PAWAR PUBLIC SCHOOL, CHANDIVALI

SECOND PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION (2023-2024)

SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY
GRADE: 10 MARKS: 80
DATE: 11.01.2024 TIME: 2 HOURS
PART I (30 Marks)
Attempt all questions from this Part
This Paper consists of 3 printed pages and a map.
Question 1
Study the extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No.43S10 Northings (28-39) Eastings (63-72) and answer
the following questions:
(i) (a) Give the six figure grid reference of .470 at the south east corner of the map. 704289 [1]
(b) Name the landform found in the south east corner of the map. What is the contour interval of
the map? Steep Hill. [½] 20 mt [½]

(ii) (a) The cardinal direction of village Pithapura from the Burar Khera. West [½]
(b) Name any two natural and one man made feature suggesting the seasonal rainfall of the area.
Natural -Dry streams/dry tank/broken ground/dry river bed [½x2]
Man made = Causeway, Dry tank with embankment [½]

(iii) (a) Calculate the area in kilometre square of the region enclosed between Easting 65 to 71 and
Northing 31 to 38. 6 x 7 = 48 sq km [1]
(b) Calculate the direct distance between the villages Udwarya and Mohabbatgarh in kilometer.
18 cm = 9 km [1]
(iv) (a) What do you understand by14r in grid square 7132 & 5r in grid square 6831? [2]
Ans:- (a) The Relative Depth if the Lined Perennial well is 14 mt. The relative height of the
embankment of the Dam is 5 mt. [½x2=1]
(b) Name the drainage pattern in grid square 7128 and 6338. Dendritic & Trellised [½x2=1]

(v) (a) Name the conventional signs.

(1) The brown curved dotted line in 7037. Ans=Taluka/District /Tehsil Boundary
(2) The red and blue square in 6233.Ans= Police station [½x2=1]
(b) State the importance of the following: [½x2=1]
(1) Fireline (2) Sluice
Ans:- (1) Fireline = To stop spreading fire in the forest
(2) Sluice == to regulate the flow of water from the Dam.

Question 2
On an outline map of India provided: [10]
(i) shade and label Chota Nagpur plateau.
(ii) shade and label the river Tungabhadra.
(iii) shade and label the Andaman sea.
(iv) shade and label Gangetic plains.
(v) mark and label Satpura mountain.
(vi) draw and label Tropic of Cancer.
(vii) shade and label a region with Red soil in India. .
(viii) mark with a dot and label Kochi.
(ix) mark and label the Bay of Bengal branch of South West Monsoon.
(x) mark with a dot and label an offshore oil field.
Question 3
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10]
Write the correct answer in words along with the question number.
(i) The direction of the flow of south west monsoon during summer season is ____ .
(a) South East to North West. (b) South West to North East.
(c) North East to South West. (d) North West to South West

(ii) Which of the following soil is not the residual soil?

(a) Laterite soil (b) Sandy soil (c) Red soil (d) Alluvial soil
(iii) Tropical Rainforest has very dense growth of trees , while very few plants grow at the forest floors.
Which of the following is the most likely reason for only a few plants growing on the forest floors?

(a) The plants on the forest floor get less water.

(b) The plants on the forest floor get less sunlight.

(c) The amount of humus on the forest floor is very high.

(d) The temperature of the forest floor is too high for the plants to grow.

(iv) The northern plains in India have elaborate system of canals. Which of the following statements is
incorrect to justify the fact ?
(a) It helps in the prosperity of agriculture.
(b) The rivers in the northern plains are snow fed.
(c) The northern plains are hilly and rugged.
(d) The northern plains have soft alluvial soil

(v) Madhu lives in an area which has rich deposits of coal, dolomite, limestone and manganese along with
two ports. Which industry can be developed in this area?
(a) Automobile (b) Utensils (c) Electric appliances (d) Iron& ste

