HDEC 2000

Digital Excitation Systems

HYUNDAI HDEC2000

13.21kV Hz: 60.01 ON

468A PF:+0.85 OEL
9095kW ie: 8.69A Pri
AVR: 13.20kV F3

Digital Voltage Regulator

REMOTE

LOCAL LIMIT
POWER ALARM

ESC

ENTER

Electro Electric Systems

 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

INTRODUCTION
HDEC 2000 is an automatic voltage regulator for excitation control system of synchronous machine. The unit is
designed on the basis of Hyundai’s long period (more than 30 years) experience in design, manufacturing and
testing of synchronous machine together with newest digital signal process techniques.

Besides automatic voltage regulation function, all other regulation functions, limiting functions and most of
protective functions for excitation system enable the HDEC 2000 unit to be used in a wide range of applications.
All of these features are achieved by the
High Light Features combination of reliable hardware design and the

■ Designed by experience optimized software technology.

■ Digital control with newest DSP technology

■ Various standard software functions The unit has very simple user interface to monitor

■ High availability the operating condition, and the HDEC2000

■ Very fast and stable response characteristics system also provides the configuration software

■ Simple user interface and Configuration software to allow factory setup and site commissioning.

■ Robust structure, Compact size and light weight The mechanical structure is very robust, and the

■ Easy to install and Low maintenance unit has small size and light weight. So, the
installation is very easy.

FEATURES
HDEC 2000 unit has the following features and capabilities.

Excitation Input and Output

z Excitation output: 150Vdc, continuously 15Adc@60℃, 18Adc@45℃, 30A@10s

z Wide excitation input range: 56 to 260Vac nominal, maximum 275Vac, maximum 350Vdc

Regulation mode and Functions

z Four excitation regulation modes
- Automatic voltage regulation mode (AVR mode, 0.25% regulation accuracy, 0.1% typical)
- Manual field current regulation mode (FCR mode)
- Reactive power regulation mode (VAR mode)
- Power factor regulation mode (PF mode)
z Hardware voltage buildup and ready mode function with no control power
z Soft start and secondary soft start function
z All of four limitation functions (V/F, OEL, SCL, UEL)
z Dynamic On-line and off-line OEL selection depending on generator current
z Standard mode and maximum flux mode V/F limitation function
z Bump-less operating mode transfer between any operating modes
z Parallel operation with reactive droop compensation or cross-current compensation
z Most of protective functions

Input and Output Interfaces

z No need external control power basically
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 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

z Single phase or three-phase true rms generator voltage sensing

z Single phase generator current sensing (1 or 5 amperes nominal) and CCC current sensing
z No need additional burden resistor and additional circuit breaker information for CCC
z Analog inputs (+/-10Vdc, 4 to 20mAdc or other standard control signal) for remote control
z Seven digital inputs for fixed functions and three programmable digital inputs
z Three programmable relay outputs and one watchdog relay output

Monitoring and Setup Functions via User Interface

z Various information monitoring via multi page display function
- Measured all analog parameters
- Operating mode and setpoint
- All digital IO status
- Limitation status and fault events
z Configuration for setup parameter without computer
z Useful operational functions support

Communication
z RS-232 for factory setup and site configuration
z CAN for redundant system by dual HDEC2000 (planned later)
z RS-485 for remote access (read only, write function planned later)

HDCM Configuration and Monitoring Software

z Configuration for all setup parameters
z Auto estimation of PID control gains for all regulation and limitation modes
z Remote control for tuning and site commissioning
z Real time monitoring of all operating status

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

User’s Local Access

HDEC 2000

RS232 (Configuration by HDCM)

User Communication
interface interface CAN (Tracking by Backup Unit)

RS485 (Remote Access)

Control &
DSP Measuring
(Control Software) Hardware Digital Input (Command & Status)

Digital Output (Alarm & information)

PWM
Auxiliary Input (Remote Setpoint)

Cross Current (Parallel operation)

G E
Control Power (Optional)

Simplified Overall IO and internal architecture

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 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

The key function of HDEC2000 unit is the automatic voltage regulation of synchronous generator through
excitation current control by means of PID (proportional, integral, derivative) control algorithm. To perform it, the
unit provides control software and some different kinds of hardware devices such as PWM IGBT stage, DIOs,
measuring devices (AIs), and communication interfaces etc, and the unit also provides most of functions required
by user’s application.

