C. Tea c her Stu den t 1. You really must have .., 2. I've just had ... 3.

1. You really must have .., 2. I've just had ... 3. When are you going
The boy looked at the foot of The boy looked at the foot of to have ? 4. I'd like to have ... 5. It's time we had ... 6. When did
the bed as if he were detached the bed as if detached from you have ? 7. Where does he have ...?
from what was going on. what was going on. XI. Study the problem situations and try to solve them by using the
1. Her new coat fitted her so well as if it were made to order. 2. He Objective Participial Construction.
considered himself hurt and behaved as if he were made fun of. 3. He 1. There's something wrong with the tape-recorder. You can do no-
linked his arm in mine and walked me slowly along the platform as if thing about it now. Usually your husband mends the tape-recorder him-
he were really delighted to see me. self, but he is on a long business trip now. 2. The flat needs repairing.
Your brother likes to wallpaper the flat himself. He enjoys the work. But
D. Tea c her Stu den t
this year he can't afford it. 3. Your tooth is bad. It needs filling. You
If fertilizers are used properly, If used properly, fertilizers im- must go to see a dentist. You are not very willing to do it. 4. You are
they improve the crops. prove the crops. engaged in some urgent work. As a rule, you do all the things about the
house by yourself and never use the services of the laundry, the cleaner's,
1. If the soil is well-cultivated, it will yield good crops. 2. If the plot
the dressmaker's, etc. But now you are too pressed for time.
is devoted to garden use, it will need a lot of work and efforts. 3.1f the
field work is almost completely mechanized, it will be performed in the XII. Change the following sentences so as to use a complex object
shortest possible time. (a) with Participle I to express a process; (b) with the Infinitive to
VIII. Answer the following questions. express a complete action.
1. When and where did you have your new lovely dress made? Teacher Student
2. Has your friend had her blood pressure tested? She is constantly 1. I noticed a boy. He was I noticed a boy rubbing out
suffering from her headache. 3. When are you going to have your chest rubbing out the pencil marks the pencil marks from the text-
X-rayed? You are always coughing. 4. Will you go to the nearest che- from the text·book. book.
mist's to have your prescription made up? 5. How often do you have
your hair cut? 2. Hubert waved farewell to the I noticed Hubert wave fare·
IX. Respond to the following statements expressing an idea of some- young American lady. I no- well to the young American
thing done for the benefit of the person expressed by the subject of the ticed it. lady.
sentence. 1. A lot of foreign tourists are doing the sights of.our Hero-city. We
Teacher Student see them. 2. You can't have heard him. He declared he would have it
his own way. 3. Couldn't you hear her? She was saying they had a va-
Mum, something has gone wrong Yes, it won't work. I'm going cancy on the staff. 4. Her son was doing his best to clean and tidy up
with out TV set. It needs regulat- to have it regulated in a day or his room. She watched him. 5. He was showing the main industrial
ing. (in a day or two) two. centres of England on the map. We watched him. 6. One of the friends
1. The vacuum-cleaner wants repairing.(next Monday) 2. The whole broke the silence by a fit of coughing. They heard it. 7. A middle-aged
flat needs wall-papering. (in summer) 3. Your hair needs cutting much man was talking earnestly to a young lady at the next window but one
shorter.(at once) 4. Her shoes need mending.(very soon) 5. Your rain- to ours. I saw it. 8. Though asked to stand back, Le Ros stood clasping
co'at wants cleaning (in a week) 6. The apples need picking.(thEf'day in both hands the hands of' the young American. I watched it. 9. I could
after tomorrow) see that he quickly darted forward again to whisper some final word.
X. Complete the following sentences. XIII. Give your own dialogues similar to the suggested ones. Act
Teacher Student them out.
He can't afford to have ... He can't afford to have all 1. - What is the best way to learn from textbooks? Reading is the
those things cleaned now. It most important thing in studies, isn't it?
will cost a lot of money. - Yes, it certainly is. If given some material for reading you'd
202 203
 better read it quickly and take outline notes. A set of well-kept Nora: Yes, a few moments before.
notes is very useful for good knowledge. Sergeant: Yes, did you see anyone when you went out?
- Have you ever seen a student taking his lecture notes in outline Nora: Yes, I saw the roadman sweeping the pavement, and - oh, yes,
form? I saw the insurance man knock at the door of number ten.
- Of course. It helps them a lot during their revision time. Sergeant: Thanks very much. That's very helpful. I shall have to ask
2. - These books need binding. How soon can I have them bound? them if they noticed anyone they didn't know come into the
And how much will it cost? To have them bound, I mean. road. So, didn't see anyone else, Mrs Parker? No tradesmen, for
- Let me have a look at them. Oh, sorry, I don't think you can have example?
it done at all. They are completely torn. Look, they tear at a Nora: Nobody at all.
touch. And that will cost a lot of money. Mrs Wood: Isn't it awful, Mrs Parker? Just think - you may have
- What bad luck! actually heard the thief stealing my spoons!
Sergeant: Well, we won't say 'stealing' for the moment, Mrs Wood. You
XIV. Translate into English using Participle II in different functions never know with these cases. We'll just say the spoons are
and the Objective Participial Construction. . missing. I daresay you haven't seen the last of them yet.
1. MbIYBH)];eJIH)];eKaHa,oKp~eHHoro TOJITIOHB3BonHOBaHHbIX.CTY-
)];eHTOB.2. Te6e 6bI nyqIlle nOqHHHTbqaCbIB MacTepcKoH. 3. H 3aMeTHna, * **
qTO OH 6bIn 3aHRTpa3roBopoM H He o6parnn BHHMaHHRHa rrpHIlle)];IllHX Nora: It's Peter's birthday the day after tomorrow. I've had a new suit
yqeHHKOB. 4. MHe 6bI XOTeJIOCb,qTo6bI 06paTHbIe 6HneTbI TOJKe6bInH made for him to wear at his party.
)];OCTaBneHbI)];OMOH.5. OTeIJ;3aMeTHn, qTO ManbqHK )];POJKHT OTxono)];a, Harry: Are you going to cook all the cakes and things yourself?
H 3aCTaBHn ero neqb B nOCTeJIb.6. MbI cnbIIllanH, KaK Bpaq )];aBan no)];- Nora: Some of them. And the rest I shall have done by a shop. I'll
po6HbIe HHCTPYKIJ;HH 6onbHoMY H KaK OHCKa3an, qTO6onbHoH )];Onj{(eH have the boys do most of the things about the house for me.
Ha cne)];yroIIJ;HH)];eHb c)];aTb KpOBb Ha aHanH3. 7. HarnR)];HbIe noco6HR, That reminds me, I must get the carpets beaten before the
Hcnonb3yeMbIe Ha ypOKax, nOMoraroT yqaIIJ;HMCRnyqIlle OBna)];eTb party.
MaTepHanoM. 8. OH B3rnRHyn Ha MeHR TaK cTpaHHo, KaK 6Y)];TOero Robert: Oh, and, Dad, will you have the tape-recorder mended by Fri-
CrrpOCHnHqTO-TOHeo6bI~oe. 9. Kor)];a ero CrrpOCHnH,HpaBHTcR nH
day? It's broken again, and I can't do anything with it.
eMY anbnHHH3M, OH OTBeTHn, qTO 3TO ero nro6HMb1H BH)]; cnopTa.
10. XOTR 3eMnro XOPOillO o6pa6oTanH, oHa He )];ana OJKH)];aeMOrO Nora: What do you want the tape-recorder for on Friday?
YPOJKaR. 11. EcnH 6bI MHe CeHqaC rrpe)];OCTaBHnHOTrryCK, R 6bI no- Robert: We shall have to use it for the dancing.
exan Ky)];a-HH6Y)];b B rOpbI. Harry: What, dancing half the night? Then I see what I shall have to
do.
XV. Act out the conversations. Nora: What's that, Harry?
Mrs Wood: Oh, Mrs Parker, the police-sergeant here has come about the Harry: (jokingly) I must have a bed made up for me at the club, and
theft of my spoons. Would you be so kind as to tell him what spend the night there.
you heard this afternoon? XVI. Imagine you are in the following situations.
Nora: Yes, of course. Good afternoon, sergeant. 1.You talk with your tutor about your studies. He says success in stu-
Sergeant: Good afternoon, Mrs Parker. dies depends not only on ability and hard work, but also on efficient me-
Nora: Well, first I heard somebody moving about in Mrs Wood's thods used in studies. He adds that some students are bored to get down
house. And then I heard the back door bang. I thought it was to regular concentrated and well-planned work. You agree that a sen-
Mrs Wood. But it can't have been her, because I saw her coming sible routine of well-organized work is very important for students de-
down the street only a few minutes later. termined to be.highly-educated specialists.
Sergeant: Yes, about what time was this? Act out your talk.
Nora: I heard the radio announcer say it was half past three, just
before I went out. 2. You ask your lecturer for his advice how to prepare properly for
the coming exams. He enumerates some well-known rules though neg-
sergeant: So if you heard a stranger come out of Mrs Wood's back
lected sometimes: some students are inclined to put off their work to
door, it must have been before three-thirty?
