of the great Chinese inventions.
use by. However, it is also possible to make paper
The city of New Orleans was badly damaged from other materials: for example wheat
by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. straw and sugar cane
The climbers were rescued from the top of the (10) ...................................... (can use). Today,
mountain. recycling paper is essential, if we want to
continue producing paper in the future.

53
 Skills development
Reading
Project: Jobs
A magazine recently did a survey to find the top ten jobs in the country. It compared them,
using criteria such as earnings, level of difficulty or stress and the positive and negative
factors of each one. Here is the list of the top ten jobs.
1. Software designer 2. College professor
3. Financial advisor 4. Personnel manager B. Demand
for people
5. Doctor or nurse g
yst rowing, mainly
6. Market research analyst in this job
is
7. Computer technician 8. Property agent lo nger! More b e c a u s e we are a also
developed, and more drugs ar ll living
9. Pharmacist 10. Psychologist and people aree be ing
these medic n e e d e d
in e s to p to sell
We decided to look at some of the jobs on the list. t. to do th
is job can a atients. People qualifi
er about medic lso give adv ed
A. In today’s world, lots of people feel und It isn’t so in e a n d tr eatment for
ice to peop
le
d for
stress or worried about something. So the nee the p le a s a nt having to il ln e s s es
people in this job is growing. The pay is good feel
, patients, th
ough … talk to ang .
to ry
hours are flexible and it’s very rewarding it? s
you are helping people. The worst thing abo
ut
in d o f p e r s on who alway
Many years of study! D. Are y
ou the k e next trend ore
is?
o u t w h a t th
wants to find be the job for you. Bef
ld
C. These professional Then this cou r service is developed, collect
o
field today. That’s whs are needed in almost every any product people to do surveys, to d find
s e n
growing jobs in the woy this is one of the fastest- companies rom possible customers a be
u
l
good at maths and prob rld. You need to be ve
ry information f e product or service wil of
le m e r th lo t
working long hours, bu
t
solving. You can end up out wheth c o u ld b e w o rking on a car, to
designing new video ga on exciting projects like popular. You jects, from testing a new vote for.
me s or
equipment. The money
is ve ry
lif e- saving medical different pro ich politician people will s, data
people in this area of
wo rk
go od – but many fi n ding out wh but working with graph
suffer from –
eyestrain, backache, ha
nd an d wr is Exciting? Yes
problems. t and
–
calculations
maybe not!

1 Read the text. Which of the ten jobs are described in the texts?
A. .............................. B. ................................ C. ................................ D. ................................

2 Read the text again and complete the chart. Write one example of one advantage and
one disadvantage of each job.

A B C D
Advantage
Disadvantage
3 OVER TO YOU Which of the four jobs described in the list do you think is the most
interesting? Which one are you most or least suited to? Why or why not?
54
Writing
Use the information in the table to complete the text.

Bank clerk
Place of work in a bank or financial department of a
company
Uniform usually, in a bank
Requirements be able to speak the language of the
country
Abilities good at working with people, good at
working with numbers and sums
Study must have good school leaving
qualifications
Hours of work office hours
Career prospects depends on experience and progress at
work

A bank clerk usually works in (1) ......................................................, but it is also possible to do this
sort of work in (2) ....................................................... If the clerk works in a (3) ...............................................,
it is usually a requirement to wear (4) ....................................................... It isn’t important to be
physically strong or fit for this job, but you must (5) ....................................................... You should also
be (6) .............................................. and (7) ....................................................... In order to become a bank clerk,
(8) ...................................................... are essential. The hours are usual (9) ......................................................,
and the career prospects are good, if (10) .......................................................

Now complete the table with information about a job of your choice.

Use the notes in the table to write a paragraph about this job.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Refer to
the Assessment tools on page 80 to assess your performance.
55
 Module 5 Challenges & exploration

10
Language practice
We need to save the environment!
Here are some of the ways we are
Use the present perfect to talk about actions damaging our world:
and situations that started in the past and Q
People waste paper, so paper
continue up to the present. manufacturers (1) ...................................... (cut)
Use for with a period of time or time down more and more trees to make more
expressions. paper.
Use since with a specific date or time Q
Cattle farmers (2) ......................................
expression. (clear) rainforests, too, to use as fields for
I’ve lived here for fourteen years / for most of their cattle.
my life. Q
In the cities, factories and cars
I’ve done gymnastics since I was a child / since (3) ...................................... (fill) the air with
1989. smoke and gases.
Q
People kill endangered animals and then
Use the present perfect continuous to talk sell their skins and fur to make money.
about actions that were in progress at a time in
the past, and are continuing in the present or But our Environment Club
have just recently finished. (4) ...................................... (think) of ways to
Why are you crying? - I’ve (just) been watching help save the world!
a sad film. Here are some of the things we
I’ve been looking after my neighbour’s son all (5) ...................................... (do):
afternoon. We (6) ...................................... (recycle) paper,
glass and plastic.
We (7) ...................................... (encourage)
1 Circle the correct answer. people to walk or use public transport
1. I’ve known / been knowing my best friend all instead of cars.
my life.
2. My mother has taught / been teaching me to Why don’t you join our club and help save
play the piano, but I can’t play very well the world, too!
yet. 3 Write what these people have been
3. I’ve already tidied / been tidying my room. doing.
4. I haven’t visited / been visiting Europe yet.
5. Hurry up! You’ve talked / been talking on the
phone for an hour! 1. She / cut / onions
6. Where have you been? I’ve waited / been She’s been cutting onions
waiting for you all morning.
7. Lubna! The post has just arrived / been
arriving. Maybe there’s a letter for you.
2 Complete the poster with the present 2. He / paint / the room
perfect continuous of the verbs in .............................................................................
brackets.

56
 a. can’t you?
b. could she?
c. didn’t they?
3. She / make / a cake.
d. doesn’t it?
.............................................................................
e. isn’t it?
f. shouldn’t I?
g. don’t we?
h. is it?
4. She / do / exercise. i. am I?
.............................................................................. j. will he?
5 Add question tags to these sentences.

elf-assessment
5. He / wash / the car. 1. They’ve already been to Kuwait, .................... ?
2. You’re the new teacher, .................... ?
..............................................................................
3. You don’t think someone stole your new
bike, .................... ?
4. You didn’t bring your coat, .................... ?

s
5. Someone has eaten all the biscuits,
.................... ?
We use question tags (mini questions) at the 6. This weather is awful, .................... ?
end of sentences, to ask for information, to 7. I can’t do everything, .................... ?
check information or to make a question sound 8. He’s Syrian, .................... ?
more polite. 6 Look at the pictures and complete the
Positive question Negative tag questions.
You are English, aren’t you? 1.
You will help me, won’t you? You couldn’t help me lift this box,
It’s a lovely day, isn’t it? could you?

