MADURAI MEDICAL COLLEGE

1st YEAR QUESTION

BANK

MADURAI MEDICAL COLLEGE

FALCONDRONZ ‘19
1st YEAR QUESTION BANK
 Hey You,

I look easy, right?

I think you don't get me properly.
Patho and Pharm are my brothers.

If you are weak, my brothers will horrify you.

I can demolish you.

My name is PHYSIOLOGY and I will explain

the normal functioning of the human body
All the best man !

WE HOPE THIS Q-BANK HELPS YOU IN YOUR

PREPARATION

ALL THE BEST!

 INSTRUCTIONS

* FALCONDRONZ'19 Question bank covers both

past year questions and case based questions to
equip you to answer questions under the latest
CBME guidelines.

* The past year questions have been assorted

according to the number of repeats and
questions which could possibly be asked in the
future are included.

* This question bank is intended to only guide you

and is a subset of questions that could be asked
in the University Exams and therefore should
NOT be used as the only source of knowledge.

*Case based questions have been verified by

experienced professors.

* Focus on the applied aspects under each topic

and substantiate your answers with appropriate
reasoning and diagrams.
 PHYSIOLOGY
PAPER I

TOPIC

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

HAEMATOLOGY

NERVE AND MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY

REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

PAPER II

TOPIC
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

CNS

SPECIAL SENSES

CASE BASED QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

 PHYSIOLOGY

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

Short notes

1. Facilitated diffusion (8)

2. Phagocytosis (4)
3. Negative feed back mechanism(3)
4. Primary active transport (3)
5. Secondary active transport (3)
6. Feed back mechanism (3)
7. Intercellular connections (2)
8. Transport mechanism across the cell membrane (2)
9. Positive feed back mechanism(2)
10. Functions of mitochondria(2)
11. Carrier mediated transport(2)
12. Classify fluid compartments in our body and give their normal
values.mention some methods to determine ECF volume
13. Cell junctions
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

HEMATOLOGY

ESSAY

1. Describe the various stages and the factors requlating Erythropoiesis,Add a

note (a) sickle cell anemia (b) Polycythemia (9)
2. Define hemostasis, describe the briefly about the mechanisms of clotting,
add a note on hemophilia (6)
3. Define Immunity. Discuss in detail about various types of Immunity.Add note
on Autoimmune disease.(7)
4. What do you understand by the terms innate and acquired
immunity?Describe the phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity (3)
5. Describe the ABO and Rh blood groups, Clinical significance. Add a note on
cross matching(3)
6. Describe the structure, synthesis and functions of platelets. Add a note on
fibrinolysin system in the blood (3)
7. Describe the physiological roles of the different types of granulocytes
circulating in blood

SHORT NOTES

1. Anti coagulants (9)

2. Functions of platelets (8)
3. Erythroblastosis foetalis(6)
4. Plasma proteins (6)
5. Haemophilia(3)
6. Starling forces and pathophysiology of edema?(2)
7. Erythropoietin (2)
8. T lymphocytes (2)
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

9. Significance of Rh group (2)

10. Monocyte macrophage system (2)
11. Describe the formation and functions of immunoqlobulins (2)
12. Transfusion reactions (2)
13. Tissue macrophage system (2)
14. Reticuloendothelial system
15. Thalassemia
16. Albumin globulin ratio
17. Fate of hemoglobin after hemolysis
18. ESR
19. Red cell indices
20.Functions of neutrophil

NERVE MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

ESSAY

1. Write in detail the electron microscopic structure of skeletal muscle and

the molecular mechanism of muscular contraction, Add a note on Rigor
Mortis (4)
2. Excitation contraction coupling. Add note on muscle relaxation(4)
3. Mention the different types of smooth muscles, discuss their structure,
functions and energetics when compared to that of a skeletal muscle(2)
4. Neuromuscular junction-structure,mechanism,transmission and
dysfunction.Add a note on myasthenia gravis

SHORT NOTES
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

1. Draw a neat labeled diagram of neuro-muscular junction and explain the

events in neuromuscular transmission (8)
2. Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle (5)
3. Sarcomere /ultrastructure of skeletal muscle(2)
4. Sarco tubular system (3)
5. Simple muscle twitch(3)
6. Smooth muscle (2)
7. Resting membrane potential (2)
8. Molecular basics of action potential(2)
9. Wallerian degeneration
10. Chronaxie and rheobase
11. Action potential curve
12. Difference between three types of muscles(skeletal, cardiac and smooth)
13. Isotonic and isometric contraction
14. Nernst equilibrium
15. Role of calcium ion in skeletal muscle contraction