204 205
the very last moment; freedom from discipline leads to unhappiness; no 1. Mr Seal sees his friend, Mr Davidson, accompanied by his child-
day-dreaming; no last-minute rush and latenight sitting; early revision is ren. 2. He seems puzzled at first. 3. When asked,Mr Davidson explains
required; get the revision of the material completed about a week before everything. 4. As if glued to the TV the children are following their
the examination period, etc. You are delighted to hear so many useful father. 5. Mr Seal sees them watching TV. 6. That is the only way to
things and appreciate his good advice. make them go out for a walk.
Act out your talk. XIX. Listen to the following jokes. Reproduce them.
3. You talk with your sister and discuss plans for the house-warming Mr Brown was out walking one day with his wife and his large
party you are going to give ina week. family. Grabbed by the shoulder, he was stopped by a policeman in the
XVII. Make up situations of your own using the suggested word com- street.
binations and the patterns under study: "Hold on!" protested Mr Brown shocked. "What have I done? "
"I certainly don't know what you've done," answered the policeman,
1) to go for a drive; to choose a place; to treat somebody to some- "but I do want to know why theerowd is following you!"
thing; to do one's best; to relax; (Participle II as an attribute);
2) to be familiar with; to do good (harm); to leave an impression on; * * *
to have good (bad) luck; to be engaged (in social activities); (Participle II What is the difference between a bottle of medicine and a carpet?
as an adverbial modifier of time or concession); One is shaken up and taken and the other is taken up and shaken.
3) a masterpiece (of ancient Russian architecture); to supply some-
body with; to pass the time; to leave something full of deep impres- Hig~ly Coloured
sions; to do the sight pf; (Participle I as part of the Objective Participial "Your narrative is too highly coloured," remarked the editor, return-
Construction) ; ing the bulky manuscript.
4) to have something to do with; to be willing to do something; to "In what way? " inquired the disappointed author.
be great value; t<?appreciate something; to register (a letter) (Participle "Why," replied the editor a bit irritated, "in the very first chapter
II as part of the Objective Participial Construction). you make the old man turn purple with rage, the villain turn green with
XVIII. Think of and act out a dialogue based on the picture using envy, the hero turn white with anger, the heroine turn red with blushes,
the following patterns with Participle II and the Objective Participial and the coachmen turn blue with cold."
Construction.
Politeness of a Critic
A young author was reading his new tragedy for the first time in
public. He saw one of the listeners taking off his hat at the end of al-
most every line. The young man was eager to learn what aspects of his
work made the man act in this most flattering way.
"Why!" exclaimed the man, "I took off my hat every time I heard
you say something already familiar to me. I couldn't but welcome my
very old acquaintances."
XX. Memorize the following proverbs and use them in short situa-
tions of your own.
1. Well begun is half done. Xopornee HaqaJIOIIOJI)l;eJIa
OTKaqaJIO.
2. Soon learnt, soon forgotten. To, qTO 6bICTPOBbIYqeHO,6bICTPO
3a6bwaeTcH.
3. Lost time is never found again. nOTepHHHoroBpeMeHHHe BOpO-
\.... ~ TH!llb.
4. If you want a thing well done, do it yourself. CBOM:
rrra3 - aJIMa3.
.. ':"_''';',.,,.}~:i!'~
206 207
 Revision Exercises
rocks. 14. Everybody was very hungry, so they enjoyed the crisp lamb
I. Listen to the following sentences and comment on the use of the chops and boiled potatoes, which were followed by plenty of sweet
Participle and the Objective Participial Construction. plums. 15. When you speak about London, you must keep in mind
1. Across flat land not far from the coast we move towards Cardiff, that it is unlike any other city in the world as it has rather wide streets
lying near the mouth of the river Taff. 2. The youth hostel was a plea- but low houses and looks very grey. 16. The Lake District forms one
sant timber building, situated on the top of a hill. 3. Friendly stars were of the most popular holiday-districts in Great Britain and capitalizes
twinkling overhead, but the dark hills round the valley seemed a bit the beauty of its lakes and mountains. 17. In Kent there is a range of
frightening. 4. The adventure to visit the exhibition of famous painters low hills which run east and west. 18. These hills are called the North
was exciting for everybody. 5. He saw a herd of cows followed by an old Downs, and they really form the backbone of Kent 19. Though the
herdsman with a stick in his hand. 6. I was so frightened when I saw you island is separated from the mainland only by a wide stretch of wet
faint. 7. Caught between the dogs and the riders, the scattered sheep sand and can be reached on foot, but it remains the true island. 20. When
came together and became one body at last. 8. Seeing the eager young I crossed the bridge I came into the centre, which looks like any other
faces, the farmer's two sons climbed down to stretch their legs and let industrial city centre.
the children have a ride. 9. Frightened, they stopped picking the berries
and called to the others. 10. If you look at the map, you will notice a III. Translate into English using the Participle or the Objective Par-
long river coming from the North. 11. The men were riding so fast as ticipial Construction where possible.
though followed by some wild animal. 12. Never having been taken to
1. Kor,ll;a TYPHCTbIC,ll;eJIaJIHIlpHBaJI, OHH HallaJIH rOTOBHTb06e,ll;.
the mountains before, the children felt excited. 13. If quickly found in
2. Armca CeJIa OT,ll;OXHYTb nOCJIeToro, KaK OHa IlpHroTOBHJIaBKycHbm
the mountains, the tourists could be saved. 14. The sheep suddenly 06e,ll;. 3. Kor,ll;a ero IlpHrJIaCHJIHB nOe3,ll;KY,OH 06pa,ll;OBaJICH.4. ECJIH
stopped running as.if feeling the danger. 15. Though organized on the 6bI ,ll;eTeHB3HJ1HB JIee, OHH6bI TaM XOpOIIIOOT,ll;OXHYJIH. 5. TYPHCTbI
eve of the departure, the trip was very interesting. 16. The children OT,ll;bIXaJIH,
HaCJIa)K,ll;aHCb KpaCOTOHpaHHerO yTpa. 6. ,UeBYIIIKH6bICTpO
didn't want their trip spoiled. 17. Once a week she has her hair done at O,ll;eJIHCbH IlpHCOe,D;HHHJIHCbK OCTaJIbHbIMYllaCTHHKaMnOXO,ll;a,~e
the nearest hairdresser's. 18. It was peaceful and lovely in the mountains, HCKynaBIIIHMcHB 03epe. 7. MOJIO,ll;bIeJIIO,ll;H 06C~,ll;aJIH nJIaH nOe3,ll;KH
but frankly speaking the children were missing their dear home and Ha 03epa, H3yqaH KapTY 03epHoro KpaH. 8. ,UeaollKH 6eraJIH no JIeey,
thought of their mothers. c06HpaH HrO,ll;bI. HOO)KH,ll;aHHO OHH oCTaHOBHJIHCb,KaK 6Y,ll;TOHCny-
raBIIIHCblIerO-TO. 9. TaK KaK TYPHCTbI,ll;pO)KaJIH OTxOJIo,ll;a,OHHpeIIIH-
II. Replace the subordinate clauses by participial phrases. JIH pa3Beern KocTep. 10. XOTH ero 1lp0CHJIHHe OTnpaBJIHTbCHB nOe3,ll;-
1. When the train had turned north, it approached the hills and deep KY, OH He nOCJIYIIIaJICHH nonan B 6e,ll;Y.11. Kor,D;aOH nOCJIeCJIY)K6bI
and narrow valleys. 2. Soon we came to Carmarthen with its ancient B apMHH BepHYJICHB P0,ll;HYIO,ll;epeBHIO,OH YBH,ll;eJI,liTOBce B HeR H3-
castle which was overlooking the town. 3. Inside the caravan was like a MeHHJIOCb.12. TaK KaK Y::mc OMbIBaeTCHMopeM C Tpex CTOPOH,OH
proper little flat which was beautifully planned. 4. After Alice I:!.adbeen Ha3bIBaeTCH nOJIYOCTPOBOM.13. Kor,ll;a MbI nO,ll;HHJIHCbHa XOJIM,
told what to bring, she got busy helping the others. 5. As they had taken MbI YBH,ll;eJIH,ll;JIHHHYIOpeKY, TeKY~YIO C ceBepa. 14. ECJIH 6bI HaM
no proper shoes or socks, they got wet and then caught bad colds. pa3peIIIHJIH nO)KHTbB JIoH,ll;OHeHe,ll;eJIlO,MbI 6bI n03HaKOMHJIHCbCO
BceMH ero ,ll;OCTOnpHMellaTeJIbHOCTHMH. 15. Kor,ll;a TYPHCTbInpHe3)Ka-
6. When he was told they would be camping near a farm, he got pleased. lOT B JIOH,ll;OH,HX y,ll;HB~HeT60JIbIIIOe KOJIHlleCTBO MOCTOBlIepe3 peKY
7. When Mr Ball had settled everything, he told the party to set off TeM3Y· 16. ECJIH6bI ,ll;eTHMpaCCKa3aJIH,KaK'nonaCTb B ~eHTp rop0,ll;a,
north-west towards the hills and the mountains of the Lakeland. 8. They OHH 6bI ,ll;06PaJIHCbTy,ll;arOpa3,ll;0 6bIcTpee. 17. OHH CTOHJIHH CMOTpe-
set off just after dawn, as they wanted to reach the farm before night- JIHHa nJIaBaro~HX JIe6e,ll;eH.
fall. 9. They were in a hurry as if they were afraid not to come in time.
10. Though the young people were asked to leave the car, they didn't
want to get out of it. 11. The dogs were barking and waving their tails
as if they were welcoming the tourists. 12. If the ~oung people were
shown a perfect camping site nearby, they could put up a tent. 13. They
could see the white line of a stream, which was running downhill to the
208
14 3aK. 6615
 THE GERUND
Pattern Drill I
The Characteristics of the Gerund