Negative question Positive tag

2.
They didn’t do their did they? They .............................. really suit
homework, me, do they?
You couldn’t help me could you?
with this heavy box,
3.
He can’t drive yet, can he?
............................ hot today, isn’t it?

4 Match the questions and the question

tags. 4.
1. Somebody left the door open, You .............................. Syrian, aren’t
2. It takes five hours to get there, you?
3. You can speak English,
4. We have to wear sports shoes,
5.
5. I should say sorry to him, We .......................... have to go and
6. He won’t be late, see something else, won’t we ?
7. Anne couldn’t answer the question,
8. It’s too dark to see properly,
6.
9. I’m not responsible for it, You .............................. the match,
10. It’s not time to go home yet, didn’t you?
57
 Skills development

Reading
A journey by balloon fuel for cooking, tents, survived the crash into
guns, a boat and sledges, the ice. They travelled
The desire to reach the
in case they landed on the across the ice for two
North or South Pole has
ice. They would then be months, before they died.
always attracted sailors
able to make their way on It wasn’t until more than
and explorers. Many
foot across the ice to the thirty years later that their
ships have been lost in
North Pole. skeletons were found
the ice during these polar
A crowd of spectators near White Island, east of
expeditions.
watched and cheered as Spitsbergen /spItsb´rg´n/
One Swedish exploration the balloon took off. But Island, by two Norwegian
team had the idea of that was the last time sailors. The sailors also
flying to the North Pole the men were ever seen found Andrée’s diary and
in a hydrogen balloon. alive. The balloon started camera. The diary, along
The leader was Andrée, leaking hydrogen gas, with the photos, when
an experienced Arctic and began to drop lower they were developed, told
explorer. He took with him and lower. On 14th July, the story of their long and
two other men, Strindberg the balloon got caught difficult journey across the
/strINdb´rg/, a scientist, in freezing fog. The ice.
and Fraenkel, an engineer. weight of the ice meant
They set off on 11th July, the balloon became too
1897, from Danes Island, heavy to continue flying.
in the Arctic. The balloon The men tried to save
was called Ornen, which themselves from crashing
is the Swedish word for by throwing everything
‘eagle’. In the basket with out of the basket. It
the three men, was food, didn’t work – but they

1 Read the article and answer the questions.

1. Why did they choose the name ‘Eagle’ for their balloon?
2. Why did they take sledges and tents with them in the basket?
3. What was the first serious problem with the balloon?
4. What happened three days after take-off?
5. Why did they throw all their food and equipment out of the basket?
6. How do we know the details of the balloonists’ journey?
2 Find words in the text that mean:
1. a long and difficult journey to discover a new area ......................................
2. a gas that is lighter than air ......................................
3. a type of ‘ski’ for transporting people or goods across ice or snow ......................................
4. people watching an event ......................................
5. stayed alive, despite a crash ......................................
6. only the bones of the body ......................................

58
Writing

When you write about a journey, answer

these questions.
1. Where did you go? When did you go
there? Why?
2. How did you travel?
3. What do you remember most about the
journey?
4. Was there anything you didn’t enjoy? Did
anything go wrong on the journey?
5. Would you make this journey again? Why
or why not?

Read this person’s account of a journey, and find the answers to the questions in the Help
box above.
The first time I ever flew in a plane was when I was about eleven. My parents were
taking me to visit my cousins in Egypt. It was only a short flight, about an hour and a
half – but it was an experience I’ll never forget!
I remember watching our suitcases disappear behind a screen, and wondering if I
would ever see them again! I am still amazed at how your luggage ends up at the
same destination as you.
Once on the plane, before we left the ground, I almost became bored. I remember
thinking that perhaps flying wasn’t such an exciting event, after all … Then we took
off. I was sitting by the window, and seeing the plane rise into the air, was magical.
The view of my city from the sky was wonderful. I loved every minute of that journey
– and I still love flying. Even though I have flown many times now, I still find it as
exciting and thrilling as I did then.

Now write about a journey you have made.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

59
Module 5: Progress test

Reading

Days 1–4 Our overland adventure starts in Nairobi. After a short drive, we enter the
grasslands, passing zebras and giraffes as we head towards Tanzania.
In the town of Arusha we join a local safari company to drive us through the Serengeti
National Parks in open trucks, so that we can view the wildlife here – elephants, lions,
cheetahs, white rhinos, buffalos, hippos, crocodiles and flamingos.
Days 5–9 We drive to Dar Es Salaam, passing the towering peak of Mount Kilimanjaro.
We camp for about 3 nights in a campsite on a beautiful beach on the Indian Ocean
coast. From here we take the ferry to the island of Zanzibar to explore the old streets and
spice markets.
Days 10–18 When we arrive back in Dar Es Salaam, we continue on southwards, through
the mountains. Passing rivers and small waterfalls, we reach Malawi, with its huge fresh
water lake. This is where we spend 3 days camping. The lake offers a variety of watersports
– canoeing, windsurfing and diving. From there, we cross into Mozambique and head for
Zimbabwe.
Days 21–23 From Zimbabwe’s capital city, Harare, we head south to Gweru to visit an
unusual game park. Here you can look at wildlife while horse riding or on the back of an
elephant!
Days 24–27 From Gweru we travel to the Great Zimbabwe Ruins. This is the site of the
ancient, magnificent mediaeval city. From the city of Bulawayo we catch a train to take us
to the wonderful Victoria Falls.
Day 28 We have reached our destination. The African name for the Victoria Falls means
‘the smoke that thunders’ – and no one can fail to be impressed by this majestic sight. It’s
a wonderful way to end an amazing expedition across Africa.

1 Read the advertisement and choose the best title.

1. Journey to Zanzibar
2. Journey from Kenya to Zimbabwe
3. Travelling south from Cairo
2 Read the advertisement. Which of the following activities can you do on this trip?
1. canoe down a river in the jungle 4. view wildlife on safari
2. take a ferry to an island 5. fly in a helicopter
3. do watersports
3 Read the advertisement again and find:
1. three types of animals you can see on this trip 5. a place where you can ride an elephant
2. an island 6. an ancient city
3. a country with a large lake 7. a country with a famous waterfall
4. three types of activities you can do on water

60
Language practice
1 Write about how paper is made. Use the passive form of the verbs in brackets.

1. The trees in the forest ........................................................ (chop down).

2. Then they ........................................................ (cut) into big pieces, called logs.

3. They ........................................................ (drive) to the paper mill in lorries.

4. They ........................................................ (break) into tiny pieces by a machine.

5. After that, water ........................................................ (add) and ...................................................

(mix) with the tiny pieces of wood.

6. This water ........................................................ (remove) later and the paper ..................................

(dry out) by a special machine.

7. Finally, the paper ........................................................ (make) into large rolls on another

machine.

