B.
Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools in
Counseling
• Counseling also has a stigma associated with it, despite the
context of how mental health problems in our culture have been
treated.
• When clients have problems, they are relieved if they express
their thoughts and feelings. But sometimes, friends or family
members may not have the necessary skills to help the clients
get deep into a/the problem.
• This human therapy journey is often dynamic, and requires not
only to work in appropriate environments, processes and
procedures, but also to use various resources to compensate for
what is required.
B. SETTINGS, METHODS AND PROCESSES
1. Settings of Counseling:
• Private practice, community setting, the legal system,
short/long-term care facilities, advocacy/support
roles, and the education system are settings in which
a counseling professional can work. Various skills and
training are required at each setting. These settings
are as follows: government setting, civil society,
private sector, and school.
2. PROCESSES OF COUNSELING
• Counseling process refers to events, characteristics, and conditions that
occur during the interaction between counselee-counselor. Its process is
different for each individual or couple; however, it may be helpful to gain
a sense of style of counseling.
• Counseling is a planned, structured dialogue between counselor-client. It
is a cooperative process in which a trained professional helps a client to
identify sources of difficulties or concerns that the client experiences.
• The client-counselor develop ways to deal with and overcome these
problems for the client to acquire a new set of skills and an increased
understanding of him/herself or others.
C. Methods of Counseling
*The most fundamental aspect of any counseling is
the relationship between the counselor and the client.
Several studies have established that the client’s
perspective of the quality of therapeutic relationship is
one of the most important factors being considered by
clients in achieving the goals of the therapy.
*The importance of this relationship far outweighs the
importance of the counselor’s qualifications or the
style of counselling being employed. Therefore, it is
vital to find a counselor who feels right for you.
The following methods are among the
basic counseling approaches
commonly used today
Adlerian Dialectical Interactive
Integrative Therapy
Behavioral Eclectic Counseling Mindfulness
Cognitive Analytical Family Counseling Person-centered
Cognitive Behavioral Gestalt Psychodynamic
Psychotherapy
Cognitive Humanistic Solution focused
Adlerian Method/Therapy
-also known as individual psychology, is a therapeutic approach
developed by Alfred Adler, a one- time colleague of Sigmund
Freud. This approach places a strong emphasis on the
perceived inferiority feelings of individuals and the
compensatory behaviors they adopt to overcome these feelings.
Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive Analytical Therapy
(CAT)
- is a type of talk therapy that helps people understand how
their relationships and experiences influence their thoughts,
emotions and behaviors. Focuses on how the experiences of
the past affects a person’s behaviors and beliefs.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) -is a counseling method
that uses a combination of cognitive therapy and behavioral
techniques to help people address a variety of issue. It focuses
more on present thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Cognitive
-is a psychological perspective
that studies how the mind
processes information and how
mental processes affect
behavior and emotions.
Dialectical Behavioral
Therapy
- is a type of psychotherapy
that uses a dialectical approach
(talk therapy) to help people
manage intense emotions and
learn to change their lives. The
aim of DBT is to help you
Eclectic (Broad/Wide)
Counseling
-is a therapy approach
that combines different
techniques and
theories to create a
customized treatment
plan for each client.
•Family Counseling
-can vary depending on
the family’s needs and
the therapist’s
theoretical orientation.
Gestalt
-is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on the
present moment and the whole person, including
their physical and emotional experiences,
relationships and environment. The goal is to
help clients become more aware of themselves
and their current reality, and to learn to accept
themselves. The client gains awareness in the
here and now by analyzing behavior and body
language and talking about bottled-up feeling.
Solution Focused
- also known as Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, is a
counseling method that helps clients find solutions to their
problems by focusing on the future rather than the past.
This method promotes positive change that dwells on the
past problem.
Interactive
-can involve a variety of techniques to help clients become
more invested in their treatment and gain a better
understanding of themselves. A treatment method typically
used with children.
Integrative Therapy
-is sometimes described as the psychology of the soul since it
incorporates multiple schools of psychology i.e. mindfulness,
psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral and gestalt into one
approach, depending on the unique needs of the individual.
Mindfulne
ss
-is a counseling approach that helps people become more
aware of their thoughts, feelings, and sensations in the
present moment.
Person- centered
- approach in counseling, also known as client-centered or
Rogerian (Carl Rogers) therapy, is a type of talk therapy that
focuses on the client’s experience and growth. This objective
is for the client to be able to see himself as a person, with the
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
- i s a t y p e o f c o u n s e l i n g t h a t f o c u s e s o n c l i e n t ’s
unconscious processes and how they manifest in their
current behavior. The goal of psychodynamic therapy is to
help clients understand how their past experiences and
unconscious feelings influence their current thoughts,
emotions, and behaviors.
Humanistic (person-centered and solution-focused
- is a type of therapy that focuses on self-development,
growth, and personal responsibility. It's based on the idea
that people are inherently good and have the potential to
find their own answers to problems.
D. Tools of Counseling
Counseling programs require the use of unique resources
to collect students’ primary knowledge. The tools for
collection of information for counseling are divided into two
broad categories: Non-testing and Psychological testing.
1. Non – testing tools
◦ These types of tools are usually used for individual assessment without any
intention of testing the individual.
◦ These tools are generally developed by the counselor and /or teachers
themselves. These are: interview, observation, anecdotal record,
cumulative records, checklist, rating scale, sociometry, autobiography, and
diary.
2. Psychological Testing
-This could be an ability test like achievement and aptitude or
personality test. Psychological tests provide information about the
individual’s psychological characteristics such as intelligence,
aptitude, interests, abilities, and personality.
-Before selection, tests of reliability, validity, practicability, etc.
should be clearly looked for. Psychological tests are mainly divided
into two categories: Ability and Personality Test. Ability tests
composed of aptitude and achievement tests, while achievement
tests are used as academic placement devices rather than as
selection instruments.
-Aptitude tests are particularly used to estimate the extent to
which an individual would profit from a specific course or training to
predict the quality of his/her achievement in each situation.
Projective tests identify the hidden/inner feelings, prejudice,