Characteristics Tense, Voice

Distinctions
Nominal verbal simultaneous action prior action Peculiarities

The Gerund may be The Gerund Indefinite Gerund Active

1. used as a subject 'Perfect Gerund Active
1. can take a direct I hate being on sick leave 1. The Gerund is rendered in Russian by a
Swimming is just de- object It serves you right for having dis- noun, an infinitive, by ;o;eenpH'IaCme,
and staying in bed. obeyed me.
lightful there. They can't get good by a subordinate clause.
2. used as a predicative Indefinite Gerund Passive
crops without culti- Perfect Gerund Passive 2. After the verbs to remember, to excuse, to
, My favourite out-door He had a feeling of being forgive, to thank and after the preposi-
vating soil. I've never heard of the house having
winter sport is figure- watched. tions' on (upon), after, without the In-
2. can be modified by been painted once since it was built ..
skating. definite Gerund is usedto denote a
an adverb
3. used as an object prior action.
I hate seeing people She burst out cry-
ing bitterly. I hardly remember ever seeing a better
off, I prefer being game.
seen off myself. 3. has tense and voice
4. preceded by a preposi- distinctions: seeing Young people enter college after finish-
off, having seen ing high school, at 18.
tion
I can boast of having off, having been 3. After the verbs to want, to need, to deserve,
seen London. seen off. to require and the adjective worth. the
5. modified by a posses- Gerund is used in the active form though
sive pronoun it is passive in meaning.
His being so slow is My watch needs repairing.
very annoying. The film is amusing. It's worth seeing.
6. modified by a noun The sportsman deserves praising.
in the Possessive Case
objected to
She objected to her
son's travelling by sea.

Predicative Constructions
with the Gerund
Function Sent~nce Patterns Voice, Tense Distinctions
The Nominal Element
a living being Peculiarities
a lifeless thing
1. A complex 1. It's no use your telling Indefinite Gerund Active
subject me not to worry. may be expressed
1. by a noun in the 1. By a possessive pro-
2. A complex pre- 2. What annoyed me most Indefinite Gerund Passive Possessive Case 1. The Gerundial Predicative
noun Construction is nearly al.
dicative was his being invited It's bad enough Ri.
the're regularly. Perfect Gerund Active He insisted on its (the ways rendered in Russian
chard's failing at the telegram) being deli-
3. A complex ob- 3. I was irritated with him by a subordinate clause in
examination vered without delay. troduced by
ject having been put in a,n Perfect Gerund Passive
2. by a possessive pro- 2. by a noun in the
awkward position. TO,'ITO; TeM,'ITO; KaK;
noun common case nOCJIeTOro, KllK, etc.
210
211
 Function Sentence Patterns Voice, Tense Distinctions Peculiarities
a living being I a lifeless thing
The morning passed The carrying out of You may rely on my set-
4. A complex at- 4. I don't like the idea of
without my making these plans depends on ting matters right.
tribute Mary's going home
alone. any decision. the documents being BhI MO)KeTe paCC'lHTbI-
:1.by a noun in the com- signed in time. BaTb Ha TO, qTO H Bce YJIa-
5. A complex ad- 5. I stayed at the party a
verbial modifier bit longer in spite of mon case 3. by pronouns all, this, )KY·

her having told me the a) when the doer of the ac- that, both, each, some- 2. Gcrundial Constructions
sad ncws. tion is emphasized thing in which the nominal
He denied Mary having done I couldn't deny both of element is expressed by a
this on purpose. them having made a noun in the common case
b) when the nominal element reasonable excuse. or a pronoun in thc objec-
consists of two or more tive case are sometimes
nouns called constructions with a
I insist on Mary and Kate pass- half Gerund.
ing their vacation at a rest- 3. In the Predicative Gerundi-
home. al Construction the Gerund
~. by a pronoun in the objec- usually refers to a subject
tive case of its own.
Do you mind them coming
too?

The Gerund as a Subject

Function Sentence Patterns Voice, Tens/' Distinctions Patterns to be memorized

1. Flying is a thrilling thing. Indefinite Gerund It's no good your trying to find an A complex subject
2. Your being so indifferent irritates me Active excuse. His being so slow is very annoying.
a great deal. Indefinite Gerund Jack laughed.
A Subject Passive It was quite unexpected his coming so
3. It's no use discussing it now, we must Their being bothered amused him. soon.
act. Perfect Gerund His having failed at the examinations
Active A subject with the introductory "there
4. It's worth while seeing the ballet. was a great disappointment to his . no ".
IS
5. There was no persuading him, as he mother.
Perfect Gerund Once he starts making little jokes, there is
was too stubborn. Mary's having been put in an awkward no stopping him.
Passive position irritated both of us.
There is no deceiving him, he can read my
face like a book.

The Gerund as a Predicative

Function Sentence Patterns Tense, Voice Distinctions
A Predicative 1. What he loves best in the world is going to the theatre. Indefinite Gerund Active The important part is helping people to live
2. What annoyed me most of all was his accepting their normal lives.
proposal quite readily. Indefinite Gerund Passive What tired him greatly was being questioned by
__ L newspaper correspondents.

212
213
 The Gerund as Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate

Function Sentence Patterns Tense, Voice Distinctions Peculiarities

The audience burst out applauding. Indefinite Gerund They started clapping to show their appre- Here are some verbs with which the
Active ciation of the acting. Gerund forms a compound vprbal
aspect predicate:
I couldn't help staying in a hotel when to keep on, go on, give up, leave off, burst
Julia couldn't help feeling the Indefinite Gerund
on a business trip. out, finish, stop, cease, begin, start, continue.
warmth of the reception. Active
The Gerund forms a compounl ver-
Indefinite Gerund I couldn't help being excited when I was
bal modal predicate with the modal
Passive told that news.
expression can't help.

The Gerund as a· Direct Object

Function Sentence Patterns Tense, Voice Distinctions Peculiarities

1. The museum is world-famous and Indefinite Gerund Active Would you mind having a business The verbs after which the Gerund is used
certainly worth seeing.(a direct ob- talk over the telephone? as a direct object or a complex direct ob-
ject) Indefinite Gerund Passive I can't bear being asked about my ject:
2. I remember my brother-in-law going private affairs. to avoid, deny, enjoy, fancy, mind, postpone,
for a short sea trip once for the be- put off, suggest, want, need, require, deserve,
Perfect Gerund Active He didn't recollect such a thing hav-
nefit of his health. (a complex direct . be busy, like, dislike, hate, prefer, excuse, reo
ing happened to him before.
object) member, forgive, forget, regret, recollect, can't
Perfect Grrund Passive He denied the message having been afford, can't bear, etc.
sent by post.

The Gerund as a Prepositional Object

Function Sentence Patterns Tense, Voice Distinctions Peculiarities

We are looking forward to seeing Indefinite Gerund Active I was greatly surprised at having my The verbs after which the Gerund is used
"Swan Lake" tonight. letter returned. as a prepositional object: to approve of, to
He agreed to this valuable letter being Indefinite Gerund Passive I insisted on the parcel being sent with complain of, to accuse of, to suspect of, to think
registered. declared value. of, to boast of, to be aware of, to be capable of,
(a complex prepositional object) Perfect Gerund Active Sh e suspee t e d 0 f h·IS ac t u all y h avmg
. open- to be fond of, to be pleased at, to be surprised at;
'
ed her letters.
. . . to agree to, to object to, to confess to, to de·
Perfect Gerund Passive She complamed of havmg been mterrupted vote to, to look forward to, to get used to, to
every other moment. get accustomed to;
to rely on, to insist on, to count on, to depend
on;
to feel like, to look like, to persist in, to suc-
ceed in, to be busy in, to be engaged in, to be
interested in; to prevent from, to keep from; to
thank for, to care for.

214 215
 The Gerund as un Attribute

Function Sentence Patterns Tense, Voicp Peculiari ties

Distinctions
The doctor left three different medi- Indefinite Gerund Active He pointed out the way of avoiding H ere are the nouns after which the
cines with instructions for giving complications. Gerund is used as an attribute:
them. Indefinite Gerund Passive He had a feeling of being watched. of
I don't believe that is the reason for chance, habit, idea, trouble, risk, me-
their losing the game.(a complex at- Perfect Gerund Active I hadn't any fear of having said too thod, way, custom, fear, manne~, ..
tribute) means, problem, necessity, possIbIhty,
much.
Perfect Gerund Passive She gave no sign of having been in- pleasure, right, hope, intention, impor-
formed of their arrival. tance, effort, feeling, sound, gift, sign,
etc.
for
instruction, apology, explanation, rea-
An Attribute son, preparation, excuse, plan
in
experience, use, skill, interest, sense,
harm, difficulty
at
astonishment, disappointment, sur-
prise

