PESIA on primary school construction

PARTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL

PRMOTER: JARA ABEBA

PROJECT LOCATION; - OROMIA REGIONAL STATE SHEGER

CITY ADMINISTRATION, GALAN GUDA SUB CITY GELAN GDA WOREDA

SUBMITTED TO: GALAN GUDA SUB CITY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUTHORITY

January, 2024
SHEGGER, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA

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Table Contents

List of Tables.................................................................................................................................vi

List of Acronyms........................................................................................................................viii

Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................1

1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3

1.1. General background of the promoter and the project......................................................3

1.2 Objectives of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment study................................3
1.2.1 Specific objectives of the ESIA study of PrimarySchool.................................................4
1.3 Project Screening......................................................................................................................5

1.3. Methodology...........................................................................................................................5

1.3.1 ESIA Study Methodology..............................................................................................5

1.3.1.1 Desk review.............................................................................................................5
1.3.1.2 Field assessment...........................................................................................................5
1.3.2. Collection of available information.................................................................................6
1.3.3. Field visits........................................................................................................................6
1.3.4. Consultation with the public and relevant organizations.................................................6
2 SCOPING...............................................................................................................................7

2.2. Limitation of the study area..................................................................................................7

2.3. Valued Ecosystem Component (VEC) to be affected by the Proposed Project....................8
3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK...............................................9

3.1. Policy and Legislative Framework.......................................................................................9

3.1.1. National Policy& strategy................................................................................................9
3.1.1.1. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE, 1997)………………………………..9
3.1.1.2. Public Health Policy……………………………………………………………….10
3.1.1.3. Policy on HIV/AIDS of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia…………...10
3.1.1.4. Conservation strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)………………………………………….10
3.2. Proclamation and Regulations............................................................................................11
3.2.1 The Investment Proclamation No. 769/2012..................................................................11

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3.2.2. Building proclamation (proclamation No 624/2009)....................................................12

3.2.3. Public health-proclamation (proc. No 200/2000)..........................................................12
3.2.4. Labor Proclamation in Ethiopia No. 1156-2019..........................................................12
3.2.5. Proclamation No 197/2000, Ethiopian Water Resources Management........................13
3.2.6. Environmental Proclamation Laws and Regulations.....................................................13
3.2.6.1 Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (Proclamation No. 295/2002)..13
3.2.6.2. Environmental and social impact assessment (Proclamation No. 299/2002)……...14
3.2.6.4. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No. 300/2002……………………15
3.2.6.5. Solid Waste Management Proclamation No. 513/2007……………………………16
3.2.7. Regulations Pertaining to the Standards........................................................................16
3.2.7.1 Effluent Standards………………………………………………………………….16
3.2.7.2 Noise Standards…………………………………………………………………….16
3.2.7.3 Ambient Air Quality Standards…………………………………………………….17
3.2.8. Relevant International Conventions..............................................................................17
3.3. Institutional and Administrative Framework......................................................................18
3.3.1. Environment, Forest and Climate change commission (EFCCC).................................18
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS.................................................................................................20

4.2. Project objectives..................................................................................................................20

4.3. The raw materials................................................................................................................21

4.4. Construction equipment......................................................................................................21
4.5. Component of the proposed school building......................................................................21
4.6. Utilities................................................................................................................................22
4.7. Analysis of alternative construction materials and technology..........................................22
4.8. Domestic waste water management alternatives................................................................23
4.9. Solid Waste Management Alternatives...............................................................................24
5. DESCRIPTION OF BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT.........................25
5.1 Physical Environment........................................................................................................25
5.1.1 Geology and Soil...........................................................................................................25
5.1.2 Topography and climatic condition............................................................................25
5.2 Biological Environment.....................................................................................................26

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5.3 Socio economic characteristics of the town......................................................................26

5.3.1 Urban Infrastructure...................................................................................................26
5.3.2 Unemployment and Social Vulnerability...................................................................26
5.3.3 Health Condition of the town......................................................................................27
5.3.4 Education Condition of the town................................................................................28
5.3.5 Transportation and Environment...............................................................................28
6. IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS..................................29

6.1 Basis of Identification of Impacts........................................................................................29

6.1.1 Physical Environment (Biophysical Impacts)................................................................29
6.1.2 Natural Environment......................................................................................................29
6.1.3 Social welfare, Economic and Cultural Environment....................................................29
6.2 Description of the Existing and Anticipated Impacts..........................................................30
6.2.1 Existing impacts..............................................................................................................30
6.2.2 Anticipated impacts........................................................................................................30
6.3 Positive Impacts...................................................................................................................31
7. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...33

7.1. Beneficial Impacts of the Project........................................................................................33

7.1.1. Employment opportunities.............................................................................................33
7.1.1.1. Employment opportunities for women and youth…………………………………33
7.1.2. Contribution to the national economic growth..............................................................34
7.1.3. Socio- Economic Benefits.............................................................................................34
7.1.3.2. Local Income Generation and Livelihood Improvemen…………………………..34
7.1.4. Improved Aesthetics and Optimal Use of Land............................................................35
7.2. Potential Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures..........................................35
7.2.1. Pre-construction phase adverse impacts and mitigation measures................................35
The project will own land hence no impact on pre-construction.............................................35
7.2.2. Construction Phase Adverse Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures..............................35
7.2.2.1. Loss of vegetation and wildlife habita…………………………………………….35
7.2.2.2. Erosion of cleared areas……………………………………………………………36
7.2.2.3. Extraction and Use of Building Materials…………………………………………36

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7.2.2.4. Noise Pollution and Vibration......................................................................................37

7.2.2.5. Impact on Air Quality..................................................................................................38
7.2.2.6. Disposal of solid waste.................................................................................................39
7.2.2.7. Soil Erosion and Water Logging..................................................................................40
7.2.2.8. Impact on Landscape Integration and Protection of Natural Resources................41
7.2.2.9 IncreasedWater Demand...............................................................................................41
7.2.2.10. Energy consumption...................................................................................................41
7.2.2.11. Increased Insecurity....................................................................................................42
7.2.2.12. Increased Traffic........................................................................................................43
7.2.2.13. Workers accidents and public safety..........................................................................43
7.2.3 Operational Phase Adverse Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures……………………….44
7.2.3.1 Air emission..................................................................................................................44
7.2.3.2 Soil Erosion...................................................................................................................44
7.2.3.3. Solid Waste..................................................................................................................45
7.2.3.4. Waste Water Generation and its associated pollutant..................................................45
7.2.3.5. Increased Water Demand.............................................................................................46
7.2.3.6. Increased Energy Demand...........................................................................................46
7.2.3.7. Increased traffic............................................................................................................46
7.2.3.8. Increased Risks of HIV/AIDS......................................................................................47
7.2.4. Decommissioning Phase Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures…………………………48
7.2.4.1. Noise and Vibration.....................................................................................................48
7.2.4.2. Air Pollution.................................................................................................................48
7.2.4.3 Solid waste generation..................................................................................................48
7.2.4.4. Health and safety..........................................................................................................49
7.2.4.5. Cumulative of impacts on environment.......................................................................49
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT &MONITORING PLAN……………………………30

8.1. Environmental Management Plan…………………………………………………………...30

8.1.2. Air Quality management plan……………………………………………………………30
8.1.3. Noise & Vibration management plan……………………………………………………51
8.1.4. Waste and management plan…………………………………………………………….51

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8.1.5. Vegetation restoration plan............................................................................................52

8.1.6. Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan......................................................52
8.1.7. Emergency Preparedness, Response management and contingency Plan.....................53
8.1.8. Labor and Working Conditions management plan........................................................53
8.1.10. Capacity Building /Training........................................................................................55
8.1.11. Environmental unit Plan..............................................................................................56
8.1.12. Corporate social responsibility (CSR).........................................................................57
8.1.13. Revision of Environmental Management Plan............................................................57
8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan...........................................................................................62
8.2.1Institutional Framework for Monitoring, Reporting and Supervision.............................68
8.3. Budget for Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan...........................................68
9. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................69

9.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................69
10.2 Recommendations..............................................................................................................69
References....................................................................................................................................71

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List of Tables
Table 1: Limit Values for Discharges to Water sources ------------------------------------------16
Table 2: Limit Values for Emissions to Air--------------------------------------------------------- 17
Table 3: Limit Values for Noise level----------------------------------------------------------------17
Table 4: Assessment Criteria for Significant Impacts ---------------------------------------------29
Table 5: Potential Environmental and Socio Impacts ---------------------------------------------30
Table 6; Positive Impacts of the Proposed Development and Justification---------------------31
Table 7: Environmental and Social Management Plan--------------------------------------------59
Table 8: Environmental Monitoring plan------------------------------------------------------------67

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List of Acronyms
AAWSA Addis Ababa water and sewerage authority
CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
EFCCC Environment, Forest and Climate change commission
EHS Environmental, Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPA’s Environmental Impact Assessment
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
ETB Ethiopian Birr, the National Currency
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Ha Hectare
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
CSA Central Statistical Authority
IEC Information Education and Communication
STI Sexually Transmitted Infections
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
MER Main Ethiopian Rift
DGs Diesel Generators
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter

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NOMENCLATURE OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CO Carbon Monoxide
PM Particulate Matter
SO2 Sulfur Dioxide
TSP Total Suspended Particles
O3 Ozone

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Executive Summary

This Partial Environmental and social impact assessment (PESIA) study of proposed “from kindergarten
to Primary School construction” has been conducted by Consultancy. The Project is being proposed by
Jara Abebe.

The proposed building construction project is supposed to build standardized and high-quality
kindergarten and primary school education at an affordable fee for the children of the community in
Oromia regional state, Sheger City, Galan Guda Sub- City on 2529m 2of land with an investment capital of
ETB 5,000,400 mil Eth. Birr.The project supposed to create job opportunities for about 31 peoples will
be employed permanently in the project.

The project is expected to commence as soon as all the approval requirements are meet and done through
the various relevant line organizations and institutions which include the PESIA approval process by
Sheger City, Galan Guda Sub- City Environmental protection authority.

This ESIA assessment has been made in conformity with the requirements of Ethiopian Environmental
Protection Act No.299/2002and as well as Oromia Regional State Environmental Impact Assessment
Proclamation No 176/2012 guidelines are not available. Laws, Policies and institutions pertain to the
project under the study have been considered for the purpose of identifying potential project constraints,
and establishing background for realistic and sensitive recommendations.

The fundamental objective of the assessment is to ensure that, the proposed project is environmentally
sound and contributes to the development of environmental assets. It is also expected to provide a means
whereby the overall environmental performance of the project can be enhanced. Accordingly, the study
team collected and review published national and regional policies, legislatives, regulations and guidelines
as well as international conventions and protocols ratified by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
(FDRE), Central Statistical Authority (CSA) Census Reports and documents. Secondary data on
biophysical and socioeconomic environments collected from different sources. Impacts identified using
checklist and illustrated in matrix form.

The ESIA discusses major environmental and social issues and constraints that can arise from the project
implementation. The following are some of the findings identified by the team.

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The major positive impacts of the proposed project are mainly: employment opportunities with
special emphasis on women and youth, contribution to the national economic growth, local income
generation and livelihood improvement, improved aesthetics and optimal use of land.

The major adverse impacts are: the significant potential adverse impacts of the proposed project
identified are: noise and vibrations, air pollution, health and safety risks, deep trenching/ excavation risks,
soil erosion and water logging, waste generation, increased traffic, increased water and energy demand.

The above mentioned impacts will be effectively managed and where possible eliminated through:
minimization of erosion from cleared areas, efficient sourcing and use of raw materials, minimization of
surface and groundwater contamination, minimization of risks of accidents and injuries to workers,
minimization of noise and vibrations, air pollution, minimization of health and safety risks, minimization
of excavation risks, solid waste management, wastewater management and landscape management.

The study has also proposed an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) to address
the management of the identified environmental issues associated with the project. To this effect, a budget
of ETB 300,000.00 has been proposed to implement EMP and monitoring in consent with the project
proponent as well the project proponent required to allocate at least 2% of the total area of land for green
area development. Indeed, there is a need that, the project proponent undertakes the overall responsibility
for compliance with the environmental management plan (EMP).

Based on the findings of the environmental assessment, it is reasonable to conclude that the environmental
impacts of establishment of school construction in the proposed area will be minor, of low magnitude, low
intensity and low sensitivity; they would be duly mitigated by incorporating the suggested measures.
Implementing the environmental management plan (EMP), which forms an integral part of the ESIA
process, will ensure the environmental compliance of the project under the study.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. General background of the promoter and the project

In its creation and use, the built environment consumes inordinate quantities of resources. Additional
issues of grave concern are the impacts of industrial emissions and wastes on the aspects of the
environment which society wishes to protect and conserve. The main focus of improvement efforts are the
building assessment and rating systems of the green building movement which have yielded considerable
success. Energy and water Consumption has been reduced considerably. However, these efforts are
informed by Perceptions rather than scientific facts. Materials selection has remained a particularly
difficult and contentious issue. For instance, the use of wood from well-managed forests reduces the
consumption of non-renewable resources but the fertilizers‟, pesticides and herbicides used in crop
production processes contain heavy metals which may end up in the food chain. Current approaches also
encourage problem shifting. For instance, construction is one of the largest users of energy, raw materials
and water. However, energy efficiency and water conservation are prioritized on the green agenda while
the key environmental impacts associated with materials use, namely, depletion of resources; and releases
of solid and liquid wastes and toxic emissions to air are barely addressed. In dynamic socio economic
environment, like the one currently exist in Ethiopia, the development of industry and supportive
manufacturing sector has a great role to make the overall economic growth to be persistent . The promoter
takes initiatives to contribute to the existing educational facilities in Sheger City, Galan Guda Sub- City
Gelan Guda Woreda. The increasing demand for quality education at PrimarySchool level in the Sheger
City, Galan Guda Sub- City Gelan Guda Woreda enhance the demand and laid down a firm basis for this
project to be implemented in the town.

1.2 Objectives of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment study

This environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) study was conducted according to legal
requirements of the ESIA proclamation of the government of the Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia, proclamation No.299/2002&as well as Oromia Regional State Environmental Impact
Assessment Proclamation No 176/2012. Accordingly, the proponent of the project has commissioned the
local consultant Consultancy & Training to undertake the environmental and social impact assessment
study of training center project, so that the team be able to identify adverse environmental impacts likely

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to be arise from the use of construction materials, waste management, occupational safety and health
issues and environmental management systems employed by the firm through its project life time.

As per the requirement of ESIA study, the assigned team of experts carried out ESIA for the project under
consideration. The report contains findings of ESIA carried out as integral part of the assignment.

The fundamental objective of the environmental & social impact assessment is to ensure that the proposed
school construction is environmentally sound and socially acceptable, and hence contributes to the
development of environmental and social functions of local communities. It is also expected to provide a
means whereby the overall environmental performance and social benefits of the project can be enhanced
through:

 Identification of sensitive environmental components likely to be affected by the proposed

construction.
 Defining positive social and economic benefits local communities can derive from the proposed
project implementation.
 Identification, prediction and synthesis of the potential environmental impacts associated with the
project implementation and.
 Designing subsequent operation, and preparation of plans and recommendations regarding
measures that will minimize adverse impact and enhance beneficial impacts.

