Debremarkos University Burie Campus

Department of Comupter Science

CoSC2061: Data Communication & Computer Networking
assignment

Group members ID
1.Samrawit Mossie……………………………..1404160
2.Dessie Aweke……………………………………1405913
3.Shibesh Taddele………………………………..1404221
4.Eyerusalem Girmachew…………………..1403837
5.Yhalem Ayalew………………………………….1404472

Instructor…………………

Submitted date……………………
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 Introduction
In today's digital age, efficient networking solutions are essential for businesses to streamline their
operations, enhance productivity, and manage resources effectively. This case study delves into the challenges
faced by a small independent insurance company experiencing a surge in business volume without adequate
networking infrastructure. With an aim to address these challenges, the company seeks to implement a network
solution tailored to their specific needs .in considering the network needs of the small independent insurance
company, the choice between a peer-to-peer or server-based network architecture is crucial. Each option
presents distinct advantages and limitations, influencing the company's efficiency and scalability.

The selection of an appropriate network topology is fundamental in optimizing communication and data
sharing within the company. Various network topologies offer different structures and capabilities, each with
implications for reliability, performance, and maintenance. Understanding the company's requirements is
essential in determining the most suitable topology for its operations.

Now aday efficient document management and collaboration are paramount for the success of any
organization. However, with the proliferation of peer-to-peer networks, businesses often encounter significant
challenges in maintaining centralized control over document access and versions. This case study delves into
the complexities surrounding peer-to-peer networks, highlighting their limitations and the subsequent need for a
centralized solution to streamline document management processes. By exploring the transition from
decentralized peer-to-peer networks to a centralized file server system, we unveil the transformative impact this
change can have on organizational efficiency, collaboration, and overall productivity. Through a comprehensive
analysis, this study illuminates the benefits of implementing a central file server and its potential to
revolutionize document management practices within the project team, ultimately fostering a more organized
and productive operating environment.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 Case Study 1
A small independent insurance company consisting of an owner, a business manager,
an administrator, and four agents decides to implement a network. The company
occupies half of a small building in an industrial estate. Their volume of business had
been stable for the past three years, but recently it has been increasing. To handle the
increased business volume, two new agents will be hired. Figure 1 illustrates the
current arrangement.
Figure 1 Case study model

Everyone in the company has a computer, but the business manager has the only
printer. These computers are not connected by any form of networking. When agents
need to print a document, they must first copy the file to a flash disk/CD, and then
carry it to the business manager's computer, where they are finally able to print it.
Similarly, when staff members want to share data, the only means available is to copy
the data on one computer to a flash disk /CD and insert the disk in another computer.Recently,
problems have arisen. The business manager is spending too much time
printing other people's documents; and it is frequently unclear which copy of a given
document is the current and authoritative version.
Your task is to design a network for this company.
To clarify the task of choosing a solution, you ask some questions.
Circle the most appropriate answers to the following questions:
1) Which type of network would you suggest for this company?
o Peer-to-peer
o Server-based

2) Which network topology would be most appropriate in this situation?

o Bus
o Ring
Star
o Mesh
o Star bus
o Star ring

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
3) Explain the reasons for your answers to (1) and (2) above.
The reason for those answer is here;-

 Before we going to explain the reason for question 1 let us see some concepts about server
based network:

A server-based network is a type of computer network architecture where a central server or

servers provide resources, data, and services to client computers or devices within the network. In this
setup, client devices, such as workstations or laptops, connect to the server(s) to access shared
resources like files, applications, databases, and printers.

The server acts as a centralized point of control and management, facilitating data storage, access
control, user authentication, and other network services. It allows for efficient sharing and
management of resources, ensuring data consistency, security, and centralized administration.

Server-based networks are commonly used in business environments where multiple users need access
to shared resources and where centralized control and management are necessary for security, data
integrity, and efficient operations.
Reason for question 1
1. Server-based : Given the increasing business volume and the need for better document
management, a server-based network would be more suitable. This type of network involves a
central server that stores files and manages resources, providing a centralized location for document
storage, access control, and printing management. It would alleviate the burden on the business
manager by allowing document printing directly from individual workstations, thus improving
efficiency.