2 Complete the rules with the passive form of the verbs in brackets, and can or can’t.

The Odeon Theatre, Stratford

ance, by phone or on the internet.
✓ Seats .................................... (book) in adv
wnload) from the internet.
✓ Programmes .................................... (do
) at the box office.
✓ They .................................... (also obtain

61
 e) into the theatre.
✗ Food and drink .................................... (tak .
s ...................... (allow) to ent
er the theatre after a play has started
✗ Ticket holder ....... .......
e) during the performance.
✗ Mobile phones .................................... (us
3 Complete the sentences with the present or past passive.
1. The telephone ............................ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
2. The game of basketball ............................ (first think) of by James Naismith, a Canadian.
Nowadays, basketball ............................ (play) all over the world.
3. A lot of the world’s gold ............................ (still produce) in South Africa.
4. Penicillin ............................ (discover) by Alexander Fleming.
5. In the past, most letters ............................ (write) by hand, or ............................ (type) on machines.
But nowadays, computers ............................ (use) for letters.
6. Every year, a lot of money ............................ (spend) by people sending each other greeting cards.
4 Complete the letter with the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.
Dear Mum and Dad
I (1) .................................................. (have) a wonderful time here on the farm! You won’t believe how early
I (2) .................................................. (get up)! At the end of such busy days, I (3) ..................................................
(fall) asleep quite early, too, I must admit.
For the last few days, Uncle Robert (4) .................................................. (teach) me to milk the cows. Holding
a newborn lamb (5) .................................................. (be) one of my most memorable experiences here on the
farm.
We (6) .................................................. (just come) back from a ride across the fields on one of the horses. It
(7) .................................................. (rain) for the last few days, and the fields are very wet and muddy. I
(8) .................................................. (just spend) a very relaxing hour in a hot bath!
Well, you’ll be pleased to hear that I (9) .................................................. (change) my mind about the
countryside … it’s not boring, after all! In fact, I think this is the best holiday I (10) .................................
................. (ever have).
See you soon
Khaled
5 Circle the correct tense.
1. Your eyes are red. Have you cried / been crying?
2. For the past three weeks, I’ve read / been reading a very sad story.
3. Phew! I’m so tired! I have cleaned / been cleaning the house all day.
I’ve just finished / been finishing.
4. It’s 10 a.m. and you’ve only just woken / been waking up! You must have gone / been going to bed
very late last night.
5. I hope our team wins today. We’ve practised / been practising hard all week.
6 Write the correct question tags.
1. You aren’t going to the shops, ............................?
2. That’s our new teacher, ............................?
3. Alexander’s parents are both doctors, ............................?
4. You’ve been to Paris and Rome, ............................?
5. That couldn’t possibly be true, ............................?
6. It takes a long time to fly to Australia, ............................?
7. Most students in Britain have lunch at school, ............................?
8. I can sit here, ............................?
62
Writing
Write about a visit you have made to an interesting place.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

1. Look at the outcomes on page 67 of the Students’ Book.

How did you find:
describing how things work? 4. Was the writing in this module
talking about the recent past? easy? difficult?
checking information? What did you do to plan your
writing about a job? writing? How can you improve?
discussing ideas? ...............................................................................
? g? sting?
easy? difficult? useful? not useful interestin not intere
5. Was the vocabulary in this module
easy? difficult?
Are there any words or sounds that
you have difficulty with?........................
...............................................................................
2. Was the reading in this module
6. Write your result from your Progress
easy? difficult?
interesting? not interesting? test .....................................................................
What was your favourite passage in What did you do well in?......................
this module?..................................... ...............................................................................

3. Was the listening in this module What do you need to revise?..............

...............................................................................
easy? difficult?
interesting? not interesting? 7. Was the grammar in this module
What was your favourite passage in easy? difficult?
this module?.....................................

63
 Module 6 People and social activities

11
1 Write the sentences in reported speech.
Language practice 1. ‘I am sorry I forgot to phone
you.’

Use reported speech to report what someone Munzer said ................................................

says or said. 2. ‘I bought a new shirt a few
In reported speech, the verbs change. weeks ago.’
Direct speech Reported speech Huda said .....................................................
present simple: past simple: 3. ‘I worked very hard at school.’
‘I always play tennis Ibrahim said (that) he
on Saturdays,’ said always played tennis
Ibrahim. on Saturdays. Mr Wakil said.............................................
past simple: past perfect: 4. ‘On Saturday, our class is
‘Last summer, I went Alia said (that) she going to the museum.’
to Japan,’ said Alia. had gone to Japan
Abla and Samia said
last summer. ....................................................................
future: would: 5. ‘We are going to have lunch
‘I’ll show you the She said that she at our grandparents’ house.’
photos from my would show me the
holiday,’ she said. photos from her Hussein and Nada said
...................................................................
holiday.
(am / is) going to / (was / were) going 6.
‘I fell and broke my wrist.’
can: to / could:
‘We’re going to the Eman said (that) they Ahmed said .................................................
zoo,’ said Eman. ‘You were going to the
can come with us. zoo. She said (that)
I could come with
2 Read Omar’s words.
them. Omar to Amer:
‘I’m going to the market. I want to take
photos with my new camera. I’m going
In reported speech, the pronouns change. to photograph some of the spices in the
market. I think they will make good photos
I ➟ he / she / it me ➟ him / her for a competition called ‘A day in the life
of a city’. I hope to win first prize, which is
we ➟ they us ➟ them a trip to Australia!’
you ➟ I / we you ➟ me / us Amer is telling his father what Omar said.
Complete the paragraph.
In reported speech, that can be omitted after ‘I saw Omar today. He said
said. (1) ............................................ to the market. He
said (2) ............................................ to take photos
with (3) ............................................ new camera.
He said he (4) ............................... some of the
spices in the market.
64
 He said (5) ............................... good photos Ali: Did you like it there?
for a competition called ‘A day in the life Sami: I had a great time. I particularly
of a city’. He said (6) ............................... to win liked the buildings, the streets – and the
first prize, which (7) ............................... a trip to food.
Australia.’ Ali: Did you ride a camel?
Sami: Yes, I did! It was a very bumpy ride,
but it was great fun.
Remember to change the tenses and the Ali: What was your favourite place in
pronouns in reported questions. Morocco?
‘Why are you laughing?’ Sami: I loved Marrakesh. I saw so many
interesting things.
He asked (me) why I was laughing.
‘What are you going to do after school?’ 1. Ali asked Sami ................................................................
She wanted to know what I was going to do 2. He said ................................................................................
after school. 3. Ali wanted to know if ................................................
4. Sami told him .................................................................
In reported Yes / No questions, use ask /
He said ................................................................................
wanted to know + if or whether. 5. Then Ali asked whether ............................................
‘Did you enjoy the class?’ 6. Sami replied .....................................................................
She asked me if / whether I had enjoyed the He added ...........................................................................
class. 7. Ali asked .............................................................................
She wanted to know if / whether I had enjoyed 8. Sami told him .................................................................
the class. He said ................................................................................
3 Write the questions Nawal was asked 5 Make nouns from these adjectives and
at her job interview. verbs. Choose the correct endings and
‘Where did you go to school?’ write the nouns in the table.
1. They asked her where she had gone to Adjectives Verbs
school. angry contribute
‘What was your favourite subject at blind examine
school?’ dangerous excite
2. They wanted to know ................................................ different improve
‘When did you start learning English?’ disappoint possess
3. They asked ................................................ happy
‘Did you enjoy your English classes?’ hungry
4. They wanted to know whether intelligent
................................................ obedient
‘What was the last book you read?’ sad
5. They asked her ................................................
‘How did you hear about the job?’ + ness + tion + er + + ment
6. They wanted to know ................................................ (e)nce
‘Do you have any questions about it?’
7. They asked her if ................................................