1.2.1 Specific objectives of the ESIA study of Primary School

ESIA is conducted in order to identify and assess the likely environmental and social impacts of a
proposed project, to determine their magnitude and significance, and to define management or mitigation
measures designed to avoid and minimize where possible, or if not, to offset or compensate for adverse
impacts and risks. Specifically, the study includes;

@ To review legal and regulatory requirements of the country and Oromia regional state in particular
@ To assess the environmental baseline such as (soil, water, land, air and solid waste and sanitation)
and social baseline such as (population, livelihoods, education, health, infrastructures) of the
project area.
@ To identify, evaluate and predict the likely impacts both positive and adverse impacts of the
proposed project during preconstruction, during construction, operation phases)

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@ To undertake stakeholder consultation/engagement to gather views and opinions and their

concerns.
@ To propose a feasible and practical mitigation measures for adverse negative impacts and develop
an environmental and social management and monitoring plan.
@ To prepare environmental and social impact statement to be reviewed and approved by relevant
EPA.

1.3 Project Screening

Screening is the processes of determining whether or not a proposal requires ESIA and the level at which
the assessment should occur. To this end, the consultant reviewed the nature of the project and its size,
consumption of natural resources and the impact the proposed project has on soil, water, air and the health
and safety. The consultant screened out by describing the proposed projects activities and its potential
impacts, characteristics of the project location (sensitivity of the area), size and scale, organizational
requirement, Environmental enhancement and monitoring considerations. Finally, the consulting firm
evaluated and concluded that the proposed Project has limited impacts and partial environmental and
social impact assessment (PESIA) was suggested for the proposed project.

1.3. Methodology
1.3.1 ESIA Study Methodology

The methodology adopted for conducting the environmental and social impact assessment study includes
the conventional methods, which are briefly discussed below.
1.3.1.1 Desk review
Relevant existing documents were reviewed with regard to the proposed project. Among the documents
reviewed related studies on urban planning, existing national environmental laws, policies relevant and
proclamations relevant to Oromia regional state environmental policies and guidelines, directives, labor
proclamations, and existing design study of the proposed project. Socioeconomic baseline of Galan Guda
sub city administration was collected and reviewed. The baseline review was also undertaken to realize
the existing biophysical environment, land use land cover change, water supply and its resources, energy,
infrastructural development, employment and others data were collected to get the existing situation of the
city.

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1.3.1.2 Field assessment

The aim of this site visit was to visualize the topography, vegetation coverage of the site, water resource,
soil and settlement condition of the area. The visit helped in obtaining basic data about an actual situation
and existing environmental conditions of the project areas. The site visit included activities, socio-
economic aspects, health, cultural and other values in the project area. Furthermore, the existence of other
manufacturing industries near the project site was assessed that helps in the prediction of theimpacts
during project construction. During the site visit, the study team of Urji Development Consultancy and
Training Service PLC identified different areas of attention such as
@ Erosion and dust emission from the project site.
@ Solid waste generation from over burden removal and land clearance or removal of existing houses
on the project site.
@ Noise from excavation, crushing, concrete mixing and stone crushing
@ Impact public utility (such as electric line and transformer, drinking water supply pipe, telecom
line).
@ Occupational health and safety from crushing, accident, fall, and machine operation, etc.
1.3.2. Collection of available information
The consulting team composed of different discipline has collected and reviewed published national and/
regional policies, legislatives, regulations and guidelines as well as international conventions and
protocols ratified by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), Central Statistical Authority
(CSA) census reports and documents. The existing Environmental data were also gathered from the
feasibility study of the project. Data collection on site was done using different tools and techniques
including the preparation of check lists and matrices appropriate for the project.
1.3.3. Field visits
The site visit was made to assess the baseline environmental conditions of the proposed project, factors
influencing the area and to identify sensitive environmental components that are likely to be significantly
affected by the proposed project. During the field investigation, information on physical and biological
resources, socio-economic as well as socio-cultural profile data has been collected.

1.3.4. Consultation with the public and relevant organizations

The study team discussed with Sheger City,Galan Guda Sub- City environmental protection authority to
catch background information significant to impact assessment and environment management and to
identify any areas of specific concern which need to be addressed by the owners. Consultations made

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aimed at providing relevant information about the company; discussion on the possible adverse and
beneficial effects of the project to the stakeholders and to collect recommendation on ways of tackling the
perceived adverse effects and maximizing the benefits of the project. During field assessment the
consulting team did not found community near by the proposed project, because the area demarcated as
industrial zone. As a result, the experts not conducted community consultation in consultation with the
Sheger City, Galan Guda Sub- City environmental protection authority.

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2 SCOPING

Scoping of Partial Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (PESIA), describes what needs to be
examined. Potential environmental and social issues have been evaluated as part of the scoping exercise in
order to determine whether they are likely to give rise to significant risks and impacts and, therefore, the
extent to which they should be included in the PESIA. It is the stage where the definition of the scope of
the ESI studies, significant effects and elements to be taken into account, involvement of possibly
impacted groups, consideration of reasonable alternatives. The consultant identified impacts of the
Primary School project. Based on an understanding of the design and location of the Project and the local
and regional environmental issues that are likely to be relevant, consultancy service has identified and
reviewed those issues that may be material considerations. These have been “scoped in” to this PESIA and
will form the technical scope of the PESIA. Some impacts have been “scoped out” of the PESIA and will
not be investigated further.

Generally, the scope of this ESMP covers:

 Determining nature of liquid wastes, its adverse impacts and management option during the
production of juices from fruit and vegetables processing factory plant;
 Defining nature and characteristics of solid wastes, its negative impacts and management plan;
 Characterizing and defining other environmental impacts generated due to the Juice production on
soil, air quality, and mitigation measures as well as management option;
 Identifying offensive odor and noise impacts during Juice production and design its management
plan;
 Identifying employees and public health safety risks in fruit and vegetables processing factory
operations and put in place its management plan options;
 Designing effluent impacts mitigation measures and management contingency plan.

2.2. Limitation of the study area

The environmental and social impact assessment study has been conducted for those areas that would be
influenced by the implementation of the project. The project site covers area of 3874m2of land and its
surrounding area, are considered as the study area of the project. Therefore, the study area covers 3874m 2
of land and its surroundings of biophysical and socio-economic components found within this radius.

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2.3. Valued Ecosystem Component (VEC) to be affected by the Proposed Project

The Primary School project is to be constructed in Sheger city, Galan Guda subcity Gelan Guda Woreda
has not as such significant impacts on valued ecosystem component is the project is at the near of the city.
Therefore, there are no valued ecosystem components to be affected by the project. The area is also flat
and less prone to erosion. However, the raw material extraction site may have impacts on flora and faunas
of the area that resulted from disturbing their habitat by removing plants as well as noise nuisance that
affects wild animals including birds.

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3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

This section presents the national policy and regulations applicable to the project under the assessment.
3.1. Policy and Legislative Framework
The ESIA study for school construction is carried out within the framework of the local and national
environmental regulation and guidelines. Ethiopia adopted its Constitution in 1995, which provides the
basic and comprehensive principles and guidelines for environmental protection, and management in the
country. The FDRE consists of the Federal State and Regional States. Proclamations 33/ 1992, 41/1993
and 4/ 1995 defined the duties and responsibilities of the Regional States which include planning,
directing and developing social and economic development programs as well as protection of natural
resources. Accordingly, the legislative frameworks applicable to the proposed project are relevant
proclamations, national environmental guidelines and regulations issued by the Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) and that of Oromia regional state are outlined below.
3.1.1. National Policy& strategy
3.1.1.1. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE, 1997)
This policy provides a number of guiding principles that indicate and require a strong adherence to
sustainable development, and a high commitment to, among other things, the need:
 To ensure that environmental and social impact assessments consider not only physical and
biological impacts but also address social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions;
 To ensure that public and private sector development programs and projects recognize any
environmental impacts early and incorporate their containment into the development design
process;
 To recognize that public consultation is an integral part of ESIA and ensure that ESIA procedures
make provision for both an independent review and public comment before consideration by
decision makers; and
 To ensure that an environmental impact statement always includes mitigation plan for
environmental management problems and contingency plans in case of accidents.
This policy sets the scene for developments and projects within Ethiopia, particularly those of
national significance. The policy underpins the regulatory requirements for ESIA and pollution
control and requires developers to aspire to the highest international standards of environmental
and social management for project development.

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3.1.1.2. Public Health Policy

Ethiopia in general, has a low level of health, even in comparison with other Sub-Saharan countries. This
is largely related to low levels of income and widespread poverty, low levels of education, nutritional
deficiencies, poor environmental conditions, and inadequate access to health services. The government has
therefore assigned a very high priority to significantly improving health care and, in 1998, issued a health
policy based on the following main principles:

 Democratization and decentralization of the health care system.

 Promotion of disease preventive components.
 Ensuring accessibility to health care for the whole population.
 Development of appropriate capacity based on needs assessment.
 Promotion of private sector and NGO participation in the provision of health care.
 Promotion and strengthening of inter-sectorial activities through a national self-reliance program.
The priority areas of the policy are in the field of Information Education and Communication (IEC) of
health to create awareness and behavioral change of the society towards health issues, emphasis on the
control of communicable disease, epidemics, and on diseases that are related to malnutrition and poor
living condition, promotion of occupational health and safety, the development of environmental health,
rehabilitation of health infrastructures, appropriate health service management system, attention to
traditional medicines, carrying out applied health research, provision of essential medicines, and
expansion of frontline and middle level health professionals.
3.1.1.3. Policy on HIV/AIDS of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Government Institution, Non-Government Organizations, religious organizations bilateral and multilateral
agencies, and private sectors, community based Institutions and the community at large shall be mobilized
to support people living with HIV/AIDS and affected family members. Special attention shall be given to
people who are abandoned and helpless.

The right of HIV/AIDS individuals for confidentially in HIV serologic testing and diagnosis shall be
respected. Furthermore, access to employment, education, public facilities and the right to live wherever
they want shall be respected.

3.1.1.4. Conservation strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)

The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE) was launched in 1989. Its aim was, as its name suggests, to
study the natural resources, environmental imperatives and development demands in the country and to
harmonize them. The harmonization process was to be activated through the formulation of an appropriate

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environmental policy, which was it to be translated into action through the development of laws and the
setting of standards on the one hand, and through the development of action plans and their
implementation on the other, as well as through environmental education and awareness-raising. The
Environmental Policy, which impinges on all sectors of development and all sections of society, was
approved in 1997, the laws are being drafted and the standards are being set.

All this was started when the country was at the height of a long civil war, and the project faced many
challenges and has had to adapt its workings to the rapidly-changing political and administrative
conditions. It also faced a serious threat of being derailed by well-meaning but inappropriate external
intervention in the form of aggressive "aid". All these pressures, far from being destructive, helped to
formulate an appropriate Environmental Policy.

3.2. Proclamation and Regulations

3.2.1 The Investment Proclamation No. 769/2012

This proclamation encourages and expansion of investment, especially in the manufacturing sector has
become necessary so as to strengthen the domestic production capacity and there by accelerate the
economic development of the country and improve the living standards of its peoples;, it has become
necessary to enhance and promote the equitable distribution of investments among regions and benefit the
society by ensuring competitiveness among investments made by investors; it has become essential to put
in place a system of supervision to ensure that permits and incentives granted to investors are used for the
intended purposes; the system of investment needs to be transparent and efficient:, it has been considered
that the establishment of industrial development zones helps by creating enabling and competitive
condition, to interrelate manufacturing sectors based on value interrelate manufacturing sectors based on
value creation as well as to attract and expand investment; to these ends, it has become necessary to revise
the existing law on investment; ,in accordance with Article 55(1)of the constitution of the federal
Democratic republic of Ethiopia, has issued proclamation on :

 Investment objectives and areas of investment

 Forms of investment and capital requirements for foreign investors
 Investment permit
 Registration of technology transfer and collaboration agreements with domestic investors
 Investment incentives, guarantee and protection
 Investment

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 Industrial development zones: Establishment of industrials development zones, of industrial

development zones, regulations Related to industrial development zones
 Loans and utilization of foreign currency
 Employment of Expatriates

3.2.2. Building proclamation (proclamation No 624/2009)

The federal building proclamation sates that before erecting any building a construction permit from
relevant government body is mandatory. Therefore, one cannot simply start the construction of building
plan without securing construction permit.

In addition, the proclamation states that, in cases where danger or serious inconvenience to the public may
ensue from the erection or demolition of a building on any site, theowner shall do all the necessary
preventive works as precautionary measure during construction. Furthermore, where construction
materials or residues thereof are accumulated around a construction site, the owner of the construction site
should remove within the specified time as instructed by urban official.

Regarding dry waste, the proclamation states that any building in which refuse is generated has to provide
with an adequate storage area for refuse collection. The proclamation clearly showed that failure to abide
by the rules and regulation during construction process could bring civil liability to the bleacher.

3.2.3. Public health-proclamation (proc. No 200/2000)

In addition to the occupational health and safety measures and precautions indicated in the labor laws, this
public health proclamation underscores the need for avoiding machineries or instruments that can generate
excessive noise or minimizing the effects by the use of noise reducing apparatus or instrument. In
addition, the proclamation prohibits:

 The discharge of untreated liquid waste generated from septic tanks, seepage pits and industries
into water bodies, or water convergences.
 The disposal of solid, liquid or any waste in a manner, which contaminates the environmental or
affects the health of the society.

3.2.4. Labor Proclamation in Ethiopia No. 1156-2019

The Labor Proclamation (which was revised in 2019) provides ‘the basic principles which govern labor
conditions taking into account the political, economic and social policies of the Government, and in
conformity with the international conventions and other legal commitments to which Ethiopia is a party

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with a view to translating into practice the objectives referred to above’. In Part Seven, Chapter One,
Article 92 of this proclamation (Occupational Safety, Health and Working Environment, Prevention
Measures and Obligations of the Employers), the requirements in terms of the protection of workforce
health and safety is clearly stipulated. The proclamation requires an employer to take the necessary
measures to adequately safeguard the health and safety of the workers. Workforce health and safety is an
important aspect considered for identifying the potential environmental, health and safety issues that can
arise from the project.

3.2.5. Proclamation No 197/2000, Ethiopian Water Resources Management

Article 11 of this proclamation states that without prejudice to the exceptions specified under Article 16 of
this Proclamation, no person shall perform the following activities without having obtained a permit from
the Supervising body (Ministry of water and Energy or delegated bodies): construct waterworks; supply
water, whether for his own use or for others; transfer water which he/she abstracted from a water resource
or received from another supplier; and release or discharge waste into water resources unless otherwise
provided for in the regulations to be issued for the implementation of this Proclamation. Any person shall
be required to discuss his/her proposal with the supervising body prior to applying\ for a permit for the
purposes specified in Sub-Article (I) of this Article. Article 16 states any person shall utilize water
resources for the following purposes without holding a permit issued by the Supervising body: dig water
wells by hand or use water from hand-dug wells; use water for traditional irrigation, artisanal and for
traditional animal rearing, as well as for water mills.

3.2.6. Environmental Proclamation Laws and Regulations

The proclamation establishes a system that enables coordinated but differentiated responsibilities among
environmental protection agencies at Federal and Regional levels. The proclamation stipulates the need
for the establishment of Sectorial and Regional Environmental Units and Agencies. The principal
organization responsible for environmental protection is the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA),
which operates at both Federal and Regional levels.

