KSR Akshara Academy

PROBABILITY
Class 12 - Mathematics
Time Allowed: 1 hour Maximum Marks: 292

1. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Let f(x) be a real-valued function, then its
f(a−h)−f(a)
Left Hand Derivative (L.H.D.): Lf'(a) = lim −h
h→0

f(a+h)−f(a)
Right Hand Derivative (R.H.D.): Rf'(a) = lim
h
h→0

Also, a function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x = a if it's L.H.D. and R.H.D. at x = a exist and are equal.
|x − 3|, x ≥ 1
For the function f(x) = { x
2
3x 13
,x<1
− +
4 2 4

i. What is R.H.D. of f(x) at x =1? (1)

ii. What is L.H.D. of f(x) at x = 1? (1)
iii. At which point f(x) is non-differentiable? (2)
OR
What is the value of f'(-1)? (2)
2. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Mansi started to read the notes on the topic 'differentiability' which she has prepared in the class of mathematics.
She wanted to solve the questions based on this topic, which teacher gave as home work. She has written
following matter in her notes:
Let f(x) be a real valued function, then its Left Hand Derivative (LHD) is:
f(a−h)−f(a)
′
Lf (a) = lim h→0
−h

Right Hand Derivative (RHD) is:

f(a+h)−f(a)
′
Rf (a) = lim
h
h→0

Also, a function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x = a if its LHD and RHD at x = a exist and are equal.
|x − 3|, x ≥ 1
For the function, f(x) = {
x
2
3x 13
− + , x < 1
4 2 4

i. Find the value f'(-1). (1)

ii. Find the value of f'(2). (1)
iii. Check the differentiability of function at x = 1. (2)
OR
Check the differentiability of the given function at x = 1. (2)
3. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
dy
Derivative of y = f(x) w.r.t. x (if exists) is denoted by dx
or f'(x) and is called the first-order derivative of y. If
2
dy dy d y
we take the derivative of again, then we get d
( ) =
2
or f"(x) and is called the second-order
dx dx dx dx
2 3
d y d y
derivative of y. Similarly, d

dx
(
dx
2
) is denoted and defined as dx
3
or f'"(x) and is known as the third-order
derivative of y and so on.

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 2 2
log(e/x )

i. If y = tan-1( + tan-1(
3+2 log x d y

2
)
1−6 log x
) ,then find the value of 2
. (1)
log(ex ) dx

ii. If u = x2 + y2 and x = s + 3t, y = 2s - t, then find the value of

2
d u

2
. (1)
ds

iii. If f(x) = 2 log sin x, then find f'(x). (2)

OR

If f(x) = exsinx, then find f"(x). (2)

4. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A potter made a mud vessel, where the shape of the pot is based on f(x) = |x - 3| + |x - 2|, where f(x) represents
the height of the pot.

i. What is the height in terms of x when x > 4? (1)

ii. Will the slope vary with x value? (1)
dy
iii. What is dx
at x = 3? (2)
OR
Will the potter be able to make a pot using the function f(x) = [x]? Why or why not? (2)
5. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]

Logarithmic differentiation is a powerful technique to differentiate functions of the form f(x) = [u(x)]v(x)], where
both u(x) and v(x) are differentiable functions and f and u need to be positive functions.
Let function y = f(x) = (u(x))v(x), then y’ = y [
v(x)
′ ′
u (x) + v (x) ⋅ log[u(x)]]
u(x)

x
dy
i. If x = e , then find
y

dx
. (1)
ii. If y = (2 - x)3(3 + 2x)5, then find
dy

dx
. (1)
iii. If y = xx e(2x+5), then find
dy

dx
. (2)
OR

Differentiate xx w.r.t. x (2)

6. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Let f(x) be a real valued function. Then its
f(a−h)−f(a)
Left Hand Derivative (L.H.D.): Lf'(a) = lim
h→0 − h
f(a+h)−f(a)
Right Hand Derivative (R.H.D.): Rf'(a) = lim
h→0 h

Also, a function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x = a if its L.H.D. and R.H.D. at x = a exist and both are equal.
x − 3|, x ≥
| 1