I. Study the tables carefully. Work in pairs or small groups and dis-
cuss the information contained in the tables.
nite Gerund Active running is in predicate relation to the noun in the
common case sand which denotes the doer of the action expressed by
II. Listen to the illustrative situations representing the typical use of the gerund.
the gerund. Keep in mind the way you are to comment on the structures 3. I'm not fond of flying. It always makes me nervous. I can't help
to be practised. thinking about accidents. All the way I keep dreaming about the flight
1. For me there is nothing like travel by air; it is more comfortable, back.
more convenient and of course far quicker than any other method. Com men tar y: Can't help thinking is a compound verbal modal
Besides, flying is a thrilling thing. predicate which consists of the Present ~n~efinite tense !orm .of .the
Com men tar y: Flying is a subject expressed by the Indefinite modal expression can't help and the IndefmIte Gerund ActIve thmkmg.
Gerund Active of the verb to fly used to denote an action simultaneous Keep dreaming is a compound verbal aspect predicate which c.onsists
with that of the finite verb. of the Present Indefinite tense form of the verb to keep expressmg the
duration of the action and the Indefinite Gerund Active dreaming. Fly-
2. My idea of a good holiday is going to the seaside. I love sunbathing
ing is a prepositional object expressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active
and the feeling of sand running through my fingers. of the verb to fly used to denote an action simultaneous with that of the
Com men tar y: Is going is a compound nominal predicate which finite verb.
consists of the link-verb to be in its Present Indefinite tense form and the
4. Last year I was taken on a cruise round Europe. It was a most
predicative going expressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active of the verb exciting experience. Now I can boast of having seen Rome and London,
to go. Sunbathing is a direct object. Sand running is a complex attribute Paris and Athens.
expressed by the Predicative Gerundial Construction in which the Indefi·
216
217
15 3a!c 6615
 Com men tar y: Having seen is a prepositional object expressed the children being taken to the mountains. 2. She always objected to
by the Perfect Gerund Active of the verb to see used to denote an action making all the necessary preparations for the trip. She objected to her
prior to that of the finite verb. mother (mother's) making all the necessary preparations for the trip.
III. Practise these sentences aloud and comment on the use of the 3. We denied having taken part in the cruise round Europe. We denied
gerund in the functions under study. them (their, our friends) having taken part in the cruise round Europe.
1. I am fond of travelling by air; it is more comfortable, more conve- VI. Change the sentences so as to use the predicative constructions
nient and of course far quicker than any other method. 2. My friend with the gerund.
avoids travelling by ship as she is always seasick, especially when the sea Teacher Student
is a little bit rough. 3. The travellers couldn't help admiring the wonder-
I don't like the idea of being I don't like the idea of my
ful beaches on the west coast of France. 4. Hitch.hiking is a comparative-
caught in the rain. little nephew being caught in
ly new way of travelling which gives one a chance of seeing much with-
out spending anything. 5. Travelling by air not only saves time but it is the rain.
also less tiring compared with a long journey in a stuffy compartment 1. They objected to buying an expensive thing as a present. 2. I see
on a train. 6. There is no denying that walking is the cheapest method no reason for losing temper. 3. He never dreams of entering this insti-
of travelling. 7. I can boast of having been taken on a cruise round tute. 4. We rely on being informed about the flight. 5. She never minded
Europe. 8. There are wonderful beaches at some places on the west keeping late hours. 6. I see no chance of visiting England. 7. He is proud
coast. Swimming is just delightful there. 9. I think your climbing the of being a top student. 8. What makes me always angry is changing the
mountain alone is very dangerous. 10. Their being so keen on flying time-table so often. 9. Cutting lectures always deserves scolding.
surprises me. 11. I don't like very much the idea of his joining us in the VII. Paraphrase the sentences using the predicative constructions
trip. 12. What surprises me most is his knowing the route so well. He with the gerund:
must have visited the place several times without us. 13. When I am on
the flight I always keep thinking about the flight back. 14. It's worth Teacher Student
while touring the country without planning in advance. It has all the We insisted that the girls should We insisted on the girls starting
attractions of surprise and fun. start off at once. (on) off at once.
IV. Reproduce the situations from the text "Different Methods of 1. There was a possibility that we should join them in a day. (of)
Travelling" to illustrate the use of the gerund in the functions under 2. We were sure that the trip would be very pleasant. (of) 3. There was
study. little hope that the weather would keep fine at least for a couple of
1. Personally I hate seeing people off. I prefer being seen off my- days. (of) 4. Our parents insisted that we should take a lot of warm
self. 2. I can't help feeling I should so much like to be in his place. things. (on) 5. We could not even think that the trip might be postponed.
3. There is none of the trouble of changing from train to steamer. 4. No (of) 6. We all agreed that our group would go to the country on Satur-
day. (to)
one can deny that walking is the cheapest method of travelling. 5.You
may say what you like about aeroplane flights, but give me a walking VIII. Combine the two sentences into one using the gerund as a sub-
tour any time. 6.I'm extremely fond of travelling and feel terribly en- ject with the introductory "it", Expand the situations.
vious of any friend who is going anywhere. Teacher Student
V. Explain the difference between the following sentences. Give Don't try to pack a few more It's no use trying to pack a few
your own ones by analogy. things.(no use) more things. There's no more
Stuucot 1 Student 2 room in the suitcase.
I don't mind booking tickets in I don't mind his booking tickets 1. Don't take the heavy suitcase down all by yourself. (no good)
advance. in advance. 2. Don't come to the station right before the train's departure. (awful)
(I'll book tickpts) (He'll book tickets) 3. Don't try to get tickets when the holiday season is in full swing.
1. They insisted on being taken to the mountains. They insisted on (waste of time) 4. Don't go to bed late at night before your departure.
(silly) 5. Don't ask all your friends to see you off. (a bore) 6. Don't
218
219
leave by day. Night is the most suitable time if you don't like to be XI. Answer the questions using the gerund as a predicative. Develop
seen off. (worth while) the situation.
Teacher Student
IX. Change the structure of the sentences so as to use the const- What is the best way of travelling? In my opinion, the best way of
ructions there is no + gerund. (to travel by air) travelling is travelling by air. It
Teacher Student is more comfortable, more con-
When he starts speaking about There is no stopping him 'when venient and of course far quick-
travelling nobody can stop him. he starts speaking about travell- er than any other method.
ing. 1. What is the cheapest method of travelling? (to walk) 2. What
1. There is nothing like travel by air for him, No one can persuade troubles people most of all when they are travelling? (to change from
him that there are other means of travelling. 2. You can't deny that train to steamer, then to another train) 3. What is the means of travelling
travelling on foot is verY good for our health. 3. It's almost impossible which combines speed, comfort and pleasure? (to go by train) 4. What is
to get tickets for a train or plane when the holiday season is at its height. the best way to see the country at leisure? (to walk, to hike, to hitch·
4. It's hardly possible to argue that trains are more convenient for most hike) 5. What is the best change from the dust, smells and bustle and
people, because they run like clock-work. 5. If he makes up his mind hustle of the city? (to go to a quiet country phlce) 6. What is the best
to travel by ship, it is impossible to talk him out of it. way to get to know and understand other people? (to meet them in
their own homes) 7. What is the best way of studying geography? (to
X. Express agreement with the folloiving situations in which the travel)
gerund is used as a subject. Develop the idea using the suggested words
and word combinations. XII. Protest against the following statements using the gerund as
part of a compound verbal aspect predicate. Explain the reason for
Teacher Student your protest.
Driving a car has some dis- It's quite true. In town it's ra- Teacher Student
advantages. (rather a nui· ther a nuisance with all these
sance traffic "jams" or traffic "jams" or "hold-ups", I'm going to leave for the You'll have to wait a bit. I've
"hold-ups", round abouts, round abouts, detours and SO on. station. I may be late. (to begin, just begun packing my suitcase.
detours) to pack, my suitcase)
1. There is no persuading me that travelling by car is a pleasant 1. I'm going to telephone for a taxi. (to start, to help to pack, not
-thing: (to be unpleasant, to ride on a bumpy road, to get a flat tyre, to want, to miss the train). 2. I'm going to put on my coat. I like it best.
to be still worse, to get stuck in the mud) (to stop, to be a bore, not to take it from the cleaner's). 3. I'm going
2. Car drivers sometimes have to move at a snail's pace. It's worth to switch off the radio. (to go on, to listen to the weather forecast, to
while going on foot in such cases. (in summer, holiday-makers, to flock take a raincoat) 4. I'm going to smoke a lot when I'm out of town.
to the South, to have to wait in long queues of vehicles, before getting (to give up, to smoke, had better, to eat sweets instead, to be harmful
to the destinations) . for one's health) 5. I'm going to inform Pete he is not going with me.
3. Going in a car with a driver who "doesn't obey traffic rules is very (had better, not to inform, to burst out, to cry, to look forward to the
dang~rous. (to be fined, for breaking the traffic rules, to be warned,' trip for months) 6. I'm going to write you letters every day. (had better,
to drIve carefully) not to spend so much time on writing, keep on, to think about one's
4. Some drivers don't realize how dangerous their driving is both studies)
for themselves and for other people. (to stop the driver, for going right XIII. Paraphrase the sentences using can't (couldn't) help + gerund
past the traffic lights, to be red, to talk about, dangerous driving) as a compound verbal modal predicate.
5. It's no fun seeing more of the roadside than of the real country- Teacher Student
side when y01.':'travel in a car (tv go to some place or town, along the
route, you have marked out). When at a big railway station I When at a big railway station I
always admire the movement, can't help admiring the move-
220 221
the excitement, the gaiety of the ment, the excitement, the 1. You must take your watch to the watch-maker's. (to repair)