3.2.6.1 Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (Proclamation No. 295/2002)

This law clarifies the institutional mandate and responsibilities of the Environmental Protection Authority
(EPA) and aims to integrate environmental considerations into the policies and decision-making of
sectorial agencies through such means as the establishment of environmental units in these agencies at the
federal level and the creation of independent environmental agencies at the regional level. This law also
re-established the Environmental Protection Council, a cross-sectional co-coordinating body that advises

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the federal EPA and supervises its activities. The mandate of the Council includes: (i) reviewing
environmental policies, strategies and laws proposed by the EPA and issuing recommendations to
government; (ii) providing appropriate advice on the implementation of the Environmental Protection
Policy of Ethiopia; and (iii) reviewing and approving directives, guidelines, and environmental standards
prepared by the EPA.

3.2.6.2. Environmental and social impact assessment (Proclamation No. 299/2002)

This Proclamation aims primarily at making the ESIA mandatory for categories of projects specified
under a directive issued by the EPA. The law specifies projects and activities that will require an
environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA). The proponent of the project must prepare the ESIA
following the format specified in the legislation. The EPA will then review the ESIA and either approve
the project (with or without conditions) or reject it. Under this legislation, the EPA has to prepare
procedures, regulations, environmental guidelines and standards for the ESIA. Environmental guidelines
are among the tools for facilitating the consideration of environmental issues and principles of sustainable
development and their inclusion in development proposals. This Proclamation requires, among other
things: Specified categories of projects to be subjected to an ESIA and receive an authorization from the
EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency prior to commencing implementation of the project;
Licensing agencies to ensure that the requisite authorization has been duly received prior to issuing an
investment permit, a trade or operating license or a work permit to a business organization;

The EPA or the relevant regional environmental agencies may issue an exemption from carrying out an
ESIA in projects with an insignificant environmental impact; A licensing agency may suspend or cancel a
licence that has already been issued where the EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency
suspends or cancels environmental authorization; Procedures that need to be followed in the process of
conducting an environmental and social impact assessment are described in the Proclamation. Thus a
project developer is expected to act as follows: Undertake a timely environmental and social impact
assessment, identifying the likely adverse impacts, incorporating the means of their prevention, and
submitting the environmental impact study report accompanied by the necessary documents to the EPA or
the relevant regional environmental agency. Ensure that an environmental and social impact assessment is
conducted and an environmental impact study report is prepared by an expert who meets the requirements
set forth by the directive issued by the EPA. Submit an environmental impact study report to the EPA or
the relevant regional environmental agency for review.

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3.2.6.3Oromiya National Regional State Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation

No.176/2012
The Oromia regional state has adopted the Federal Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment
after it customized it to the regional realities. The Oromia region version of the proclamations is called
‘Oromia National Regional State Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 176/2012’. In
addition to the proclamations, the Land Administration and Environmental Protection Bureau (LAEPB) of
Oromia are preparing detailed regulations on EIA. The Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation
No. 176/2012 of the region clearly stipulates the requirement for environmental assessment by stating that
“no person shall commence implementation of a project that requires environmental impact assessment
without the authorization from the Bureau”. The enforcement of this requirement for environmental
assessment is spearheaded by LEPB and its branch offices at Zonal, City and Woreda levels. According to
the regional proclamation, the environmental impact study report is required to contain sufficient and
accurate information that would enable the bureau to give its decision. This implies that the EIA report is
expected to contain all necessary information that is relevant to the project site, nature and characteristics
of the proposed project, technology and its application process, direct and indirect impacts, cumulative
impacts and etc. The regional proclamation also stipulates that LEPB “shall ensure the inclusion of the
opinion of the public, particularly of the affected community in environmental impact assessment study
and their participation while review of the EIA is made”. The LEPB is required by the law to review the
EIA study report submitted to it within ten days and issue the authorization letter if satisfied with the
report within the stated time limit.

3.2.6.4. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No. 300/2002

This Proclamation states "No Person or establishment shall pollute or cause any other person to pollute the
environment by violating the relevant environmental standards.” Environmental standards specified in the
proclamation include: Standards for the discharge of effluents into water bodies and sewage systems; Air
quality standards that specify the ambient air quality and give the allowable amounts of emission for both
stationary and mobile air pollution sources; Standards for the types and amounts of substances that can be
applied to the soil or be disposed of on or in it; Standards for noise providing for the maximum allowable
noise level taking into account the settlement patterns and the availability of scientific and technological
capacity in the county; and Waste management standards specifying the levels allowed and the methods to
be used in the generation, handling, storage, treatment, transport and disposal of the various types of
waste.

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3.2.6.5. Solid Waste Management Proclamation No. 513/2007

The solid waste management proclamation stipulates, among others, that each region or unit shall set its
own schedule, and based on that, prepare its solid waste management plan and report implementation. It
further spells out that each unit shall ensure that measures are taken to prevent pollution from mishandling
of solid wastes. Similarly, existing institutional arrangements overseeing the environmental performance
of the industry were summarized. A waste management plan will be prepared during the detailed design
stage of the project to mitigate the impacts through reduction in the use of consumable items, recycling of
materials, and disposal of hazardous wastes at certified locations.

3.2.7. Regulations Pertaining to the Standards

3.2.7.1 Effluent Standards

Ethiopia has no national standard on effluent, but the provisional standard which is prepared by Ethiopia
EPA in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) issued in 2003
used for benchmarking purposes These draft guidelines require the facility to meet certain basic water
quality standards for trade effluent including sewage as shown in below table.
Table 1: Limit Values for Discharges to Water sources
Parameter Limit Value
PH 6–9
Temperature 40°C
0
BOD5 at 20 C 30 mg/l
COD 230 mg/l
Total phosphorus (as P) 10 mg/l
Suspended solids 100 mg/l
Total dissolved solids (TDS) 3000 mg/l
Total ammonia (as N) 30 mg/l
Ammonia (as free ammonia) 5 mg/l
Nitrate (as N) 20 mg/l
Dissolved phosphorus (as P) 5 mg/l
Total phosphate (as P) 10 mg/l
Fats, oils and grease 20 mg/l
During the detailed design stage of the project, facility requirements will be finalized and will require use
of sewage systems that conform to international standards and criteria for the protection of potable water
sources downstream.
3.2.7.2 Noise Standards
Ethiopia has no national standard on noise, but the provisional standard which is prepared by Ethiopia
EPA in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) issued in 2003
used for benchmarking purposes. The guideline for daytime perimeter noise is 55 decibels (DBA).

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Table 3 provides noise standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia.

Table 2: Limit Values for Noise level

Limits in DBA
Area Code Category of area
Day time1 Night time2
A Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial area 65 55
C Residential area 55 45
1 Day time reckoned to be between 6.00 am to 9.00 pm
2 Night time reckoned to be between 9.00 pm to 6.00 am

3.2.7.3 Ambient Air Quality Standards

Although Ethiopia has no national legislation for air quality so far, the provisional standard which is
prepared by Ethiopia EPA in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization
(UNIDO) issued in 2003 used for benchmarking purposes along with the draft National air quality
Standards that are in preparation by the EPA.

Table 3: Limit Values for Emissions to Air

Pollutant Units Guideline values

Ethiopian standard WB standard

Particulate Matter PM2.5 µg/Nm3 None 30a

Particulate Matter10 µg/Nm3 130 100

Sulfur dioxide (as SO2) µg/Nm3 1000 400

Nitrous oxide (as NO2) µg/Nm3 2000 600

3.2.8. Relevant International Conventions

International Environmental Conventions & Protocols Ratified by Ethiopia

Ethiopia has ratified the following international conventions on natural resources and environmental
management:

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 The Convention on Biological Diversity;

 The Basel Convention on the Control of Trans boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and
Their Disposal and Basel Ban Amendment;
 The Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Trans boundary
Movement and Management of Hazardous.
 Wastes within Africa;
 The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture;
 The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora;
 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol;
 The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing
Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa;
 The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity;
 The Convention on Migratory Species and the African-Eurasian Water Bird Agreement;
 The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the (0 3) Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer;
 The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous
Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade; and
 The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

At the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, world leaders agreed on a comprehensive strategy for"
sustainable development": meeting our needs while ensuring that we leave healthy and viable world for
future generations. In ratifying the Convention, the Parties have committed themselves to under taking
national and international measures aimed at its achieving three objectives: the conservation of biological
diversity; the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out
of the utilization of genetic resources. Ethiopia has signed the convention on 10 June 1992 and ratified on
5 April 1994 by ratification (Proclamation No. 98/1986). Since the adoption of the Convention, the
country has taken steps to translate.

3.3. Institutional and Administrative Framework

3.3.1. Environment, Forest and Climate change commission (EFCCC)

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In order to sustainably manage the resources of the country, the EFCCC directly accountable to the
council of ministers, was established by proclamation 916/2015. It is the key national level environmental
ministry, with a mandate to address environmental forest and climate change issues.
The EFCCC is involved with the development of environmental policy and legislation, setting standards
for environmental media, monitoring pollution, establishing ESIA for certain types of companies,
environmental information systems (EIS), and undertaking capacity development in relevant agencies to
ensure the integration of environmental management in policy development and decision-making.
It has a broad mandate covering environmental matters at federal level. Some of the powers and duties
are;
 Coordinate measures to ensure that environmental objectives provided under the constitution and
the principles set out in environmental policy are realized’
 Establish a system for environmental and social impact assessment of public and private
companies, as well as social and economic development policies, strategies, laws and regulation.
 Establish a system to evaluate environmental and social impact assessmentsubmitted by their
respective proponent, by the concerned licensing organ, or the concerned regional organ prior to
granting permission for implementation in accordance with environmental and social impact
assessmentproclamation.

3.3.2 Regional, Woreda and city administration Environmental Protection Bureau

The Regional Environmental Protection Bureau has the responsibility to ensure all development projects
or programs are executed in a manner set forth in the EIA requirements.

3.3.3. The federal and regional investment agencies

Both the Federal and Regional Investment Agencies have the responsibility to provide the investment
licences provided that the EIA is taken into account.

3.3.4. Keble Administrations

Administrative structure of the respective Keble is similar all over the country. The Keble administration
is a major decision-making government organ. The Keble administration has the following duties and
responsibilities, among others:
 Implementation of the policies, laws and directives of the state,
 Maintenance of peace and security in the Keble, directing the police and security forces,
 Planning and implementation of projects,
 Supervision of development programs within the Keble

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4. PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS

4.1 Descriptions of Galan Guda Sub City

The proposed project will be located in Sheger City Administration, Galan Guda Sub City Gelan Guda
Woreda.

The main justifications behind the selection of this location are;

 Strategically located to the area where modern education is not sufficiently available
 Relatively advanced development in infrastructure (Power, Water, Telephone internet, road etc.
 All asphalt road to the nearest market outlets
 Conducive investment policy and good governance
 Environmentally fit to school project

The reasons of selecting the location for the proposed project are attributed to: -

 Its proximity to Addis Ababa city administration with good scenery and weather condition,
 Its proximity to serves and facilities like road and transport facilities, and utilities like electric
power, water and telephone line.
 The existing conducive social and investment situations and Increase number of private investment
in the area.
 Its accessibility and ease of future development are some of the reasons behind selecting the area
for the proposed project.

4.2. Project objectives

The main objectives and benefits of the proposed project will be the following: -

 To see well educated, self-reliant, creative, productive, healthy and prosperous society.
 To provide well standardized and high-quality kindergarten and primary school education at an
affordable fee for the children of the community.
 To support improvement in the strategic management of municipal infrastructure assets
and land management system.
 To reduced scarcity of access to school as an outcome and enable the town for the
application of sound, technical, social and economic principles that considers present and future
needs of users, and service.

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 To increase the range and quality of the municipal service and infrastructure.
 To make the town clean, beautiful, green, comfortable and preferable living and working area
where pleasure & healthy life is enjoyed.
 Supporting the implementation of holistic and innovative solution to town service management
and development.

4.3. The raw materials

In under taking the construction works, a number of raw materials will be used. General building
materials, timber, and blocks’ rubber lined pipes and fittings of various diameters will be used. The
majority of the materials will be procured locally. Where local suppliers are not available or where local
products are found to be of inferior quality and specification, the developer will import.

4.4. Construction equipment

Right after the completion of the construction, the additional major work will be to equip the school
with appropriate furniture, equipment, and other materials. This includes combined desks, office
furniture, staff equipment, pedagogical equipment, teaching aid materials, computer, TV set, books,
laboratory etc.

4.5. Component of the proposed school building

Kindergarten: is a form of pre-school education in which children aged three to seven are taught through
creative play, social interaction, and natural expression. Play is a significant aspect of a kindergarten
employing games, songs, specially chosen work materials, and stories to address the needs of small
children. It is aimed at growing children in a free atmosphere away from home. Accordingly, it is
sometimes called “children’s garden”. It serves as a transitional stage from home to the more formal
schooling that followed.

In class, they are introduced to the alphabet, numbers, and colors; they study their bodies, their families,
and their communities; they listen to stories read aloud; they make art projects; they participate in skits
and dramatic productions; and they learn about holidays, plants, animals, and other topics in science and
social studies. Some kindergartens also teach introductory reading and mathematical skills.

In Ethiopia children that will usually attend kindergartens are of age between three and six. The three
years’ program, known as KG, Kindergarten 1 (lower kindergarten – LKG) and Kindergarten 2 (upper
kindergarten – UKG) prepares children for their first year in primary school education.

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Primary education and above: According to the new structure of Ethiopian education system, primary
education lasts for eight years (age group 6-14) and is divided into two cycles: basic education (Grades 1 -
4) and general education (Grades 5 - 8). Junior secondary schools no longer exist, as Grades 7 and 8 have
become the two upper classes of the second cycle of primary education.

4.6. Utilities

Electricity: The proposed project has various options for its sources of electric power and these are
reviewed in contrast to the preferred options. These options are: public electric power line, installation of
diesel generator and using the solar energy. The building utilizes the public electric power line. It is also
expected that a generator(s) will be installed to complement the public electric power line during
construction. The necessary guidelines and precautionary measures relating to the use of electricity shall
be adhered to.

Water utility: The main options that exist for water use is: Sheger City, Galan Guda Sub- Citywater
supplies main line, borehole or water pulling, and rainwater harvesting. The former option has the
advantages of ensuring consistent supply while placing pressure on public water demand, the second and
third options are preferred options as it promotes wise use of water that ensures effective usage and
conservation of water. The disadvantage of this option is that, it will involve the construction of extra
facilities and consequently extra costs.

4.7. Analysis of alternative construction materials and technology

The buildings will be constructed using modern, locally and internationally accepted materials to achieve
public health, safety, security and environmental aesthetic requirements. Equipment and materials that
save energy and water will be given first priority without compromising on cost or availability factors.
The concrete pillars and walls will be made using locally sourced stones, cement, sand, metal bars and
fittings that meet the Ethiopian construction standards and requirements.

Alternative for the materials that will be used in the project involve using locally procured materials with
the exception of not using timber and the second option involves primarily importing materials and the 3 rd
option is using timber. The former alternative is preferred option since it will ensure the project
contributes to the national economy by creating business opportunities for the suppliers of these materials
while conserving the environment by ensuring the most environmentally friendly suppliers are contracted.
The 3rd option is not to use timber; Heavy use of timber during construction is discouraged because of
destruction of forests. Nevertheless, the indigenous species would be preferred to foreign species in the

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construction where need arises.

Regarding roofing, beautiful and durable clay tiles will be used because they are good in heat insulation as
compared to the iron sheet roofs. This will ensure that the rainwater harvested will be used in gardening
and other purposes.