Control Software
Control Software containing function blocks is the brain or the heart of the HDEC2000 unit. The software controls
all of hardware which performs its own task of self diagnosis, measurement, regulation, limitation function,
protective function, monitoring and
VREF VP communication. Control software is an
KP
executable codes set and stored in
VRMAX
nonvolatile Flash memory.
+ +
VC - KI + 1 VR
Σ KG Σ Π
s 1+sTA The function blocks especially perform
+ +
major regulation functions and limitation
0
functions, and a part of control software.
VS sKD
AVR Function Block Diagram The most of function blocks are
1+sTF
designed based on excitation system
Software Block Diagram of AVR Controller models of IEEE421.5 standard.

Excitation and Control Power

Excitation input power is normally Local Station

supplied from the excitation

STATION POWER
transformer connected with generator
output terminals (shunt power) or PMG POWER

supplied from a permanent magnet SHUNT POWER

generator (PMG power). Some case,

excitation input power may be
supplied from external utility (station PMG
G E
power, ac or dc). Excitation output
Current Boosting
power of HDEC2000 unit is supplied HDEC2000
to excitation winding of exciter
Excitation Power Input & Output
machine after rectification and
smoothing process through power module (switching IGBT) controlled by regulation output signal (PWM duty) of
HDEC2000 unit’s software function block. In case of shunt power application, the current boosting CTs may be
used for short circuit supporting.

No external control power is normally required for HDEC2000 unit since the control power is internally supplied
from excitation input power. For few special application, either ac or dc power source may be supplied externally.
Control power is used as driving power of each component in the HDEC2000 unit.

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 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

Analogue and Digital IOs

The voltage and current sensing signals for HDEC2000 unit are measured from sensing transformer installed on
generator or generator external cubicle. Both of single-phase or three-phase voltage sensing configuration is
supported by HDEC2000 unit. In case of current sensing system, single phase sensing is available and cross
current loop sensing is also available. Excitation voltage and excitation current signals are sensed by measuring
device installed internally.
For remote control application by
analogue signal, +/-10Vdc, 4 …20mA or
Relay #1 … #3
Excitation ON Command
Digital other standard control signal is available
FCR Select Command Output Watchdog Relay
and the HDEC200 unit also provides the
Raise Command
control capability by the analog signal.
Lower Command
Digital
GCB Status Input
DSP Most of control Tasks such as Excitation
MCB Status
ON/OFF, Auto/Manual and setpoint
Reset Command ADC
adjustment are achieved via digital input
Prog. #1 … #3 Functions
signal. The HDEC2000 unit provides
Generator Voltage seven digital inputs for predefined
(3 phase) RS232
Commu_ CAN functions and three digital inputs for
Generator Current nication RS485 programmable functions. Digital inputs
Cross Current Analog
Auxiliary Voltage Input can be controlled with dry contactor or
Dc Link Voltage
Auxiliary Current Excitation Current PLC open collector signal. The
HDEC2000 unit provides three
programmable output relays and one
Digital, Analog IOs and Communication Interface
watchdog relay also.

Communication Functions
Three communication ports are provided for initial configuration in the factory (or commissioning in site), for data
exchange between HDEC2000 units for redundant system and for remote access. The communication ports
consist of RS232 (COM0), CAN (COM1) and RS485 (COM2) ports.

FUNCTIONS

Regulation Modes and Control

The HDEC2000 unit has four regulation (operating) modes called FCR, AVR, VAR and PF mode. One regulation
mode is selected depending on the combination of digital input(s) and configuration parameters, and each
regulation mode controls its own regulation parameter listed below.
z AVR mode: Generator terminal voltage z VAR mode: Reactive power
z FCR mode: Excitation current z PF mode : Power factor

Each regulation functions are performed by its controller (sometimes called software function block) containing
adjustable control gains, and the AVR controller is PID controller and others are PI controller.

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 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

[Voltage Command] OR [Exciter Current Command]

AVR FCR
Ug Setpoint ie
BLOCK BLOCK
tracking

Over Excitation
Voltage
excitation current
setpoint
limiter setpoint

Voltage Voltage
feedback regulator
Field
current
Stator regulator
current
VAR/PF limiter
regulator Auto/ Manual
P-Q
calculator
Under
excitation Transistor
PWM De-excitation
limiter
Driver

G E

Simplified Overall Function Block of HDEC2000

The HDEC2000 unit measures the regulation parameters such as voltage, excitation current, reactive power and
power factor. And each function block compares measured regulation parameter with commanded setpoint. Next,
each function block calculates the control output by using of comparing result (error) and control gains according
to the PID algorithm so that the target regulation parameter is equal to the setpoint of active regulation mode.
Finally the target parameter can be controlled by the excitation current control by PWM driver, and the PWM
driver performs it by using the transmitted control output from each function block.

