Chronic Diseases
Department of Family and Community Medicine
ØDefine chronic diseases.
ØEnumerate types of chronic diseases
ØSummarize the predisposing factors for
chronic diseases.
Specific ILOs: ØExplain the impact of chronic diseases on
individuals, their families and society.
ØRecommend preventive measures for
chronic disease and disabilities.
ØChronic diseases are the leading
causes of death and disability
worldwide.
Chronic diseases ØDisease rates from these conditions
are accelerating globally, advancing
across every region and pervading all
socioeconomic classes (WHO,2010).
ØChronic diseases are defined broadly as
conditions that last 1 year or more and
Chronic diseases
Definition require ongoing medical attention or limit
activities of daily living or both (CDC,2018).
Types of chronic
diseases
ØStroke
ØAlzheimer disease and dementia
ØArthritis
ØAsthma
Øchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Examples of ØCrohn disease
chronic diseases ØCystic fibrosis
ØEpilepsy
ØMood disorders (bipolar, cyclothymia, and depression)
ØMultiple sclerosis
ØParkinson disease
The onset of chronic disease is linked
Chronic diseases to a number of behavioral and
Predisposing
biomedical risk factors that are largely
factors
preventable.
(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare,2016)
Behavioral risk factors include:
ØSmoking
ØPhysical inactivity
Chronic diseases
Predisposing ØPoor nutrition
factors
ØRisky alcohol consumption
ØIllicit drug use
Biomedical risk factors, which are often
influenced by behavioral risk factors,
include:
Chronic diseases ØOverweight
Predisposing
factors ØObesity
ØHigh blood pressure
ØHigh blood cholesterol
Chronic diseases
Predisposing
factors
The majority of chronic diseases hold
Impact of chronic the potential to worsen the overall
diseases on
individuals health of patients by:
ØLimiting their capacity to live well
ØLimiting functional status of ill individual
Impact of (particular elderly ). Daily living activity (self
chronic diseases care)
on individuals ØLimiting productivity
ØPsychological functioning, distress , anxiety
stress , lack of self esteem.
Impact of chronic The vast majority of ill individuals, family is
diseases on their first line of healthcare
families
ØPhysical effect
ØDaily routines may change because the
limitations of the ill member and the
Impact of chronic demands of treatment may require that
diseases on others be more available.
families ØDespite the demands of the illness, families
may need to work hard to maintain a sense
of "normal" life, for ill individual.
ØFamilies may need to share caregiving
responsibilities protects any single member
from caregiver fatigue.
ØPsychological distress
Impact of chronic ØFamily members of patients experience
diseases on emotions such as worry, frustration, and
families stress
ØSocial problems (if physical and mental
disabilities patient).
Chronic diseases result in a significant
economic burden because of the combined
effects of:
Impact of chronic ØHealth-care costs
diseases on
Øand lost productivity from illness and
society
death.
ØIn addition to, personal and community
costs.
Chronic diseases
Prevention
Public health aims to help reduce
people's risk factors by:
ØImproving healthy lifestyle
Chronic diseases ØPromoting physical activity
Prevention
ØImproving environments to make it
easier for people to make healthy
choices.
Improving environments to make it easier for people to
make healthy choices
ØPromoting health and supporting healthy behaviors in
community settings such as schools, child care
programs, and worksites.
Chronic diseases ØImproving the environment reach more people, are
more cost-effective, and are more likely than individual
Prevention approaches to have a lasting effect on population health.
ØPassing smoke free air laws that cover all workplaces,
and restaurants, to protect nonsmokers from exposure
to secondhand tobacco smoke.
ØBanning flavored cigarettes to make smoking less
attractive to youth.
ØBanning artificial trans fats from the food supply to reduce
the risk for heart disease.
ØFluoridating community water systems.
ØIncreasing prices for unhealthy products (e.g., tobacco,
alcohol, and high-calorie, low-nutrition foods and beverages)
to reflect the medical and societal costs of their use.
Chronic diseases
ØDesigning communities to encourage walking and biking.
Prevention
ØGiving children the chance to learn about physical activity
and be physically active in child care programs and schools.
ØIncreasing access to healthy foods and beverages (e.g., full-
service groceries and farmers’ markets, healthier menu
items in restaurants).
§ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK1_SH3
Chronic diseases X2ek
Risk & Prevention
Conclusion
Thank you
§ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. [PDF]. (2016).
https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/65964785-e0df-4305-ae03-
a9c4d1bbe2e4/ah16-factsheet-chronicdisease.pdf.aspx
§ American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy.(2018).Retrieved March
4, 2019, https://www.aamft.org/Consumer_Updates/Chronic_Illness.aspx
§ Golics, C. J., Basra, M. K. A., Salek, M. S., & Finlay, A. Y. (2013). The impact of
patients’ chronic disease on family quality of life: an experience from 26
specialties. International journal of general medicine, 6, 787.
§ World Health Organization. (2010, December). Retrieved March 4, 2019, from
https://www.who.int/chp/about/integrated_cd/en/
References § U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018, April). Retrieved March 4, 2019,
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000602.htm
§ Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, November). Retrieved March
4, 2019, from https://www.who.int/chp/about/integrated_cd/en/
§ Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, December). Retrieved March
4, 2019, https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/center/nccdphp/how.htm
§ American Public Health Association.(2019).Retrieved March 4, 2019,
https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues/chronic-disease