4.8. Domestic waste water management alternatives

Four suitable technologies are discussed below:

Alternative one: Use of septic tanks; this involves the construction of underground concrete-made tanks
to store the sludge with soak pits. It is not expensive to construct however regular empting in large
discharge points like the large scale building development is required. Given the kind of liquid waste
emanating from the proposed project this option is preferred.

Alternative two: Connection to the sewer system: Connection to an existing main sewer line will solve
the waste water management issue at a very minimal cost and in an environmental efficient manner.
Currently this option is not available; there for the proposed project cannot use this option right away.

Alternative three: Construction of a treatment plant: This involves the construction of a treatment
plant, a network of pant effluent drains, aeration pits, tanks etc., It is very expensive to construct and not
suitable for the domestic waste water to be generated from the building and in a town setup, as it can
cause a nuisance of bad odor to tenants near the plant and are usually neglected after a few years leading
to breakdowns and malfunctions which may also lead to other environmental problems such as emission
of raw effluent to the environment. This option is therefore not suitable.

Alternative four: Use of Bio-digester: Bio digester is an on-site sanitation unit, that utilizes anaerobic
technology for the disposal of toilet (black) wastewater as well as of kitchen and bathroom (grey) water, in
a closed system. This is a sanitation technology, which treats wastewater in an environmentally friendly
manner, facilitating its use for gardening or its return to water bodies without polluting them. The process
also generates organic fertilizer and biogas (a form of fuel) by allowing naturally occurring bacteria to
break down solid waste. From the analysis and economic as well as environmental considerations the use
of bio digester system is a viable option for the proponent to adopt in order to supplement connection to
the sewer system.

4.9. Solid Waste Management Alternatives

A lot of solid wastes will be generated from the proposed project. An integrated solid waste management

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system is recommendable. First, the proponent needs to give priority to reduction of materials at source.
This option demands solid waste management awareness works to project staff. Secondly, recycling,
reuse of the waste will be the second alternative in priority. This will call for a source separation
programmed to be put in place. The waste will be sold to waste buyers within the surrounding area or be
collected by a private waste management company. The third priority in the hierarchy of options is
combustion of the waste that is not recyclable. Finally, sanitary land filling will be the last option for the
Proponent during construction as well as for the occupants of the project.

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5. DESCRIPTION OF BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

5.1 Physical Environment

5.1.1 Geology and Soil

Geology

The geological setting of the study area is generally classified in to two major groups; namely, Tertiary
Volcanic and Quaternary units. The classification is based on age of eruptions, special distribution, and
mode of occurrence. Tertiary Plateau Basalts are part of the Trap-Series volcanic products consisting huge
accumulation of basaltic rocks with minor silica intercalations, whereas the Quaternary Rift Volcanic and
sediments comprise variety of rock units (both acidic and basic) associated to the formation of the Main
Rift System during the Quaternary Period.

Soil
The soils of the project area, as reported in OUPI (2008), are basically derived from Mesozoic
sedimentary and Cenozoic volcanic rocks; the major soil types are Chromic and Pellic Vertisols (76.1%)
and Chromic and Orthic Luvisols (23.9%).

5.1.2 Topography and climatic condition

Galan Guda Sub City has favorable and highly moderated climatic condition. It has an altitudinal range of
2060 to 2667 meters above mean sea level. The Northern part of the town is characterized by 26 mountain
ranges land form having an altitude lying between 2060 to 2667 meters above mean sea level. However,
the southern part of the town lies between 2060 to 2120 meters above mean sea level, showing that it is
the lowest elevated part. As a result of this, vast area of Galan Guda Sub City is considered as flat and
intermediate plateau that are highly recommended for expansion. Climatically, the town is classified
within temperate (locally named Badda daree/ Weynadega) zone that has the same general
climatologically characteristics as that of Addis Ababa. The majority of rainfall in the area is obtained
during the Ethiopian Summer time i.e. June, July, August and September which covers 76.4% of the total
annual rain fall. The minimum rain fall records are in the months of December, January, and February
with other short rain during March and April. The average annual rain fall varies between 783.6 to 1422.7
mm. The temperatures of Galan Guda area lays in the temperate (Badda daree/ Weynadega) climatic zone
with a temperature range of 12.67c to 24.40c.

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5.2 Biological Environment

The town is posited within the range of the Afromontane forest and the tepid-humid mid highland agro-
ecological zone. Elements of the natural vegetation are merely noticeable from the limited remnant trees
of Ficus spp. and Oleaeuropaea ssp. cuspidata left for shade, on fences and in some secluded places.
Eucalyptus trees/plantations are observed on hilly areas, in open spaces and in homestead compounds.
Sparsely scattered naturally growing vegetation consisting of shrubs, bushes, woody riverine species are
found along with planted trees and protected government and community forests in the Galan Guda Sub
City. No significant large animals are observed in the area for many years. As it depends on trees, the
recent wood manufacturing development has effect on the plants and animals directly or indirectly.

5.3 Socio economic characteristics of the Sub city.

Galan Guda Sub City is a home for almost all Nations and Nationalities in the country, and the Oromo
ethnic groups are the majority as a whole. Most of the residents of the town engaged in different trade
activities and others were employed in different governmental organizations and factories. Agriculture is
also another economic activity in the per-urban area of the town.

5.3.1 Urban Infrastructure

As part of the government’s ambitious plan to achieve ‘middle-income country’ status by 2025, Galan
Guda has been benefited from huge investments over the past decade. Massive urban renewal and
redevelopment projects are underway across the town to improve its competitiveness as a business
location, to tackle the huge backlog in affordable housing and basic service delivery through accelerated
investment in infrastructure and public housing programs. As a result of these state interventions, Galan
Guda Sub City has experienced tremendous economic dynamism, attracting both domestic and foreign
investments that generate job creation and other economic opportunities. Despite the actual and symbolic
significance of the ongoing urbanization that is significantly changing both the spatial and economic
landscapes of Galan Guda Sub City, reliable empirical data is lacking. Consequently, it is not always
possible to understand and quantify the drivers of recent growth and transformation of the town and their
socio-economic, environmental and social impacts.

5.3.2 Unemployment and Social Vulnerability

There are high levels of poverty, unemployment, and social vulnerability in Galan Guda Sub City. Some
of the population of the town is living below the poverty line and some of households in Galan Guda Sub
City have an unemployed adult (higher than the national urban average of 15%). Moreover, current

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programs that provide support to poor and vulnerable households are not effectively targeted, have low
coverage, are fragmented, and largely focus on categories of vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and
disabled (many of which are disabled due to occupational hazard). In addition to the daily stress that this
presents for individuals, the cumulative impact among segments of society could reverse gains made on
the inclusive growth agenda and result in social unrest.

5.3.3 Health Condition of the town

The intimate linkage between health and education has been firmly established in a number of studies,
which taken collectively, offer some ideas about how education and health could potentially reinforce
each other towards the rapid socio-economic development of the country. Epidemiological and health
service research in Ethiopia has shown that illiteracy is usually associated with high health risks and low
health seeking behavior. Ethiopia is addressing major challenges in the health sector, including lack of
human resources for health (HRH) and low utilization of health services, through its innovative Health
Extension Programmed (HEP), accelerated midwifery training, Integrated Emergency Surgery and
Obstetrics (IESO) task shifting, and scaling up family planning (FP). The HEP trains health extension
workers (HEWs) to deliver a basic package of preventive and a few curative health services, including
maternal and child health services, in urban, rural and pastoral areas. The HEP has trained and deployed
over 30 000 health workers and approximately 16 000 health posts and 3000 health centers have been
constructed to increase access to essential services in Ethiopia.
Despite major strides to improve the health of the population in the last one and half decades, Ethiopia’s
population still face a high rate of morbidity and mortality and the health status remains relatively poor.
The major health problems of the country are largely preventable communicable diseases and nutritional
disorders. More than 90% of child deaths are due to pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, neonatal problems,
malnutrition and HIV/AIDS, and often as a combination of these conditions. The major supply side
constraints affecting maternal health are shortages of skilled midwives, weak referral system at health
center levels. On the demand side, cultural and societal norms, distances to functioning health centers and
financial barriers were the major constraints.
However, as Galan Guda Sub City is very close to the capital city of the country, the health coverage/
health facility as well as health professionals are far better than other towns of the country. There are
great number of private health centers including higher hospitals, higher clinics in the town.

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5.3.4 Education Condition of the town

Education is a tool to eradicate poverty and bring technological advancement for the nation. When we
come to the educational situation of the town, Galan Guda Sub City is better in education coverage as well
as the quality as it is found in the center of the country comparing with other areas of the countries. There
are investments on education by private companies’ and individuals. At the same time children can get
access to school at the shortest distance that makes the educational status of the town to be in a better
condition.

5.3.5 Transportation and Environment

As Galan Guda Sub City lacks adequate transportation and since the town’s has yet to offer affordable
mass transportation, the use of private cars in general and gasoline-based public transportation in
particular affects the town’s ecosystems. According to Benjamin son et al., (2012) the average age of 17
years of vehicles on the town’s streets explains the high number of inefficiently functioning motor vehicle
engines that are major contributors to Galan Guda Sub City’s air pollution. What makes the air pollution
situation even worse is Galan Guda Sub City’s topography: a valley surrounded by mountain peaks that
trap the air and aggravates the problem.
The pollution problem in Galan Guda Sub City is exacerbated by a lack of adequate and environment
friendly mass mobility services. Although the Addis Ababa city has introduced its first electrified light rail
transit system, it is not extended to Galan Guda Sub City and it is not known whether further extension of
this system to Galan Guda Sub City is financially feasible. The gap left by the inadequate public transport
system is met by private minibus operators. These minibus taxis are often overcrowded and unsafe, and
contribute to the growing traffic congestion in the town. However, the Galan Guda Sub City
administration is undertaking measures to mitigate the emission of CO2 under the umbrella of its CRGE
strategy. The initiative is primarily aimed at tackling transport-related emissions.

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6. IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS

6.1 Basis of Identification of Impacts

In order to accurately identify the environmental impacts, the following environmental issues were
considered pertinent and important as per the Terms of Reference.

6.1.1 Physical Environment (Biophysical Impacts)

 Soil conditions, soil contamination and landscape alterations/degradation (based on aesthetic

aspects) associated with the proposed project
 Water quality aspects for both surface water sources like piped water, storm water, and other
related aspects
 Drainage patterns especially in relation to wastewater effluents
 Air quality aspects especially atmospheric emissions and related discharges from machinery like
diesel run equipment etc.
 Noise and vibrations where applicable

6.1.2 Natural Environment

 Flora and fauna from the adjacent ecosystem (i.e. effects to natural plants and animals where
applicable).
 River pollution indicators, impacts on water flow patterns and quality aspects, user interference
and contamination.
 Topography: effects on soil and landscape.

6.1.3 Social welfare, Economic and Cultural Environment

 Determination of implications to the human society the local society applicable.

 Notable changes in land use systems and the general land utilization types
 Aesthetic, landscape alterations and changes to infrastructural facilities, among others.
 Effects associated with the construction and operation activities and related handling and disposal
of wastes generated during the operations.
 Effects associated with income generation opportunities created by the project due to the upcoming
operations.

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6.2 Description of the Existing and Anticipated Impacts

6.2.1 Existing impacts

During field study, it has been observed that there have no existing impacts on the project area which it is
aroused from anthropogenic or natural phenomenon. Regarding, the Baseline Environmental condition
pertaining to the project, it has both bio-physical and socio-cultural aspects. The socio-economic baseline
survey revealed that, there is no human settlement and significant natural resources to be affected as a
result of the project.

6.2.2 Anticipated impacts

The anticipated impacts of the proposed project on the environmental elements are both positive and
negative. The magnitude of each impact is described in terms of being significant, minor or permanent,
short-term or long term, specific (localized) or widespread, reversible or irreversible. The table below
shows the assessment criteria for the significant impacts.
Table4: Assessment Criteria for Significant Impacts
Key Type of impact Key Type of impact
++ Major positive impact. + Minor negative impact
-- Major negative impact - Minor negative impact
0 Negligible/Zero impact NC No change
Sp Specific/Localized impact W Widespread impacts
R Reversible impacts IR Irreversible impacts
Sh Short term impacts L Long term impacts
T Temporary impacts P Permanent impacts

On the basis of information gathered during the desktop and field study, the potential environmental
impacts of the proposed project are tabulated below:

Table5: Potential Environmental and Socio Impacts

Impacts on Constr Occupation Remarks
Or due to uction
Noise - 0  During construction, hooting of construction vehicles and
Pollution communication by workers may generate relative noise and
vibration that may have some negative effect to the
neighborhood. This will however be very minimal as light tools
and equipment will be used for construction activities.
There shall be no noise pollution during operation stage as residential related
activities do not cause significant noise.
Oil waste - -  Petroleum oils and grease used in vehicles and
pollution construction machinery may spill or leak on/into the ground
hence into the soil or water system within the neighborhood.
 During occupation, oil waste mainly from the kitchens
may find their way into the sewerage network. Sound and up to
date pollution control measures will be put in place to mitigate
this impact.

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Air/Dust - 0  During construction, dust and exhaust emission from the

Pollution construction activities, may pollute the ambient air. This will be
minimal as the site will be dampened to reduce dust generation.
 Operation phase of the project is not associated with
dust/air pollution.
Soil - 0  Earthworks during project construction usually influence
erosion soil erosion. By Incorporating appropriate soil conservation
measures and proper drainage facilities both during construction
and operation phase of the project, soil erosion Problem will
completely be minimized.
Pressure on - 0  During construction, the proponent will source
Water reasonable amounts of water for the construction activities
Resources
from water vendors in the neighborhood.
 Waste water from Construction activities will be recycled
and used to wet the site.
 A borehole will be drilled to serve the residents after the
proponent has acquired a water abstraction permit from the
authority during the operational phase.
Vegetation - 0 There will be minimal clearance of vegetation during excavation
and flora and demolition activities. The Proponent will landscape with
vegetation within the compound once construction activities are
completed.
Water - 0 The removal of vegetation will increase the runoff and therefore
Quality sedimentation will increase in these areas as well.
Public - 0 During the construction process, health threats will only be
Health limited to the workers on site.
HIV/AIDS - 0 Immigration is expected during the construction phase as the
youth will be looking for casual jobs. This may lead to increased
incidences of sexually transmitted diseases which may exacerbate
HIV/AIDS.
6.3 Positive Impacts

There are a number of positive benefits associated with the proposed development. The following are
some of the positive benefits anticipated:

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Table6; Positive Impacts of the Proposed Development and Justification

No Positive Impacts Justification

1. Generation of direct and Besides the direct employment by the proposed

indirect employment and
income Development, other forms of employment are likely to result from the spillover
effects, through indirect services during the construction and operation phases.

The employment opportunities will generate income and improve the living
standards of the local population and its environs.

2. Contribution to Government Through payment of relevant taxes, rates and fees to the national and county
Revenue governments, the project will contribute towards the national and local revenue
earnings.

3. Improved Security. Security will be ensured around the proposed development through distribution
of suitable security lights and presence of 24-hour security guards. This will
lead to improvement in the general security in the surrounding area.

4. Creation of market for local The proposed project will create demand for local services and this will greatly
goods and services. benefit various business sectors within the project area.

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7. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

7.1. Beneficial Impacts of the Project

Several potential positive impacts will arise during construction, operational and demolishing phases of
the project which are primarily socioeconomic in nature and it is summarized as follows:

7.1.1. Employment opportunities

Impact origin and characteristics: the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the
proposed project are supposed to provide direct and indirect employment to a number of workers.
Although, the exact number cannot be predetermined at this stage, according to the project proposal the
project supposed to create job opportunities for about 30employees permanently.