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

ESSAY

1. Describe the composition, functions, different phases and regulation of

secretion of gastric juice(8).Add a note on peptic ulcer
2. Describe the composition, function and regulation of secretion of
pancreatic juice (6)
3. What are the different types of salivary glands? Describe the composition,
functions and regulation of secretion of saliva (3)
4. Describe the various phases and mechanism of gastric secretion and
regulation with experimental evidence
5. Enumerate the functions of liver and write about Jaundice
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

6. Describe in detail the phases of deglutition

7. Describe the enteric and colonic movements, discuss the role of the enteric
nervous system, add a note on defaecation
8. Describe digestion and absorption of fat in the digestive tract. Write a note
on steatorrhoea
9. Describe the digestion and absorption of proteins in the digestive tract.
Write a note on malabsorption

SHORT NOTES

1. Small intestinal movements (9)

2. Regulation of Hcl secretion in the gastric parietal cells (5)
3. Explain components and functions of bile (3)
4. Enterohepatic circulation of bile (3)
5. Gastric emptying (3)
6. Regulation of salivary secretions (2)
7. Explain mechanism of secretion of hydrochloric acid in stomach(2)
8. Exocrine functions of pancreas (2)
9. Hepatic and gall bladder bile
10. Succus entericus (2)
11. Deglutition(2)
12. Peristalsis (2)
13. Micelle formation
14. Counter current blood flow in the villi
15. Functions of large intestine
16. Gastro intestinal hormones
17. Vomiting
18. Myoenteric reflex
19. Enzymes involved in digestion of fat
20.Migrating motor complex
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

RENAL SYSTEM

ESSAY

1. Describe the structure of the glomerular filter bed, and the factors
affectinq GFR. Add a note on measurement of qlomerular filtration rate.
Explain why Inulin clearance indicates GFR(7)
2. Describe the mechanism of urine formation (4)
3. Explain the counter current mechanism in the concentration of urine. Add
a note on diuresis (3)
4. Describe the filling and emptying of the urinary bladder, How is micturition
controlled?

SHORT NOTES

1. Micturition reflex (10)

2. Cystometrogram(7)
3. Counter current exchanger (4)
4. Glomerular filtration rate (3)
5. Juxta Glomerular apparatus (3)
6. Non-excretory functions of kidney (2)
7. Peculiar features of Renal circulation(2)
8. Tubuloglomerular feed back (2)
9. Reabsorption of water in tubules of kidney (2)
10. Counter current system in kidney(2)
11. Acidification of urine (2)
12. Renal functions tests (2)
13. Functions of skin(2)
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

14. Factors affecting Glomerular Filtration Rate

15. Tubular maximum of glucose
16. Limiting pH
17. Regulation of acid base balance by body
18. Measurement of renal blood flow
19. Concept of renal clearance
20. Describe the nerve supply to the urinary bladder and micturition

ENDOCRINOLOGY

ESSAY

1. What is the normal level of glucose in the blood, how is blood glucose
maintained within normal limits, Add a note on Diabetes mellitus (7)
2. Describe the synthesis and functions of thyroid hormones. write a note on
Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroidism (7)
3. Name the hormones concerned with the calcium metabolism. Describe
their synthesis and functions. Add a note on the clinical manifestations of
hyposecretion of them (3)
4. Give an account of the hormones of adrenal cortex, their site of production
and the requlation of their secretion(3)
5. Enumerate the hormones of the anterior pituitary, briefly explain the
mechanism of their secretion, discuss the actions of growth hormones and
their disorders (2)
6. Give an account of the hormones of neurohypophysis. How are they
requlated?
7. Actions of paratharmone
8. Describe the actions of insulin on (a) Adipose tissue (b) Skeletal Muscle (c)
Liver. Add a note on regulation of insulin secretion
9. Describe the synthesis, storage, release and actions of adrenal medullary
hormones
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

