Graminear/Poaceae
Grass
commonly known as the
family
.
-
It is a monocot
family
,
-
Habit : Can be Herb ,
shrub
, Sometimes tree-Bamboo
Root : Adventitions Fibrous still roots .
,
,
Stem : Rhizome ,
Culm
Leaves :
Simple leaves Parallel ,
venation
Inflorescence
Spike of Spikelets
·
It is a
type of Racemose inflorescence.
or floret
Sessile flower
·
of
· Spikelet-
Bract
· ⑧
Floral ·
& &
axis
⑧
Spille spire of
spikelet
Spikelet of wheat
Each spikelet contains
-
An axis called Rachilla
.
-
one to five sessile flowers or florets .
-
2
sealy brack on opposite sides called Glumes
A
floret contains
superior palea
-
A
- An Inferior palea
as
Lemma
-
Floral parts--Androecium
A
single floret Gynoecium
Flower : Sessile ,
zygomorphic Bisexual,
.
(Except Maize-Unisexual
Flower
contains
I
- Perionth -
Membranous & scale like called lodicules
.
-
Androecium-stamens-3 in no.
Basal
-
Gynoecium -
Monocarpellary , placentation
Stima & feathery
are a
.
Floral formula : % &P2 Azor1
Euit: Caryopsis ·
seed :
Endospermic .
Contains
single cotyledon called Seutellum .
Examples
Cereals-wheat ,
Rice ,
maire ,
Barley
Millets -
Bajra
Sugar plant-Sugarcane
Grass-Doob
grass (Cyanodon dactylon)
Asteraceae (Compositae)
largest family of dicots Most advanced
family.
-
Leaves-Alternate Phyllotaxy .
Reticulate veination
-
Floral characters
Inflorescence Head
Capitulum
.
-
or
-
In such inflorescence the floral aris is present as
a
flattened structure called the
receptacle .
borne
small sized
flowers known as florets are on the
receptacle .
Disc Fioret
At the base
of the
receptacle,
-
· whor
of brack is present
.& - RECEPTACLE
M Ray Floret
Such
a whorl of bracts is called /VOVVV Involucre
involucre
.
In Sunflower ,
the inflorescence is called Heterogamous head
it
because consists of 2
types of florets
-
Ray Florets
-
Peripheral
-
Female or sterile
Disc Florety-Central
Generally bisexual
-
Ray Florets -
located towards . Zygomorphic flower
periphery
-
Either Female (Piptillate) or Sterile (Neutral
-
Calyx-Hair like ,
persistant sepal known as
Pappus .
-
Corolla-Ligulate (All petals fuse to form a
-
tongue like
structure).
Gynoccium-Epigynous flower : Inferior ovary, Basal placentation
Androecium-Absent
.
Disc florets-located in Actinomorphic flower
centre
. .
Bisexual/Hermaphrodite
Calyx-Either absent or pappus
.
Corolla-Petals fust to form Tubular Corolla
.
Androecium-Five Stamens ,
Syngenisious condition
de
Synoccium-Bicarpellary /
Authors are
syncarpone Inferior ovary fused .
Filments
.
Basal placentation
. Free
Fruit
Cypsella
.
Floral
diagram diagram of
Floral
Disk Florets
of Ray florets
.
Floral formula : Br % URKolPapus Ac Br % KolPappus Gg , A
Economic importance :
Sunflower (Helianthus sps) Marigold .
(Tagetussp)
(Ornamental plant) Cornamental plant)
Malvaceae
It is also called Cotton family
.
leaves : Alternate Phyllotaxy ,
reticulate venation
.
Flower : Actinomorphic Bigerual.
Corolla : Poly petalons twisted
, activation
.
Androecium : Monoadelphons condition
.
Numerous stamens
fuse to
form a staminal tube
.
Gynoecium : Pentacarpellary ,
Syncarpons
,
Avile placentation
.
Flower formula:
--
Epis
Fruit :
Capsule .
Economic importance :
Food-Lady's finger/orva
Edible oil-cotton
Fibre -
Cotton
Ornamental -
Chinarose.
Brassicaceae) Crucifera .
-
Mustard
family
.
Leaf characterstics :
Simple ,
alternate
Phyllotaxy , exstipulate , shows
reticulate .
venation
Inflorescence : Racemoge
Floral characters : ·
Bisexual flower (E
Mostly Actinomorphic but in
-
some cases zygomorphic.
Calyv : 4
sepals ,
,
Polysepalous
imbricate aestivation
.
Corolla : 4
petals Polypetalous
, ,
valuate activation
.
Androecium : Sir Stamens
, Tetradynamous
Total 6 stamens
condition
--
·
&
-
-
2-short stament
-
4- tall stamens .
Gynoecium :
Bicarpellary Syncarpous ,
,
superior ovary ,
usually
Unilocular but
sometimes can be bilocular due to
formation of false septum or
Replum
.
-
Parietal placentation
.
Fruit : Silique or Silicula
.
Non
Seeds Endospermic
Floral formula : Ebr 0r % P2+ 2 A2+&(2)
Example :
Raddish-Food
Cabbage ,
Cauliflower , turnip ,
.
Mustard-Oil.
Candy tuft (Iberis amara)- Ornamental
.