Benefit Enhancement Measures. Hiring the local professionals and service providers at all levels where
possible enhances the national benefit. There is also a need to recruit local available labor for positions
that do not demand special skills. This enhances the benefits of local communities. This measure not only
maximizes the distribution of the benefit but also promotes the projects social acceptability. In addition to
the above proposed measures that can enhance the direct employment benefits, procuring supplier and
services from local sources to the maximum extent possible benefits at each stage of the project and
enhances the indirect employment opportunity.

7.1.1.1. Employment opportunities for women and youth

Employment opportunities for women and youth

Impact origin and characteristics: It is evident that, women are efficient in carrying out and handling
the assignment given to them properly and seriously. As a result of such commitment, they are usually
preferred by many companies. This gender specific behavior creates equal, even better employment
opportunity for local woman and youths.

Benefit enhancement measures: The company plan supposed to create job opportunities for about create
job opportunities for about 30 employees permanently of the project. Consideration to be given for
keeping the above beneficial opportunities the project creates to women and actions to avoid work area
problems women can face. The actions include: Strict rule on work area sexual harassments, Job security,
appropriate payment (equal payment standard with men engaged in equivalent work load).

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7.1.2. Contribution to the national economic growth

Impact origin and characteristics: the use of locally available materials during the construction phase of
the project including cement, concrete and ceramic tiles, timber, sand, ballast electrical cables etc…, will
contribute towards growth of the economy by contributing to the gross domestic product. The
consumption of these materials including fuel oil and others will attract taxes including VAT which will
be payable to the government, which increases government revenue while the cost of these raw materials
will be payable directly to the producers.

Benefit Enhancement Measures: There is a need to comply with public and private requirements of
operating at low costs, so that benefits from the investment will be maximized. This requires the effort of
external institution and governmental bodies to facilitate the investment process and credit facilities, to get
the required benefits.

7.1.3. Socio- Economic Benefits

7.1.3.1. Increased access of the community to quality housing

Impact origin and characteristics: Provision of training for the employees and work on capacity
building of the staff.

7.1.3.2. Local Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement

Impact origin and characteristics: the employment opportunity to be created by the project will have
social benefit beside the expected economic benefit. The employment income from the project will have a
substantial role for social livelihood improvement in the project area. This local income generation related
social benefit will have long term as well as cumulative benefits such as:

Poverty reduction: as a result of creation of jobs for the local communities, the project will have a
meaningful impact on poverty reduction as the project area is inhabited by largely unemployed and
marginal communities. The employment priorities should focus on the households subsisting below the
poverty line.

Education opportunity: the increased income from the employment in the project will substantially
improves the living standard of the community in the project impact area. As a result, families can afford
to send their children to schools and supply them with school materials adequately, where youth girls are
the frontline beneficiaries.

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Benefit Enhancement Measures: Utilization of the available labor force in the project area enhances the
benefits at local level. Outsourcing commercial activities, like cafeteria services from local competitive
service providers will maximizes the social benefit of the project.

7.1.4. Improved Aesthetics and Optimal Use of Land

Change in land use from idle land to land on which a modern building blocks stand will optimize land use.
There is no doubt once the project is completed will change the outlook of the area. It will have an
indirect boost of construction activities around it.

7.2. Potential Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures

The proposed project comprises different components to be executed at different phases of the project life
time, construction, operation and decommissioning phases that can generate adverse impacts.

7.2.1. Pre-construction phase adverse impacts and mitigation measures

The project will own land hence no impact on pre-construction

7.2.2. Construction Phase Adverse Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures
The construction phase of the project involves the clearing, land leveling, transportation of construction
materials and storage can have adverse impacts on: terrestrial flora and fauna, air quality, nuisance noise,
workforce and water quality.
7.2.2.1. Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat
Impact origin and characteristics
The construction of proposed building will essentially entail the removal and loss of some existing
vegetation at the project site, when cleared to erect permanent block and steel concrete structures
associated with the project’s new infrastructure. This would constitute a loss of alternative land use, an
irreversible commitment of land resources, and thus a direct long-term impact.
The site is not extensively or heavily vegetated prior to construction and did not support any significant
ecological habitats or fauna. Therefore, the impacts from erecting the new buildings have marginal
impacts in terms of habitat loss.
Proposed mitigation measures
Landscaping of the site, after building completion, will see the introduction of plants and trees that should
offset any negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing vegetation at the project site.
The numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced around the premises during the landscaping exercise
are expected to be greater and more diverse than presently obtains and these are expected to play a greater

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role in adding ecological value and attracting birds and other terrestrial fauna of the project, apart from
being more pleasing aesthetically.

7.2.2.2. Erosion of cleared areas

Impact origin and characteristics

Vegetation clearance and excavation works related to construction of the proposed project will expose
soils to erosion by surface run-off and create the threat of water turbidity and sediment deposition in
drains. The flat topography of the site and the pervious nature of the soils would help to reduce erosive.
Surface flows and the potential situation should exist only for the duration of the construction works
before landscaping and drainage. Apparently, there are no significant surface features such as gullies,
streams or rivers in close proximity to the site, which could be affected by soil erosion.
Proposed Mitigation measures

 Where possible, phase the site clearance exercise so as to reduce the amount of exposed soil at any
given time.
 Deliberately re-cover exposed soils with grass and other appropriate species as soon as possible.
 Temporarily bund exposed soil and redirect flows from heavy runoff areas that threaten to erode or
result in substantial surface runoff to adjacent area.
 Monitor areas of exposed soil during periods of heavy rainfall throughout the construction phase of
the project.

7.2.2.3. Extraction and Use of Building Materials

Impact origin and characteristics

Building materials such as hard core, ballast, cement, rough stone and sand required for the construction
of the proposed project will be obtained from quarries, sand harvesters etc. Since substantial quantities of
these materials will be required for construction of the proposed project, the availability and sustainability
of such resources at the extraction sites will be negatively affected-as they are not renewable in the short
term. In addition, the sites from which the materials will be extracted may be significantly affected in
several ways including landscape changes, displacement of animals and vegetation, poor visual quality
and opening of depressions on the surface leading to several human and animal health impacts.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Efficient sourcing and use of raw materials: To reduce the negative impacts on availability and
sustainability of the materials, the Proponent should only order for what will be required through accurate

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budgeting and estimation of actual construction requirements. This will ensure that materials are not
extracted or purchased in excessive quantities. Moreover, the Proponent has to ensure that wastage,
damage or loss (through run-off, wind, etc.) of materials at the construction site is kept minimal through
proper material management, as these would lead to additional demand for and extraction or purchase of
materials. In addition to the above measures, the Proponent shall consider reuse of building materials and
use of recycled building materials where applicable. This will lead to reduction in the amount of raw
materials extracted from natural resources as well as reducing impacts at the extraction sites.

7.2.2.4. Noise Pollution and Vibration

Impact origin and characteristics

Significant increases in noise and vibration levels may be expected during construction of the proposed
project. Such noise and vibrations may be generated from excavators, movement; loaders; concrete mixer
trucks; concrete pumps; concrete vibrators; dump trucks; hammering; vibrators; compactors, diesel
generators (DGs); water pumps and even construction workers. The impact of noise and vibrations on the
surrounding community depends upon:

 Characteristics of the noise and vibrations source (instantaneous, intermittent, or continuous in

nature);
 Time of day at which noise and vibrations occur; and
 Location of noise and vibrations source with respect to sensitive receptor.

Though the level of discomfort caused by noise and vibrations is subjective, the most commonly reported
impacts of increased noise levels are interference in oral communication, hearing loss, anxiety and
disturbance of sleep. Vibration impacts may include the cracking of nearby existing structures such as
foundations, walls and swimming pools.

Noise and vibrations may also have an impact on the workers in the proposed project. Nonetheless, all the
noise and vibrations generating activities shall be undertaken during day hours and appropriate measures
shall be instituted to counter the said pollution.

Proposed Mitigation measures

Minimization of noise and vibration: the contractor of the proposed project shall put in place several
measures that will mitigate noise and vibration pollution arising during the construction phase. The
proponent shall ensure that complies with all relevant requirements of the countries as well as
international standards.

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 Prescribe noise reduction measures if appropriate e.g. restricted working hours and transport hours
and noise buffering;
 Install portable barriers to shield compressors and other small stationary equipment where
necessary and locate stationary noise sources as far from existing sensitive receptors as possible;
 Use quiet equipment (i.e. equipment designed with noise control elements such as mufflers);
 Co-ordinate with relevant agencies regarding all construction activities in the project site;
 Limit trucks and other small equipment to minimize idling time and observe a common-sense
approach to vehicle use such as shutting up idle engines whenever possible; and
 Ensure use of well serviced and maintained vehicles and equipment.

7.2.2.5. Impact on Air Quality

Impact origin and characteristics

Potential impacts on the air quality during the construction stage will be due to the fugitive dust and the
exhaust gases generated in and around the construction site. Fugitive dust (depending on the timing of
construction) and vehicular emissions are the major components of air pollution. The following
construction related activities are generally associated with these emissions:

 Site clearance, excavation and use of heavy vehicles and Machinery/equipment at construction
site;
 Transportation of construction materials such as sand, cement, steel, masonry stone to the
construction site; and
 Operation of construction machinery and equipment

During the period of maximum construction activity, the fuel consumption is expected to rise significantly
and the background concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM), reparable particulate matter
(RPM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and both carbon monoxide (CO) and lead (Pb).
These emissions if not appropriately mitigated can have significant respiratory and cardio-pulmonary
effects on the local population, the health effects may range from subtle biochemical and physiological
changes to difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing and aggravation of existing respiratory and cardiac
conditions. The impacts of such emissions can be greater in areas where the materials are sourced and at
the construction site as a result of frequent gunning of vehicle engines, activities associated with site
clearance, excavations, spreading of the topsoil during construction, frequent and fast vehicle movement
in the loading and offloading areas. Because large quantities of building materials are required, some of

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which are sourced outside far from the project site, such emissions can be enormous and may affect a
wider geographical area.

Proposed Mitigation measures

Minimization of dust generation and emission: Controlling dust during construction is useful in
minimizing nuisance conditions and consequently health (respiratory and eye) complications. It is
recommended that a standard set of feasible dust control measures be implemented for all construction
activities. Emissions of other contaminants (Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, Sulfur oxides, and diesel
related Particulate Matter PM10) that would occur in the exhaust from heavy equipment are also included.

The Proponent shall be committed to implement measures that shall reduce air quality impacts associated
with construction. Dust emissions will be controlled by the following measures: -

 Provision of 2.4-meter-high hoarding along site boundary

 Provide effective dust screen, sheeting or netting where a scaffolding is erected around the
perimeter of a building under construction from the ground floor level of the building, or if a
canopy is provided at the first floor level, from the first floor level, up to the highest level of the
scaffolding;
 Any skip hoist for material transport shall be totally enclosed by impervious sheeting;
 Watering all active construction areas when necessary;
 Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials or require all trucks to maintain at
least two feet of freeboard;
 Pave, apply water when necessary, or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers on all unpaved access
roads, parking areas and staging areas at construction site;
 All personnel working on the proposed project will be trained prior to starting construction on
methods for minimizing air quality impacts during construction.

7.2.2.6. Disposal of solid waste

Impact origin and characteristics

Solid waste generated during site preparation and construction work would include vegetation clearance
and typical construction waste (e.g. wasted concrete, steel, wooden scaffolding and forms, bags, waste
earth materials, etc.). This waste would negatively impact the site and surrounding environment if not
properly managed and ultimately disposed of at an approved dumpsite. Cleared vegetation, if burnt onsite,
would generate smoke, negatively impacting ambient air quality (with reciprocal negative impacts upon

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human health). Vegetation and solid waste, if allowed to accumulate in sensitive areas, may cause
localized pending and flooding. Furthermore, the pending of water would create conditions conducive to
the breeding of nuisance and health-threatening pests such as mosquitoes.

Proposed Mitigation measures

 A site waste management plan should be prepared prior to project commencement. This should
include designation of appropriate waste storage areas, collection and removal schedule,
identification of approved disposal site, and system for supervision and monitoring.
 Preparation and implementation of the plan must be made, and it is the responsibility of the
building manager with the system being monitored independently.
 Special attention should be given to minimize and reduce the quantities of solid waste produced
during site preparation and construction.
 To reduce organic waste, softer vegetation may be composted onsite and used for soil amendment
during landscaping.
 Vegetation and combustible waste must not be burned on the site.
 Reusable inorganic waste (e.g. excavated sand) should be stockpiled away from drainage features
and used for in-filling where necessary.
 Unusable construction wastes such as damaged pipes, formwork and other construction material
must be disposed of at an approved dumpsite

7.2.2.7. Soil Erosion and Water Logging

Impact origin and characteristics
Soil erosion is likely to occur during construction at the site once exposed by excavation works especially
during rainy and windy seasons. Considering the land clearing, excavation and other construction
processes, soil will be exposed to erosion agents leading to soil/land degradation, hence impacting
negatively on the environment. Water logging of the proposed site may also occur in the event of heavy
rainfall after excavation.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Controlling soil erosion, water logging: The Proponent has to put some measures in place aimed at
minimizing soil erosion and associated water logging from the proposed project site during construction.
These measures will include: -

 Terracing, leveling and ripping off compacted areas of the project site to reduce run-off velocity
and increase infiltration of storm water into the soil

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 Proper planning of site excavation works in such a way that, a section is completed and
rehabilitated before another section begins
 Ensuring that construction vehicles are restricted to existing graded roads to avoid soil compaction
within the project site
 Surface runoff and roof water shall be harvested and stored in underground reservoir for reuse
7.2.2.8. Impact on Landscape Integration and Protection of Natural Resources
Impact origin and characteristics
The growth of building and its aesthetic requirements have direct impacts on soil, landscape and on the
surrounding ecosystems. Intensive construction practices are harmful to the environment, especially
when the building materials used are not in harmony with traditional architecture. Such construction not
only robs the landscape of its natural characteristics but also detracts from its identity.
Proposed Mitigation measures
 Lay out green area sand gardens to make the site more pleasant (preferably using indigenous
plants). To rationalize the aforementioned recommendations, the project needs to be allotted 2% of
the total area of land to plant various indigenous and exotic plants.
 Promote landscape integration and environmental protection
 Give attention to environmental recommendations in laying out the building
 Aim for visual continuity with the architectural style of the surroundings
 Whenever possible, use sustainable materials produced locally
 Place the parking lot in an inconspicuous area of the building
7.2.2.9IncreasedWater Demand
Impact origin and characteristics
During the construction phase, water will mostly be used in the creation of concrete and for wetting
surfaces or cleaning completed structures. It will also be used by the construction workers for washing and
drinking.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Minimization of water use: A combination of water saving appliances and water management measures
needs to be planned in the proposed project. Rain water harvesting can serve as a solution to the water
problem by capturing the run off. Rainwater harvesting will help in utilizing the primary source of water
and prevent the runoff from going into sewer or storm drains.
7.2.2.10. Energy consumption
Impact origin and characteristics

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The proposed project will consume fossil fuels for construction machines (mainly Concrete mixers, heavy
and light trucks; concrete pumps; concrete vibrators; dump trucks; compactors, diesel generators; water
pumps) to run. Fossil energy is non-renewable and its excessive use may have serious environmental
implications on its availability, price and sustainability. The proposed project will also use electricity
supplied by Ethiopian Electric Authority. Electricity in Ethiopia is generated mainly through natural
resources, namely, water and geothermal resources. In this regard, there will be need to use electricity
sparingly since high consumption of electricity negatively impacts on these natural resources and their
sustainability.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Minimization of energy consumption: The Proponent shall ensure responsible electricity use at the
construction site through sensitization of staff to conserve electricity by switching off electrical equipment
or appliances when they are not being used. In addition, proper planning of transportation of materials will
ensure that fossil fuels (diesel, petrol) are not consumed in excessive amounts. Complementary to these
measures, the Proponent shall monitor energy use during construction and set targets for reduction of
energy use.
7.2.2.11. Increased Insecurity
Impact origin and characteristics
The proposed project may cause an increase in insecurity during the construction phase due to the
increased number of transient workers and suppliers within and around the project site. Construction sites
are known to attract large numbers of semi-skilled and un-skilled labor searching for job openings and
may also use the opportunity to scout for potential robbery or terror targets.
Proposed Mitigation measures
The Proponent shall be committed to implementing measures that shall reduce security threats by the
following measures: -
 The proposed project plot has to be accessed through a designated entry/exit point during the
transportation of all raw materials in and out the construction phase of the project.
 Security shall be enhanced by ensuring security guards are always posted within and around the
project site and strategic placement of security lights around the site.
 A roster of all construction workers shall be kept while measures shall be put in place to ensure
that loitering by itinerant workers is discouraged.
 Unattended public access to the construction site shall be restricted and only one entry/exit point
shall be used.