SHORT NOTES

1. Neuroendocrine reflex(8)
2. Tetany(4)
3. Thyroid function test(4)
4. Acromegaly (4)
5. Cushing syndrome (4)
6. Functions of glucocorticoids (5)
7. Second messengers (2)
8. Diabetes insipidus (2)
9. Myxedema (2)
10. Hormonal control of plasma calcium(2)
11. Role of pancreas as an endocrine gland(2)
12. Stimuli for secretion of aldosterone and actions of aldosterone (2)
13. Conn's syndrome(2)
14. Actions of growth hormone (2)
15. Hypersecretion of growth hormone(2)
16. Dwarfism (2)
17. Neurohumoral reflex
18. G-Protein Coupled receptors
19. cAMP signaling pathway, with an example
20.Pituitary Dwarfism
21. Thyrotoxicosis
22. Difference between cretinism and dwarfism
23. Pancreatic C-peptide and its significance as a laboratory test.
24. Aldosterone escape
25. Functions of cortisol
26. SIADH
27. Difference between actions of adrenaline and nor adrenaline

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

Essay

1. Describe the hormonal and endometrial changes occurring during a

normal menstrual cycle(4)
2. What is menstrual cycle, Explain the ovarian changes taking place during
menstrual cycle.

SHORT NOTES

1. Spermatogenesis(8)
2. Functions of placenta (6)
3. Pregnancy tests (6)
4. Tests to detect ovulation (5)
5. Fetoplacental unit (5)
6. Contraceptive methods in female (4)
7. Fetomaternal unit (3)
8. Explain the hormonal regulation of menstrual cycle (2)
9. Hormones involved in the menstrual cycle(2)
10. Ovulation (2)
11. Tests of fertility in male (2)
12. Parturition(2)
13. Placental hormones (2)
14. Functions of testosterone (2)
15. Effects of castration in male before and after puberty (2)
16. Semen analysis (2)
17. HCG (2)
18. Immunological tests for pregnancy (2)
19. Puberty (2)
20. Milk ejection reflex(2)
21. Oral contraceptives (2)
22. Sertoli cell
23. Describe the biosynthesis, secretion and actions of testosterone
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

24. What is the function of corpus luteum of pregnancy? How is it supported

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

ESSAY

1. Draw an oxygen dissociation curve & Describe how oxygen is transported in

the blood. Depict the Bohr effect. Add a note on Fetal hemoglobin.Add a
note on significance of P50 (7)
2. Name the respiratory centres. Describe in details about the chemical
regulation of respiration. Distinguish between the two types of
respiratoryfailure. Add a note on oxygen toxicity (5)
3. Describe the neural requlation of respiration. Add a note on periodic
breathing (2)
4. What is hypoxia? Explain the differenttypes of hypoxia with examples.
What types respond to oxygen therapy.Add a note on acclimatization at
high altitudes (2)

SHORT NOTES

1. Surfactant (9)
2. Lung compliance (8)
3. Decompression sickness (7)
4. Chloride shift (7)
5. Artificial respiration (6)
6. Non respiratory functions of lung (5)
7. Special features of pulmonary circulation (4)
8. Oxygen dissociation curve (4)
9. Dead space (3)
10. Caisson disease (3)
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

11. Define FRC, RV, and Minimal volume, and their clinical significance (2)
12. Ventilation perfusion ratio(2)
13. C02 transport (2)
14. Hering - Breuer reflex (2)
15. Cyanosis (2)
16. Acclimatisation at high altitude (2)
17. Intrapleural pressure
18. Airway resistance
19. Lung function tests
20.Maximum Breathing capacity
21. Lung volumes and capacities with diagram
22. Respiratory membrane
23. Haldane's effect
24. Dyspnoeic index
25. Voluntary hyperventilation
26. Asphyxia
27. Cheyne - stokes respiration
28. Heat stroke
29. Respiratory changes during moderate exercise
30.V02 Max
31. Polysomnography
32. How Alveoli Function for Effective Gas exchange?
33. Physioloqical changes in human body during exercise

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ESSAY

1. What is systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean arterial pressure? Describe the
short-term regulation of Arterial blood pressure (7)
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