(vi) People in rural India are now opting LPG cylinders for domestic cooking. They should divert to ______
(a) Solar energy (b) Geothermal energy (c) Rainwater harvesting (d) Biogas
(vii) Which one of the following is not true for pulses?
(a) Pulses are grown in both rabi and kharif season. (b) Pulses are leguminous crops.
(c) They are grown in rotation with other crops. (d) Pulses require intensive irrigation facilities.
(viii) Chandrayaan-3 is the third mission in the Chandrayaan programme, a series of lunar-exploration
missions developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation.
In which of the following industries the lunar lander named Vikram and a lunar rover named Pragyan are
made for this mission?
(a) Software industry (b) Electrical industry
(c) Entertainment industry (d) Electronics and Telecommunication industry
(ix) There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).Read the statements and
choose the correct options.
 Assertion: The road accidents in India is increasing in post Covid era.
Reason: India has about 63.73 lakh km of road network, which is the second largest in the world.
(a) A is true but R is false.
(b) A is false but R is true.
(c) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
(d) Both A and R are true and R does not explains A.
(x) Given below is an image that raises awareness regarding an issue that the world is currently grappling
with.
Which of the following news headlines best highlights the global issue depicted in the image given below?

(a) The biomedical waste still being dumped in open bin.-The Times of
India
(b) 75% of municipal garbage in India dumped without processing,-
The Hindu
(c) Despite checks factories continue to dump toxic waste in open.
-The Hindustan Times

(d) Around 78% of India’s e-waste is not being collectedby the government.
-The Economics Times.

PART II (50 Marks)

(Attempt any five questions from this Part)
Question 4
(a) Why are the Himalayas called the “ Climatic Divide”? [2]
Ans: 1. Prevent cold Siberian wind from entering the Indian region and from India becoming
a cold desert.
2. they also force moisture laden SW monsoon winds to shed rainfall in India.
(b)What is Cherry Blossoms? State the economic significance of it? [2]
Ans: Thunderstoms cause rainfall along the coast of Karnataka during summer. Important for coffee
cultivation.
(c) Write a geographical reason for the following: [3]
(i) Tropical cyclones are generated over the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman sea in late summer.
Ans: Due to low pressure in the Bay of Bengal caused by variations of heat and moisture.
(ii) Himachal Pradesh receives heavy snowfall in December.
Ans: Due to western disturbances .
(iii) Mangalore receives 280 cm rainfall but Chennai receives only 50 cm in Monsoon season.
Ans: Mangalore lies on the windward side of western ghats and receives rainfall from SW monsoon
winds Arabian sea branch whereas Chennai lies on the leeward side and fails to receive rainfall.

(d) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow : [3]
Month Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp⁰ C 12.0 25.5 26.3 27.1 30.0 36.2 36.0 35.9 30.3 28.4 21.0 16.6
Rainfall 1.5 0.1 0 1.4 1.1 21.0 25.3 27.2 24.0 9.4 1.5 0.4
cm

(i) Calculate the annual range of temperature of the station.- 24.2⁰ C

(ii) What is the total rainfall experienced in the winter season?- 97.5 cm
(iii) Why would it be correct to presume that the station lies in the interior and not on the coast?
Ans: Interior. Annual range of temperature is high i.e 24.2⁰C.

Question 5
(a) Write any two points of difference between the soils of Northern plains and the soil of [2]
Deccan plateau.
Ans:
Northern plains Deccan Plateau
1. Presence of Alluvial soil. 1. Presence of Black soil.
2. Porous soil, Light in color. 2. Non porous, Dark in color.

(b) Answer the following in one word. [2]

(i) The soil rich in potash but poor in phosphorus.- Alluvial soil
(ii) The measure taken to check the soil erosion by wind.- Shelter belts
(iiii) The process of leaching silica and lime from the top soil.- Desilication
(iv) A cash crop grows in Laterite soil.- Tea, coffee, sugarcane.
(c) Write a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]
(i) Red soil needs irrigation support to grow crops.
Ans: It is formed in region of poor rainfall/ loose soil/ does not retain moisture.
(ii) Laterite soil is not suitable for cultivation.
Ans: It does not retain moisture and hence it is not fertile/ acidic.
(iii) Terrace farming prevent soil erosion on hilly slopes.
Ans: It acts as bunds and prevent the soil being washed down by running water.
(d) Write two points of difference between the sheet erosion and gully erosion. [3]
Name any two factors responsible for formation of different types of soil.
Sheet Erosion Gully Erosion
1. Removal of thin layer of soil by rain. 1. Deep gullies are made.
2. First stage of soil erosion 2. Third stage of soil erosion.
Factors responsible for soil formation:
1. Changing temperature, running water and wind effect.