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7.2.2.12. Increased Traffic

Impact origin and characteristics
Obstruction by construction transport vehicles and construction activities adjacent to the nearby roads
during the construction phase may lead to the increase in traffic along the road. This may be exacerbated if
these activities time/schedule coincide with peak traffic hours.
Proposed Mitigation measures
Minimization of construction related traffic: The following measures shall be put in place so as to
manage traffic along surrounding roads during construction: -
 Ensure that the Entry/Exit to the project site is located where it will cause minimal traffic along the
main Road
 Ensure all construction vehicles to and from the construction site use the designated Entry/Exit to
the project site.
 All transportation of construction raw materials and excavated materials are to be conducted at
traffic off peak hours only
 Sensitize truck drivers to avoid unnecessary road obstruction
 Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials to avoid spillage and dust emissions
that may interfere with smooth motoring
 Access to driveways has to be maintained at all times unless other arrangements are made.
7.2.2.13. Workers accidents and public safety
Impact origin and characteristics
In any civil works, public as well as construction staff safety risks can arise from various construction
activities such as: -
 Deep excavations;
 Operation and movement of heavy equipment and vehicles;
 Injuries from falling objects; and
 Injuries from hand tools.
Because of the duration and complexity of the construction phase of the proposed project, such activities
need to be controlled and consequently the associated risks will be reduced. Proper supervision, high
workmanship performance, and provision of adequate safety measures will suppress the likelihood of such
impacts on the public and ensure enhanced occupational safety.

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Proposed Mitigation measures

To reduce the construction worker’s accidents and hazards during the construction phase of the proposed
project, the Proponent shall be committed to adherence to the occupational health and safety rules and
regulations stipulated in The Labor Law Proclamation 377/2003. In this regard, the Proponent shall be
committed to provision of appropriate personal protective equipment, as well as ensuring a safe and
healthy environment for construction workers as outlined in the EMP.

More over the project need to have first aid kit and emergency response plan (Alarm System/Procedures,
Evacuation Routes/Procedures, Emergency Medical Treatment Procedures, fire or Explosion)
(Unconfined) and materials, like Proper PPE, granular absorbent/sand Fire Blankets.

7.2.3 Operational Phase Adverse Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures

The negative impacts associated with the proposed project during operation phase are discussed below:

7.2.3.1 Air emission

Impact origin and characteristics

Emissions of air pollutants from the project’s operation phase are mainly associated with the loading and
unloading of yields, vehicle exhaust gas.

Potential mitigation measures

In order to reduce the dust and guesses pollutant emitted from the project air pollution management has to
be adopted.

 Install ventilator
 Paved the compound and access roads
 Plant trees to serve as buffer zone
 Effects of exhausts, has to be controlled through planned maintenance of vehicles.
 Minimizing the movement of vehicles particularly outside the premise of the project site
7.2.3.2 Soil Erosion
Impact origin and characteristics
The building roofs and pavements will lead to increased volume and velocity of storm water or run off
flowing across the area covered by the buildings. This will lead to increased amounts of storm water

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entering the drainage systems, resulting in overflow and damage to such systems in addition to increased
erosion or water logging in the neighboring areas.
Potential mitigation measures
 Landscaping should be done on the land during the operation phase and decommissioning phase to
ensure that the same is returned to its original state. The contractor should also provide adequate soil
conservation structures to ensure that areas prone to soil erosion are protected from runoff.
7.2.3.3. Solid Waste
Impact origin and characteristics
The project is expected to generate enormous amounts of solid waste during its operation phase. Solid
waste will be generated from the working and the associated facilities. The accumulation of solid waste
can cause the proliferation of domestic pests such as rats (Rattusnorvegicus and Rattusrattus). These
vermin are very destructive and can rapidly multiply especially where garbage collection is infrequent and
therefore food is abundant. This phase may also encourage stray animals such as dogs which can be
nuisance species because they may bring with them ecto-parasites such as fleas (Ctenocephalidescanis)
and ticks (Ixodes sp.) which can create health problems for domestic pets. The bulk of the solid waste
generated during the operation of the project will consist of paper, plastic, glass, metal, textile and organic
wastes. Such wastes can be injurious to the environment through blockage of drainage systems, choking of
water bodies and negative impacts on animal health. Some of these waste materials especially the
plastic/polythene is not biodegradable may cause long term injurious effects to the environment. Even the
bio degradable ones such as organic wastes may be injurious to the environment because as they
decompose, they produce methane gas, a powerful greenhouse gas known to contribute to global warming.
Potential mitigation measures for solid waste
 Bins/ receptacles shall be placed at strategic locations within the site as collection centers to
facilitate separation and sorting of the various types of wastes.
 Use of an integrated solid waste management system through a hierarchy options i.e. source
reduction, recycling, composting and reuse shall be encouraged. This will facilitate proper
handling of solid waste during operation stage.
7.2.3.4. Waste Water Generation and its associated pollutant
Impact origin and characteristics
This project will utilize amount of water for domestic uses: workers washing, cooking, bathing and toilets.
This waste water is considered as domestic waste. The discharge of untreated domestic waste water will
pollute the soil and ground water

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The above-mentioned source of effluents contains biodegradable matter, nutrients suspended solids,
Bacteriological load, etc. Discharges of these untreated effluents will pollute the water environment.
Proposed Mitigating Measures
Sewage generated from the building different units will be connecting to the septic tank as well, which
transported and treated at the municipality wastewater treatment plant.
7.2.3.5. Increased Water Demand
Impact origin and characteristics
The operation phase of the proposed project might place a strain on the water availability in the area. The
current supply will have a cumulative major negative impact on already limited supply. This phase of the
development will therefore have a major negative long-term impact on the water availability in the area.
Potential mitigation measures
 Provision of notices and information signs within the project site to notify on means and needs to
conserve water resource.
 Installation of water conserving taps
 Practice rain water harvesting to supplement the municipal water supply.
7.2.3.6. Increased Energy Demand
The operation phases of the development will impact slightly on the electricity supplying the area as well
as demand will increase.
Proposed mitigation measures
 All electrical appliances should be switched off when not in use during construction and operation
phases.
 Use of energy conserving electric lamps for general lighting during operational phase.
 Workers should utilize natural light when inside the office to avoid using electricity for lighting
during the day.
 The contractor should ensure that all buildings have access to natural light during the day.

7.2.3.7. Increased traffic

Impact origin and characteristics

It is expected that, a number of vehicles around the project site increase from time to time, hence leading
to increase in traffic conjunction. This will be dependent on the location of the building’s car park
entry/exit, traffic control measures in place, number of tenants/visitors to the building, the nature of
businesses within the building amongst other factors.

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Proposed mitigation measures

 Train or aware the drivers and workers about traffic rules and regulation
 Put in different traffic signage on the appropriate place
 Set Plan and Schedule time for entrance and exit vehicles, trucks and workers
 Participating in local road maintenance and supervision

7.2.3.8. Increased Risks of HIV/AIDS

The influx of workers, typically young generations seeking jobs will be associated with a series of social
challenges such as crime, alcoholism/illicit drug abuse and prostitution. These are often related to the
spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Vices such as drug abuse and prostitution
would affect social coherence and security in project communities tarnishing the image and intent of
another wise good project.

Proposed mitigation measures

 HIV/AIDS sensitization programmer shall be conducted at the camp as per methodology and
schedule devised by the HIV/AIDS Sensitization and Control service providers
 A site clinic should be set up with a medical practitioner and medical facilities including condoms
for HIV/AIDS control.
 Through posters, flyers or weekly sensitization sessions continually provide HIV/AIDS
awareness to workers.
7.2.3.9. Workplace Accidents
Impact origin and characteristics

During operation period, accidents may include physical hazard during loading, unloading, exposure to
exposed electrical parts. The operations that lead to fire outbreaks include poor handling of electricity
systems, faulty electrical equipment, carelessness etc. The exposure of workers to dusts and noise has
been known to cause damage to the ear drums as well as hearing loss. Noise has also been known to
cause fatigue, anxiety and a lack of productivity.
Potential mitigation measures

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 Aware / trainer employees in safe working practice

 Install ventilator
 Control noise as much as possible, if it is beyond the maximum limit standard, equip employees
with PPE
 Ensuring all electrical equipment and machinery are properly grounded
 Naked wires should always be sealed
 Installation of an automatic fire alarm system for the building
 Provision of firefighting equipment and hydrant points
 Display fire excavation procedures and emergency at the buildings
 Provision of sufficient fire exit points and fire assembly points
 Adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) should be provided for employees
 The employer should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Appropriately
equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work.

7.2.4. Decommissioning Phase Impacts and Its Mitigation Measures

The negative impacts and mitigation measures discussed below are associated with the proposed project
during decommissioning phase.

Impacts mitigation measures: The negative impacts mitigation measures discussed below are associated
with the proposed project during decommissioning phase.

7.2.4.1. Noise and Vibration

Impact origin and characteristics: The demolition works will lead to significant deterioration of the
acoustic environment within the proposed project site and the surrounding areas. This will be as a result of
the noise and vibrations that will be experienced during demolition.

Proposed mitigation measures: The noise and vibrations that will be experienced during demolition
works will be minimized as described under operational phases.

7.2.4.2. Air Pollution

Impact origin and characteristics: Dust will be generated during demolition works of the proposed
project from the demolition activities. This will mainly affect demolition workers. In addition, soil will be
used in rehabilitation and re-instatement to pre-project status, this will add to the amount of dust that will
be generated during rehabilitation. However, it will be minimal. Exhaust emission will also be
experienced during decommissioning from the trucks that will be transporting the demolished objects to

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the disposal sites and storage areas. Large quantities of dust will be generated during demolition works,
which affects both demolition staff as well as the neighboring establishments.

Proposed mitigation measures: High levels of dust concentration resulting from demolition or
dismantling works will be minimized as described under operational phases.
7.2.4.3 Solid waste generation
Impact origin and characteristics: Demolition of the proposed project will result in large quantities of
solid waste. Although demolition waste is generally considered as less harmful to the environment since
they are composed of inert materials, there is growing evidence that large quantities of such waste may
lead to release of certain hazardous chemicals into the environment. In addition, the non-toxic chemicals
such as chloride, sodium, sulfate and ammonia which may be released as a result of leaching of demolition
wastes are known to lead to degradation of groundwater quality.
Proposed mitigation measures: Solid waste resulting from demolition or dismantling works will be
managed as described under operational phases.

7.2.4.4. Health and safety

Impact origin and characteristics: Risk of accidents and ill health as a result of the demolition activities
is likely to be experienced. This could be as a result of accidents involving from construction equipment.
Proposed mitigation measures
 Risk of accidents and ill health as a result of the demolition activities is likely to be experienced.
This could be as a result of accidents involving from construction equipment.
 Risk of accidents and ill health as a result of demolition activities shall be mitigated by ensuring
that appropriate health and safety measures are applied in all activities; fencing all unsafe and
dangerous areas; and continuous monitoringof environmental health (air quality, water quality,
vegetation, noise) at all main receptor points around the site until site handover.
7.2.4.5. Cumulative of impacts on environment
The proposed under taking may have direct or indirect impacts on the physical environment namely on
soil, hydrology, geology, flora, fauna, air quality, water quality, noise and landscape. Socio economic
impacts of the proposed undertaking should also be considered in terms of demography, the local
community, transport and traffic, and employment. The different environmental impacts may be
categorized as relating to the following:
 Air pollution
 Noise pollution

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 Sewage treatment and disposal

 Storm water management
 Solid waste collection and disposal
 Socio economic impacts

The proposed school construction to be located in Sheger City, Galan Guda Sub- City.The cumulative
impacts of establishment of the project also will have a positive contribution to sustainable development
and up graduation of the quality of the area, microenvironment and macro environment as well as
improvement in the quality of the socioeconomic environment.

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8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT &MONITORING PLAN

8.1. Environmental Management Plan

The school is organized into two divisions Administrative and Academic wings in which the General
Manager will be the head of the school and the organizational structure of the project is designed
incorporating all the necessary personnel under the right division. At the top of the organizational structure,
there will be a General Manager/Head of School and underneath the general manager the administrative
director and Academic Director will take a position leading the school program. There exists also parent
committee directly contact with the school manager. The Administrative director will lead the admin.
Staffs like, The Accountant, Human Resource, Purchasing and Supplies units and the Academic wing will
remain leading all Academic posts like School Headmaster, Supervisors, Main Teachers, Assistant
Teachers, and all teaching and support staffs.

The project has to incorporate environmental management system in its daily operations and, its EMP is
implemented, maintained and updated in a manner that is consistent with a nationally recognized standard.
The Environmental management issues outlined in this EMP will be used to manage all environmental
aspects of the operations activities over which the project has to control or which its activities can
reasonably influence.

8.1.2. Air Quality management plan

The nature of carbonated soft drink production has air emissions, thus air quality impacts from boiler,
vehicles & incinerator. The following guiding principles will help to manage air quality.

Strategic objectives

 To monitor stack emissions concisely

 To identify effects of air emissions
 Assure work zone air quality is complying occupational guidelines

Proposed implementation

 Monthly submission of monitoring report to the Manager HSE.

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 Check compliance
 Identify any accidental release of air emissions within the premises and especially in the work
zone.
 If any release identifies, conduct on-spot monitoring.
 Routinely arrange maintenance and servicing of process machinery.
 Discuss any issues concerning to occupational health with general staff and identify if it is related
to environmental deterioration.

8.1.3. Noise & Vibration management plan

Due to the operation of the proposed Company, noise generation is less likely as a result of the operations
of the Plant and it is with permissible level. The company will make all practical efforts to abate noise
pollution and it will:

 Restrict, where possible, noise making activities to normal working hours and standard level,
 When working near residences and places of worship avoid sensitive times for example during
religious services
 Inform and consult with affected residents.