For the function f(x) = { x

2
x
3
x<
13
− + , 1
4 2 4

i. What is R.H.D. of f(x) at x = 1? (1)

ii. What is L.H.D. of f(x) at x = 1? (1)
iii. Check if the function f(x) is differentiable at x = 1. (2)
OR

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 Find f'(2) and f'(-1). (2)
7. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
If a relation between x and y is such that y cannot be expressed in terms of x, then y is called implicit function of
x.
Assume a function, y = 6x2 - 11ey
This function can be rewritten as
y + 11ey = 6x2
But it is not possible to completely separate and represent it as a function of y. This type of function is known as
an implicit function.
To differentiate an implicit function, we consider y as a function of x and then we use the chain rule to
differentiate any term consisting of y.
Now to differentiate the above function, we differentiate directly w.r.t. x the entire function. This step basically
indicates the use of chain rule.
y 2
dy d(11e ) d(6x )
i.e., dx
+
dx
=
dx
dy dy
⇒
dx
+ 11e
y

dx
= 12x
dy
⇒
dx
(1 + 11e )
y
= 12x
dy 12x
⇒ =
y
dx (1+11e )

i. If x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3 = 81, then find

dy
. (1)
dx

ii. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y = x2 + 6y2 + xy. (1)
if sin2y + cos xy = K. (2)
dy
iii. Find dx
at x = 1, y = π

OR
If y = (√−
dy
x ) , then find . (2)
y

dx

8. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The function f(x) will be discontinuous at x = a if f(x) has
Discontinuity of first kind : lim f(a − h) and lim f(a + h) both exist but are not equal. If is also known as
h→0 h→0

irremovable discontinuity.
Discontinuity of second kind : If none of the limits lim f(a − h) and lim f(a + h) exist.
h→0 h→0

Removable discontinuity: lim f(a − h) and lim f(a + h) both exist and equal but not equal to f(a).
h→0 h→0

for x ≠
x −9
, 3
i. What can you tell me about the behavior of the function f(x) = { x−3
, at x = 3 irremovable
4, for x = 3

or removable discontinuity? (1)

x + 2, if x ≤ 4
ii. What can you tell me about the behavior of the function f(x) = { at x = 4 irremovable or
x + 4, if x > 4

removable discontinuity? (1)

2

for x ≠
x −4
, 2
iii. What can you tell me about the behavior of the function f(x) = { x−2
, at x = 2 irremovable or
5, for x = 2

removable discontinuity? (2)

OR
x−|x|
, x ≠ 0
What can you tell me about the behavior of the function f(x) = { x
, at x = 0 irremovable or
2, x = 0

removable discontinuity? (2)

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 9. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
In order to set up a rain water harvesting system, a tank to collect rain water is to be dug. The tank should have a
square base and a capacity of 250 m3. The cost of land is ₹ 5,000 per square metre and cost of digging increases

with depth and for the whole tank, it is ₹ 40,000 h2, where h is the depth of the tank in metres. x is the side of the
square base of the tank in metres.
ELEMENTS OF A TYPICAL RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

i. Find the total cost C of digging the tank in terms of x. (1)

dC
ii. Find . (1)
dx
iii. Find the value of x for which cost C is minimum. (2)
OR
Check whether the cost function C(x) expressed in terms of x is increasing or not, where x > 0. (2)
10. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A gardener wants to construct a rectangular bed of garden in a circular patch of land. He takes the maximum
perimeter of the rectangular region as possible. (Refer to the images given below for calculations)

i. Find the perimeter of rectangle in terms of any one side and radius of circle. (1)
ii. Find critical points to maximize the perimeter of rectangle? (1)
iii. Check for maximum or minimum value of perimeter at critical point. (2)
OR
If a rectangle of the maximum perimeter which can be inscribed in a circle of radius 10 cm is square, then the
perimeter of region. (2)
11. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Mrs. Maya is the owner of a high-rise residential society having 50 apartments. When he set rent at
₹10000/month, all apartments are rented. If he increases rent by ₹250/ month, one fewer apartment is rented.