2. Draw a normal ECG of Lead Il. Describe the waves(5)

3. Describe in detail with diagram. Left ventricular, left arterial and aortic
pressure changes during a cardiac cycle. What is second heart sound (4)
4. Describe the structure and function of the conductive system of the heart
and compare the action potential of ventricular muscle and pacemakers
(3)
5. Describe with help of diagram electrical, mechanical and volume changes
during one cardiac cycle, add note on heart sounds (2)
6. Define cardiac output. Discuss the factors regulating cardiac output. Add
note on Fick's principle (2)
7. What is vasomotor center? What are its inputs and functions ?
8. Discuss the short term and long term requlation of Arterial blood pressure.
Add a note on Neurogenic Hypertension.
9. Describe the coronary circulation and its special features
10. Describe the fetal circulation and discuss it special features. Add a note on
patent ductus arteriosis.
11. What are the types of muscular exercise? Discuss the various physiological
changes occurring during and after exercise

SHORT NOTES

1. Pacemaker potential (10)

2. Regulation of coronary circulation (5)
3. Heart sounds (5)
4. Triple response (4)
5. Jugular Venous Pulse (3)
6. Chemoreceptors (3)
7. Draw and describe a normal arterial tracing (3)
8. Special features of coronary circulation(3)
9. Discuss the changes in ventricular volume during different phases of the
cardiac cycle with a diagram (3)
10. Arterial baroreceptors (2)
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

11. Hypovolemic shock (2)

12. Sino aortic Reflex / mechanism (2)
13. Kirchoffs Law and Einthoven's law (2)
14. Baroreceptor reflex (2)
15. Draw and describe a typical local vascular bed. What are the factors
regulating local blood flow (2)
16. Foetal circulation (2)
17. Factors affecting cardiac output
18. Ventricular action potential
19. Pacemaker potential
20.Laplace law
21. Reynold number
22. List the calcium transporters on the sarcoplasmic reticular membrane in
the ventricular muscle
23. Auto rhythmicity of heart
24. Preload and afterload
25. refractory period
26. Phonocardiogram
27. Cardiac index
28. Frank-starling's law of heart
29. Vagal tone
30.Windkissel effect
31. Cushing's reflex
32. Features of shock
33. Heart failure
34. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

ESSAY
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

1. Name the functional divisions of the cerebellum. Describe the structure,

connections, and functions of cerebellum(9)
2. Describe the connections and functions of Basal ganglia. note on
parkinsonism(6)
3. Classify Synapse and describe the mechanism of transmission across the
synapse. Mention the various properties of synapse. note on
neurotransmitters (4)
4. Describe the origin, course and termination of corticospinal tract. Mention
its function and the effects of lesion in the internal capsule.note on
Hemiplegia (4)
5. Enumerate the descending tracts of spinal cord. Describe in detail the
pyramidal tracts. Mention its functions and effects of lesion at different
levels (3)
6. Describe the various nuclei, connections and functions of thalamus. Add a
note on thalamic syndrome (3)
7. Hypothalamus: Enumerate the Nuclei of Hypothalamus. Explain the
connection and functions of hypothalamus. Note on hypothalamic obesity
(2)
8. Enumerate the ascending tracts in the spinal cord. Describe the pathway
of pain in detail. Discuss the descending pain modulatory pathways. Add
a note on referred pain & Gating pain (2)
9. Classify pain. What are the receptors for pain? Describe the dual pathways
for pain. What is Analgesic system in the brain?
10. Explain the role of vestibular apparatus in posture and equilibrium. Add a
note on Meniere's syndrome
11. What are otolith organs? Explain their mechanism of action and the
physiological function.
12. What is sleep. Describe the stages of sleep. What will be the electrical
activities recorded during the different stages of sleep

SHORT NOTES
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

1. Brown sequard syndrome (9)

2. Functions of thalamus(6)
3. Saltatory conduction (4)
4. Functions of hypothalamus (4)
5. Parkinson's Disease with treatment (4)
6. Decerebrate rigidity (3)
7. Describe Composition ,formation, circulation an functions of cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) (3)
8. Define synapse, Describe the mode of transmission at a synapse (3)
9. Basal ganglia and its functions(3)
10. Blood brain barrier (3)
11. Role of myelin sheath in conduction of nerve impulse (2)
12. Neuroglia (2)
13. Sensory receptors (2)
14. Properties of synapse (2)
15. Mention features of thalamic syndrome (2)
16. Control of appetite (2)
17. EEG Rhythm(2)
18. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep(2)
19. Difference between pyramidal tract and extrapyramidal tract
20.Spinal shock
21. Golgi tendon reflex
22. Tract of Gall and Burdach
23. Discuss the functions of limbic system
24. Functions of ascending reticular activating system
25. Postural reflex
26. Nystagmus
27. Berger's Rhythm
28. Aphasias
29. Functions of CSF and methods to get a sample of CSF
30.Functions of Basal Ganglia
31. Speech areas and Aphasia
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