We choose this type of network for this company over peer to peer network because of :-

1. Centralized Control and Management: A server-based network provides centralized control and
management of resources, such as files, applications, and printers. This centralized control allows for
more efficient administration of the network, including access control, user authentication, and data
management. In contrast, a peer-to-peer network lacks centralization, making it more challenging to
manage resources effectively, especially in a growing business environment.
2. Document Management: With the increasing business volume and the need for better document
management, a server-based network offers superior capabilities. A central server can store and manage
documents, ensuring data consistency and providing a single authoritative source for documents. In
contrast, peer-to-peer networks lack centralized document management capabilities, making it difficult
to track document versions, ownership, and access permissions.
3. Scalability: As the company plans to hire two new agents and potentially expand further in the future,
scalability becomes a crucial factor. A server-based network with a star topology provides scalability by
allowing for easy addition of new users and devices. The centralized nature of the server-based network
simplifies the process of expanding the network infrastructure, ensuring that it can accommodate the
company's growth without significant complications.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 4. Efficient Resource Sharing: In a server-based network, resources such as printers can be centrally
managed, allowing for more efficient resource sharing. The business manager, who currently handles
all printing tasks, can delegate printing permissions to individual users, reducing the burden on their
workload. In contrast, peer-to-peer networks rely on individual devices for resource sharing, which can
lead to inefficiencies and complications, especially in a business environment with multiple users.

As conclusion serve-based network would be more suitable for this company because it centralizes
resources and allows for easier management of shared resources such as the printer. this would allow business
manager to control printing tasks more efficiently and reduce the spent on printing other peoples documents.

 Before we going to explain the reason for question 2 let us see some concepts about star
topology:-
Star topology is a type of network topology where each node (computer or peripheral device) in the
network is directly connected to a central hub or switch. In a star topology, all communication between
devices must pass through the central hub.

 Reason for question 2

Star Topology: In a star topology, each computer is connected directly to a central hub (or switch).
This setup simplifies communication and management within the network. Since the company occupies
half of a small building, a star topology would provide easy scalability for adding new agents and
computers in the future. Additionally, it offers better fault isolation, as issues with one computer or
connection do not affect the rest of the network. This topology would facilitate smoother data sharing
and printing processes within the company.
Choosing a star topology for the network infrastructure offers several advantages:

1. Simplicity: Star topology is straightforward to set up and understand. Each device connects directly to a
central hub or switch, simplifying network configuration and troubleshooting.
2. Scalability: The star topology is easily scalable. Additional devices can be added to the network by
simply connecting them to the central hub or switch, without affecting the rest of the network.
3. Fault Isolation: In a star topology, if one device or connection fails, it does not affect the rest of the
network. This fault isolation improves network reliability and ensures that disruptions are localized.
4. Performance: Star topology provides better performance compared to other topologies like bus or ring.
Each device has a dedicated connection to the central hub, minimizing network congestion and
collisions.
5. Centralized Management: With a central hub or switch, network management is centralized. This
allows for easier monitoring, configuration, and management of network resources and devices.
6. Security: Star topology offers improved security compared to other topologies. Data transmitted
between devices does not pass through other devices, reducing the risk of eavesdropping or
unauthorized access.
7. Flexibility: Star topology supports various types of connections, including wired and wireless. This
flexibility allows for the integration of different types of devices and technologies within the network

Overall, the star topology is an excellent choice for this company, offering simplicity, scalability,
reliability,and ease of management.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
From above scenario here is network design proposal for the insurance company:

Network Components:

1. Server: Implement a central server to host shared resources, manage user accounts, and facilitate
centralized control and management of the network.
2. Switch: Deploy a managed switch to connect all devices within the network, ensuring reliable and
efficient data transmission.
3. Workstations: Provide each staff member with a workstation equipped with appropriate software for
their tasks.
4. Printer: Connect the printer to the network to enable centralized printing capabilities.