people going away and I am sorry gaiety of the people going away 2. Look how long your hair is. You must go to the barbar's. (to cut)
for those who are seeing others and I can't help being sorry for 3. Your grey suit is crumpled. I must press it. (to press) 4. My bad tooth
off. those who are seeing others off. again troubles me. I must go to the dentist. (to pull out) 5. My lovely
1. After putting my luggage on a rack I always get out on the plat- summer dress is too long. I must shorten it. (to shorten) 6. You must
form to breathe some fresh air and bid farewell to the well-wishers who take the linen to the laundry. (to wash) 7. I must go to the hairdresser's
have come to see me off. 2. When I am on the way I always try to start to have my nails polished. (to polish) 8. We are going to take our camera
a conversation with my fellow-passengers as people become friends with with us, aren't we? But something has gone wrong with it. (to adjust)
each other very quickly when travelling. 3. When the excitement of the XVI. Study the following dialogue, then answer the questions using
day is over I always begin to feel hungry. 4. After a hearty meal I always the gerund as an object.
observe the beauty of the changing scenes that fly past me. 5. Lying Jane: Oh, Robert! Can't you drive a bit more carefully? You nearby
on the upper berth I always think of all the troubles of the day. 6. Soon had us through the roof that time. Poor Barbara's been given
I feel drowsy, close my eyes and drift away into that vast mysterious such a shaking, that she's incapable of saying anything.
void which men call asleep. Robert: I'm sorry about the bumps. According to the map this is sup-
XIV. Paraphrase the following statements using the perfect gerund posed to be an A road, but it can't have been repaired for good-
to denote an action prior to that of the finite verb. ness knows how long.
A few days ago we had a conversation with John and Jane who had Jane: Are you sure it's just the road, Robert? Perhaps the tyres need
just returned from their cruise round Europe. pumping up.
Teacher . Student Robert: I think I had better have a look at them. Maybe we have got a
flat.
It's very strange but John denied It's very strange but John Jane: Look Robert, this tyre's definitely flat. It must be a puncture.
that they had called at a number denied their having called at Robert: I suppose it'll have to be changed. I just hope I'll manage. Jane,
of European ports. a number of European ports. you'd better give me a hand with the jack.
Jane: Oh, I think I'd better attend to the lunch, Robert.
1. He also denied that at each port they had gone ashore and made Robert: You might at least give me a drink.
the most wonderful trips into the depth of the country. 2. As for his Jane: Oh, Robert, something terrible's happened. The bottle wasn't
wife she boasted that she had seen a number of European cities and lots closed properly and all the beer's run out. You'll have to have
of interesting things there. 3. She was very sorry after Gibraltar she had tea.
had to keep to the cabin as it was rough in the Atlantic. 4. She confessed Robert: Tea! That's not a man's drink!
that she had felt unwell for some more days after that stormy weather. Jane: Tea is said to be a good stimulant. Much better for drivers than
5. She acknowledged that she hadn't gone ashore in Spain and only had alcohol.
seen the coast from the deck. 6. Jane boasted that she had bathed in the Robert: I suppose there's nothing for it. Fancy being reduc2d to drink-
Mediterranean and in the Atlantic Ocean. 7. She was also very proud ing tea at a picnic! There, that's the wheel back on. Let's be
that she had sunbathed on wonderful beaches at some places on the west off.
coast of France.
After Say It With Us by H.Andrews
XV. Respond to the following statements using the gerund in its ac-
tive form though it is passive in meaning. Teacher Student
John and Jane are discussing what they must do before leaving for What does Jane accuse Robert She accuses Robert of driving
their holidays. of? (to drive very carelessly) very carelessly.
Jane John 1. What does she complain of? (to be given a heavy shaking) 2. What
I must take your coat to the Yes, my coat needs (wants) does she suspect Robert of? (to be a poor driver) 3. What does she sug-
cleaner's. (to clean) cleaning. gest? (.Robert, to have a look at the tyres)4. Why doesn't Robert agree to
222 223
 * * *
looking at the tyres? What ishe sure of? (to have a flat)5.What do the tyres This room is untidy. It wants putting in order.
need? (to pump up) 6. What does Robert feel like? (to repair the car We shall soon have it spick and span.
on the road) 7. What does she prefer better than helping Robert? Are you going to lend me a hand?
(to get the meal ready) 8. What is she sorry for? (not to close the No, I'm not, but Mary is.
bottle properly) 9. What does Robert object to? (to drink tea) 10. What
XIX. Translate into English. Act out the dialogue in pairs.
doesn't he fancy? (to be reduced to drinking tea at a picnic) 11. What
does he succeed in? (to repair the car) IlpHBeT, .!l:HI<:!
Te6e nOHpaBHnOCbneTeTb caMoneToM?
IlonytIHIT HCTHHHoeYAoBonbcTBHe. HeT HHqerO nyqrne, qeM nyTe-
~VII. Paraphrase the following s~ntences using the gerund as an rnecTBoBaTb caMoneTOM. OqeHb YA06HO H, I<:pOMeToro, caMbIM
attrzbute. Make use of the suggested nouns with prepositions. 6bICTPbIMBH,l1. TpaHcnopTa.
Teacher Student A 6bmH nH y Te6H 3aTpYAHeHHHB nOI<:ynI<:e6HneTa?
06 3TOM He CTOHTAaJKe ynoMHHaTb. H 3aI<:a3an 6HneT npeABapH-
He doesn't intend to tour the He has no intention of touring TenbHO, H B AeHb BbmeTa MHe npHHecnH ero Ha AOM.EAHHCTBeHHoe
country on foot. (intention of) the country on foot. HeYA06cTBO- Heo6xOAHMOCTbBCTaBaTbpaHO yTpOM, qT06bI ycneTb
:. ~ do.n't hope to get tickets for the train. (no hope of) 2. They Ha aBT06yc, HAYIUHM B a3ponopT.
don t fmd It reasonable to change their plans for the summer.(no reason A I<:aI<:
TbI qYBcTBoBan Ce6H B caMoneTe?
for) 3. I'm not experienced in climbing the mountains.(no experience in) CHaqana H He Mor He AYMaTb0 TOM, qTO MHe 6YAeT nnoxo, HO no-
neT 6bm TaI<:HMnnaBHbIM (smooth), qTOBCI<:OpeH nepecTan AYMaTb
4. He, do~sn'~ find '!t useful to sunbathe for hours. (no use in) 5. She
o BCHI<:HX HenpHHTHbIX Bew,ax H 3aHHITCHqTeHHeM AeTeI<:THBHOro
doesn t fmd .It. ~ossIble to refuse their offer to spend a fortnight at the pOMaHa. HHqTO He Mernano MHe qHTaTb,H I<:I<:OHUYnoneTa MHe YAa-
s~a.. (n? P?sSIbIlIty o~)? He was disappointed that we hadn't accepted nOCb npOqHTaTbBecb pOMaH.
hI~ mVItatIOn to go fIshmg.(to show disappointment at) 7. She was very H BHJKY,qTO Te6H Tenepb TPYAHOnepey6eAHTb, qTO eCTb H ApyrHe
~kIlful when she gathered mushrooms.(to demonstrate an unusual skill BHAbITpaHcnopTa, 0 I<:OTOPbIX CTOHTrOBopHTb.
m) 8. We don't think it important to spend so much time discussing
XX. Act out the conversations in groups of three.
the route of the trip. (to see no importance of)
A: I spend my holidays in the mountains as a rule. What I like most is
XVIII. Give dialogues similar to the suggested ones. tramping just before sunrise in the fresh mountain air. That's my
What things in life do you dislike? conception of an ideal vacation.
I love walking and climbing, going to the pictures is also delightful. B: But have you ever watched the sun rise or set on the sea? Is there
Don't you like coming to this class? anything worth comparing with it in sheer beauty? Then the bath-
Oh, yes. I like coming here, and I like going away from here. What I ing! I must say I hate swimming in a cold mountain lake. I prefer
don't like is being here. splashing about in the sea with temperature of the water 25 degrees
* * * above. Then basking in the sun on sunny days is so delightful! My
coat of tan usually lasts for months.
Why do you sit with your eyes closed? c: And I take my holidays in the country. My staying in the country
I can't help thinking of getting airsick. for a couple of weeks is a welcome change from the dust, smells and
Open your eyes. Look how brilliantly the sun is shining.
bustle and hustle of the city. I am fond of watching rural life and ru-
Oh, how very nice!
ral scenes, I enjoy eating simple food,I always feel like going to the
* * * fields, the forest or the river. I return to town refreshed }:>hysically and
Stop hammering! I've got a headache. mentally. In a word, if you suffer from nerves, the idea of your going
I didn't know you minded my hammering. I'm sorry for disturbing to a quiet country place should be carefully thought over.
you. * * *
What are you doing?
A: I'm helping Mr Brown to build his new garage.
I mean to make a shelf.
B: But you don't know anything about building.
Is there any hope of your finishing'it quickly?
225
If you help me. I know you are good at making such things.
224
A: Oh, yes, I do. I once took a course in building at a Technical School! family, about his hobbies. He asks you a lot of questions and you have to
B: Well, seeing is building. But what are you doing with this cement? answer them.
Making a swimming-bath? XXIII. Think of situations using the following words and word
C: No, we are just making the cement foundations. You see I thought of combinations and the gerund in different functions:
buying a ready-made garage, but it's cheaper to build it yourself, and 1) to be keen on flying, to be delayed, due to weather conditions,
besides, it's much more fun! the flight, to have a wait, for hours, no fun (a subject with the introduc-
A: But will it stand up? Isn't there a aanger of its falling down? tory "it");
B: No, it will be a very solid building. 2) to insist, to go by sea, they, to be afraid, to swim in cold water,
XXI. Study the problem situations and try to solve the11J.by giving she, to catch a cold, to dislike, the very idea (a complex subject, an ob-
advice and using the patterns with the gerund under study. ject);
3) can't help, to feel envious, to see smb off, to shuffle from foot
Teacher Student
to foot, to stare blankly, to make conversation, to try, no use (part of a
Hardly anyone can enjoy sitting If you hate travelling by train compound verbal modal predicate);
in a train for more than a few you shouldn't miss an oppor- 4) to have troubles, to get tickets, to have to book the tickets, ho-
hours. Train compartments soon tunity of having a walking liday season, to be at its height, necessity, to stand in a queue (an attri-
get stuffy and cramped. I always tour. You'll enjoy seeing the bute);
feel very uncomfortable when I real country, and feeling the 5) to hitch-hike, to be fond of, to be given a lift, here and there, to
have to go by train. quietness and calm of nature. wait for a car, to pick up, to see more of the roadside than the real
1. Going by sea takes a long time, even if you travel in ideal weather. countryside (a predicative);
And if the sea is rough, no form of transport could be worse. 2. Aero- 6) to worry, to stop, to get no tickets, for the train, to prefer, to
planes have the reputation of being dangerous. They also have the grave hike, not to depend on, bus schedules, to be hurried about, by a guide
disadvantage of being the most expensive form of transport. 3. I have not (part of a compound verbal aspect predicate).
much experience in driving a car but I think travelling by car is very
tiresome. XXIV. Describe the picture using the patterns with the gerund under
study.
XXII. Imagine you are in one of the following situations. Communi-
cate with each other in role-playing dialogues. Try hard to use the .~- __,.z..r . __.,._, ,.~'~