4 Ali talked to Sami about his holiday.

Write the conversation.
Ali: Where did you go on
holiday?
Sami: I went to Morocco
with my family.
65
 Skills development
Reading
How to be a good listener
We all listen to people
talking, all the time.
to say anything at all. Be
sensitive. Know when
to respond and when to
L et the speaker talk! It’s
tempting to start
talking about a similar
But how much do we be silent. experience or problem
actually listen, rather
than just hear what
someone is saying?
S how the speaker you
are listening by being
involved in the conversation.
you had, but wait until
the speaker has finished
talking. Don’t turn the

U se eye contact to let

the speaker know that
you are listening. There’s
Even though you are
not speaking, saying
things like, Mmm, Yes, I
attention on yourself.

A void distractions. If
the room is too hot
nothing worse than see, Really? That’s true … or cold to concentrate
talking to someone who show that you are really on what the speaker is
is looking at someone thinking about what the saying, do something
else in the room, or at speaker is saying. about it! If there is
something else more
interesting!
C oncentrate! If you
find your attention
background noise and
you can’t hear very well,

D on’t feel you have to

respond too quickly.
Sometimes a speaker
fading, start repeating
what the speaker has
just said, aloud, as if
or focus completely on
the speaker, say so. It’s
much better to stop the
needs time to organise agreeing or reflecting on speaker while you try
his or her ideas. the content. It’ll help to to solve the problem
Interruptions from of distractions, than let
keep your mind focused
the listener make this someone talk while you
on what the speaker is
difficult. And sometimes are clearly unable to
saying.
a speaker just wants listen properly.
someone to listen, not

1 Match the beginnings and ends of sentences.

1. Keep your eyes on the speaker a. if all the speaker really wants is to have
someone to talk to.
2. Repeat or summarise what the speaker has b. proves that you are involved in the
just said conversation.
3. If there is noise in the room c. to show that you are thinking about what
he or she has said.
4. Making short responses while the speaker d. to show that you are concentrating your
is talking attention on the subject.
5. Let the speaker finish what he or she is e. tell the speaker you can’t hear them
saying properly.
6. Sometimes it’s best not to say anything at f. before you start talking about what
all happened to you.

Refer to
the Assessment tools on page 80 to assess your performance.
66
 2 Find words in the text that mean:
1. aware of someone’s feelings s________
2. disappearing, becoming less f_____
3. took part in i_______
4. thinking about r_________
5. things that take your attention away d___________

Writing

Read the notes for a composition and organise

them under the following headings. Write a
number 1–5 next to each note below.
1. introducing the subject
2. reasons for choice
3. examples of the subject
4. further information about the subject, e.g.
where, when, how
5. summary

different kinds of books ___

my hobby: reading 1
where I got the books from ___
___
when I first started reading ___
when I read now ___

Now find and underline the notes in the composition. How has the writer combined
the headings into paragraphs?

What I enjoy doing most is reading. I read many different kinds of

books – fiction, non-fiction, biographies, travel books.

I have always enjoyed reading, because I find it relaxing and

stimulating at the same time. When I was a child, I used to go to
the library every week with my mother, and choose about six books.
Before the week was over, I had finished them already! My weekly
trips to the library were the best part of my childhood. I still go to
the library – only now, with all my studies and sports, I can’t read
six books every week!

During the holidays, however, when I am not studying, I read a lot.

I am never happier than when I am reading an exciting book. And
the best thing about books is that there are so many of them! It’s
nice to know that I will never run out of books to read.
Write a composition about what you enjoy doing most.

67
 Module 6 People and social activities

12
Language practice
2 Read the situation. Then complete the
Use if + past perfect + would / wouldn’t paragraph. Write what would have
have + past participle to talk about imaginary happened if things had been different.
situations in the past. Last night, Harry started
If I had seen the accident, I would have watching a TV quiz show,
phoned for help. and he stayed up late.
If I hadn’t got up so late, I wouldn’t have This morning he was very
tired. He got up late and
missed the train.
had to run to school. He
We can put the ‘if part’ or the ‘would have part’ didn’t see the hole in the pavement. He fell
of the sentence first. and hurt himself badly. He sprained his
If I had wanted to borrow your book, I would ankle. Now he won’t be able to act in the
have asked you first. school play tonight.
I would have asked you first if I had wanted to If Harry (1) ................................ watching a TV
borrow your book. quiz show last night, he (2) ................................
up so late. If he (3) ................................ gone to
We usually put a comma after the ‘if part’ of bed earlier, he (4) ................................ so tired
the sentence. this morning. If he (5) ................................ got
up so late, he (6) ................................ run to
We also use If it had been me + would /
school, and if he had been walking, he
wouldn’t have + past participle to talk about (7) ................................ the hole in the
what we would have done in a similar situation. pavement. If he (8) ................................ the hole,
If it had been me, I would have told the teacher he (9) ................................ and hurt himself
I didn’t understand the question. badly. If he (10) ................................ his ankle,
he (11) ................................ in the school play
1 What would have happened if tonight.
elf-assessment

these situations had been different?

Complete the sentences. 3 OVER TO YOU What would you have
done? Answer the questions.
1. Our football team lost three matches. We
didn’t win the Cup. 1. Jenny was carrying her mother’s best glass
If our football team hadn’t lost three vase to the kitchen, when she dropped it.
matches, we would have won the Cup. She didn’t know whether to try and fix it,
s

2. Sally didn’t study. She didn’t pass her test. or to buy a new one instead.
If Sally .........................., she ............................ her test. If it had been me, .........................................................
3. You didn’t ask me. I didn’t help you. ...................................................................................................