5. Cable: Given the size and requirements of the small insurance company described in the case study,
Ethernet cables (specifically Cat5e or Cat6) would likely be the primary choice for connecting
computers to the central hub or switch within the office space. Fiber optic cables might be considered if
there's a need for high-speed, long-distance connections between buildings or for future scalability.

Network Topology:

Utilize a star topology for the network infrastructure. In this topology, all devices (workstations, printer)
connect directly to a central switch, which serves as the central point of communication and management. This
topology ensures simplicity, scalability, and ease of troubleshooting.

Network Implementation:

1. Server Configuration:
o Install and configure server operating system software (e.g., Windows Server or Linux).
o Set up user accounts and permissions to regulate access to shared resources.
o Configure file sharing services (e.g., SMB for Windows or NFS for Linux) to enable
centralized document storage and management.
o Install and configure printer sharing services to facilitate centralized printing.
2. Switch(hub) Configuration:
o Configure VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) to segregate network traffic and enhance
security.
o Enable Quality of Service (QoS) settings to prioritize network traffic for critical applications.
o Implement port security features to restrict unauthorized access to network resources.
3. Workstation Setup:
o Install and configure workstation operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS).
o Join workstations to the domain (if applicable) to centralize user authentication and
management.
o Configure network settings to ensure connectivity to the server and other network resources.
o Install necessary applications and utilities for day-to-day tasks.
4. Printer Integration:
o Connect the printer to the network switch using an Ethernet cable.
o Configure printer settings, including network settings and sharing permissions.
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 o Install printer drivers on each workstation to enable printing functionality

5.cable configuration: Each computer in the network would have an Ethernet network interface card
(NIC) connected to the central switch or hub using Ethernet cables. This setup facilitates
efficient communication between devices and allows for centralized management of network
resources.

Additionally, if the company plans to expand its network or require higher data transfer speeds, they may
consider implementing fiber optic cables for certain connections, especially for longer distances or where
electromagnetic interference is a concern. However, for a small business like the one described, Ethernet
twisted pair cables would likely suffice for their needs.

Network Security:

1. Implement robust firewall rules on the server to control inbound and outbound traffic.
2. Enable antivirus/antimalware software on all devices to protect against malicious threats.
3. Enforce strong password policies and user authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access.
4. Regularly update and patch network devices and software to address security vulnerabilities.

Backup and Disaster Recovery:

Set up regular backup procedures to ensure data integrity and availability in case of hardware failure or data
loss. Implement a comprehensive disaster recovery plan to minimize downtime and restore operations swiftly
in the event of a catastrophic incident.

Documentation and Training:

Document the network configuration, including IP addresses, device settings, and security policies, for future
reference and troubleshooting. Provide comprehensive training to staff members on network usage, security
best practices, and disaster recovery procedures to ensure smooth operations and adherence to security
protocols.

By implementing this network design, the insurance company can enhance efficiency, streamline operations,
and accommodate future growth while ensuring security and reliability in their network infrastructure.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
Network design for this small company

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 Conclusion:

In conclusion, the implementation of a server-based network with a star topology offers the insurance
company an opportunity to overcome existing challenges and optimize their operational workflow. By
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
centralizing resources, enhancing document management, and fostering seamless communication, the proposed
network solution paves the way for improved efficiency, productivity, and future scalability within the
organization.

Case Study 2

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
Answer for above question

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
1)Problems may be arising concerning who has which document because with peer-to-peer networks, there
is no centralized control or tracking of document access and versions. Without a central server to manage
access permissions and document versions, it can be difficult to keep track of who has the latest version of a
document and who has access to what information.