SPECIAL SENSES

ESSAY

1. Trace the visual pathway and the effects of lesion at various points in the
pathway (5)
2. Describe the various refractory errors of the eye. Explain the physiological
basis of their correction
3. With the help of diagram, describe the auditory pathway. Add a note on
conduction deafness
4. Elucidate how pressure vibrations in the air are perceived as sound

SHORT NOTES

1. Taste pathway (11)

2. Functions of middle ear (10)
3. Dark adaptation (9)
4. Errors of refraction (8)
5. Accomodation reflex(7)
6. Organ of Corti (5)
7. Explain theories of Hearing (5)
8. Colour vision (4)
9. Taste Receptors (4)
10. Color blindness (3)
11. Aqueous humour and it function(2)
12. Neural Organisation of retina (2)
13. Pathway of taste sensation (2)
14. Olfactory pathway (2)
15. Functions of Rods and Cones
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

16. Cochlear microphone potential

17. Structure and functions of middle ear
18. Blind spot
19. Visual acuity
20. Discuss the phenomena by which sound waves in air induce action
potentials in the cochlear nerve
21. Mechanism of phototransduction
22. Classify taste substances. Describe diagrammatically the taste pathways
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

DISCLAIMER
The case based questions in the Question bank are given in
the view of considering the new CBME Curriculum. This is
your first university exam and you might not be able to
answer all the questions. No need to worry and get
demotivated

PHYSIOLOGY CASE BASED QUESTION

Hematology

1) A 35-year-old female complains of breathlessness, loss of appetite,

apathy and easy fatiguability. Examination of the patient revealed pallor,
koilonychia, increased heart rate and systolic murmur
Peripheral blood film :RBC are microcytic and hypochromic
a)define anemia
b) classification of anemia
c) name the nutrient deficient here .also explain the metabolism of that
nutrition in the body
d) diagnosis and treatment

2) A 45-year-old male complains of indigestion, diarrhea, soreness in

angles of mouth, loss of appetite and tingling sensation in the hands and
feet. Examination of the patient revealed angular stomatitis, red beefy
tongue and peripheral neuropathy.
a) diagnosis
b) deficient nutrient and its metabolism in
the body
c) steps of erythropoiesis
d) blood picture of this case

3) A young boy of 8-year-old complained of a swollen knee after he fell

from the bicycle. He also complained of some bluish discoloration of the
skin of right arm. His past history is suggestive of prolonged bleeding even
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

after minor injury. On examination he was found to have a hematoma of

the knee. His lab investigations show prolonged CT, APTT with normal BT
and PT. His hemoglobin is 9.0 g%.
a) probable diagnosis
b) explain clotting time,bleeding
time,aPTT,prothrombin time
c) explain the intrinsic pathway of blood
coagulation
d) why is aPTT prolonged here?

Musculoskeletal

1) A 25-year-old lady comes to OPD with chief complaints of weakness

and fatigability. Generally, during morning she does not feel any significant
weakness but, as day passes and she gets involved in routine household
works, weakness gradually starts to increase. The condition improves by
some rest or sleep. She also reports double vision and difficulty in
swallowing.
• Electrodiagnostic testing shows decremental response
a)probable diagnosis
b) pathophysiology behind the condition
c) how is this condition different from lambert eaton syndrome?
d)Management

GIT

1) A 35 year old woman visits ur OPD with chief complaints of pain in

epigastrium which increase after taking food. With past history of intake of
painkillers for her headache
a) provisional diagnosis.
b) etiology of this problem
c)postprandial alkaline tide
d)investigation and management

2) A52-year-old man presents with complaints of retrosternal

burning,regurgitation of food and retrosternal pain for the past 4 months.
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

The symptoms have worsened now specially after a heavy meal and on
lying down. He has no complaints of difficulty in swallowing or weight loss.
The patient has been taking a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) regularly over
the past 12 weeks with partial resolution of his symptoms.
a)provisional diagnosis
b)pathophysiology
c) why the pain raises after a meal?
d) why there is partial resolution of
symptoms after taking proton pump
inhibitors?