If you ............................... me, I ............................ you. 2. John left his homework at home. He
4. I was in a hurry. I left my school books at realised this on his way to school. He
home. didn’t know whether to go back and fetch
If I ................................ in a hurry, I .............................. it, and be late for school, or to go to
my school books at home. school without his homework.
5. The TV was broken. We didn’t watch the
If it had been me, .........................................................
programme.
...................................................................................................
If the TV ................................, we .................................
68
 5 Write what you would think in these
situations.
Use I wish + past perfect to talk about past
situations that you wish had been different. 1. I broke my favourite lamp. I knocked it off
I wish I had studied more languages at school. the table.
(But I only studied one.) I wish ...................................................................................
I wish I had known that you were ill – I would
have come to see you. (I didn’t know, so I 2. I didn’t buy a new jacket and I’ve lost my
old one.
couldn’t come to see you.)
I wish ...................................................................................
4 Write what these people are thinking.
3. I didn’t see the step. I fell over.
I wish ...................................................................................

bring a map 4. I ate too many sweet cakes. I don’t feel

1. I wish I had brought a well.
map. I wish ...................................................................................

5. I didn’t save my work on the computer.

Now I’ll have to start all over again.
I wish ...................................................................................

understand English
2. I wish I ........................................
.......................................................................

stay at home
3. I wish I ........................................
.......................................................................

phone
4. I wish I ........................................
.......................................................................
before I came.

not forget
5. I wish I ........................................
................................ Omar’s number!

69
 Skills development
Reading
What makes a true friend?
I think a true friend is someone who is always there for you, someone who understands how
you are feeling, without even having to ask. I met my best friend, Lynette, when we were
both at primary school. Even though we were only children, we knew immediately that we
would stay friends forever. She is the one I tell all my secrets to – I know I can trust her,
and I value her opinion on things that are important to me. She doesn’t always see things
the same way as I do, but that’s a good thing – she helps me to look at problems from a
different point of view, and that often helps me to find solutions.
Katie, Chicago, USA
I agree with you, Katie, but to me, a true friend is not only someone who is sympathetic …
of course, that is essential. What I love best about my best friend is, he makes me laugh!
We share the same sense of humour. That’s what keeps us friends, even though we argue
sometimes, we always end up laughing about it.
Daniel, Edinburgh, UK
I think a true friend is someone who forgives you. My best friend and I had a huge argument
about something once, and we didn’t speak to each other for ages, but when we met up
recently, it was as though nothing had ever happened. We both decided to forget about it.
Nick, Melbourne, Australia
My best friend is someone I don’t even see any more. She emigrated years ago. Our lives
are completely different – we don’t share the same culture any more. We don’t have the
same interests or friends, or ambitions …. but we are still very close. It sounds impossible,
but what we have is a true friendship.
Majeda, Damascus, Syria

1 Read the web page. Write the correct name.

1. ................................................. met his/her best friend a long time ago.
2. ................................................. isn’t at all similar to his/her best friend.
3. ................................................. believes that a true friend can forgive.
4. ................................................. likes to have fun with his/her best freind.
5. ................................................. can tell his/her best friend everything.
6. ................................................. and ................................................. believe friends can be different.

2 Look at the words and phrases in bold in the text. Which ones mean:
1. a long time ................................
2. a serious disagreement ................................
3. another possible way ................................
4. available to help you ................................
5. idea of what is funny ................................
6. someone who is willing to forget about problems he had with his friends ................................
7. not similar in any way ................................
8. sensitive and understanding when you are unhappy ................................
9. take seriously ................................

70
 3.
3 OVER TO YOU What do you think
makes a true friend? How many of the She is the kindest person I
points in the texts above do you agree have ever met. She tries to see
with? How did you meet your best the good things in everyone
friend? and in every situation. I wish
I was able to do that more
Writing often! And even though she
was my age such a long time
Read the Help box. ago, she seems to understand
exactly how I feel about
things, for example, family,
When you write a description, make notes school, friendships. I can tell
for the following topics: her everything. She is always
appearance – what does the person look interested, and always willing
like? ____ to listen to me.
character – what is the person like? ____ 4.
relationship – what is your relationship with I hope one day, when I am a
this person? ____ grandmother, I’ll be like her.
personal memories – mention one or
two examples of why you have a special
relationship ____
conclusion – summarise your relationship Useful language for
with this person ____ • giving examples: for instance, for example
• contrasting: even though, although, but
Read Fatima’s description. Write the • adding information: and, also
correct paragraph number next to each
topic in the Help box.
Now write a description of someone
1. who is special to you.
I have a very good friend
called Huda. She has beautiful
silver hair, and big brown eyes
and a lovely smile. When she
laughs – which she does
often – her whole face lights up!
2.
She is very different from me in
many ways – but in many ways,
we are very alike, even though
there is a difference of nearly
forty years in our ages.
That’s because she is 54 – and
she’s a grandmother. Huda is
my best friend’s grandmother!

71
Module 6: Progress test

Reading
Yang Lei is fifteen years old. She is a student at a large secondary school in Beijing,
China. Like many of the students, Yang Lei lives in a suburb quite a long way from the
school, and travels there by bicycle. School starts at 7.00 a.m. and finishes at 5.00 p.m.
Because the students are at school for about ten hours, they start each day with an
exercise session. This is a very important part of their daily routine.

Lunch is at noon in the canteen. It usually consists of rice, meat or fish and noodles.
The students then have 30 minutes of sport – table tennis, football, basketball are the
most popular – followed by 30 minutes of free time. Many students enjoy going to the
library during their free time to read.

Chinese students take their studies very seriously. There is a lot of competition for
places in colleges and universities, because there are so many students who want to
study further.

Yang Lei’s favourite subjects are maths, the sciences, art, English and Chinese. Most
students start learning English at primary school. They want to do well in English,
because of its international value.

At the weekends, in between doing homework and surfing the internet, Yang Lei enjoys
going shopping with her friends. She and her family often have picnics in the summer.
Sport is a big part of most Chinese teenagers’ lives, too.

Yang Lei dreams of becoming an artist. When she was six years old, she began
studying Chinese painting and calligraphy. She hopes to do fine art at university in
Beijing one day. But first, she must pass the very difficult university entrance exam. It
takes place every year in June, and it lasts three days.

1 Read the article and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. Yang Lei lives near the school.
2. The average school day is longer in China than in Syria.
3. Students usually bring a packed lunch to school.
4. Going to university after school is a popular choice for many students in China.
5. The ability to speak English is considered to be very important in China.
6. Yang Lei and her friends don’t have much time at the weekends to do the things they enjoy.
7. Yang Lei has always been interested in art.
8. Before she can go to university, she has to pass a long and difficult exam.
2 Read the article again and find words which mean:
1. a residential area outside the city centre ................................
2. midday ................................
3. communal dining room ................................
4. importance ................................
5. the art of beautiful writing ................................