So,the problem is arising from the following limitation of peer to peer network

1. Limited Scalability: Peer-to-peer networks can become less efficient as the number of nodes increases.
Each node must communicate directly with other nodes, which can lead to network congestion and
reduced performance as the network grows.
2. Security Risks: peer to peer networks are inherently less secure than client-server networks. Since each
node can act as both a client and a server, it increases the potential attack surface for malicious actors.
P2P networks are more susceptible to security vulnerabilities such as unauthorized access, data
breaches, and malware propagation.
3. Lack of Centralized Control: In a peer-to-peer network, there is no central authority or server
responsible for managing resources or enforcing security policies. This decentralization can lead to
challenges in enforcing access control, managing user permissions, and ensuring data consistency.
4. Reliability Issues: Peer-to-peer networks rely on individual nodes to provide resources and services. If
a node fails or becomes unavailable, it can impact the availability of resources and services for other
nodes in the network. This lack of reliability can lead to disruptions in network operations and
decreased productivity.
5. Difficulty in Resource Management: In a peer-to-peer network, each node is responsible for
managing its own resources, such as files and printers. This decentralized approach can make it
challenging to track and manage resources effectively, leading to issues with resource allocation,
version control, and data integrity.
6. Performance Bottlenecks: Peer to peer networks can suffer from performance bottlenecks, especially
during periods of high network traffic or when large files are being transferred between nodes. Since
each node relies on other nodes for resources and bandwidth, network performance can be inconsistent
and unpredictable.

2) One change that could give centralized control of access to these documents is to implement a file server
within each department. By setting up a central file server where all project documents are stored, access can be
controlled through user permissions. This way, documents can be accessed, edited, and shared securely, and a
central administrator can manage access rights and track document versions.

Centralizing resources in a server-based network offers several advantages:

1. Efficient Resource Management: Centralizing resources such as printers, data storage, and
applications allows for more efficient management. Instead of each individual computer managing its
own resources, they can be managed centrally on the server. This reduces duplication of effort and
ensures resources are utilized optimally.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 2.Facilitates Collaboration: Centralized resources enable better collaboration among users. Shared folders
and documents stored on the server can be accessed by multiple users simultaneously, allowing for easier
collaboration on projects. This improves productivity and enhances teamwork within the organization.

3.Scalability: Centralizing resources on a server makes it easier to scale the network as the company grows.
Additional resources such as storage capacity, processing power, and network bandwidth can be added to the
server to accommodate increased demand without the need to upgrade individual computers. This scalability
ensures that the network can adapt to changing business requirements over time.

4.Simplified Data Backup and Recovery: With data stored centrally on a server, it becomes easier to
implement regular backup procedures. Automated backup solutions can be set up to regularly back up data
stored on the server, reducing the risk of data loss in the event of hardware failure, accidental deletion, or
other disasters. Additionally, centralized data storage simplifies the process of data recovery in case of data
loss, as data only needs to be restored from the server rather than multiple individual computers.

3) The change of implementing a central file server will bring a more organized and efficient operating
environment for the users. They will have a central location to access all project documents, with the ability to
easily collaborate, track changes, and ensure everyone is working with the most up-to-date information. This
will improve document management, version control, and overall productivity within the project team.

 Unified Access: A central file server provides a single point of access for all project documents, making it
easier for team members to find the information they need.
 Collaboration: It enables multiple users to work on documents simultaneously, fostering better collaboration.
 Change Tracking: With built-in version control, it’s simpler to track changes and revert to previous versions if
necessary.
 Up-to-Date Information: Ensures that everyone is working with the most current documents, reducing the risk
of errors due to outdated information.
 Productivity: Streamlines workflows by reducing the time spent searching for documents, leading to increased
overall productivity.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 conclusion
In conclusion, the implementation of a central file server addresses critical limitations inherent in peer-to-peer
networks, offering a structured and efficient solution for document management and collaboration within the
organization. By centralizing resources and access control, the company can overcome challenges related to
scalability, security, and reliability, while also enhancing productivity and data integrity. The transition to a
server-based network environment not only streamlines workflows but also fosters better collaboration, change
tracking, and ensures the availability of up-to-date information for all project stakeholders. Overall, the
adoption of a central file server marks a significant step towards creating a more organized, secure, and
productive operating environment, ultimately contributing to the success of the project team and the
organization as a whole.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9