8.1.4. Waste and management plan

Some of the guiding principles are provided for the effective management of hazardous and non-
hazardous solid waste. Mostly the solid waste may generate within the premises of manufacture include:
Clinic wastes, used car battery, decomposable wastes, Recyclable or Reuse wastes – e.g., Cartoons, empty
containers, empty glass, crown cork, plastics.

Strategic Objective

 To go for solid waste reduction

 To work towards effective and regular clean-up of solid waste within premises.
 To dispose-off waste in environment friendly manner
 To reduce occupational risk due to unsafe handling of hazardous solid waste

Proposed implementation

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 Outline waste reduction methods and their probability of implementation.

 Locate all hazardous/nonhazardous waste generation sources (process and general).
 Seek methodologies for solid waste management at source (end-of-pipe treatment), quantity of
recycled materials should be monitored.
 Monitor and manage waste cleaning within the premises of manufacture.
 Organize waste cleaning and management staff and formulate a schedule.
 Emphasis on day time cleaning as more staff work during day.
 Allocate areas for general solid waste such as plastic, paper, aluminum cans, etc.
 Educate staff in training to dispose of solid waste properly in the allocated areas such as dust bins.
 Dust bins should be provided at a shorter distance.
 While handling and managing decomposable waste, make sure it is covered.
 Train staff and specially those involve in hazardous material handling, with the safety issues.
 Strict implementation should be employed on contingency plan.
 Monitoring on safety must be followed such as accidents and a bi-annual report should be
distributed to HSE department and top management.

8.1.5. Vegetation restoration plan

The company needs to use the following best management Practice to make the compound environment
green and pleasant:

 plant different species of indigenous and native trees in company compound, across the road and
development of green belt
 Adhere to the requirements and precautions of Ethiopian biodiversity plan and regulations,
 Ensure that all site personnel made aware of the importance of any trees of significant value
 Allocate at least 2% of land from the total area for green area development.

8.1.6. Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan

The manufacturing work provides safety wears, safety equipment and health services with full health care
and occupational safety for handling raw materials, supplies and products depending on the characteristics
of the manufacturing processes. To attain work place safety, for example, some machines shall have
protections, warning stickers, automatic stopping or safety switch. In addition, installation of accident
prevention materials such as ventilation at proper sites; in manufacturing floors, chemical stores, general
stores and in other essential rooms and fire extinguishers will be sited at proper places in the compound.

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Depending on the working places and the type of machineries; workers shall be provided with safety
wears and working manuals, provision of Different light lifting machines for work simplicity, Workers
training on how to use safety materials and keep safe working place and use of safety instructions in the
manufacturing processes; Accidents control, investigations, analysis and reporting in the company
manufacturing activities, and Regular workers health check-up or examination in every production years,
Maintaining safe workplaces, plant and work systems; Providing information, instruction and training
enabling employees to work without hazards; consulting with employee-elected health and safety
representatives and/ or other employees about occupational health, safety and welfare and Ensuring all
work procedures are undertaken without exposing workers to hazards.
8.1.7. Emergency Preparedness, Response management and contingency Plan
It is the environmental compliance policy of the company to comply with all applicable laws, regulations,
permits and orders.
Scope and Applicability of the Emergency Action
This procedure covers following types of emergency situations which might happen
 Fire
 Security problem / peace unrest
 Heavy rainfall leading to inundation
 Medical emergencies
Applicability extends to all companies as well as contractor’s employees and visitors. This plan will
provide specific emergency procedures as well as address emergency protocols.

The following steps will be executed as applicable for all the above mentioned emergencies.

 Initiating Emergency Alarm/Bell/Signal/Response/Alert

 Intimation of Emergency Response Team
 Communication top Government agencies i.e. Civil Defense, Fire Department… etc.
 Removing trapped people
 Providing first aid
 Safe guarding equipment and machinery …etc.
 Communication to head office

Visitors: In the event that a visitor/contractor does not adhere to the provisions of this plan, he/she will be
requested leave the work area.

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8.1.8. Labor and Working Conditions management plan

The company needs to follow internationally-recognized best practices (consistent with ILO Performance
Standards on Labor and Working Conditions for labor and working conditions at the company). The
company should provide a grievance mechanism for workers (and their organizations, where they exist) to
raise workplace concerns. The company should inform the workers of the grievance mechanism upon
being hired, and should ensure that it is easily accessible to all. The mechanism should involve an
appropriate level of management and address concerns promptly, using an understandable and transparent
process that provides feedback to those concerned, without any retribution. The mechanism should not
impede access to other judicial or administrative remedies that might be available under law or through
existing arbitration procedures, or substitute for grievance mechanisms provided through collective
agreements. With respect to contractors or other intermediaries procuring non companies employee
workers and the company should:

 Ascertain that these contractors or intermediaries are reputable and legitimate enterprises; and
 Require that these contractors or intermediaries duly apply the requirements of the labor law.

The following actions should be taken to ensure good working and living conditions for the workers:

 Hiring of reputed contractors, preferably those who directly hire their workforce without
intermediaries or recruitment agencies;
 Ensure regular and timely payment of salaries/wages;
 Enforce a health and safety plan, including personal protection equipment;
 Require worker participation in weekly EHS meetings for safe working practices, finding
solutions and solving problems (as the need arises). Employees who voice their concerns and
suggestions will be rewarded.

8.1.9. Community Engagement Plan

Good relations with the community should be promoted by implementing an action plan that aims to
provide timely response to any enquiries, concerns or complaints about operation of the company. The

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company should have a role in the consultation and disclosure process during operation particularly
regarding disclosure of information related to effluents, public health and safety; and reporting results of
environmental monitoring. The company should continue to remain in contact with company stakeholders
during the period of operation, for as long as it is an effective two-way channel for communication. In
time, as a long-term presence in the region, the company has to develop additional formal contacts. With
time, the company promoter may develop other local relationships and channels of communication that
could benefit the local area. Ongoing stakeholder consultation will allow the company to receive and
respond to community concerns on an ongoing basis. The Community Engagement Plan (CEP) should be
designed on the following principles:

 A Community Liaison Officer needs to be appointed.

 The Community Liaison Officer should initiate the CEP through consultation with key
stakeholders identified during community consultation;
 A formal CEP needs to be produced and documented in consultation with all key stakeholders and
the support of a specialized socio-economic consultant;
 The development of a communication strategy for the CEP with the support of a public relations
firm or the support of a specialized socio-economic consultant;
 The CEP has to be monitored and evaluated by independent consultants alongside specified
milestones;
 Professional monitoring and evaluation will contribute to maintaining the CEP as a dynamic and
community-based engagement plan, and will ensure it is reviewed and amended as the company
evolves through its cycle.
 Through the Community Liaison Officer, the company has to implement a community grievance
mechanism allowing community members to raise their concerns about any environmental or
social concerns that they may have with regard to the company.
 It is likely that, the company promoter should take responsibility for the implementation of the
ongoing CEP.

8.1.10. Capacity Building /Training

Environmental training and awareness for all staffs of the institution is important, since virtually all
aspects of the company operations can have environmental implications. To help ensure continual
improvement in environmental performance, it also recommended that all staffs play a role, not just those

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staff specifically responsible for environmental aspects of operation. Site-specific procedures should be
developed and implemented to identify environmental training needs and ensure that all personnel receive
environmental training. It should incorporate

 General awareness training for employees and service providers, where the training includes but is
not limited to:
 The organization's environmental program, including the environmental policy and relevant
environmental practices;
 Regulatory obligations; and
 Environmental emergencies procedures, including spill prevention, reporting, response and
evacuation procedures;
 Benefits associated with environmental training and awareness programs, includes:
 Ownership of and commitment to environmental management at all levels of the workforce;
 a sustained, measurable improvement in environmental performance in both the individual and
business unit level;
 An improved capacity to manage future environmental issues and to minimize environmental risk;
 improved understanding on the part of management and employees of how specific activities
affect the environment;
 The development of management and employee skills resulting in cost-effective environmental
solutions;
 Management attention that is focused on the areas of greatest environmental impact and risk, and
action on those areas;
 A responsible image presented to employees and the community; and
 A reduced potential of an environmental incident.

8.1.11. Environmental unit Plan

Although the company has shown is keen interest in environmental management practices and have
certain plans to adopt preventive measures from the environmental point of view, it can be said that any
weakness in organizational structure, management, communication, leak in information and coordination
may lead to environment risk. Therefore, to tackle those probable challenges /problems, following are
some of the guiding principles:

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 Ensure that management authorities have access to high quality, up-to-date and relevant data for
decision making.
 Ensure that staff associated with the company its environmental unit must have access to the
relevant data for the implementation of EMP.
 Promote involvement of all associated groups, management authorities and associated staff in the
management plan process.
 Ensure highest level possible of liaison and co-ordination between the company and stake holders
 Ensure all the monitoring details should be received by the relevant regulatory authority
accordingly for their review and feedback.

8.1.12. Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

The goal of the CSR is to build “good neighbor” strategy of being good corporate citizens, protecting the
environment, and enhancing the quality of life in their host. The company need to be performed in such a
way that: appoint a community liaison officer, who initiates the CSR through consultation with key
stakeholders identified during community consultation; a formal CSR plan including time frame and
budget allocation need to be produced and documented in consultation with all key stakeholders and the
support of a specialized socio-economic consultant. The company needs to keep in contact with
stakeholders, as it useful for effective two-way channel communication for the creation of collaborative
environment. The company needs to actively engage in CSR environment & social related activities. The
company needs to conduct formal & regular consultation and discussion with employees, local community
and all concerned stakeholders.

The company needs to consider the corporate social responsibility packages as per the request of the
employees and communities in consideration with the profit company will get.

8.1.13. Revision of Environmental Management Plan

The company representative and environmental coordinator will review this EMP to ensure it is
appropriate and is being implemented effectively. Changes may arise from a change of scope, the
institution internal audits, and comments or from opportunities for improvement. the plan will then to be
updated to reflect any changes which have occurred. The revised document and the input which led to the
revisions to be reviewed by the company representative, approved by him/her and then forwarded to the
company headquarter for record. Controlled copies of this plan should be updated. The planned target

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dates (or frequencies) at which the EMP will be subject to formal review and the personnel who will
participate in the review have to be documented and maintained maintain as a record.

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Table 9. Environmental and Social Management Plan

Construction phase Environmental and Social Management Plan
Project Activity Potential Proposed mitigation measures Institutional Implementation Cost / ETB
Environment Responsibly schedule (time
Vegetation clearance and al Impacts on Soil Stabilization, careful movement o f materials, equipment and
Impact Project Manager frame)
Construction 40,000.00
excavation works soil erosion vehicles, refurbishment works using the soils displaced during the digging &Contractor phase
of foundations trenches , confining vehicular movements to specific areas
& green area development (Tree planting)
Sourcing of construction material. High demand Source building materials from local suppliers, ordering/utilizing actual Project Manager Construction 30,000.00
for raw construction material only and minimizing damage through proper storage. &Contractor phase
materials .

Movement of Vehicles and Noise proper management of construction vehicles and machinery to switch off Project Manager Construction 10,000.00
construction Machines pollution and engines of vehicles or machinery not being used, the Use quiet &Contractor phase
Construction works Construction vibration equipment ,trees plantation to create buffer zone against noise
worker’s actions propagation and Promotion of noise reduction measures
Site clearance, excavation Impacts on provision of effective dust screen, sheeting or netting , Pave, apply water Project Manager Construction 20,000.00
Use of heavy vehicles and air quality when necessary, or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers on all unpaved access &Contractor phase
Machinery/equipment at roads, parking areas and staging areas at construction site, Post signs to
construction site; limit vehicle speeds, proper management and maintenance of construction
Transportation of construction equipment and machineries and sensitization of truck drivers and machine
materials (such as sand, cement, operators to avoid unnecessary racing of engines.
steel, masonry stone to the
construction site; and)
Operation of construction
machinery and equipment

Disposal of Use of an integrated solid waste management system i.e. Source reduction, Project Manager Construction 20,000.00
Land clearing, Excavating, Filling
Solid Waste Recycling, Reuse, Combustion and Sanitary land filling. &Contractor phase
Construction, Welding, drilling,
etc. Construction workers
activities
Land clearing Increased Surface runoff and roof water shall be harvested and stored for reuse. Project Manager Construction 10,000.00
Excavating storm water, Leveling of the project site to reduce run-off velocity and increase &Contractor phase
runoff infiltration of storm water into the soil, interconnection of all open drains.

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Concrete work High water Harvest rainwater for construction activities usage, installation of water Project Manager Throughout 20,000.00
Wetting surfaces demand conserving taps and discharge meter to monitor total water usage & Contractor Construction
Cleaning completed structures phase
Construction workers activities One-off

Operation of Construction Energy Installing energy saving fluorescent tubes at all lighting points within the Building One-off 10,000.00
machineries and vehicles resource building and monitor energy use and set targets for efficient energy use management Continuous
(mainly concrete mixers, heavy utilization
and light trucks; concrete pumps;
concrete vibrators; dump trucks;
compactors, diesel generators;
water pumps)
Welding, drilling
Transient workers and suppliers Safety and Ensure the general safety and security at all times by providing day and Project Manager Continuous 10,000.00
within and around the project site security night security guards and adequate lighting within and around the &Contractor
construction site.
Movement of construction Increased Ensure all construction vehicles to and from the construction site use the Project Manager Throughout 5,000.00
transport vehicles traffic, designated Entry/Exit to the project site,cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and Site construction
Unloading construction material obstruction and other loose materials to avoid spillage and dust emissions that may Foreman period
outside the premises of project interfere with smooth motoring and access to driveways will be maintained /contractor
compound at all times.