patterns with the gerund under study. -:.. ~.:.-"""--

-~'?:'...
1. You are at the airport seeing your friend off who is not keen on ~--;~.-~ ...-:;-~;
flying. Flying always makes him nervous. He says he doesn't think it's
very natural to be all the way up in the air. He can't help speaking about
accidents. You try to persuade him that not every flight runs into some
kind of trouble. He is sure that the best way of travelling is walking. He
adds that whenever he is in the air he keeps thinking about the flight
back. . ..
2. You are in the compartment full of people. You've succeeded ¢iJr
in finding a seat and have started dreaming of a munute's rest. Suddenly
the man sitting next to you asks if you wouldn't mind his putting your 1. It's great fun travelling in a car on a fine summer mor?ing. 2. ~hat
suitcase on the reck. You politely object to his doing it, saying you could they all liked was splashing in cold water. 3. Everybody lIked the Idea
do it yourself. The man is eager to go on talking with you but you do of having a snack. 4. They couldn't help admiring the beauty of nature.
your best to try to avoid getting in conversation with him. But all in 5. When it started raining they decided to return to town. 6. They say
vain. Once he's started speaking there is no stopping him. Several hours they wouldn't mind going on a picnic next weekend either.
have gone by. But he is still talking: about the city he lives in, about his
XXV. Listen to the stories and reproduce them.
226 227
 "Why on earth do you keep borrowing that saxophone from the man Thinking of Marriage
next door? You can't play it." Sandy West, a young man working in an office, asked his boss for
"1 know. And while I've got it he can't either." a raise in salary explaining that he was going to get married. The increase
* * * was granted. A few months later West met the manager again.
"Well, Sandy, I suppose you've quite settled down to married life
A young lady, holding a pair of skates, got on a crowded bus. A po-
by this time," remarked his boss.
lite young man stood up to give her his seat.
"I'm not married," answered West.
"Thank you very much, I've been skating all the morning and I'm "How is that? Not married!" exclaimed the manager. "Didn't you
tired of sitting down." ask me for a raise because you were thinking of getting married? "
* * * "Oh, yes," he answered, "but then I stopped thinking about it."
"Who was that ringing at the door last night? " XXVI. Memorize the following proverbs and use them in short
"The night-watchman from the factory across the road. He said our situations of your own.
baby's crying was keeping him awake."
1. Between two evils 'tis not worth choosing. vb ABYX30n Bbl6HpaTb
* * * He CTOHT.XpeH pe,nbKH He cname.
Many people have been so scared by reading about the harmful 2. Seeing is believing. YBHAeTb- 3HaqHTrrOBepHTb.
effects of smoking that they decided to give up reading. 3. It's no use crying over spilt milk. CnroaMH roplO He rrOMO:>Kellib.
4. Saying and doing are two things. CKOPO cKa3Ka cKa3bwaeTcH,
.na He CKOPO,neno ,nenaeTCH.
Pattern
Drill II
The Gerund as an
Adverbial Modifier
Function Sentence Patterns Tense. Voice Prepositions Used with the
Distinctions
Gerund
1. An adberbial mo- l. Before crossing the road, stop and Indefinite Gerund
After being looked through, the article was in
difier of time look both ways. Active
signed. (on (upon)
2. On hearing the news of his arrival Indefinite Gerund before
she hurried home. Passive. On entering the hall she saw a lot of fami-
liar faces. after
3. In trying to avoid another car, he at
ran into a lamp-post.

2. An adverbial mo- l. She spent the whole evening in Indefinite Gerund

He improved his article by changing the end. by, in
difier of manner packing. Active
2. He saved a good deal of time by Indefinite Gerund
going there by air. Passive He succeeded in finishing the work by being
given a helping hand.
3. An adverbial mo- l. Besides being clever she was also Indefinite Gerund
Instead of being invited to the party he was without
difier of atten- very industrious. Active
sent on a business trip. besides
dant circumstan- 2. He put the letter away without Indefinite Gerund
She passed by without noticing me. instead of
ces reading it. Passive

4. An adverbial mo- This hall is used for dancing. Indefinite Gerund

difier of purpose. Active He addressed them for being given a piece of for
Indefinite Gerund good advice.
Passive. The story was changed for staging at the
theatre.
228 229
 Function Sentence Patterns Tense, Voice Distinctions Prepositions Used with the
_.
Gerund
.....

5. An adverbial mo- You will never speak good En- Indefinite Gerund He couldn't enter without being invited.
difier of condi- glish without learning English. Active without
tion Indefinite Gerund in case of
For any popular play you can't get tickets
Passive. witl}out booking them in advance.
6. An adverbial mo- Through being careless, he met Indefinite Cerund He was in hospital for having been run by a for
difier of cause with an accident. Active car. for fear of
(reason) Indefinite Gerund owing to
He caught cold through getting his feet
Passive wet. through
Perfect Gerund because of
Active
Perfect Gerund
Passive

7. An adverbial mo- In spite of being tired, he con- Indefinite Gerund

In spite of having been scolded he was not
difier of conces- tinued working. Active offended.
SlOn Indefinite Gerund In spite of having spent the whole summer in spite of .
Passive in the South, he is taken ill again.
Perfect Gerund
Active

I. Study the tables carefully. Work in pairs or small groups and dis-
cuss the information contained in the tables.
II. Listen to .the illustrative situations representing the typical use of Without planning is an adverbial modifier of condition expressed
the gerund as an adverbial modifier. Keep in mind the way you are to by the Indefinite Gerund Active.
comment on the structures to be practised. 4. They spent their holidays in the mountains. In spite of being a bit
1. Most people who spend a holiday in travelling take a camera with too expensive their trip made an unforgettable impression on them. They
them and photograph anything that interests or pleases them. did a lot of skiing and at the same time avoided huge crowds of people.
e 0 m men tar y: In travelling is an adverbial modifier of manner In spite of being is an adverbial modifier of concession expressed
expressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active used to denote an action si- by the Indefinite Gerund Active.
multaneous with that of the finite verb. 5. On board a big ship there is a library, a cinema-hall, billiard rooms
2. Before boarding the plane the passengers must register at the air- which are used for entertaining the passengers. There is also a restaurant
port. At registering the passenger is required to have his luggage weighed that takes care of their appetites.
after which the attendant attaches a special fag to it to prevent it from For entertaining is an adverbial modifier of purpose expressed by the
getting lost. Indefinite Gerund Active.
Before boarding (at registering) is an adverbial modifier of time ex- 6. For fear of being air or seasick I prefer travelling by train. And I
pressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active used to denote an action which am sure there is no travel better than that.
follows that of the finite verb (which is prior to that of the finite verb).
For fear of being is an adverbial modifier of cause expressed by the
3. Touring the country without planning in advance has all the at- Indefinite Gerund Active.
tractions of surprise and fun that's missing when everything's cut and
7. On a walking tour you may cross any path in the forest without
dried. observing the traffic rules.
230
231
r(
I;