Question 6
(a) Mention any two regulatory functions of forests. [2]
Ans: Maintains oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle.
2. Regulate water cycle.
(b) Answer the following questions: [2]
(i) Name the forests which grow on the lee ward slope of the Western Ghats.
Ans: Moist deciduous forest.
(ii) Why do such forests grow in this region?
Ans: Moderate to low rainfall- 100 to 200 cm
Temperature- 24 to 27⁰ C.
(c) Write a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]
(i) Tropical Rain forests are evergreen forest.
Ans: Do not have fixed shedding period , hence appears green throughout the year.
(ii) Littoral forests have stilt roots.
Ans: To survive in soft and shifting mud.
(iii) Montane forests are mixed species.
Ans: Vegetation changes with temperature, altitude and rainfall.

(d) Answer the following questions with reference to the drawing given below: [3]

(i) Name the type of forest shown in the diagram.

Ans: Tropical Desert
(ii) State the correlation of the roots with the environment.
Ans: Long tap roots to reach deep underground sources of water.
(iii) State any two adaptive features of this type of forests by which the plants
conserve water.
Ans: Long tap roots, thorns, waxy leaves, fleshy stem.

Question 7
(a) Write two points of difference between Surface water and Ground water. [2]
Ans:
Surface water Groundwater
1. Result of precipitation and seepage of 1. Water seeps through cracks and crevices
groundwater. under the ground.
2. Water on the surface of the earth. 2. Water present in soil, subsoil or bedrock.

(b) State any two factors which are essential for the development of tube well irrigation. [2]
Ans: Availability of plentiful water; level land and soft soil; large fertile area; cheap electricity.
(c) State a geographical reason for the following statement: [3]
(i) Drip irrigation is used to irrigate fruits and vegetables.
Ans: water is supplied directly to the rootline / crops, prevents evaporation.
(ii) Ground water reserves is depleting soon at a rapid pace.
Ans: Overexploitation, Loss of vegetation, Excessive irrigation, Increase in population.
(iii)India needs to adopt different means of irrigation.
Ans: Due to varied relief, rainfall, temperature.
(d) Answer the following questions with reference to the drawing given below. [3]

(i)Name the activity shown in the diagram.

Ans: Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting.

(ii) State any two objectives of the activity mentioned in Q7 (d) (i).
Ans: 1. To meet increasing demand of water.
2. Reduce run off.
3. Avoid flooding on roads.
4. Reduce ground water pollution.
5. Reducing soil erosion.
6. Improving quality of groundwater.
7. Domestic use.

Question 8
(a) Name the following: [2]
(i) The largest producer of Iron ore in India.
Ans: Singhbum.
(ii) Name the mineral used for the manufacturing bleaching powder in chemical industry.
Ans: Manganese.
(iii) The type of coal that has the widest utilization in domestic purposes in India.
Ans: Bituminous.
(iv) The river on which the Hirakud dam is built.
Ans: Mahanadi.
(b) Answer the following questions: [2]
(i) How is Nuclear energy generated?
Ans: Splitting of radioactive elements produce heat. This heat is used to heat water and make steam.
Steam powers turbines which is used to run generators to produce electricity.
(ii) Nuclear energy saves on raw material. Justify the statement.
Ans: Fission of one atom of uranium produces ten million times energy released by burning one atom
of carbon.
(c) Write a geographical reasons for the following: [3]
(i) Many port cities have their own oil refineries.
Ans: To minimize cost of transportation and avoid of risk of transporting due to its inflammable
nature.
(ii) Coal is called a versatile mineral.
Ans: Source of thermal power, manufacturing of iron and steel.
(iii) Bauxite is considered to be an important mineral in automobile industry.
Ans: As it is an ore of Aluminium.
(d) How is Biogas is produced? Name any two important gases produced during the process of [3]
generation of biogas. Why is it an important source of rich fertilizer?
Ans: 1. It is produced by anaerobic degradation of animal and plant wastes in the presence of water.
2. Methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide.

Question 9
(a) State two Institutional problems faced by the Indian farmers. [2]
Ans: Small and fragmented landholdings; exploitation of farmers.
(b) Write two points of difference between the Intensive and extensive farming. [2]
Intensive farming Extensive farming
1. Small farms. 1. Large farms.
2. labour intensive 2. Machines are used

(c) Answer the following in reference to coffee cultivation.