72
Language practice
1 Write what these people said.
1. ‘I’m going to study medicine at university.’
Fatima said ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ‘Our teacher is going to show us a film about Japan.’
Zeinab said ...............................................................................................................................................
3. ‘My father took us to his office.’
Sultan said ................................................................................................................................................
4. ‘My friend Ghada went to Russia on a study tour.’
Mariam said ............................................................................................................................................
5. ‘I saw you in the shopping centre.’
Omar told Hisham ..............................................................................................................................
2 Report the conversation.
Samira: What are you going to do after school?
1. Samira asked Salma ......................................................................................................................................................................
Salma: I’m going to play table tennis. Do you want to play, too?
2. .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Samira: I can’t. I’m going to the dentist.
3. .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Salma: Have you got toothache?
4. .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Samira: No, I go every six months for a check-up.
5. .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Salma: Last time I went to the dentist, he found nothing wrong with my teeth.
6. .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Samira: I hope it will be the same for me!
7. .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

3 Write the questions the class asked Khaled when he came back from a visit to Britain.
‘Who did you go with?’
1. They asked me ..................................................................................................................................................................................
‘What did you do in Britain?’
2. They wanted to know ...................................................................................................................................................................
‘Where did you stay?’
3. They asked me ..................................................................................................................................................................................
‘Did you go to Oxford?’
4. They wanted to know ...................................................................................................................................................................
‘What was the food like?’
5. They asked me ..................................................................................................................................................................................
‘How did you travel around?’
6. They wanted to know ..................................................................................................................................................................

73
 4 How would these situations have been different if the opposite had happened? Write
sentences.
I didn’t listen to the radio, so I didn’t hear the news.
If I had listened to the radio, I would have heard the news.
1. Helen forgot to water the plants, so they died.
....................................................................................................................................................
2. Victoria baked the cake for too long, so it was burnt in the oven.
....................................................................................................................................................
3. My father parked the car in the wrong place, so he got a parking ticket.
....................................................................................................................................................
4. I wrote the wrong address on the envelope, so the letter didn’t arrive.
....................................................................................................................................................
5. I posted the card too late, so you didn’t get it on your birthday.
....................................................................................................................................................

5 What would you have done in the following situations? Write sentences with the words
in brackets.
I bought my mother an expensive glass bowl from a trip to Damascus. While I was travelling
back home on the bus, I dropped it, and it broke.
(wrap it up in newspaper first)
If it had been me, I would have wrapped it up in newspaper first.
1. (carry it with two hands)
If it had been me, ........................................................................................................................
2. (wrap it in a blanket or thick coat)
If it had been me, ........................................................................................................................
3. (not buy something made of glass!)
If it had been me, ........................................................................................................................
It’s my brother’s birthday tomorrow. I wanted to buy him a book. But when I got to the shop
today, the book I wanted to buy was sold out. Now I don’t have a present for him.
4. (buy something else)
If it had been me, ........................................................................................................................
5. (look for the book in another shop)
If it had been me, ........................................................................................................................
6 Write these people’s wishes about things that happened.
‘I went for a run this afternoon – now I’m really tired’
I wish I hadn’t gone for a run.
1. ‘I spent all my money on new clothes.’
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ‘I lost my bus ticket.’
....................................................................................................................................................
3. ‘He said something unkind to me.’
....................................................................................................................................................
4. ‘I didn’t read the book before I saw the film.’
....................................................................................................................................................

74
Writing
Describe five qualities you think are important in a good friend. Write your reasons for
your choices. Provide an example of each quality.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

1. Look at the outcomes on page 81 of the Students’ Book.

How did you find: 4. Was the writing in this module
reporting what people say? easy? difficult?
talking about an imagined past? What did you do to plan your
writing a description of someone? writing? How can you improve?
expressing regret? ...............................................................................
? g? stin g?
easy? difficult? useful? not useful interestin not intere
5. Was the vocabulary in this module
easy? difficult?
Are there any words or sounds that
you have difficulty with?........................
...............................................................................
2. Was the reading in this module
6. Write your result from your Progress
easy? difficult?
test ....................................................................
interesting? not interesting?
What was your favourite passage in What did you do well in?......................
this module?..................................... ...............................................................................

3. Was the listening in this module What do you need to revise?..............

...............................................................................
easy? difficult?
interesting? not interesting? 7. Was the grammar in this module
What was your favourite passage in easy? difficult?
this module?.....................................

75
 Self-assessment answer key
Module 1: page 9, exercise 4 Module 4: page 45, exercise 5
1. must a. sad
2. must b. in touch
3. mustn’t c. a hobby
4. should d. a club
5. don’t have to e. friends
6. should f. to people
7. should g. something new
h. sorry
Module 2: page 21, exercise 4 i. pieces
1. university j. carefull
2. petrol station
3. library Module 5: page 53, exercise 6
4. museum 1. was first produced
5. bank 2. was made
6. theatre 3. was replaced
7. sports centre 4. were first stretched
8. hospital 5. dried
6. was done
Module 3: page 29, exercise 5 7. was also used
8. was developed
1. sore throat
9. is considered
2. stomachache
10. can be used
3. sprained
4. temperature
Module 5: page 57, exercise 5
5. earache
6. toothache 1. haven’t they
7. headaches 2. aren’t you
3. do you
Module 3: page 32, exercise 1 4. did you
5. hasn’t he/she
1. had lost
6. isn’t it
2. had eaten
7. can I
3. had already gone
8. isn’t he
4. hadn’t practised
5. had closed down
Module 6: page 68, exercise 1
Module 4: page 41, exercise 5 2. had studied, would have passed
3. had asked, would have helped
1. until
4. hadn’t been, I wouldn’t have left
2. When
5. hadn’t been broken, would have watched
3. After
the programme
4. until
5. before
6. as soon as

76
My Vocabulary

Module 1

Unit 1 Unit 2

Module 2

Unit 1 Unit 2

Module 3

Unit 1 Unit 2

77
 Module 4

Unit 1 Unit 2

Module 5

Unit 1 Unit 2

Module 6

Unit 1 Unit 2

78
 Assessment tools

Put a tick (D) in the right box Yes/No

and count how many Yes you get, compared with the scoring key
Module 1: Stories
Page 10: Reading, exercise 1
Scoring criteria Yes No
I read the text silently as a whole first.
I read the questions and question items carefully.
I looked for key terms in the questions and tried to find them in the text.
I reviewed the answers at the end.
Scoring key
4 (Yes) excellent, correct, complete
3 (Yes) good, partially correct, complete
2 (Yes) fair, partially correct, partially complete, needs revision
1 (Yes) incorrect and incomplete; do it again!

Module 2: Around the world

Page 21: Over To You, exercise 8
Scoring criteria Yes No
I named the area and identified its location.
I described how to get there from a central location.
I specified important cultural and religious sites.
I specified important business and economic sites.
Scoring key
4 (Yes) excellent, correct, complete
3 (Yes) good, partially correct, complete
2 (Yes) fair, partially correct, partially complete, needs revision
1 (Yes) incorrect and incomplete; do it again!