Very fast and stable operating characteristic can be achieved by the optimized feedback processing (true rms
and digital filtering techniques), robust & independent controller design, and the combination of all of these
features Even if the fluctuation of power system is very big or feedback signal has very high harmonic component
(or noise).

Basic Operational Functions

Droop or CCC: The HDEC2000 unit provides two functions called reactive droop compensation (DROOP) or
reactive differential compensation (cross current compensation or CCC) for reactive load sharing when generator
operates in parallel with other generators or power grid. Only two devices (one CT and one auxiliary contact of
machine circuit breaker) are required for both functions. Additional CT, additional auxiliary contact or (and)
external burden resistor are not required for CCC function, HDEC 2000 already provides these devices internally.

Hardware Voltage Buildup: In case of shunt power application, if no control power is supplied to the internal
control circuits, the power module (switching IGBT) of regulator cannot be turned on since the residual voltage of
generator is very low. This leads that the generator voltage is never increased to its desired value.

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 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

In this case, Even though the excitation input voltage is very low, the hardware buildup circuit of HDEC2000 unit
can turn on the IGBT, this leads that the generator voltage is increased from residual voltage to its nominal value.
This function is automatically deactivated by DSP (digital signal processor) after the initialization process is
completed.

Generator Soft Start: The HDEC2000 unit provides soft start function to
Voltage
prevent voltage overshoot during voltage buildup.
When Excitation ON command is detected, The HDEC2000 unit
linearly increases AVR setpoint to nominal setpoint through given
time. For special application (e.g. only one generator services for
Excitation different kinds of load, and two different soft start function is
Current
required), the HDEC2000 unit provides the secondary soft start
function also.
Soft Start Voltage Buildup

Bump-less Mode Transfer: Bump-less mode transfer function minimizes the impact or fluctuation of system
parameter (e.g. voltage) when switching from one operating mode to another operating mode. For example, The
FCR setpoint continually updated by actual value during AVR mode operation, and the control output of FCR
mode is determined from the value of AVR control output when the operating mode is transferred from AVR
mode to FCR mode.
By the similar way, the HDEC2000 unit provides bump-less mode transfer function between any operating
modes also.

Limitation Functions
The synchronous generator capability curve graphically Over Excitation
Over Excitation
+Q

Region
illustrates the safe operation region without any damage Limitation

caused from abnormal operation conditions in the P-Q plane. Safe operating
region Stator Current
The HDEC2000 unit provides four limitation functions Limitation
described below.
Drive Power
φ Limitation
+P
V/F Limiter: Under frequency limiting function provides for
preventing overheating caused by excessive magnetic flux Stability
Limitation
(over excitation current) in the low frequency range, and
Minimum Excitation
provides for reducing the mechanical impact when large Limitation
resistive load is suddenly applied. Under frequency limiting
Under Excitation
-Q

function is disabled in the FCR mode and also disabled if Region

generator frequency is below than 10Hz. Generator Capability Curve

Two different V/F limitation functions are provided, the first one reduces generator voltage automatically based
on the voltage setpoint & actual frequency, and the second one reduces generator voltage based on maximum
flux (configured maximum voltage setpoint) while the magnetic flux over than the maximum permissible level.

OEL: Over-excitation limiting (OEL) function operates in order to prevent the overheating when the excitation
current exceeds the safe level. Or OEL operates in order to prevent the over voltage with no load operating

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 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

condition. OEL function can be always enabled in any operating mode except the FCR operating mode. If the
excitation current exceeds the limiting level by any reason, the excitation current is limited below than the
configured level.

Limiting Level 1 Three kinds of OEL (Off-line, On-line and Default) are
defined. The Off-line is defined for no-load and the
Limiting Level 2 On-line is defined for load condition. If any one of two
OELs is not selected, the Default OEL may be selected
Limiting Level 3
to protect HDEC2000 alone by itself. The HDEC2000
Delay Delay
Time 1 Time 2 Continuous unit provides the dynamic OEL selection capability
depending on the stator current. Even though no circuit
Time
breaker information is supplied externally, the On-line
On-Line OEL
OEL may be selected automatically from Off-line OEL
by detecting the stator current level when the operating condition is changed from no-load to load condition. The
operating characteristics of On-line OEL are designed with three constant (configurable) limiting levels and two
constant (configurable) time delays.