(i) Write the climatic condition and physical requirements for the cultivation of coffee in Karnataka. [3]
Ans: 1. Temp- 15 to 28⁰C, Rainfall- 150cm to 200cm. Well drained, friable loamy soil.
(ii) Why is cover crop needed for in coffee plantation?
Ans: To provide shade and protect them from direct sunlight.
(d) Write a geographical reason for each of the following : [3]
(i) Jute has to be retted.
Ans: It softens the outer bark and facilitates easy removal of fibre.

(ii) Transplantation is a better method of sowing rice.

Ans: Less wastage of seed; higher yield; weeds are removed while sowing.
(iii) Bajra grows well in Rajasthan.
Ans: As it is suited to areas of low rainfall.
Question 10
(a) Write any two points of differences between the heavy and light industries. [2]
Ans:
Heavy Industries Light Industries
1. Create bulky capital goods and consumer 1. Produce light weight products.
durables.
2. Require huge capital. 2. Require less capital.

(b) State two reasons behind the sugar cane industry to shift to the south. [2]
Ans: 1. Favourable maritime climate- free from frost and loo.
2. Black soil is more fertile than alluvial soil.
3. Transport facilities, bigger farm size, factories are near fields, new machines, longer crushing
season.
(c) State a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]
(i) Ahmedabad is known as the “ Manchester of India”.
Ans: It is second largest cotton manufacturing city.
(ii) Petrochemical products are economically stable.
Ans: As they are produced on mass scale.
(iii) Silk industry is facing challenge in India.
Ans: Competition from artificial silk; Import of better and cheaper silk from China.
(d) (i) Write the location of Tata Iron and steel industry. Mention the source of power supply into [3]
this industry.
Ans: Jamshedpur. Coal.
(ii) Name the foreign collaboration of Rourkela steel plant. Where from does it obtain manganese?
Ans: German firm, Krupps and Demag. Barajmda( Jharkhand)

Question 11
(a) Write any two points of similarities and differences between the waterways and the airways. [2]
Ans: Similarities- Cross continents; environment friendly.
Difference- Waterways- 1. transport heavy and bulky goods.
2. Slow transport.
Airways- 1. Carry light goods.
2. Fastest mode of transport.
(b) State two disadvantages of Indian Railways. [2]
Ans: Door to door service not available, not suitable for hilly areas, not flexible with time.
(c) State a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]
(i) Roadways supplements other modes of transport.
Ans: Provides link between railway stations and ports.
(ii) Northern rivers are more dependable for water transport than the Deccan rivers.
Ans: They are perennial, longer, free from barriers like waterfalls.
(iii) Air transport is significant in north east India.
Ans: It can cross mountain barriers, forests with ease.
(d) (i) Mention two functions of BRO. [3]
Ans: 1. Construction and maintenance of roads in strategically active areas.
2. snow clearance in high altitude areas and construction of airfields, bridges and buildings.
(ii) State one difference between the Expressway and National Highways.
Ans: 1. Expressways- Controlled access where vehicles can enter through limited place.
Highways- Multiple access point.

Question 12
(a) Waste management is the call of our nation. Justify the statement. [2]
Ans: To prevent soil, water and air pollution.
2. To prevent spread of diseases.
3. To maintain the aesthetic beauty of a place.
(b) Why is sanitary landfills better way of waste disposal than the dumping? [2]
Ans: 1. Free from pollution
2. Free from fire hazards.
3. Health problems are minimized- prevents breeding of flies, rats and pests.
(c) “An Eco brick is a plastic bottle packed to a set density with used plastic. It’s created by filling a plastic
bottle with dry plastic until it’s packed tightly and can be used as a building block”. [3]

(i) Which method of waste management is practised in the example given here?
Ans: Reuse.

(ii) Why is plastics considered as harmful?

Ans: It is non biodegradable. Releases harmful chemicals on burning, can
choke animals.

(iii) Write one example of industrial waste is made useful.

Ans: Cement industry use slag and fly ash generated as waste by steel industries.

(d) (i) How does compost help in increasing the fertility of the soil ? [3]
Ans: Adds humus to the soil, increase water retentive capacity of soil.
(ii) Write one disadvantage of composting.
Ans: It is a slow process. Can cause odour and dust. Can spread diseases.