Cairo University Gas Dynamics (AEMN211)
Faculty of Engineering Sheet 5 (Fanno Flow)
AEM Program Fall 2020
Sheet(5): One-Dimensional Flow with Friction (Fanno Flow)
1. Consider the flow of air through a pipe of inside diameter = 0.15 m and length
= 30 m. The inlet flow conditions are M1 = 0.3, p1 = 1 atm, and T1 = 273 K.
Assuming f = constant = .02, calculate the flow conditions at the exit M2, p2, T2, ρ2,
To2, and Po2.
2. Consider the flow of air through a pipe of inside diameter = 0.4 ft and length =
5 ft. The inlet flow conditions are M1 = 3, p1 = 1 atm, and T1 = 300 K. Assuming f =
constant = 0.02, calculate the flow conditions at the exit M2, p2, T2, ρ2, To2, and Po2.
3. A 10-ft duct 12 in. in diameter contains oxygen flowing at the rate of 80 lbm/sec.
Measurements at the inlet give p1 = 30 psia and T1 = 800°R. The pressure at the outlet
is p2 = 23 psia. (a) Calculate M1, M2, V2, To2, and Po2. (b) Determine the friction factor
and estimate the absolute roughness of the duct material.
4. A flow of air is discharged from a duct with M2 = 0.85, T2 = 500°R, and p2 = 28
psia. The temperature at the inlet is 560°R. Compute the pressure at the inlet and
the velocity.
a. Air enters a 6-in.-diameter duct with T,= 600°R, p1 = 50 psia, and V1 = 600
ft/sec. The friction factor is f = 0.02. a) What is the maximum length of duct
permitted that will not change any of the conditions at the inlet? b)Determine T2,
p2, and V2 for the maximum duct length found in part (a).
5. Air flows in an 8-cm-inside diameter pipe that is 4 m long. The air enters with
a Mach number of 0.45 and a temperature of 300 K . What friction factor would
cause sonic velocity at the exit?
6. A converging–diverging nozzle in figure below has an area ratio of 3.0. The
stagnation conditions of the inlet air are 150 psia and 550°R. A constant-area duct
with a length of 12 diameters is attached to the nozzle outlet. The friction factor in
the duct is 0.025. Compute the receiver pressure that would place a shock : in the
nozzle throat, at the nozzle exit, at the duct exit. What receiver pressure would
cause supersonic flow throughout the duct with no shocks within the system?
What is the total change in entropy for the system?
7. A constant-area duct is fed by a converging-only nozzle as shown in figure
below. The nozzle receives oxygen from a large chamber at p1 = 100 psia and T1 =
1000°R. The duct has a friction length of 5.3 and it is choked at the exit. The
receiver pressure is exactly the same as the pressure at the duct exit. What is the
pressure at the end of the duct? Four-fifths of the duct is removed. (The end of the
duct is now at 3.) The chamber pressure, receiver pressure, and friction factor
remain unchanged. Now what is the pressure at the exit of the duct? Sketch both of
the cases above on the same T –s diagram.
8. Conditions before a normal shock are M1 = 2.5, Po1 = 67 psia, and To1 = 700°R.
This is followed by a length of Fanno flow and a converging nozzle as shown in figure
below. The area change is such that the system is choked. It is also known that p4 = pamb
= 14.7 psia. (a) Draw a T –s diagram for the system. (b) Find M2 and M3. (c) What is f
∆x/D for the duct?
9. The 12-in.-diameter duct shown in figure below has a friction factor of 0.02 and
no heat transfer from section 1 to 2. There is negligible friction from 2 to 3. Sufficient
heat is added in the latter portion to just choke the flow at the exit. The fluid is air. (a)
Draw a T –s diagram for the system, showing the complete Fanno and Rayleigh lines
involved. (b) Determine the Mach number and stagnation conditions at section 2. (c)
Determine the static and stagnation conditions at section 3. (d) How much heat was
added to the flow?