UEL: Under-excitation limiting (UEL) function is used for preventing the loss of synchronization and excessive
end-core heating when the generator connected with power grid and operates with under excitation region
(reactive power is absorbed from grid). The HDEC2000 unit supports both types of UEL model (UEL1-circular
characteristic, UEL2- multi segment) of IEEE 421.5 standard, and only one UEL model is selected by user.

SCL: Generally, stator current limiting (SCL) function provides for preventing overheating of stator winding
caused from high current over than safe level. Sometimes, this function can be used for limiting the starting
current of special application (e.g. the system configured with one generator and one induction machine only).
The operating characteristics of SCL controller are designed with two constant (configurable) limiting levels and
one constant (configurable) time delays.

Protective Functions
HDEC2000 unit provides ten protective functions listed below.
z Generator over voltage
z Generator under voltage
z Generator over current
z Exciter over current
z Loss of filed (under excitation)
z Loss of sensing
z Loss of power
z Diode Fault Monitor (DFM)
z Excitation output short circuit protection
Gen-OC, Fault Current (X) and Tripping Time (Y)
z Mode mismatch (with different delay settings)

The all protective functions of HDEC 2000 unit are designed to provide a high degree of reliability and accuracy,
but the generator over current protection (e.g. over than 170% of nominal) is not supported due to the measuring

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 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

range of sensing CT and HDEC2000 unit. However, generator over current protective function with low fault
current (approximately up to 170% of nominal) is realized based on the generator thermal model as per IEC255-8
standard.

Normally, the fault event is activated when the generator operating condition exceeds the safe setting level of
each protective function, and the operating condition is not returned to normal operating condition within the
configured or calculated delay time. Each fault event can be indicated on the front panel display and remotely
through Com0 or Com2 communication ports.

When any fault event is activated, internal software fault flag, front panel fault message and output relay (if fault
event is assigned for that relay) are latched until the fault status is inactivated and reset command is activated.
Additionally, all fault events can be assigned for any output relays (#1 relay to #3 relay).

The One of High-Light Protective function (short circuit protection): The HDEC2000 unit provides the
protective function for output short circuit by means of hardware device. Because of related low processing
speed of software than hardware phenomenon, software protection for short circuit is very difficult (sometimes it
is impossible). If output circuit is shorted, the internal device of HDEC2000 detects short circuit very fast and cuts
off the excitation output. And the fault message can be monitored on the front panel.

Front Panel (User Interface)

USER INTERFACE
6.601kV Hz: 60.01 ON
The HDEC2000 unit provides three kinds of user interface devices which 1012A PF:+0.85 OEL
9834kW ie: 8.69A Pri
consist of four lines LCD display, five LEDs and four keys (buttons). User AVR: 6.600kV F3

can monitor and control by using of these user interface. The user Digital Voltage Regulator

interface of HDEC2000 unit provides very useful capability.

z Operating information monitoring by multi page display function
REMOTE
- Measured all analog parameters LOCAL LIMIT
- Operating mode and setpoint POWER ALARM

- All digital IO status

- Limitation status and fault events ESC
z Configuration of major setup parameter without computer
z Some operational functions support

ENTER
HDCM CONFIGURATION and MONITORING SOFTWARE
The HDCM software is a configuration and monitoring tool for HDEC2000
unit, and connected with HDEC2000 unit through RS232 communication
port on the front panel. This software may be used for factory setup, site commissioning. The major functions of
this software are:
z Configuration capability for setup parameter
z Estimation function for control gains from generator parameters
z Remote control for factory setup and site commissioning
z Real time monitoring for most of operating condition

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 HYUNDA
AI DIGTAL EXCITATIO
E N SYSTEM
M - HDEC 20
000

E
Especially, th
he control gains estimatio
on function iss very useful for tuning. Due
D to the rob
bust structurre and
o
optimized con
ntrol algorithm of softwarre control blo
ocks, only approximately tuning by control gain es
stimation
unction is sufficient for most
fu m of standa
ard applicatio n estimation function allow
on. This gain ws that the repeated
r
trroublesome tuning proce
edure is very easy.

Monitoring
M Sc
creen

G
Gain Setting Screen

Outliine Dimensio
ons (Front and
d Bottom View
w)
6 × 7.5
5 DIA wall mounting hole
Notes:
1. Dimensioons are in mm m
2. The earliier version doe
es not provide
e the door
HYUNDAI
mounting
g taps in bottom and top pla ane.