Module 3: Health
Page 31: Writing
Scoring criteria Yes No
I mentioned my goal at the beginning.
I identified the means to attain my goal.
I gave examples to illustrate my points.
I ended my advice with reference to the reader.
Scoring key
4 (Yes) excellent, correct, complete
3 (Yes) good, partially correct, complete
2 (Yes) fair, partially correct, partially complete, needs revision
1 (Yes) incorrect and incomplete; do it again!
79
Module 4: Critical thinking
Page 49: Language practice, exercise 1
Scoring criteria Yes No
I referred to the same day of each sentence.
I continued the sentences with (he’s going to…).
Scoring key
2 (Yes) excellent, correct, complete
1 (Yes) fair, partially correct, partially complete, needs revision

Module 5: Challenges & exploration

Page 55: Writing
Scoring criteria Yes No
I studied the table as a whole first.
I examined the text to identify key terms.
I searched in the right hand column of the box to relate key terms.
I chose phrases from the box and inserted them in their proper form in the blanks.
I chose another job for the third column and filled in the boxes with
appropriate information.
I connected the points I identified to make a coherent paragraph.
Scoring key
6 (Yes) excellent, correct, complete
5 (Yes) very good, correct, complete, lacks some details
4 (Yes) good, correct, partially complete
3 (Yes) fair, partially correct, partially complete, needs revision
2 (Yes) incomplete or incorrect; do it again!
1 (Yes) incomplete and incorrect; do it again!
Module 6: People
Page 66: Reading, exercise 1
Scoring criteria Yes No
I read the text as a whole at first.
I read each beginning of a sentence and matched it with one of the sections in
the text.
I examined the related section to get meaning.
I looked for the meanings I found in the ends of sentences.
Scoring key
4 (Yes) excellent, correct, complete
3 (Yes) good, partially correct, complete
2 (Yes) fair, partially correct, partially complete, needs revision
1 (Yes) incorrect and incomplete; do it again!

80 80
 Glossary
A antiseptic avocado
access noun a medicine that you noun a fruit with a thick
noun the right to enter a put onto a wound to stop it green or dark purple skin
place, use something, see from becoming infected: He that is green inside and has a
someone etc: People should dabbed the cut with antiseptic. large seed in the middle
always have access to fresh, clean
argument B
water.
noun 1 a situation in which badger
achievement two or more people disagree, noun an animal which has
noun something important often angrily: I broke the vase black and white fur, lives in
that you succeed in doing by during an argument with my holes in the ground, and is
your own efforts: We try to friend. active at night
celebrate the achievements of our 2 a set of reasons that show
students. that something is true or C
untrue, right or wrong, etc:
We need to provide a convincing calligraphy
allergy noun the art of producing
noun a medical condition in argument as to why the system
should be changed. beautiful writing using
which you become ill or in special pens or brushes, or
which your skin becomes red the writing produced this way
and painful because you have assess
eaten or touched a particular verb to make a judgment
about a person or situation canteen
substance: I have an allergy to noun a place in a factory,
cats. after thinking carefully about
it: a report to assess the impact of school etc where meals
advertising on children are provided, usually quite
ambition
cheaply
noun a strong desire to
achieve something: She assumption
noun something that you chameleon
fulfilled her ambition to become
think is true although you noun a lizard that can
the first woman to run the
have no definite proof: A lot change its colour to match
100,000 metres in under 30
of people make the assumption the colours around it
minutes.
that poverty only exists in the
Third World. charity
amphitheatre
noun an organisation that
noun a large circular building
attentive gives money, goods or help
without a roof and with
adjective listening to or to people who are poor, sick
many rows of seats
watching someone carefully etc: Several charities sent aid to
because you are interested: the flood victims.
anaesthetic
noun a drug that stops you an attentive audience
coherent
feeling pain: The operation will
adjective if a piece of writing,
have to be done under anaesthetic. avalanche
noun a large mass of snow, set of ideas etc is coherent,
ice and rocks that falls down it is easy to understand
anatomy
the side of a mountain: Two because it is clear and
noun the scientific study of
skiers were killed in the avalanche. reasonable: The three years
the structure of human or
of the course are planned as a
animal bodies: a professor of
coherent whole.
anatomy 81
collapse continent as flood, storm or accident
verb if a building, wall etc noun a large mass of land which causes great damage
collapses, it falls down surrounded by sea: the or suffering
suddenly, usually because it continents of Asia and Africa
is weak or damaged: The roof discipline
has collapsed long ago. contribute noun the ability to control
verb to help to make your own behaviour and
community something happen: Stress is obey rules: Working from home
noun the people who live in a contributing factor in many requires a good deal of discipline.
the same area, town etc: The illnesses.
new arts centre will serve the disease
whole community. cosmopolitan noun an illness which affects
adjective a cosmopolitan a person, animal or plant
compass place has people from
noun an instrument that different parts of the world: a drill
shows directions and has cosmopolitan city verb to make a hole in
a needle that always points something using a drill: Drill
north: a map and compass D a hole in each corner.
debate
competition noun a discussion for a drought
noun an organised event particular subject that often noun a long period of dry
in which people or teams continues for a long time weather when there is not
compete against each other and in which people express enough water for plants and
different opinions animals to live
complicated
adjective difficult to decisive E
understand or deal with, adjective someone who is earthquake
because many parts or decisive is good at making noun a sudden shaking of
details are involved: For young decisions quickly and with the earth’s surface that often
children, getting dressed is a confidence: a decisive leader causes a lot of damage: An
complicated issue. earthquake measuring 6.1 on
detect the Richter scale struck southern
concentrate verb to note or discover California on June 28.
verb to think very carefully something, especially
about something that you something that is not easy ecological
are doing: Be quiet, let me to see, hear etc: Many forms adjective connected with
concentrate on my homework. of cancer can be cured if detected the way plants, animals
early. and people are related to
conquer each other and to their
verb to get control of a diabetes environment: an ecological
country by fighting: The noun a serious disease in disaster
Normans conquered England in which there is too much
1066. sugar in your blood embarrassed
adjective feeling nervous and
disaster uncomfortable and worrying
noun a sudden event such about what people think of
82
you, for example because F generous
you have to talk or sing in adjective someone who is
fabulous
public, or because you have generous is willing to give
adjective extremely good or
made a silly mistake: She gets money, spend time, etc in
impressive: You look fabulous!
embarrassed if we ask her to sing. order to help people or give
them pleasure: She’s always
facility
emergency very generous to the kids.
noun rooms, equipment or
noun an unexpected
services that are provided
and dangerous situation gladiator
for a particular purpose: The
that must be dealt with noun a soldier who fought
hotel has its own pool and leisure
immediately: Lifeguards are against other men or wild
facilities.
trained to deal with emergencies. animals as an entertainment
in ancient Rome
falcon
enthusiastic
noun a bird that kills and
adjective feeling or showing a H
eats other animals and can
lot of interest and excitement habitat
be trained to hunt
about something: All the staff noun the natural home of
are enthusiastic about the project. a plant or animal: watching
fertile
adjective fertile land or soil is monkeys in their natural habitat
eruption
able to produce good crops:
noun to start suddenly: howl
800 acres of fertile cropland
volcanic eruption verb if the wind howls, it
finance makes a loud high sound as
essay it blows: wind howling in the
noun the management of
noun a short piece of writing trees
money by governments, large
about a particular subject by
organisations etc
a student as part of a course humid
of study: an essay on Bernard adjective if the weather
fizzy
Shaw is humid, you feel
adjective a fizzy liquid
contains bubbles of gas: fizzy uncomfortable because the
essential air is very wet and usually
water
adjective extremely hot: Tokyo is extremely humid in
important and necessary: A mid-summer.
folk tale
good diet is essential for everyone.
noun stories that are
traditional and typical of the hygiene
extract noun the practice of keeping
ordinary people who live in a
verb to carefully remove a yourself and the things
particular area
substance from something around you clean in order
which contains it, using a to prevent diseases: the
G
machine, chemical process importance of personal hygiene
etc: Oils are extracted from the gadget
plants. noun a small, useful and
Iibex
cleverly-designed machine
noun a wild goat that lives
or tool: a neat gadget for
in the mountains of Europe,
sharpening knives
Asia and North Africa