Occupational provision adequate natural ventilation through circulation of fresh air project Manager, Continuous 10,000.00
Deep excavations;
Health And artificial and natural lighting in all parts the super structure in which Developer &
Operation and movement of heavy
Safety Risks persons are working or passing and all electrical equipment must be Contractor
equipment and vehicles;
falling objects; and construction earthed,
materials construction workers are provided with an adequate supply of wholesome
operating of hand tools. drinking water which should be maintained at suitable and accessible
points, clean, orderly, adequate and suitable washing facilities are provided
and maintained within the site

Operational phase Environmental Management Plan

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Project Activity Potential Proposed mitigation measures Institutional Implementatio Cost

Environmental Responsibly n schedule
Impacts (time frame)
Loading unloading, Dust generation/  Install ventilator Project manager operation 20,000.00
house cleaning impact on the  Paved the compound and access roads phases
existing air quality  Plant trees to serve as buffer zone
 Effects of exhausts, has to be controlled through planned maintenance of
vehicles.
 Minimizing the movement of vehicles particularly outside the premise of the
project site
General Workers Generation of Solid Efficient management of wastes generated at the facility through recycling, Project manager operation 10,000.00
activities Wastes reuse and proper disposal procedures. phases

Workers defecating, Increased water  Rain water harvesting and development of its own water sources, avoidance Project management operation 10,000.00
housekeeping and use of water leakage in the distribution network and by employees. phases
cooking
workers washing, Waste Water  Use of septic tanks; that involves the construction of underground concrete-
cooking, bathing and made tanks to store the sludge with soak pits. Project manager One-off 30,000.00
toilets Generation  Then transported and treated at the “Kalitti” wastewater treatment plant.
 the “Kalitti” wastewater treatment plant.
 as well, which transported and treated at the “Kalitti” wastewater treatment
plant.
 Usage of renewable energy, solar based power and setting up of an

Lighting, refrigerator, Tv Increased energy
consumption underground electrical network to minimize risks of electrical power losses Project management operation 10,000.00
and cuts during tropical storms. phases

Traffic Increased Traffic  Traffic management, maintenance of access to driveways and coordination
with the relevant authorities Building Management Daily 10,000.00
andTraffic/Parking
attendant
Increase population Increased  Conduct awareness campaigns on HIV/AIDS among the workers, residents Project manager, operation 5,000.00
HIV/AIDS and the locals, availing condoms NGOs and government phases
Incidence agencies

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 PESIA on primary school construction

Loading unloading, Impact on  Aware / trainer employees in safe working practice Project manager operation 30,000.00
driving , overall occupational  Control noise as much as possible, if it is beyond the maximum limit phases
operational activity health and safety standard, equip employees with PPE
 Naked wires should always be sealed
 Provision of firefighting equipment and hydrant points
 Display fire excavation procedures and emergency at the buildings
 Provision of sufficient fire exit points and fire assembly points
 Adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) should be provided
for employees
 The employer should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all
times. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible
throughout the place of work

Decommissioning phase Environmental and Social Management Plan

Project Activity Potential Proposed mitigation measures Institutional Implementatio Cost
Environmental Responsibly n schedule
Impacts (time frame)
Demolition work Increased Noise  Carrying out the decommissioning works only during the specified time
and vibration from, machineries maintenance to reduce noise resulting from friction Project Manager During 10,000.00
 provision of workers with Personal Protective Equipment and shielding Decommission
the area to reduce noise propagation phases
Air  Using efficient equipment and machines Project Manager During 10,000.00
qualitypollution  Using clean fuels and dust screens and removing components with Decommission
potential of emitting hazardous gases or particulates separately and under phases
caution to prevent emissions.
 watering demolition site
Solid waste  . Employing a waste management plan: reducing, reusing, recycling Project Manager During 10,000.00
generation recovering, rethinking and renovation & removing material from the Decommission
building before demolition to minimize the amount of waste phases
 allocating responsibilities for waste management and identifying all
sources of wastes, and ensuring wastes are handled
Health and safety  Adequate training of workers on the use of the equipment Project Manager During 10,000.00
 provision of workers with adequate PPEs &HSO Decommission
 Placing visible and readable signs around where there are risks and phases
undertaking the riskier
 Demolition activities first and in isolation, ensuring there is security in
and around the site to control the movement of people.

Total estimated cost 300,000

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8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

The major elements of the proposed environmental impact monitoring program that should be monitored
during the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the project are set out below:

 Compliance of construction works with site management and landscape plans.

 Inspection of quarry licenses to ensure earth materials are obtained only from licensed operators.
 Proper transportation and storage of construction material.
 The location of hard standings should be monitored bi-monthly to ensure that they are placed away
from drainage features on the site and do not end up in the marine environment.
 Earth materials transport to ensure that trucks are properly covered to prevent spillage and the
generation of dust.
 The proponent must immediately and completely clean up spills of materials in public areas.
 Solid waste disposal practices to ensure appropriate on-site management and final disposal at
approved dump.
 The labor camp ensures installation of toilets and the proper disposal of sewage and labor camp
solid waste.

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 PESIA on primary school construction

Table10. Environmental Monitoring plan

Construction phase Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan
Mitigation measures Parameters Location Measurements Frequency Responsibilities Cost
to be
Soil Stabilization, careful movement o f materials, equipment Soil eroded At the site and Reports and During the 5,000.00
and vehicles, refurbishment works using the soils displaced & Vegetation Surrounding field visits course of the Project management,
during the digging of foundations trenches,confining vehicular cleared construction contractor, site manager
movements to specific areas &green area development (Tree
work Regulatory Authority
planting).

Source building materials from local suppliers, ordering/utilizing Excavated At the site and No of local During the
actual construction material only and minimizing damage materials Surrounding suppliers course of the Project management, 5,000.00
through proper storage. management sourced construction contractor, site manager
.
planned work Regulatory Authority
utilization and
Minimal
Proper management of construction vehicles and machinery to Noise At the site and Reports
damage of andraw
field During the
switch off engines of vehicles or machinery not being used, the Surrounding inspection course of the Project management, 5,000.00
Use quiet equipment ,trees plantation to create buffer zone construction contractor, site manager
against noise propagation and Promotion of noise reduction work Regulatory Authority
measures.

provision of effective dust screen, sheeting or netting , Pave, Air quality / Regular air During the
apply water when necessary, or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers Amount of At the site and Quality course of the Project management, 5,000.00
on all unpaved access roads, parking areas and staging areas at particulate monitoring construction contractor, site manager
construction site, Post signs to limit vehicle speeds, proper emission Surrounding No of material work Regulatory Authority
management and maintenance of construction equipment and per day: pm spillage on road
machineries and sensitization of truck drivers and machine in air per No of workers
operators to avoid unnecessary racing of engines. day & community
compliant
Use of an integrated solid waste management system i.e. Source Solid waste At the site and Reports and All through
reduction, Recycling, Reuse, Combustion and Sanitary land managemen Surrounding field visits the Project management, 5,000.00
filling. t facilities construction contractor, site manager
work Regulatory Authority

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 PESIA on primary school construction

Surface runoff and roof water shall be harvested and stored for Surface and Project Manager & Report/inspection All through 30,000.0
reuse. Leveling of the project site to reduce run-off velocity and roof setup Contractor the Project management, 0
increase infiltration of storm water into the soil, interconnection construction contractor, site manager
of all open drains. work
Regulatory Authority
Harvest rainwater for construction activities usage, installation Water utility At the site  Water Monthly 5,000.00
of water conserving taps and discharge meter to monitor total meter reading Project management,
water usage. contractor, site manager
Regulatory Authority

Installing energy saving fluorescent tubes at all lighting points Energy At the site Practice of Monthly Project management, 5,000.00
within the building and monitor energy use and set targets for utility energy saving contractor, site manager
efficient energy use. techniques Regulatory Authority

Ensure the general safety and security at all times by providing Site At the site and Field visit and Throughout Project management, 2,000.00
day and night security guards and adequate lighting within and security surrounding compliant construction contractor, site manager
around the construction site. record period Regulatory Authority

Ensure all construction vehicles to and from the construction site Traffic At the site and No of traffic Throughout Project management, 10,000.00
use the designated Entry/Exit to the project site, cover all trucks surrounding accident / report construction contractor, site manager
hauling soil, sand and other loose materials to avoid spillage and period Regulatory Authority
dust emissions that may interfere with smooth motoring and
access to driveways will be maintained at all times.

Operational phase Environmental and Social Management Plan

Mitigation measures Parameters to Location Measurement Frequency Responsibilities Cost
be monitored

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 PESIA on primary school construction

 Install ventilator Dust/ Indoor and outdoor Air quality Annually Project 10,000.00
 Paved the compound and access roads particulate monitoring management and
 Plant trees to serve as buffer zone matter & Regulatory
 Effects of exhausts, has to be controlled through planned
authority
maintenance of vehicles.
 Minimizing the movement of vehicles particularly outside
the premise of the project site
Efficient management of wastes generated at the facility through Solid waste Within the project Observation and Project 5,000.00
recycling, reuse and proper disposal procedures. management compound report review on management and
practice available waste Throughout & Regulatory
management operational phase authority
facilities, No of
complains
Rain water harvesting and development of its own water Water utility At the site  Water Monthly Project
sources, avoidance of water leakage in the distribution network meter reading management and 5,000.00
and by employees. & Regulatory
authority
Use of septic tanks; that involves the construction of At the site  Observati Annually
underground concrete-made tanks to store the sludge with Liquid waste on Project 5,000.00
soak pits. management management and
facilities & Regulatory
Then transported and treated at the “Kalitti” wastewater
authority
treatment plant.
Usage of renewable energy, solar based power and setting up of Energy utility At the site Practice of energy Monthly
an underground electrical network to minimize risks of electrical saving techniques Project 5,000.00
power losses and cuts during tropical storms. management and
& Regulatory
authority
Traffic management, maintenance of access to driveways Traffic At the site and No of traffic Throughout 5,000.00
and coordination with the relevant authorities surrounding accident / report operational Project
period management and
& Regulatory
authority

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 PESIA on primary school construction

Conduct awareness campaigns on HIV/AIDS among the Awareness At the site and Interviewing, report Annually 2,000.00
workers, residents and the locals level on HIV surrounding inspection Project
management and
& Regulatory
authority
Aware / trainer employees in safe working practice Occupational At the site  OSH Throughout Project 10,000.00
Install ventilator health & training records construction management,
Control noise as much as possible, if it is beyond the maximum Safety  Safety and period contractor, site
limit standard, equip employees with PPE healthy procedures manager
Ensuring all electrical equipment and machinery are properly  Provision Regulatory
grounded of 1st aid boxes Authority
Naked wires should always be sealed and fie frightening
equipment’s
Provision of PPE

Decommissioning phase Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan

Mitigation measures Parameters to be Location Measurement Frequency Responsibilities Cost
monitored

 Carrying out the decommissioning works only Noise and At the site and Noise monitoring Throughout Project 5,000.00
during the specified time from, machineries maintenance vibration surrounding demolishing management,
to reduce noise resulting from friction work contractor, site
 provision of workers with Personal Protective manager
Equipment and shielding the area to reduce noise Regulatory
propagation Authority
 Using efficient equipment and machines Air quality At the site and Air quality/ dust / PM Throughout Project 30,000.00
 Using clean fuels and dust screens and removing surrounding measurement demolishing management,
components with potential of emitting hazardous gases or work contractor, site
particulates separately and under caution to prevent manager
emissions. Regulatory
 watering demolition site Authority

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 PESIA on primary school construction

 Employing a waste management plan: reducing, Solid waste Observation, report Throughout Project
reusing, recycling recovering, rethinking and generation At the site and inspection demolishing management, 30,000.00
renovation & removing material from the building surrounding work contractor, site
before demolition to minimize the amount of waste manager
 allocating responsibilities for waste management Regulatory
and identifying all sources of wastes, and ensuring Authority
wastes are handled

 Adequate training of workers on the use of the Health and safety Interview, inspection Throughout Project
equipment At the site and demolishing management, 30,000.00
 provision of workers with adequate PPEs surrounding work contractor, site
 Placing visible and readable signs around where manager
there are risks and undertaking the riskier Regulatory
 demolition activities first and in Authority
isolation ,ensuring there is security in and around
the site to control the movement of people.

Compliance audit including environmental monitoring Regulatory 30,000.00

cost Authority
External
Auditor
Environmental and social monitoring plan 139,000.00

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8.2.1Institutional Framework for Monitoring, Reporting and Supervision

In order to ensure that the identified environmental issues are addressed throughout the lifecycle of the
project, there is a need for all key stakeholders to collaborate. The main objective of this collaborating
network is to ensure that mitigation measures outlined in the contracts are being properly implemented by
the project owner. The main responsibilities of the collaborating network will be: -

 Complement the efforts for continuous monitoring and assessment of the implementation of
the environmental management plan.
 Liaise with respective local authorities on environmental issues which may arise during the
operation of the project.

Monitoring arrangements: To avoid deliberate creation of gaps between what actually gets implemented
on the ground, the contracts must spell out the sanctions for non-compliance with mitigation measures.
The developer/ project proponent is to compile an activity environmental report from the field visits that
will form the basis for assessment of environmental performance.

During operational phase: The local authority should be responsible form on it or in and management of
all indirect impacts occurring in the project area. The following table illustrates the different stakeholders
and their monitoring responsibilities and reporting.

8.3. Budget for Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

To execute the proposed mitigation measure and to deal with the expected impacts of the project, the
project proponent is committed to allocate ETB 200,000.00(two hundred thousand). The Company will
also form a unit of an environmentalist to implement the environmental management plan in accordance
of the schedule. The company believes that EMP needs close follow up of Sheger City, Galan Guda
Sub- City Environmental Protection authority and other respective, city and regional. Furthermore, the
project needs to seriously monitor the proper implementation of the environmental management plan. The
project is expected to report every six month regarding the implementation of the management plan of the
project.

9. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

9.1 Conclusion
 ESIA on Kindergarten and primary school construction

The proposed project will provide a new and conducive workplace to promote an effective and efficient
work environment for school construction and will therefore address the current demand for
unemployment in Sheger,Galan Guda Sub- City during construction and operational phase. The activities
for which the proposed development is intended are compatible with the neighborhood. The project has
been planned in full cognizance and in conformity to the requirements of the government. The project is
an environmentally low risk project and thus poses no significant threat to the environmental aspects of
the area. The negative and positive environmental impacts from the implementation of the proposed
project have been identified. Appropriate mitigation measures, management and monitoring plan have
been designed to address the identified negative impacts during construction, operation and
decommissioning phases.

10.2 Recommendations

The proponent and contractor are advised to implement the Environmental and Social Management and
monitoring Plan, so as to reduce adverse impacts and boost good Environmental practices. Guidelines on
environment, health and safety must also be followed in order to reduce incidences of accidents, health
problems and compromise to environmental wellbeing. Recommendations for the prevention and
mitigation of adverse impacts are as follows: -

 Needs to give attention to green belt development.

 Ensure that worker’s occupational health and safety standards are maintained through capacity
building, proper training, and providing protective clothing.
 The proponent/contractor should ensure that the proposed management plan is fully implemented.
 Heavy construction activities should be limited (or avoided) during the rainy season to minimize
the chances of soil degradation (soil erosion). Maintenance activities must be carried out in service
bay to reduce chances of oils or grease or other maintenance materials, from coming into contact
with environment (water or soil).
 Construction activities must be undertaken only during the day i.e. between 08:00 hours to
17:00hours. This will minimize disturbance to the general public within the proximity of the
project site.
 All solid waste materials and debris resulting from construction activities must be disposed offsite
to approve dumpsites. There should be proper waste segregation to allow for recycling. Some
excavation waste such as stone materials should be used for backfilling.

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 ESIA on Kindergarten and primary school construction

 There is need for workers’ awareness creation on the environmental management issues.
 Once the buildings are completed and fully occupied, the proponent should engage services of
waste management companies registered by the regulatory authority in compliance with
Environment Management and Coordination (Solid Waste) Proclamation No. 513/2007.
 A complete firefighting system must be provided after completion of the project. This must be
installed or provided at strategic points.
 During decommissioning phase of the project, the contractor should adopt the method of selective
demolition as far as practicable. This will enable the demolition and removal of wastes of the
same category on eat a time thus facilitates recycling of wastes for beneficial reuse, and
minimizing the burden on dumpsites.

References
1. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 1/1995.Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.

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 ESIA on Kindergarten and primary school construction

2. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1996), Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
3. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1997), Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
4. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (2000), Guideline Document: Environmental Assessment
and Management; EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
5. Ethiopian Central Statistics Authority, 2007
6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2002), Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation.
Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
7. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation.
Proclamation No. 299/2002. Addis Ababa.
8. FDRE EPA, 2003. Guideline for reviewing environmental impact study reports (final drafts), Addis
Ababa.
9. National Meteorology Agency, the climate information for the Project Area (2017)
10. MEDAC/EPA (1997). The conservation strategies of Ethiopia, Vlume1. The resource base, its
utilization and planning for sustainability, Addis Ababa.
11. Provisional standard for industrial pollution control in Ethiopia.
12. RGO, 2002b. Regulation for the establishment of Addis Ababa city Environmental Protection
Authority.
13. Zemene Muche, investigation on engineering properties of soil in Akaki-kality sub city, Addiss
Ababa, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, February, 2019.)

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