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 The maintenance cost for each occupied unit is ₹500/month.

i. If P is the rent price per apartment and N is the number of rented apartments, then find the profit. (1)
ii. If x represents the number of apartments which are not rented, then express profit as a function of x. (1)
iii. Find the number of apartments which are not rented so that profit is maximum. (2)
OR
Verify that profit is maximum at critical value of x by second derivative test. (2)
12. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Ankit wants to construct a rectangular tank for his house that can hold 80 ft3 of water. He wants to construct on
one corner of terrace so that sufficient space is left after construction of tank. For that he has to keep width of
tank constant 5ft, but the length and heights are variables. The top of the tank is open. Building the tank cost ₹20
per sq. foot for the base and ₹10 per sq. foot for the side.

i. Express cost of tank as a function of height(h). (1)

ii. Verify by second derivative test that cost is minimum at critical point. (1)
iii. Find the value of h at which c(h) is minimum. (2)
OR
Find the minimum cost of tank? (2)
13. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A tin can manufacturer designs a cylindrical tin can for a company making sanitizer and disinfectors. The tin can
is made to hold 3 litres of sanitizer or disinfector. The cost of material used to manufacture the tin can is
₹100/m2.

i. If r cm be the radius and h cm be the height of the cylindrical tin can, then express the surface area as a
function of radius (r)? (1)
ii. Find the radius of the can that will minimize the cost of tin used for making can? (1)

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 iii. Find the height that will minimize the cost of tin used for making can? (2)
OR
Find the minimum cost of material used to manufacture the tin can. (2)
14. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
In an elliptical sport field, the authority wants to design a rectangular soccer field with the maximum possible
2
2
y
area. The sport field is given by the graph of x

2
+
2
=I
a b

i. If the length and the breadth of the rectangular field be 2x and 2y respectively, then find the area function in
terms of x. (1)
ii. Find the critical point of the function. (1)
iii. Use First Derivative Test to find the lenght 2x and width 2y of the soccer field (in terms of a and b) that
maximize its area. (2)
OR
iv. Use Second Derivative Test to find the length 2x and width 2y of the soccer field (in terms of a and b) that
maximize its area. (2)
15. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The relation between the height of the plant (y in cm) with respect to exposure to sunlight is governed by the
following equation y = 4x - x2 where x is the number of days exposed to sunlight.
1

i. Find the rate of growth of the plant with respect to sunlight. (1)
ii. What is the number of days it will take for the plant to grow to the maximum height? (1)
iii. Verify that height of the plant is maximum after four days by second derivative test and find the maximum
height of plant. (2)
OR
What will be the height of the plant after 2 days? (2)
16. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]

An Apache helicopter of the enemy is flying along the curve given by y = x2 + 7. A soldier, placed at (3, 7) want

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 to shoot down the helicopter when it is nearest to him.

i. If P (x1, y1) be the position of a helicopter on curve y = x2 + 7, then find distance D from P to soldier place at

(3, 7). (1)

ii. Find the critical point such that distance is minimum. (1)
iii. Verify by second derivative test that distance is minimum at (1, 8). (2)
OR
Find the minimum distance between soldier and helicopter? (2)
17. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The Government declare that farmers can get ₹300 per quintal for their onions on 1st July and after that, the
price will be dropped by ₹3 per quintal per extra day. Govind's father has 80 quintals of onions in the field on 1st
July and he estimates that the crop is increasing at the rate of 1 quintal per day.

i. If x is the number of days after 1st July, then express price and quantity of onion and the revenue as a
function of x. (1)
ii. Find the number of days after 1st July, when Govind's father attains maximum revenue. (1)
iii. On which day should Govind's father harvest the onions to maximize his revenue? (2)
OR
Find the maximum revenue collected by Govind's father. (2)
18. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The temperature of a person during an intestinal illness is given by f(x) = -0.1x2 + mx + 98.6, 0 ≤ x < 12, m

being a constant, where f(x) is the temperature in oF at x days.

