7.
By Cause and Effect
ENGLISH - The meaning of the
Quarter 1 – Module 1 difficult word depend on
the cause-effect
CONTEXT CLUES relationship of other
words as expressed in
the sentence.
Context Clues - are words that
8. By List or Series of
appear in sentences to help
clues
understand the meanings of
- To understand of the
difficult words.
unknown word, it is
included in a series of
CONTEXT CLUES ARE OF
words given in a
DIFFERENT TYPES:
sentence.
1. By Definitions
9. By Inference
- The unfamiliar word is
- To understand the
defined in a sentence.
meaning of the
2. By Synonyms
unknown word, one has
- A similar word is placed
to make a guess based
in the same sentence to
on the description given
know the meaning of
in the sentence.
the unfamiliar word.
3. By Antonyms
- An opposite word is BIBLIOGRAPHY
placed in the same A Bibliography is taken from
sentence. the Greek word ‘biblion’ and
4. By Comparison ‘graphia’ which means ‘to
- A similar word with the write.’
same meaning of the
unfamiliar word is A bibliography contains an
placed with an object to alphabetical list of sources like
be compared. books, periodicals, and
5. By Example websites used by the writer or
- Samples are provided in researcher.
the sentence to
understand the The Chicago Manual of Style
meaning of the (CMOS) which is often used in
unfamiliar word. many academic fields, especially
6. By Explanation in the humanities and social
- A description is given to sciences.
understand the
meaning of the In this module, we will follow the
unfamiliar word. bibliography annotation
standard specified in Chicago
Manual of Styles 17th
Edition.
authors, include only the first
These are the types or formats seven in the bibliography
of sources of information: print followed by et al. — a Latin
and phrase which means ‘and
online. others’.
Print Sources.
These are sources that have 2. Periodicals.
been published in printed These are magazines,
format, such as books and scholarly journals,
periodicals. newspapers, and newsletters
published at regular intervals.
1. Books. Publication dates are
These are the most common essential when citing
and reliable sources of periodical sources.
information. This is the
sample format of writing a 2.1 Journal.
book bibliography. It is a scholarly published
periodical containing articles
BOOKS WITH ONE AUTHOR written by researchers,
Cruz, Lourdes. Language professors, and other experts.
and Literature: Grade 8
Learners’ Textbook. Quezon Sample Format:
City: Cruz Publishing House, Martinez, Juana. “Distance
Inc., 2015. Learning Amidst COVID-19.”
BOOKS WITH 2-10 AUTHORS Journal of Studies in
Cruz, Lourdes, Dy, Philippine Education 10, no. 2
Armando, Perez, Jose and Rubio, (2019): 23-35.
Nancy. Language and Literature:
Grade 8 Learners’ Textbook. 2.2. Magazine.
Quezon City: Cruz Publishing It is a periodical publication
House, Inc., 2015. that contains stories, essays,
CHAPTER IN A BOOK pictures, and the like, usually
Cruz, Lourdes. “South-East published every week or
Asian Literature.” In Language month.
and Literature: Grade 8
Learners’ Textbook, 30-47. Sample Format:
Quezon City: Cruz Publishing, Alisbo, Thea. “Finding New
Inc., 2015. Hobbies in Time of
Quarantine.” Young Mind
Tip: Two or more authors should Creatives, June 2020.
be listed in the order as they
appear as authors, and not 2.3. Newspaper.
necessarily alphabetically. For It is a periodical that is
sources with more than ten printed and distributed
usually daily or weekly Kindle, PDF, EPUB, etc. If
containing news, opinions, books are referred online,
features, and advertisements. include the URL at the end of
the citation.
Sample Format:
Paran, Leonardo. “Filipino This is the sample format of
student bags trophy in writing an e-book bibliography:
International Quiz Bee.” Author’s last name and first
Caraga Sinag Press, July name. Title of Book. Place of
17,2018. publication:
Name of Publisher. Year of
A. Online Sources. publication. Format OR URL.
These refer to any materials
or information taken from the 3 Online Journals.
internet. Other terms for These are journals read from
online sources are ‘electronic digital libraries or online
sources’, ‘web sources’ and databases. This is the sample
‘internet sources.’ format of writing an online
journal bibliography:
1. Website. Author’s Surname, First
This refers to the collection of Name. "Article Title." Journal
files and related resources Title Volume, no.
accessible through the World Issue (Year): Page range of
Wide Web and organized article. URL of journal article
under a domain name. webpage OR Name of
database.
