Benha University Faculty of Engineering- Shoubra

Mech. Eng. Department 2 nd year Mechanical Power Eng.

Sheet No. 2 (Fluid Statics) Fluid Mechanics. A

Manometers

1. The water in a tank is pressurized by air, and the pressure is measured by a multi-fluid
manometer as shown in figure. Determine the gage pressure of air in the tank if h1= 0.2 m,
h2 = 0.3 m, and h3 = 0.46 m. Take the densities of water, oil, and mercury to be 1000 kg/m3,
850 kg/m3, and 13600 kg/m3, respectively.

2. When measuring small pressure differences with a manometer, often one arm of the
manometer is inclined to improve the accuracy of reading. (The pressure difference is still
proportional to the vertical distance and not the actual length of the fluid along the tube.)
The air pressure in a circular duct is to be measured using a manometer whose open arm is
inclined 35° from the horizontal, as shown in figure. The density of the liquid in the
manometer is 0.81 kg/L, and the vertical distance between the fluid levels in the two arms of
the manometer is 8 cm. Determine the gage pressure of air in the duct and the length of the
fluid column in the inclined arm above the fluid level in the vertical arm.
 3. The cylindrical tank with hemispherical ends shown in the figure contains a volatile liquid
with it vapour filling the top of the tank (the top of the tank is closed to the atmosphere). The
liquid has a density of 800 kg/m3 . Atmospheric pressure can be taken as 101 kPa .
Determine the reading on the Bordon gauge on the left of the Cylinder if the height of the
mercury column (SG = 13.6 ) is 0.084 m . What is the gas pressure in the top hemisphere of
the chamber (specify whether it is absolute or gauge)?

Hydrostatic forces on immersed surfaces

4. An open tank has a vertical partition and on one side contains gasoline with a density 700
kg/m3 at a depth of 4 m, as shown in figure. A rectangular gate that is 4 m high and 2 m
wide and hinged at one end is located in the partition. Water is slowly added to the empty
side of the tank. At what depth, h, will the gate start to open?

5. There is an opening in a container as shown in figure. This opening is closed by a plate AB

of width 5 m. Find the force that is applied at point B to maintain the gate closed.
6. A retaining wall against a mud slide is to be constructed by placing 0.8 m high and 0.2 m
wide rectangular concrete blocks (ρ = 2700 kg/m3) side by side, as shown in the following
figure. The friction coefficient between the ground and the concrete blocks is f = 0.3, and the
density of the mud is about 1800 kg/m3. There is concern that the concrete blocks may slide
or tip over the lower left edge as the mud level rises. Determine the mud height at which (a)
the blocks will overcome friction and start sliding and (b) the blocks will tip over.

7. The quarter cylinder AB shown in the figure is 3 m long. Calculate magnitude and direction
of the resultant force of the water on AB.

8. A 4-m-long curved gate is located in the side of a reservoir containing water as shown in
Fig. 4. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of the force of
the water on the gate. Will this force pass through point A? Explain.
Fluid motion as a single body

9. In the shown fig. use ax = 12 m/s2 find the static pressure at points a, b, and c. W=1.8 m

0.4

ax
1.0
Water

c
b
1.5

10. An open rectangular tank 6 m long and 2.4 wide is filled with water to a depth of 1.8 m, find
the slope of water surface when the tank moves with an acceleration of 2.5 m/s2: (i) up a 30
inclined plane (ii) Down a 30 inclined plane.

11. An open cubic container with 1m sides is half full with water. It is placed on an inclined
plane making 30o with the horizontal. The empty bore weights 400 N and coefficient of
friction between the box and the surface of plane is 0.2, determine the acceleration of the
box and the angle between the free surface and horizontal.

12. A closed oil tanker 3.5 m long , 1.8 wide and 2 deep contains 1.6 m depth of oil of specific
gravity 0.8 calculate the acceleration which may be imparted to the tank in the direction of
its length so that bottom front end of the tank is just exposed.

13. Find the maximum speed of an open circular cylinder, having 180 mm diameter, 1200 mm
length and containing water up to height of 960 mm, at which it should be rotated about its
vertical axis so that no water spills.

14. A vessel, cylindrical in shape and closed at the top and bottom is 0.24m in diameter, 1.44m
long and contains water up to a height of 0.96m. If it is rotated at 700 r.p.m what is area
uncovered at the bottom of the tank?
Buoyancy and floatation

15. A solid cylinder 2 m in diameter and 2 m high is floating in water with its axis vertical. If
the specific gravity of the material of cylinder is 0.65 find its metacentric height. State also
whether the equilibrium is stable or unstable.

16. A rectangular pontoon 12 m long, 9 m wide and 3 m deep weighs 1380 kN and float in sea
water. The pontoon carries on its upper deck a boiler 6 m diameter and weighing 864 kN.
The centre of gravity of each unit coincides with geometrical centre of the arrangement and
lie in the same vertical line.
What is the metacentric height?
Is the arrangement stable? Take specific weight of sea water = 10 kN/m3.