Without observing is an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstan- 1. How did he make his monologue sound natural? (to rehearse ma-
ces expressed by the Indefinite Gerund Active. ny times) 2. How did the audience show their administration with the
III. Practise these sentences aloud and comment on the use of the acting? (to a~plaud as hard as they could) 3. How did he remind you of
gerund as an adverbial modifier. the tune he hked so much? (to hum it) 4. How did you manage to re-
member the song? (to listen to it several times) 5. How did the actress
1. The theatre started the new season by staging Shakespeare's
manage to hold the attention of the audience? (to perform her part
"Othello". This play always has a full house. It seems it's going to have splendidly)
a long run. 2. For any popular play you can't get tickets without book·
ing them in advance. Sometimes, however, one is fortunate to pick up a VI. Link each pair of sentences using the gerund as an adverbial mo-
ticket at the entrance. 3. Owing to her acting the play was a great suc- difier of attendant circumstances in response to the following state-
ments.
cess. Her acting was particularly impressing in the closing scene. 4. The
spectators clapped and cheered for having been deeply impressed by the Teacher Student 1 Student2
play. They had never seen anything half so splendid. 5. The cloak-room It always takes you Don't grumble. Help Help me with that hat
serves for leaving the spectators' hats and coats there. Here one can also long to get ready. We me with that hat. instead of grumbling.
take opera-glasses if he sits in the pit, or in the balcony. 6. On entering shan't get to the opera
the theatre they understood that very famous actors would take part in in time.
the performance. The house was full up to the doors. 7. She sat without
looking at the stage. She was carried away by the music. 8. In spite of 1. T: Be quick or I'll really begin to lose patience.
being very popular the play didn't impress me. It was rather boring, S: Don't make me hurry. Check if you have taken the tickets.
IV. Paraphrase the following using the gerund as an adverbial modi- 2. T: I'm not used to crowds at every bus stop. I can't stand it.
fier of time. S: Don't grumble. Go on foot. It isn't very far.
Teacher Student 3. T: It's just a quarter to 7 but there is no sight of the bus. We are
When Rose arrived at the music- On arriving at the music-hall going to be late.
hall she heard a great deal of Rose heard a great deal of noise S: Don't worry. Take a taxi. It'll take us to the theatre in no time.
noise made by the audience. made by the audience. 4. T:The overture has begun. I'm afraid we'll miss the whole thing.
S: Don't be so nervous. Have your tickets ready.
1. When she bought a programme, she gave it to Mrs.Burlow, and 5. T: I'll see but little of the house and the audience.
looked about her brightly. 2. When Rose looked at the actors, the mem- S: Don't make so much noise. Take another seat.
bers of the orchestra, the attendants, she understood that youth had fled
from the music-hall though the whole place was cosy and friendly. VII. Use the gerund as an adverbial modifier of attendant circ~ms-
3. After the eccentric fellow made little jokes, fell over himself, climbed tances with the preposition without.
on to the back of the chair and played the accordion, he looked weary
and desolate. 4. When Rose saw an elderly woman standing in the wings Teacher Student
with a dressing gown in one hand and a small medicine glass in the other, They went to the theatre and They went to the
she wanted the man to stop clowning for them. 5. When Rose looked didn't inform us they would theatre without in-
at Mrs Burlow, she saw that she was enjoying herself laughing and be late. forming us they would
clapping as hard as anyone there. be late.
V. Answer the following questions using the gerund as an adverbial 1. He booked tickets for the first night in advance and didn't let me
modifier of manner. know about it. 2. She admired the music and didn't concentrate on the
Teacher Student . dia~ogue and .th~ acting. 3. We sat motionless greatly impressed by the
actmg and dIdn t applaud. 4. I entered the hall on tiptoe and dIdn't
How did you manage to get We managed to get tickets for
prevent anybody from listening to the music. 5. He listened to her ex-
tickets for the first night? the first night by booking them
cuse for being late and didn't believe any word.
(to book in advance) in advance.
232 233
 VIII. Change the sentences using the gerund as an adverbial modi- Teacher Student
fier of condition. Expand them. Though they came to the theatre In spite of coming to the theatre
Teacher Student at the very last moment they ma- at the very last moment they
naged to pick two tickets at the managed to pick two tickets at
One can't be a good actor One can't be a good actor with-
entrance. the entrance.
if he doesn't get over stage- out getting over stagefright. A
fright. real actor must be self-possess- 1. Though the actress was very young, she produced a favourable
ed and unconscious of the impression on us. 2. Though the play was about young people, their
audience. work and life, it was a complete failure. The actors played without
feeling and nobody believed them. 3. Though we liked the music of the
1. The actor won't impress you if he doesn't perform his part realis-
opera we couldn't make out half the words and that took away from the
tically, true to life. 2. The young actor can't play the part of an old man
enjoyment a little. 4. Though they were on the stage for the first time
if he doesn't use make-up. 3. You'll never know who takes part in the
they tried not to depend on the prompter. 5. Though we left our opera-
performance if you don't buy a programme. 4. Sitting in the balcony
glasses at home we could see the stage very well.
you won't be able to see the stage well if you don't take your opera-
glasses. 5. The audience will never applaud if they don't like the acting. XII. A. Think back to your first visit to the theatre and say what
you remember (or don't remember) doing (seeing) there. Use the gerund
IX. In the following sentences observe the use of the gerund as an to refer the action to the past.
adverbial modifier of purpose. Think of your own examples.
1. I remember being invited to the theatre for the first time, but I
1. The story was changed for staging at the theatre. 2. The overture
don't remember going there. 2. I don't remember buying tickets but I
is played for introducing an opera. 3. She changed the range of her voice
remember eating the ice-cream I was so fond of.
from high to low for making it dramatic and full of feeling. 4. The inter-
val is made for refreshing oneself after each act. 5. The actor used his Go on giving sentences.
jokes for entertaining the spectators. 6. He included folk songs into his B. Your friend is going to the theatre for the first time. You are
operas for making them true to life. telling him how to listen to the opera. Use the Infinitive to refer the ac-
X. Complete the following remarks using the gerund as an adverbial tion to the future.
modifier of cause. 1. Remember to buy the programme to know the cast. 2. Don't
forget to read the libretto to know the brief contents. 3. Remember
Teacher Student not to discuss anything with your neighbour. You'll prevent others from
She repeated the words again She repeated the words again listening.
and again for fear ... (to for- and again for fear of forget. Keep on giving pieces of advice.
get them) ting them. It was her first per-
XIII. Complete the sentences using the Infinitive as an adverbial
formance and she worried a
modifier of purpose or the gerund as part of a compound verbal aspect
great deal. predicate according to the sense.
1. They were given a standing ovation for ... (to make a deep im- Student 1 Student 2
pression on the public) 2. The play was a great success owing to ... (he
played his part wonderfully) 3. She didn't feel like coming onto the stage She stopped at the billboard '" He stopped (to criticize) the
for fear of (to laugh at) 4. He caused a sensation for ... (to do well at the She stopped at the billboard to play only when it was over. He
rehearsal) 5. He succeeded in writing a very good script through ... (to see what was on. stopped criticizing the play only
change the story a lot of times) 6. She became a leading singer owing to when it was over .
... (she sang the part of Lisa in "The Queen of Spades" successfully). 1. She stopped near the box-office ... She stopped (to whisper) when
the curtain rose. 2. We stopped at the platform ... We stopped (to shake
XI. Paraphrase the sentences using the gerund as an adverbial modi- hands) when the train started. 3. They stopped near the miliciaman ...
fier of concession. They stopped (to discuss)the article when the bell for the last act rang.
234 235
4. They stopped at the wall in the foyer ..: They stopped (to applaud) XVI. Translate into English.
when the lights went out. 5. He stopped behind the wings '" He stopped
(to dance) when the orchestra stopped (to play). fI XOpOllO rroMHlOHall rroxo.n;B orrepHbIM:TeaTp, MbI cnYllaJlli orre-
py qaM:KOBCKOro"EBreHliM: OHerliH". Ilpe)K.n;e qeM li.n;TliB TeaTp, MbI
XIV. Respond to the statements using the Infinitive to refer the ac- eI.LJ;epa3 rrpOqliTaJlli pOMaH IlYllKliHa. MbI 3HaJlli, qTO He CMO)KeM
tion to a special occasion and the gerund to refer the action to a general HaCJla)K.n;aTbCH MY3bIKOM:,eCJlli He 6y.n;eM XOPOllO 3HaTb co.n;ep)KaHlie
statement. orrepbI. Orrepa HaqaJlaCb YBepTlOpOM:,KOTopaH liCrrOJIHHeTCH KaK BCTyrr-
Teacher Student JleHlie K MY3bIKaJlbHOMYrrpOli3Be.n;eHliID(for introducing the opera).
Kor.n;a liCrrOJlHHJlaCbapliH TaTbHHbI, MbI CJlYllaJlli, He rJlH.n;HHa cu;eHY.
Let's go to the theatre. A new Today I would prefer to stay at MbI 6bIJIli BOCXliI.LJ;eHbIrOJlOCOMrreBliU;bI, KOTopaH BbIpa)KaJla .n;paMa-
play is on. home. I like going to the theatre Tli3M repoliHli, MeHHH.n;liarra30H rOJloca (range of the voice) OT BbICO-
on Sunday. KliX HOT.n;OcaMbIX Hli3KliX (from high to low). HecMOTPHHa TO,qTO MbI
XOPOllO 3HaJlli 3TY apliID, MbI CJlYllaJlli, 3aTaliB .n;bIXaHlie,60HCb rrpo-
1. Let's listen to this piece of music now. 2. Let's go to a dance.
rryCTliTbXOTbO.n;HO CJlOBO.
3. Let's take tickets to the circus. 4. Let's swim across this river. 5. Let's
join them in their trip. 6. Let's climb that high mountain. XVII. Reconstruct the following situation into a dialogue.
XV. Give dialogues similar to the suggested ones. Nick and Mark are talking about their last visit to the cinema. Nick
Don't you know his new diggings? is very fond of going to the pictures. Mark prefers the theatre. Mark
Well, I remember him telling me it is somewhere near the London complains that the film has been a bore. Nick tries to persuade him that
Bridge. I'm afraid you'll have a job to find it. he ought to have enjoyed it, for it is the hit of the season.
* * * XVIII. Think of situations of your own using the suggested word
We are going to the theatre in a week or so. Would you care to join combinations:
us? 1) to get an extra ticket, to show one's ticket to the ticket-taker; to
With the greatest pleasure. Remember to let me know the exact take off one's things and to check them; to go to the foyer (an adverbial
day, will you? modifier of time, condition);
Certainly, as soon as we get the tickets. 2) to sit in the gallery, to dance.the main part, to burst into applause,
* * * to get curtain calls, to see nothing, not to take the opera-glasses (an ad-
You are so obstinate in your opinion and Tom is equally determined verbial modifier of attendant circumstances, cause);
in his. How about compromising by tossing up? 3) to be fond of music, to play the piano, to devote oneself to music,
Very well. to compose operas, to gain popularity (an adverbial modifier of manner,
Then I'll take a coin and spin it (throw it into the air). Heads - it's concession);
Nick (Nick wins), tails - it's Tom (Tom wins). 4) to be- a gifted actress, to be greatly impressed, to go behind the
* * * scenes, to ask for some signed photographs (an adverbial modifier of
purpose).
D'you mind my popping in without being invited?
Not at all. Do come in. You look depressed. Is anything the matter XIX. Make up a dialogue based on the picture using the following
with you.
patterns.
No, there's nothing wrong with me; I'm just a bit run down.
1. Some people prefer going to the cinema instead of spending long
* * * hours at the theatre. 2. Mr. Brown is fond of going to the theatre. Before
I had the good fortunate to see the famous prima ballerina Ulanova going there he tries to get tickets by booking them in advance. 3. For
as Odette in "Swan Lake" by Tchaikovsky. It's quite beyond me to fear of being late he sometimes takes a taxi. 4. In spite of being a great
describe her dancing. cinema-goer he likes the theatre too.
Everybody says she has achieved complete mastery of dancing. She
XX. Listen to the stories and reproduce them.
dances with perfect ease and supreme grace.
236 237 I
 for sea-bathing, then to the mountains for mountain air, and I must get
a lot of new, light dresses."
XXI. Memorize the following proverbs and give short situations of
your own.
1. By doing nothing we learn to do ill. Ilpa3)l;HocTh- MaTh Bcex
nopOKOB.
2. To cook a hare before catching him. )l(apHTh3aHu;anpe)K)l;e,qeM
OHnoHMaH.
3. You can't have omelettes without breaking eggs. HeJIh3R)l;06HTh-
CRqerO-HH6YAb, He 3aTpaQHBaR CHJIH Cpe)l;CTB.