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 i. Is the function differentiable in the interval (0, 12)? Justify your answer. (1)
ii. If 6 is the critical point of the function, then find the value of the constant m. (1)
iii. Find the intervals in which the function is strictly increasing/strictly decreasing. (2)
OR
Find the points of local maximum/local minimum, if any, in the interval (0, 12) as well as the points of
absolute maximum/absolute minimum in the interval [0, 12]. Also, find the corresponding local minimum
and the absolute maximum/absolute minimum values of the function. (2)
19. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
In a street two lamp posts are 600 feet apart. The light intensity at a distance d from the first (stronger) lamp post
is , the light intensity at distance d from the second (weaker) lamp post is (in both cases the light
1000 125

2 2
d d

intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the light source). The combined light intensity
is the sum of the two light intensities coming from both lamp posts.

i. If l(x) denotes the combined light intensity, then find the value of x so that I(x) is minimum. (1)
ii. Find the darkest spot between the two lights. (1)
iii. If you are in between the lamp posts, at distance x feet from the stronger light, then write the combined light
intensity coming from both lamp posts as function of x. (2)
OR
Find the minimum combined light intensity? (2)
20. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
On the request of villagers, a construction agency designs a tank with the help of an architect. Tank consists of a
rectangular base with rectangular sides, open at the top so that its depth is 2 m and volume is 8 m3 as shown
below. The construction of the tank costs ₹70 per sq. metre for the base and ₹45 per square metre for sides.

i. Express making cost C in terms of length of rectangle base. (1)

ii. If x and y represent the length and breadth of its rectangular base, then find the relation between the
variables. (1)
iii. Find the value of x so that the cost of construction is minimum. (2)
OR
Verify by second derivative test that cost is minimum at a critical point. (2)
21. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Naina is creative she wants to prepare a sweet box for Diwali at home. She took a square piece of cardboard of
side 18 cm which is to be made into an open box, by cutting a square from each corner and folding up the flaps

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 to form the box. She wants to cover the top of the box with some decorative paper. Naina is interested in
maximizing the volume of the box.

i. Find the volume of the open box formed by folding up the cutting each corner with x cm. (1)
ii. Naina is interested in maximizing the volume of the box. So, what should be the side of the square to be cut
off so that the volume of the box is maximum? (1)
iii. Verify that volume of the box is maximum at x = 3 cm by second derivative test? (2)
OR
Find the maximum volume of the box. (2)
22. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A tank, as shown in the figure below, formed using a combination of a cylinder and a cone, offers better drainage
as compared to a flat bottomed tank.

A tap is connected to such a tank whose conical part is full of water. Water is dripping out from a tap at the
bottom at the uniform rate of 2 cm3/s. The semi-vertical angle of the conical tank is 45o.
i. Find the volume of water in the tank in terms of its radius r. (1)
–
ii. Find rate of change of radius at an instant when r = 2√2 cm. (1)
–
iii. Find the rate at which the wet surface of the conical tank is decreasing at an instant when radius r = 2√2 cm.
(2)
OR
Find the rate of change of height h at an instant when slant height is 4 cm. (2)
23. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
x ′
∫ e [f(x) + f (x)] dx

== x
∫ e f(x)dx + ∫ e f (x)dx
x ′

Using integration by parts

= f(x) ∫ e x ′ x
dx − ∫ f (x) e dx + ∫ f (x) e
′ x
dx
= f(x) ex - ∫ f ′ x
(x) e dx + ∫ f (x) e
′ x
dx
= ex f(x) + C
i. Find ∫ e (sin x + cos x) dx. (1)
x

ii. Find ∫ e . (1)

x x−1
( ) dx
2
x

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 iii. Find ∫ e (1 + x) dx. (2)
x

OR
π

Find ∫ e
x
(tan x + sec2 x) dx. (2)
0

24. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Study the case given below:

Odd function Even Function

↓ ↓

f(x) = -f(x) g(-x) = g(x)

↓ ↓

a a a

∫ f(x)dx = 0 ∫ g(x)dx = 2 ∫ g(x)dx = 0

−a −a 0

i. Find: ∫ x
99
dx . (1)
(−1)

ii. Find ∫ x cos x dx. (1)

−π
π

iii. Find ∫ sin3 x dx. (2)

π
−
2

OR
π

Find ∫ tan x sec2 x dx. (2)

−π

25. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Rajni and Priyanka practice the problems based on integrals. They will try to evaluate the integrals based upon
′
f (x)
∫ dx = log |f(x)| + c.
f(x)

Rajni first explains the steps to solve this type of integrals.

