COOLING TOWERS

Scope
The scope of this section comprises the supply, erection, testing and commissioningof
cooling towers in accordance with requirements of the Schedule of Quantities.
Type
Cooling Towers shall be induced draft type in accordance with requirement of the
Schedule of Quantities.
Cooling towers shall meet the following.
 Cooling Tower shall be CTI certified for thermal performance and shall carry relevant
certification label.
 Range- Cooling tower shall be designed to cool the requisite quantity of water through 5.00
degree C or as specified in the tender specifications, against the prevailing wet bulb
temperature.
 Wet Bulb approach- The cooling tower shall be selected for a wet bulb approach of not more
than 2.77 degree C.
 Outlet temperature- The cold water temperature from the cooling tower shall match the
entering temperature for which the condenser selection is made.
 Flow rate- The water flow rate through the cooling tower shall match that through the
condenser.
 Multi cell design- The induced draft cooling tower shall be of one or more cells.
FRP Induced Draft Cooling Tower
Cooling Towers shall be suitable for outdoor use. Tower shall be vertical, induced draft,
counter/cross flow type. FRP construction, in rectangular / square profile, complete with fan,
motor, diffusion deck spray section, eliminators, steel supports, G.I ladder , eliminators,
automatic controls and sound attenuation equipment as per system and design requirements
equipment where called for in Schedule of Quantities.
One isolating switch with emergency stop button of appropriate rating shall be provided near
the cooling tower for maintenance purpose.
Capacity
The cooling tower capacities shall be as per the Schedule of Quantities. All coolingtowers
shall be certified by CTI (Cooling Tower Institute).
MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) cooling tower
(i) The structural framework of the cooling tower including all members shall be designed for
the load encountered during the normal operation of the cooling tower and its
maintenance. The structure shall be rugged and rigid to prevent distortion and shall
include tie arrangements as may be necessary.
(ii) The cooling tower shall be induced draft type, with FRP casing in square/ rectangular/
octagonal/ circular shape, and with an FRP basin to match the shape of the casing. The
casing may be in one or in sections bolted together with sealing gasket to make a leak
proof joint. The air intake shall be from openings all along the circumference of the casing
near its base in case of circular shape. Air Intake shall be along the sides in case of
square or octagonal/ rectangular cooling tower. These openings shall be covered with hot
dip galvanized expanded metal mesh screens.
(iii) The basin shall have a holding capacity adequate for operation for at least 30 minutes
without addition of make-up water to the basin. The construction should be such as to
eliminate the danger of drawing air into the pump when operating with minimum water in

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(v) The supporting framework for the tower casing and the water basin shall be made of hot
dip galvanized steel and it shall be further protected with epoxy painting.
(vi) The fill shall be of film PVC. Fillings shall be made of corrosion proof in honey comb
design and arranged in square / rectangular form. Thickness of PVC fills shall not be
less than 0.3 mm. Fill sheets shall be suspended from H.D.G steel structural tubing
supported from the lower structure & shall be elevated above the floor of the cold
water basin to facilitate cleaning and easy replacement .These shall be of such
construction as to provide low air resistance, large wetted surface for a high heat transfer
efficiency, and easy replace ability. Fill shall be fire retardant and chemically inert to
atmospheric impurities. Film fill, because it offers greater heat transfer efficiency, is the fill
of choice for applications where the circulating water is generally free of debris that could
plug the fill passageways.
(vii) The water distribution may be either through self-rotating or fixed type sprinklers or
through balancing, sub balancing and spreader troughs (unpressurised system) “open
gravity type with polypropylene nozzle”, ensuring uniform water loading and distribution of
water over the fill. All pipes and fittings shall be of PVC. The sprinklers shall operate from
the residual velocity head at the headers. Due care shall be taken with regard to
corrosive effects and maintainability in the design of the water distribution system.
(viii) Drift eliminators of PVC shall be provided for maximum removal of entrained water
droplets. The spacers and tie rods used shall be of plastic material.
(ix) The fan shall be multi-blade axial flow type, made up of FRP. The fan assembly shall be
statically and dynamically balanced.
(x) The fan drive shall be from a three phase TEFC squirrel cage induction motor of
efficiency class (Efficiency- 4 star or ≥IE (3+) & < IE (3++)), provided with class `F’
insulation, weather-proof construction, (IP55), designed either direct or through a spiral
gear work. The entire drive arrangement shall be designed for a minimum noise and it
shall be rigidly supported to the tower structure.
(xi) Motor shall be located outside the humid interior of cooling tower.
(xii) To ensure safety of personnel at the time of working on cooling tower a steel ladder shall
be provided in such a manner and location as necessary to give safe and complete
access to all the parts of the cooling tower requiring inspection or adjustments. The
ladder shall be bolted to the tower at the top and grouted in masonry at the bottom end.
(xiii) The noise level from cooling tower shall around 75 dBA from 3 meter distance all
around the cooling towers. Tower shall be mounted on suitable vibration mounts.
(xiv) Fan shall be protected by a fan guard and bird screen of galvanized steel
construction to prevent birds from nesting during idling period & shall be easily
accessible for inspection and maintenance.
(xv) Canopy/Enclosure shall be provided over the fan motor for protection against rain
water.

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