3) A 43-year-old female complains of:

a. Yellowish discoloration of eyes since 7 days
b. Pain in right hypochondrium which is radiating to right shoulder since 7
days
c. Fever since 2 days

a) probable diagnosis.classify the types

b) Name some liver function tests
c)bilirubin metabolism
d)hemolytic anemia increases
unconjugated bilirubin level .why?
e)significance of SGOT SGPT in this
condition

Renal

1) A 41-year-old male with a long-standing history of hypertension and

diabetes presents with complaints of pruritus, lethargy, lower extremity
edema, nausea and emesis. He denies any other medical illness.
• Serum creatinine: 16 mg/dL (reference value <1 mg/dL).
• Blood urea nitrogen: 170 mg/dL. (reference value 20-40 mg/dL).
a)urine is concentrated,why? Explain the mechanism
b)protein diet helps In urine concentration. Explain?
c)principle behind dialysis

2) A 55-year-old male presents to OPD with complaints of shortness of

breath. Bilateral pitting edema ,hepatomegaly,cardiomegaly seen
Jugular venous pressure(JVP) is 4cm
a) provisional diagnosis
b) Diuretics is the primary line of treatment. why?
c)Classify Diuretics
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

d) ethanol increases urine production.why?

3) A 21-year-old male comes to the urologist with pain in

the suprapubic region and dribbling micturition. He had met with a Road
Traffic Accident (RIA) one year back with complete transaction of the
spinal cord at the level of L1, L2, and is now in the recovery phase. On
leading question, the patient confirms that he has to void urine at regular
intervals, Patient is normotensive, non-diabetic, non-smoker and a non-
alcoholic
1.What is your provisional diagnosis?
2.Enumerate the various bladder dysfunctions.
3. Describe the innervation of the urinary bladder

Endocrine

1) A 35-year-old nurse complained of nervousness, mood swings,

weakness, and
palpitations with exertion for the past 6 months. Recently, she noticed
excessive sweating and wanted to sleep with fewer blankets than her
husband.Her eyes are proptotic Menstrual periods had been regular but
there was less bleeding.
Lab Investigations
• Serum T4 = 20.6 ug/dL (Reference value: 5-12 ug/dL)
• Serum T3 = 3.0 ug/dL (Reference value: 5.0-12.0 ug/dL)
• Serum TSH is 0.15 IU/mL (Reference value: 0.4-3.5 IU/mL)
a)thyroid insufficiency causes mental
retardation for life.why?
b) synthesis of thyroid hormone
d)is cabbage a goitrogen?

2) Mr Sharma, 47-year-old obese man, attends your OPD with a complaint

of tingling sensation in fingers. He has observed that he has an increased
frequency of micturition and he feels thirsty all the time. Of late, he has an
urge to eat more and more. The family history of type 2 DM present in the
father and maternal grandfather. He has been on antihypertensive
medication since 4 years.
HbA1c=8.5%
a) provisional diagnosis?
b) pathophysiology behind weight loss inspite of increased food intake.
why?
c) acidotic breathing is seen in this condition. Why?
d)Mechanism of synthesis of the deficient hormone.
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

3) A 27-year-old female presented with a complaint of gain in weight of

approximately 10 kg over 1 year. She also complained of increased blood
loss during her periods.
Physical examination:
Moon like face and fragile skin.
There is a collection of subcutaneous fat at the base of her neck (buffalo
hump).
a) provisional diagnosis
b) cortisol used in organ transplant .why?
c) effect of cortisol on fat metabolism.

4) 35-year-old woman presents with a history of acne, oily skin, and mild
hirsutism.she has a protruding jaw and enlarged tongue.Enlargement of
hand feet and kyphosis.
a) provisional diagnosis
b) Visual changes caused in this condition. Why?
c) here hypersecretion of the hormone occurs before or after fusion of
epiphysis?
d) pathophysiology behind acanthosis nigricans in this condition

Reproduction

1) Angie comes in to get emergency contraception. The condom broke last

night. Her LMP started 12 days ago and she has a regular monthly cycle.
She doesn't take any medications. Her BMI is 32
a) classify contraceptives and explain some methods of contraception
b)prescribe the best method of contraception for her now?