′
f (x)
Step 1: Obtain the integral, let it be I = ∫ f(x)
dx
Step 2: Put f(x) = t and replace f'(x)dx by dt to obtain I = ∫ 1

t
dt
Step 3: Evaluate integral obtained in step II to obtain I = log |t| + c
Step 4: Replace t by f(x) step III to get I = log |f(x)| + c
i. Evaluate: ∫ dx. (1)
2x+5

2
x +5x−7

ii. Evaluate: ∫ 1
dx . (1)
x(3+log x)

iii. Evaluate: ∫ dx. (2)

1
−x
1+e

OR
x −x

Evaluate: ∫ dx. (2)

e −e

x −x
e +e

26. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
p(x) P (x)
Let's say that we want to evaluate ∫ [ Q(x)
] dx, where Q(x)
is a proper rational fraction. In such cases, it is
possible to write the integrand as a sum of simpler rational functions by using partial fraction decomposition.
Post this, integration can be carried out easily. The following image indicates some simple partial fractions
which can be associated with various rational functions:

S. No. Form of the rational function Form of the partial fraction

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 px+q
1. ,a ≠ b
A

x−a
+
B

x−b
(x−a)(x−b)

px+q A B
2. 2 x−a
+
2
(x−a) (x−a)

2
px +qx+r
3. A B C
+ +
x−a x−b x−c
(x−a)(x−b)(x−c)

2
px +qx+r A B C
4. 2 x−a
+
2
+
x−b
(x−a ) (x−b) (x−a)

2
px +qx+r Bx+C
5.
A
+
2 x−a 2
(x−a)(x +bx+c) x +bx+c

where, x2 + bx + c cannot be factorised further

In the above table, A, B and C are real numbers to be determined suitably.

(20x+35)
i. Write the partial fraction decomposition of the expression: 2
. (1)
(x−4)

ii. Write the partial fraction decomposition of the expression: . (1)

1

(x+1)(x+2)

iii. Evaluate: ∫ e
dx
x
−1
(2)
OR
Evaluate: ∫ 1

2
dx (2)
x −9

27. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The given integral ∫ f(x) dx can be transformed into another form by changing the independent variable x to t
by substituting x = g(t)
Consider I = ∫ f(x)dx

Put x = g(t) so that dx ′

= g (t)
dt

We write dx = g'(t) dt
Thus I = ∫ f(x)dx = ∫ f(g(t)) g (t)dt
′

This change of variable formula is one of the important tools available to us in the name of integration by
substitution.
For example: ∫ 2x sin(x 2
+ 1)dx

Put x2 + 1 = t
2x dx = dt
Thus,
∫ sin(t) dt = - cos(t) + C
= - cos(x2 + 1) + C
−1
sin( tan x)
i. Find ∫ 2
dx is equal to: (1)
1+x

ii. Find ∫ tan x dx is equal to: (1)

iii. Find ∫ dx. (2)
2x

2
1+x

OR
Find ∫ dx is equal to: (2)
1

x+x log x

28. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]

Consider the curve x2 + y2 = 16 and line y = x in the first quadrant.

i. Find the point of intersection of both the given curves. (1)
2√2

ii. Evaluate ∫ xdx. (1)

0

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 4
−−−−− −
iii. Find the value of the integral ∫ √16 − x2 dx . (2)
2√2

OR
Find the area bounded by the two given curves. (2)
29. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Siya loves to eat pizza. On her birthday, she invites her friends for pizza party in a famous pizza shop. She
decided to cut pizza as her birthday cake. Siya cuts the pizza with a knife. Pizza is a circular in shape which is

represented by x2 + y2 = 4 and the sharp edge of knife represents a straight line given by x = √3y
–

i. Find the point of intersection of line and pizza as shown in the given figure. (1)
ii. Write the expression for the area bounded by the circular pizza and the edge of the knife in the first quadrant.
(1)
iii. Find the value of the region bounded by the circular pizza and the edge of the knife in the first quadrant. (2)
OR
Find the area of the each slice of pizza when Siya cuts the pizza into 4 equal pieces. Also, find area of whole
pizza. (2)
30. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A child cut a pizza with a knife. Pizza is circular in shape which is represented by x2 + y2 = 4 and sharp edge of
–
knife represents a straight line given by x = √3y.