83
illustrate injury M
verb to put pictures in a noun a wound or damage
manufacturer
book, article etc: Over a to part of your body caused
noun a company that makes
hundred diagrams, tables and by an accident or attack: She
large quantities of goods:
pictures illustrate the book. was taken to hospital with serious
Read the manufacturer’s
head injuries.
instructions before using your new
immune system
dishwasher.
noun the system by which invest
your body protects itself verb if a government,
misfortune
against disease: This flu is a business or organisation
noun very bad luck, or
warning to me that my immune invests in something, they
something that happens to
system is not as strong as it ought spend a large amount of
you as a result of bad luck:
to be. money to improve it or to
It seems the banks always profit
help it succeed: The city has
from farmers’ misfortunes.
impact invested millions of dollars in the
noun the effect or influence museum.
monument
that an event, situation
noun a building, statue or
etc has on someone or invisible
other large structure that is
something: We need to assess adjective something that is
built to remind people of an
the impact on climate change. invisible cannot be seen: The
important event or famous
house was surrounded by trees
person: He erected a monument
impressed and invisible from the road.
on the spot where his daughter
verb feeling admiration and
was killed.
respect: I think the chief was isolate
impressed by your presentation. verb to separate one person,
moral
or thing from other people or
adjective relating to the
income things: The town was isolated by
principles of what is right,
noun the money that you the floods.
rather than on what is legal
earn from your work or that
or practical: It is easy to have an
you receive from investments, L
opinion on a moral issue like the
the government etc: His logic death penalty for murder.
annual income is very high. noun a way of thinking about
something that seems correct O
infection and reasonable, or a set of
noun a disease that affects a sensible reasons for doing oath
particular part of your body noun a formal and very
something: The logic behind this
and is caused by a bacteria or statement is faulty. serious promise: Servicemen
a virus: an ear infection have to swear on oath for loyalty
to their country.
lore
ingredient noun knowledge or
noun one of the food that obedient
information about a subject,
you use to make a particular adjective always doing what
for example nature or magic,
food or dish: Combine all the you are told to do, or what
that is not written down but
ingredients in a large bowl. the law, a rule etc says you
is passed from person to
must do: an obedient child
person: According to local lore, a
ghost still haunts the castle.
84
P pump seldom
noun a machine for forcing adverb very rarely or almost
pavement
liquid or gas into or out of never: Kareem had seldom seen
noun a hard level surface or
something him so angry.
path at the side of a road for
people to walk on: A small
qualification serotonin
group of journalists waited on the
noun a skill, personal quality noun a chemical in the body
pavement outside her house.
or type of experience that that helps carry messages
makes you suitable for a from the brain and is
pedestrian
particular job or position: believed to make you feel
noun someone who is
There have been questions about happy
walking, especially along a
his qualifications to lead the
street or other place used by
company. source
cars
noun a thing, place, activity
R etc that you get something
pelican
recycle from: they get their money from
noun a large water bird that
verb to put used objects or various sources.
catches fish for food and
stores them in a deep bag of materials through a special
process so that they can be statistic
skin under its beak
used again: We take all our noun a set of numbers
bottles to be recycled. which represent facts or
performance
measurements: Statistics show
noun how well or badly a
reservoir that 50% of new businesses fail in
person, company etc does a
noun a part of a machine or their first year.
particular job or activity: a
training programme to improve engine where a liquid is kept
before it is used subtract
employees’ performance
verb to take a number or
S an amount from a larger
plot
number or amount: If you
noun a secret plan by a saddle subtract 30 from 45, you get 15.
group of people, to do noun a leather seat that you
something harmful or illegal: sit on when you ride a horse suburb
a plot against the king
noun an area where people
scream live which is away from the
pregnant verb to make a loud high centre of a town or city: Don’t
adjective if a woman or noise with your voice because you get bored living out here in
female animal is pregnant, you are hurt, frightened etc: the suburbs?
she has an unborn baby She jumped to her feet, screaming
growing inside her body: in terror. symptom
medical care for pregnant women
noun something wrong
seismologist with your body or mind
promote noun a person who studies which shows that you have
verb to help something to the science of earthquakes. a particular illness: Common
develop or increase: a meeting
symptoms of diabetes are weight
to promote trade between Taiwan
loss and fatigue.
and the UK

85
T W
tap waterfall
noun a piece of equipment noun a place where water
for controlling the flow of from a river or stream falls
water, gas etc from a pipe down over a cliff or rock
or container: She went into the
bathroom and turned on the taps. weave
verb to make cloth, a carpet,
tension a basket etc by crossing
noun a nervous worried threads or thin pieces under
feeling that makes it and over each other by hand
impossible for you to relax: or on a loom: Only a few of the
The tension was becoming women still weave.
unbearable, and I wanted to
scream. windscreen wiper
noun a long thin piece of
tundra metal with a rubber edge that
noun the large flat areas of moves across a windscreen to
land in the north of Russia, remove rain
Canada etc, where it is very
cold and there are no trees

U
unique
adjective being the only
one of its kind: Each person’s
fingerprints are unique.

V
vaccination
noun the process of
protecting a person or
animal from a disease by
giving them a vaccine: a flu
vaccination

vibration
noun a continuous slight
shaking movement: the
vibrations from the earthquake

86