This is the sample format
of writing a website
bibliography: 4. Online Magazine and
Author’s last name and first Online Newspaper.
name. “Page Title.” Website These are the online versions
Title, of magazines and newspaper.
Published Date/Access Date. Both sources have the same
URL. format in writing a
bibliography entry.
2 E-Books. This is the sample format of
These are books that are writing an online magazine
read on a computer or and newspaper bibliography:
electronic devices. They are
cited exactly as a printed Author’s last name, first
book with the addition of a name. "Article Title."
format at the end of the Newspaper/Magazine
citation: Title, Month Day, Year. URL.
Online Magazine:
Bautista, John Michael.
“Homeschooling: How to be
the best tutor to
your kids.” Filipino Magazine,
May 19, 2020.
https://www.filipinomag.com/
parenting/homeschooling-
how-to-be-the-best-tutor-to-
your-kids/
Online Magazine:
Orcullo, Ramon. “MisOr
remains COVID-19 free,
DOH.” Sinag Press, June 14,
2020.
https://sinagpress/news/2020/
6/14/misor-remains-covid-19-
free-doh.html
MODAL VERBS,
NOUNS, AND
ADVERBS
Modal Verbs are avviliary or
helping verbs which modify or
change the meaning of the
main verbs.
-used in giving advice or
suggestions, making
requests, or in giving
predictions and prohibitions.
Modal Nouns are nouns that
express modality. Just like Modal
Verbs, modal nouns also express
the quality or state in some
manner other than as a simple
fact.
-therefore
TRANSITION SIGNALS -so
4.Illustration/Example to add
Transition signals are words
emphasis or introduce evidence.
and phrases that connect ideas
ILLUSTRATION EXAMPLE
of sentences and paragraphs for
coherence. They also indicate To For example
building up new idea or thought demonstrate Such as
or compare ideas or draw Specifically namely
conclusions. truly
Common Types and 5.Addition adds information or
Functions of Transition reinforce ideas.
Words: -furthermore -in
addition
1.Comparison/Contrast points -also -as well
out alternatives of differences: -moreover -equally
Comparison important
-as -similarly -and -then
-also -in the same
way 6.Clarification shows support.
-likewise -that is -I
Contrast mean
-but -even though -in other words -in this
-despite -on the case
contrary -to put it another way
-however -under certain circumstances
2.Chronology helps define 7.Qualiication presents
time: condition or intentions.
-after -during -almost -
-later - probably
simultaneously -with this in mind -
-before -first frequently
-next -soon -possibly -never
3.Cause/Effect – shows the 8.Summary/Conclusion
consequences of an action. restates ideas.
Cause SUMMARY CONCLUSION
-accordingly As can be seen In the long run
-because Given this In conclusion
-due to point To conclude
-since To summarize Therefore
Effect To sum up finally
-consequently so
-as a result
-Verbs that express suggestion
or recommendation which is an
effective way to convince or
persuade.
COULD-It is used to give a
suggestion which a person may
EXPRESSING or may not follow.
SHOULD-It is also used to give a
EMOTIONAL suggestion but more insistent
RESPONSES USING A than the modal could.
OUGHT TO-It is used to formally
RANGE OF VERBS, give advice or recommendation
ADJECTIVES, AND usually coming from an expert.
HAD BETTER-It is used to give a
ADVERBS recommendation by presenting
Verbs – are words used to the possible negative
highlight emotions and opinions. consequence if the advice is not
followed.
A.LINKING VERBS MUST-It is used to show a
-This verbs links or connects the strong obligation that needs to
subject to its predicate. The be followed.
predicate states or tells
information about the subject
which could be an emotion or a
description.
-am -
is
-was -
were
-appreciate -
believe
-feel -
know
-love -
seem
-think -
deny
-doubt -
dislike
-disagree -
want
B.MODALS