CVS

1) A 55-year-old male presents to OPD with complaints of shortness of

breath.During sleep, he often gets an attack of severe shortness of breath
and coughing which wakes him from sleep. This episode of coughing
persists even in sitting position.JVP elevated .Bilateral pitting
edema ,cardiomegaly ,hepatomegaly seen
a) provisional diagnosis
b) normal ECG on lead 2
c) JVP draw and explain
d) Increased diastolic volume increases cardiac output. why?
Or
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

a)provisional diagnosis
b)cardiac cycle
c)gallop rhythm

2) Parents of a 5-year-old girl had brought her to emergency in a semi-

conscious state. She had 7-8 episodes of loose motions and 4 episodes of
vomiting in a day. It was associated with intermittent abdomen pain.
Previously she had some food from a street vendor.
General physical examination: The patient is drowsy, opening eyes only for
painful stimuli. Pulse = 120/min, regular, low
volume pulse, BP = 90/70 mm Hg, temperature 100°F. Skin turgor is
reduced; mouth and tongue are dry. Respiratory rate is
24/min and shallow.
a) provisional diagnosis
b)compensatory mechanisms
c) in this condition,she should not be covered in blankets why?
d) iv adrenaline is the primary
treatment .why?

3) A 68-year-old obese male patient was brought to emergency by

ambulance. He complained of sharp, stabbing pain in the center of the
chest and discomfort in the left shoulder. HE had a previous history of
episodes of chest discomfort which he described as chest heaviness.
Moderate to heavy exertion were the aggravating factors. He had mild
dyspnea and nausea accompanying the pain. He also had intermittent
palpitations since last evening.here troponin T and Ck MB are raised.
a) provisional diagnosis
b)peculiarities of coronary circulation
c)ECG findings
d)biochemical markers significant in this condition
Or
a) provisional diagnosis
b)Regulation of coronary circulation
c)Fick principle
d) why streptokinase is used here.

4) A patient came to the OPD With chief complaints of

blurred vision,fainting,headache,nose bleeding,tachypnea with blood
pressure of 160 /90mm hg
a) provisional diagnosis
b) Sinoaortic reflex (baroreceptor).explain?
c)blood pressure is inversely
proportional to heart rate.yes or no?
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

d)korotkoff sounds.explain

Respiratory system

1) A premature infant of a diabetic mother was born with respiratory

distress with respiratory rate more than 60 per minute, X-ray whiteout
lung, histology-
groundglass appearance….
a)provisional diagnosis
b)synthesis and regulation of the deficient one
c)steroids is the primary level of treatment. Why?
d)why premature infants are more prone?

2) A 60-year-old male patient came to our OPD with complaint of

breathlessness for the last 5 years and cough with sputum production for
the last 5 years. He was a chronic smoker for the last 30 years. He was
asymptomatic for most of the months but symptoms used to increase
during winter. Initially, he was breathless during doing heavy work only but
now he feels breathlessness even while doing routine work also. His
sputum was clear white coloured, about 100 mL./day.
(FEV,/FVC ratio <0.61)
a)provisional diagnosis
b)lung compliance is increased.if so why?
c)hysteresis loop
Or
a) provisional diagnosis
b) explain lung capacities and volumes
c) differentiate restrictive and obstructive lung disease based
on spirometric
parameters

3) 63 yr old male came to the opd with complaints of breathlessness

hemoptysis for the past 3 days He also admits to waking up in the middle
of the night,drenchedin sweat and also there is evening rise in
temperature
His sputum culture is positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis
a)provisional diagnosis
b) Apex is commonly affected than base.why?
c) Explain ventilation perfusion ratio.
d) physiological importance of VP ratio
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

4) Satish, 20 year old, resident of Delhi, went for a 4 day trip to a hill
station (2900 m height) in Himachal Pradesh.Few hours after reaching
the hill station, he started to feel mental and physical fatigue, headache,
dizziness and nausea.
Clinical examination:
• Radial pulse rate-76 pulse per minute
• Respiratory rate-17 breaths per minute
Body temperature- 97°F.
a) provisional diagnosis
b) Carbondioxide facilitates oxygenation .why?
c) people residing in mountains have high affinity for oxygen. Why?

