absorption chemical digestion digestion
The digestive system The digestive system The digestive system
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digestive system digestive tract enzyme
The digestive system The digestive system The digestive system
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large intestine liver oesophagus
The digestive system The digestive system The digestive system
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The breakdown of food into The breakdown of food by The movement of
simple nutrients the body saliva, stomach acid and substances through tiny
can absorb other digestive juices holes into the bloodstream
The digestive system breaks Chemical digestion forms new Water and nutrients are absorbed
food down into proteins, fats and substances, including simple through tiny pores in the lining of
carbohydrates that are needed by nutrients that can be absorbed the intestines.
the body. by the body.
A substance made by The connected organs that The group of organs that
the body to speed up food passes through as it is break food down into
chemical digestion broken down simple nutrients the body
can absorb
Enzymes in saliva break down The digestive tract starts at the
starch while enzymes in the small mouth and ends at the anus. Organs in the digestive system
intestine break down sugars include the stomach, liver,
and fats. pancreas, and small and large
intestines.
The tube that connects the A large organ that produces A wide tube where water is
throat to the stomach bile to help digest fats absorbed and most good
bacteria live
Food is squeezed through the The liver has many important
oesophagus by peristalsis, even functions in the body. It helps Good bacteria living in the large
if you’re hanging upside down. with digestion by producing bile. intestine help it break down fats
and complex carbohydrates.
peristalsis physical digestion small intestine
The digestive system The digestive system The digestive system
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stomach villus
The digestive system The digestive system
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A long, narrow tube where The breakdown of food by Involuntary muscle
most nutrients are absorbed mashing, grinding, churning contractions that push food
by the body or mixing through tubes
The small intestine has a large Physical digestion breaks food Peristalsis in the oesophagus and
surface area to efficiently absorb into smaller pieces without intestines moves food and liquid
nutrients into the bloodstream. forming any new substances. along the digestive tract.
A tiny finger-like structure A muscular pouch that
on the lining of the churns and squeezes food
small intestine into liquid
Villi increase the surface area Churning and squeezing help with
of the small intestine, allowing physical digestion. Gastric juices
nutrients to be absorbed more help with chemical digestion.
quickly.
alveolus breathing bronchiole
The respiratory system The respiratory system The respiratory system
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cellular
diaphragm diffusion
respiration
The respiratory system The respiratory system The respiratory system
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gas exchange intercostal muscle larynx
The respiratory system The respiratory system The respiratory system
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A tube that carries air The process used by animals A tiny air sac in a lung where
through a lung to exchange gases with gas exchange occurs
the atmosphere
Bronchioles branch out from the Alveoli are like tiny balloons with
trachea like tree roots and carry Breathing allows animals to take thin walls that allow efficient gas
air to and from the alveoli. in oxygen and get rid of waste exchange with the blood.
carbon dioxide.
The movement of molecules A large sheet of muscle that The process used by all living
from an area of high to low contracts to draw gas into cells to release energy
concentration the lungs
Cellular respiration uses oxygen
Gases diffuse between the air in The diaphragm contracts and and produces carbon dioxide as a
the lungs and the bloodstream, relaxes involuntarily, so we don’t waste product.
through the walls of alveoli. have to think about it.
The upper part of the A thin band of muscle The movement of oxygen
trachea, containing the between two ribs that helps into the blood and carbon
vocal cords with breathing dioxide out of it
Also called the voice box, the flow The intercostal muscles add to Gas exchange takes place in the
of air through the vocal cords the effect of the diaphragm and alveoli within the lungs and occurs
allows us to speak and sing. are involved in deep breathing. by diffusion.
lung pharynx respiratory system
The respiratory system The respiratory system The respiratory system
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trachea
The respiratory system
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A group of organs that allows The common pathway for air An organ where gas
an animal to exchange gases and food exchange occurs between
with its environment air and blood
The pharynx is located at the
Organs in the respiratory system back of the throat. Air can enter it The lungs inflate and deflate due
include the lungs, trachea, larynx through the nose or the mouth. to changes in air pressure as the
and pharynx. diaphragm contracts and relaxes.
The main airway between
the throat and the lungs
Also called the windpipe, the
trachea is surrounded by rings
of cartilage that keep it rigid
and open.
artery blood blood plasma
The circulatory system The circulatory system The circulatory system
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blood vessel capillary circulatory system
The circulatory system The circulatory system The circulatory system
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haemoglobin heart left atrium
The circulatory system The circulatory system The circulatory system
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A blood component made The fluid pumped by A tube that carries blood
of water with dissolved the heart around the away from the heart
nutrients and wastes circulatory system
Most arteries carry oxygenated
As well as transporting nutrients, Blood carries oxygen and blood to body cells. Arteries also
plasma helps blood flow easily nutrients to cells, and removes carry de-oxygenated blood to
through blood vessels. wastes. It also spreads heat to the lungs.
maintain body temperature.
The body system that moves A tiny blood vessel where Any tube that blood
blood throughout the body substances pass to and flows through
from the blood
The function of the circulatory Blood vessels come in three
system is to transport oxygen, Capillaries connect arteries main types: arteries, veins and
nutrients, wastes, hormones, and to veins, delivering oxygen capillaries.
heat around the body. to body cells and picking up
carbon dioxide.
A heart chamber that A muscular organ that A protein in red blood cells
receives blood from the lungs pumps blood around that transports oxygen
the body
A major vein carries oxygenated Blood gets its bright red colour
blood from the lungs to the left The heart is the central organ when haemoglobin picks up
atrium of the heart. in the circulatory system. The oxygen in the lungs.
human heart is divided into
four chambers.
left ventricle platelet red blood cell
The circulatory system The circulatory system The circulatory system
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right atrium right ventricle vein
The circulatory system The circulatory system The circulatory system
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white blood cell
The circulatory system
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A blood component that A blood component A heart chamber with thick
transports oxygen that helps form clots to walls that pumps blood to
stop bleeding the body
Red blood cells are specialized to
carry oxygen, which attaches to When you cut yourself, platelets The left ventricle pumps
the protein haemoglobin. clump together to form a clot and oxygenated blood through
stop the bleeding. arteries to body cells.
A tube that carries blood A heart chamber with thick A heart chamber that
back to the heart walls that pumps blood to receives blood from the body
Most veins carry de-oxygenated
the lungs
Veins carry de-oxygenated blood
blood from body cells back The right ventricle pumps from body cells to the right
to the heart. Veins also carry de-oxygenated blood through atrium of the heart.
oxygenated blood from the lungs. arteries to the lungs.
A blood component that
helps protect the body
from infection
White blood cells can be thought
of as an army that protects the
body against germs.
bladder excretion excretory system
The excretory system The excretory system The excretory system
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kidney ureter urethra
The excretory system The excretory system The excretory system
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The body system that gets The removal of waste A muscular pouch that
rid of waste products products from the body receives and stores urine
The excretory system includes Waste products are filtered The bladder receives urine from
the kidneys, ureters, bladder from blood by the kidneys and the kidneys via the ureters and
and urethra. excreted from the body in urine. excretes it via the urethra.
The tube that carries urine A long tube that carries urine An organ that filters blood
out of the body to the bladder and excretes urine
The urethra is a part of the Ureters are a part of the excretory Kidneys are in the abdomen, near
excretory system, it carries urine system, they carry urine from the the liver and stomach, and filter
from the bladder out of the body. kidneys to the bladder. waste products from blood.