Revision Exercises
I. Practise these sentences aloud and comment on the functions of
the gerund.
Two Englishmen were .on board a ship. They were going to New 1. There is no denying the fact that she is clever. 2. Pete has a habit
York. For two days they had sat side by side without exchanging a word. of drumming his fingers on the table when waiting for dinner to be
On the third day one of them fell asleep and his book fell on the deck served. 3. There is no denying the increasing popularity of TV. 4. It's no
with a thud. use talking about it now. 5. We insisted on their sharing the impression
It broke the ice. The other man picked up the book, and the follow- on the trip. 6. Listening to him is a real pleasure. 7. His intention is
ing dialogue took place: learning foreign languages. 8. On entering the hall she looked around and
"Thank you v~ry much. Going across? " saw a lot of familiar faces. 9. He said "No," without looking in my di·
"Yes." rection. 10. Without working hard you won't achieve good results.
"So am I." 11. Instead of listening to the teacher the pupil made up his mind to
* * * draw pictures. 12. He could improve his grammar by doing a lot of exer-
Work is a magic lamp. It will bring you anything on this earth that cises. 13. In spite of being a good student he was not admired by his
you desire. Instead of wishing for the things you want, it is only necessa- groupmates. 14. For fear of being scolded he continued to study the new
ry to work for them. vocabulary. 15. Cinema, theatres, music halls are used for entertaining
people. 16. She couldn't help looking at the stage. Her favourite balle-
* * * rina was dancing.
The teacher stood with his back to the fireplace on a winter morning. II. Paraphrase the following sentences using the gerund.
He decided to give good advice to the pupils before starting the lesson.
"Before you sp~k, think. Count fifty before saying anything impor- 1. Nobody can deny that a telephone is a useful thing. 2. We all
tant - a hundred, if it is very important." insisted that they should join us. The trip promised to be exciting.
The lips of his pupils were moving in unison, and suddenly they 3. When I saw him in the South I was very surprised. The doctors didn't
burst out in chorus, "Ninety-nine, one hundred! Your coat tails are on allow him to go there. 4. The joke was so funny that everybody laughed
fire, sir." and it was impossible to make them stop laughing. 5. After that hard
work had been completed we signed with relief. 6. She left us quite
* * * unexpectedly and had no time to say good-bye. 7. We denied that we
I know a story about a woman who only beHeved what she wanted had seen them. 8. Though he was busy he helped us when we were pack-
to believe. She went to a doctor because she wanted to believe that she ing things. 9. Before you begin the work be sure you know the instruc-
was not very well. The doctor said, "You must take cold baths, go out tions. 10. I didn't tell him about the sad news, I was afraid he would
in the fresh air and wear light ciothes." She went home and said to her be shockecl by it. 11. You mus~n't take part in the discussion if you are
husband, "The doctor says that I must go for a holiday to the seaside not ready. 12. Don't try to persuade him he is not right, it's no use be-
238 239
cause he is very stubborn. 13. We keep products in the refrigerator.
It is used for this purpose. 14. This summer I am going to the mountains.
This has been my dream for years.
III. Translate into English.
1. H 60HJlCH rrOWeBeJ!bHYTbCH, tlTo6bI He pa36y,nHTb pe6eHKa.
2. Ebmo 6ecrrOJIe3HO IIbITaTbCH BCTaBHTb XOTH 6bI CJIOBOB pa3roBop.
OH rOBOpHJI, He ,nenaH rraY3 H He naBaH HHKOMY rrepe6HTb ero. 3. He-
CMOTPH Ha IIJIOXYlO ,nopory, OHH rrpo,nomKaJIH Me,nJIeHHO ,nBHraTbCH
Brrepe,n. 4. Y Hero 6bmo TaKoe tlyaCTBO, tlTO OH tlerO-TO He c,nenaJI.
5. TbI rrOMHHWb, KaK MbI pa60TaJIH B KOJIX03e? BOT 6bmo BpeMH!
6. Pa3roBapHBaTb C HHM 6bmo O,ruIO y,nOBOJIbCTBHe.OH OtleHb HHTepec-
HbIH co6ece,ruIHK. 7. H C HereprreHHeM :>K,ny, Kor,na rrpH,ner MapHH.
Ha Hee BCH Ha,ne)K,na. 8. Ero Henb3H 6bmo He YBa:>KaTb.OH 6bm OtleHb
rropH,nOtIHbIM tlenOBeKOM. 9. llocJIe OKOHtlaHHH HHCTHTYTa,He 3ae3:>KaH
K p0)l;HTenHM, OH cpa3Y rroexaJI Ha MecTO pa6oTbI. 10. 3PHTeJIH Bblpa-
)KaJIH CBoe BOCXHI.I.J;eHHerpOMKHMH aIIJIo,nHCMeHTaMH. 11. OH HaCTaH-
BaJI Ha TOM, tlTo6bI eMY CeHtlac :>KerrOKa3aJIH Bce Heo6xo,nHMbIe ,nOKy-
MeHTbI. 12. qTO B HeM HaH60JIee rrpHBJIeKaTeJIbHO - 3TO YMeHHe JIa-
,nHTb C JIlO,nbMH. 13. TBOlO KOMHaTY Ha,no OKJIeHTb HOBbIMH 060HMH H
rrOKpaCHTb OKHa H rrOJI. Tor,na OHa 6y,ner BbIrJIH)l;eTb OtleHb MHJIO.
14. OHa YKopH3HeHHO rrOCMOTPena Ha MeHH H YWJIa, He CKa3aB HH
CJIOBa. HaBepHop-, o6H,nenacb. 15. Tpy,ruIo :>KHTbH pa60TaTb C JIlO,nbMH,
eCJIH He HMeeWb C HHMH 06I.I.J;HXHHTepecoB. 16. Y)K eCJIH OH HatlHHaJI
paCCKa3bIBaTb 0 CBOHX yqeHHKaX, OCTaHOBHTbero 6bmo HeB03MO)J(HO.
,UnH Hero OHHcaMbIe YMHbIe, caMbIe ,no6pbIe, caMbIe TaJIaHTJIHBbIe.

ranHHa TIeTpoBHa BorycnaBcKaJI

3HHaH,lJ,aAnToHoBHa HHKonaeBa
TaTbllHa ~llMOBHa ,lJ;eneHp;HKH p;p.
IIPAKTWlECKAH rPAMMATHKA AHrnHRcKoro H3bIKA
(2 KypC)
3aoep;yrorrum pep;aKQHeH B.H.H H Y W K 0 B. Pep;aKTOP n.,lJ;.K a C b II HOB a.
PHcynKH P.P.C e pre e B a. 06nmKKa H xyp;O)KeCTBeHHOe pep;aKTHpOBliHHe
A.r.3 B 0 Hap e B a. TexuH'lecKuH pep;aKTOP n.H.C q H C n e H 0 K. Onepa-
TOp H.C.O n H K C e B H q.
HB N22010
TIoP;l1Hcano K neqaTH 29.10.85. cI>opMaT 60 x 901/16. BYMara orjW(,Tli. OcPceT ne-
qarb. rapnHTypa Cenqyp". Yen. neq. n. 15. Yen. Kp.-OTT. 15,375. Yq.-H:m.n. 16,17.
3aK. 6615.THpa)K 3700 3K3. UeHll' 70 K.
M3p;aTenbCTBo "BbnII3HWall WKona" rOcyp;apCTBeHHpi'O KOMHTeTa BCCP no p;e-
naM H:maTeJJbCTB, nOJlHrpacPHH H KHH)KHOHToproBnH. 220048, MHHCK, npocneKT
. . MawepoBa, 1l.
THnorpacPHII "TIo6ep;a". 222310 Monop;equo, YJl.TaBnaJI, 11.
OTneqaTaHO C OpHrHHana-MaKeTa, nop;rOTOBneHHoro B H3p;aTenbCTBe "Bbuu3Hwall
WKOna"