CNS

1) After falling from the stairs, a 62-year-old man complained of loss of

touch sensation in the left lower limb and stiffness in the right lower limb.
Examination of CNS Revealed
• Loss of all sensations in the right side of the body 1 cm above umbilicus
and flaccid paralysis.
• Loss of fine touch, proprioception, two point discrimination and vibration
in right side of body below the area of umblicus
complete anesthesia along with spastic paralysis, exaggerated deep
reflexes and lost superficial reflexes in right side of
body. Below umblicus
• Loss of touch, temperature, pain and pressure sensation in the left side of
body, 2 cm below the area of complete anesthesia,
with no motor abnormality.
a) probable diagnosis
b)pathophysiology of disease
c) which tracts are involved and how in this injury
OR
a) provisional diagnosis
b) why there is flaccid paralysis at level of umbilical
c) why there is spastic paralysis below level of lesion

2) Harish, a-60-year-old male, reported diffculty in initiating any motor

activity like walking, brushing his teeth, etc. He also mentioned that, with
aging, his motor activities had become slower. Doctor also noted that
while he was sitting, there were tremors in his hand.His tremors stop by
doing any activities The patient had a mask like face and had a festinant
gait and a tendency to fall forward
a)provisional diagnosis
b)pathophysiology of the disease
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

c) pathophysiology of hypokinetic clinical feature in this condition.

d)physiological basis of hyperkinetic features in this condition.

3) A 30-year-old male non-smoker, social drinker was admitted as a case

of motor vehicle accident. On admission patient was diagnosed to have
suffered from severe concussion and fracture left radius. He was
treated.Neurological assessment of the patient show that patient
had poor balance and postural instability.
On examination;
Saccadic eye movements present
Intentional tremors present
Unable maintain balance and standing posture
a)probable diagnosis
b)Functional division of the affected part
c)here romberg sign is positive or not
d )explain charcot triad

4) A 70-year-old male presented with chief complaints of sudden onset

of repetitive speech, restlessness and irrelevant talk.
• Patient was apparently normal 2 hours back when he suddenly started
repeating words which had no meaning and
was not able to understand what the family was speaking.
CNS examination
Patient is conscious, irritable and agitated.
Speech
• Repetitive talks, neologism present
Comprehension impaired
Naming impaired
a) provisional diagnosis
b) differentiate global from sensory aphasia
c)area of lesion
d) dysarthria vs aphasia

5) Puan Suraya, a 40 year old schoolteacher complains of inability to

sleep well for more than 2 years. She regularly goes to bed at 10 pm but is
unable to sleep until 1 am. She experiences about 3-5 awakenings every
night and with each awakening requires about 30 minutes to fall asleep
again. Suraya, also experiences daytime fatigue and is unable to
concentrate in her work.
a) provisional diagnosis
b) draw normal EEG waves and explain
c) stages of sleep
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

Special senses

1) Nitesh, a 10-year-old boy, presented with complaints of pain in left ear

with some degree of hearing loss. Since the last 4 days, he has been
suffering from a sore throat.
Rinne’s test:postive in right ear
Negative in left ear
Webers test:lateralised to left ear
a) provisional diagnosis
b) what is rinne’s positive and negative mean?
c)mechanism of hearing explain?

ANSWERS
Haematology

1) Iron deficiency anemia

2) Vitamin B 12 deficiency

3) Haemophilia

Musculoskeletal system

1) Myasthenia gravis

Git

1) PUD

2) GERD

3) Jaundice

RENAL

1) Chronic renal failure

FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

2) Congestive cardiac failure

3) Neurogenic bladder

Endocrine

1) Graves disease

2) Diabetes mellitus

3) Cushing syndrome

4) Acromegaly

Reproduction

1) Contraceptive failure

2) Menorrhagia

CVS

1) CCF

2) Hypovolemic shock

3) MI

4) Hypertension

Respiration

1) NRDS

2) COPD

3) TB

4) Acute mountain sickness

CNS

1) Brown sequad syndrome

2) Parkinson's disease.

3) Cerebella ataxia
FALCONDRONZ ’19 QUESTION BANK

4) Sensory aphasia

5) Alzheimer's disease

6) Insomnia

Special sense

1) Conductive hearing loss