6 × M5 doo
or mounting tap
p (see note 2)
127

Di it l V lt

5
50.8 50.8
25
304
127

175

155
184
205

H
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avy Industrie
es Co., Ltd 10 Electtro Electric Systems
 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
1) For more detailed technical data, see HDEC2000 user’s manual
2) Subject to change without prior notice

Excitation Power Input Digital (Relay) Output

Ac input: 1 or 3 phase 56 to 265V, max. 275V Number of relay:
Dc input: 350Vdc 3 for programmable, 1 relay for watchdog
Frequency: 40 to 400Hz for ac source Contactor continuous rating:
24 …125Vdc, 5A
Excitation Power Output
120/240Vac, 10A
Continuous current: 15Adc @60°C
Relay logic: Programmable NO or NC
Continuous current: 18Adc @45°C
Over load (maximum 10s): 30Adc Communication Ports
Voltage: 150Vdc, continuous Com0: RS232 for setup and commissioning
Com1: CAN for redundant system
Control Power Input (No need normally)
Com2: RS-485 for remote access
AC Input voltage: 60 to 230Vac, 50/60Hz
DC Input voltage: 60 to 125Vdc Regulation Mode and Performance
Burden: 50VA for AC, 30W for DC Regulation mode and accuracy:
AVR: ±0.25% typically 0.1%
Voltage Sensing
FCR mode: ±1.0% of the nominal
Phase configuration: 1 or 3 phase
VAR mode: ±2.0% of the nominal apparent.
Frequency range: 50/60Hz
PF mode: ±0.02pu of the reference
Range: 110V, 220V or 460V
Burden: less than 1VA Environment
Operating temperature: -20 to 60 °C
Current Sensing
Storage temperature: -20 to 70 °C
B phase input: 1A or 5A for control and Droop
Operating humidity: 5 to 95% (non-condensation)
CCC input: 1A
Shock: IEC 60068-2-27
Frequency range: 50/60Hz
Vibration: IEC 60945
Burden:
1VA for B phase current CE Certifications
2VA for CCC circuit Applicable EC Directives:
z Low Voltage Directive (2006/95/EC)
Remote Setpoint Input
z EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
Voltage input: ±10V or (0 to +10V or 1 to 5V)
Applicable Standards:
Current input: 4 to 20mA (or 0 to 20mA)
z EN 61010-1 (2001, Second edition)
Input impedance:
z EN 61000-6-2 (2005)
150Ω for current, 100kΩ for voltage
z EN 61000-6-4 (2007)
Digital Input
Physical Characteristics
Input Type: Dry contactor or PLC open collector
Weight: 4.5kg
Number of inputs:
Dimension: 304 × 205 × 175 (H × W × D)
7 for fixed, 3 for programmable
Protection class: IP20

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 HYUNDAI DIGTAL EXCITATION SYSTEM - HDEC 2000

Products of the HDEC Family

HDEC 2000 HDEC 1000

■ The HDEC 2000 is a hi-end automatic voltage ■ The HDEC 1000 is a hi-end automatic voltage
regulator for synchronous machine having up to regulator for synchronous machine having up to
15Adc excitation current. 7Adc excitation current.

■ Input: ■ Input:
260Vac for single phase and for three-phase 180Vac for single phase and three-phase
350Vdc 240Vdc
■ Output: ■ Output:
150Vdc, 15Adc@60°C, 18A@45°C continuous 100Vdc, 7Adc@70°C, 10A@45°C continuous
30A@10s 15A@10s
■ Mounting: Cubicle mounting ■ Mounting: Cubicle or generator mounting

■ HDEC2000 unit provides all regulation, limitation ■ HDEC1000 unit provides the all of regulation,
functions and the most of protective functions for limitation and protective functions supported with
excitation control system. HDEC2000 unit except few functions due to the
difference of hardware design.

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Electro Electric Systems, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd

Headquarters (Rotating Machinery Design Department):

#1, Jeonha-dong, Dong-gu, Ulsan, Korea
Telephone: +82 52 202 6612
Fax : +82 52 202 6995

Seoul Office (Rotating Machinery Sales Department):

Hyundai building, 140-2, Kye-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul, Korea
Telephone: +82 2 746 7668
Fax : +82 2 746 7646

Service Inquiries: +82 52 202 6671

Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd 12 Electro Electric Systems