i. Find the point(s) of the intersection of the edge of a knife (line) and pizza shown in the figure. (1)
ii. Draw the smaller area bounded by pizza and edge of the knife in the first quadrant. (1)
iii. Find the value of area of the region bounded by circular pizza and edge of knife in first quadrant. (2)
OR
Area of each slice of pizza when child cut the pizza into 4 equal pieces. (2)
31. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
In a classroom, the teacher explains the properties of a particular curve by saying that this particular curve has
beautiful up and downs. It starts at 1 and heads down until π radian, and then heads up again and closely related

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 to sine function and both follow each other, exactly radians apart as shown in the figure.
π

1. Name the curve, about which teacher explained in the classroom. (1)
2. Find the area of curve explained in the passage from 0 to . (1)
π

3. Find the area of curve discussed in the classroom from to . (2)

π 3π

2 2

OR
Find the area of curve discussed in the classroom from to 2π. (2)
3π

32. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Three friends Asmit, Manish and Rohit living in a society. The location of their houses in the society forms a
triangular shape. The location of three houses of that society is represented by the points A(-1, 0), B(1, 3) and
C(3, 2) as shown in given figure.

i. Find the equation of line AB. (1)

ii. Find the equation of line BC. (1)
iii. Find the area of region ABCD. (2)
OR
1/2
−−−− −−−−−−
Evaluate: ∫ √1 − (x − 1)
2
(2)
0

33. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A differential equation is said to be in the variable separable form if it is expressible in the form f{x) dx = g(y)
dy. The solution of this equation is given by ∫ f(x)dx = ∫ g(y)dy + c, where c is the constant of integration.
dy
i. If the solution of the differential equation represents a circle, then find the value of 'a'. (1)
ax+3
=
dx 2y+f

ii. If y' = y + 1, y(0) = 1, then find y(In 2). (1)

= ex - y + x2 e-y. (2)
dy
iii. Find the solution of the differential equation dx

OR
dy
If dx
= y sin 2x, y(0) = 1, then find its solution. (2)
34. Compound interest is the addition of interest to the principal sum of a loan or deposit, or in other words, [4]
interest on interest. It is the result of reinvesting interest, rather than paying it out, so that interest in the next
period is then earned on the principal sum plus previously accumulated interest.

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 It is known that, if the interest is compounded continuously, the principal changes at the rate equal to the product
of the rate of bank interest per annum and the principal.
i. If the interest is compounded continuously at 5% per annum, in how many years will Ps.100 double itself?
ii. At what interest rate will ? 100 double itself in 10 years? (loge 2 = 0.6931).
35. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
dy
If the equation is of the form dx
+ Py = Q, where P, Q are functions of x, then the solution of the differential
equation is given by ye ∫ P dx
= ∫ Qe
∫ P dx
dx + c, where e ∫ P dx
is called the integrating factor (I.F.).

i. Find the Integrating factor of the differential equation (1 - x2)

dy
- xy = 1. (1)
dx

+ y = e-x, y(0) = 0. (1)

dy
ii. Find the solution of
dx
dy
iii. Find the General solution of + ytan x = sec x (2)
dx

OR
dy
Find the integrating factor of differential equation - 3y = sin 2x. (2)
dx

36. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Rajni note down the following about homogeneous differential equations in her note book, in math. emetics
class.
If the equation is of form
dy f(x,y)
=
dx g(x,y)

dy y
or = f(
x
)
dx

where f(x, y), g(x, y) are homogeneous functions of the same degree in x and y, then put y = vx and
dy
= v+ x
dv
. So, that the dependent variable y changed to another variable v and then apply variable
dx dx

separable method.

i. What substitution is used to solve the homogeneous differential equation the form dx
= g(
x

y
) ? (1)
dy

ii. A differential equation of the form = G(x, y) where G(x, y) is a homogeneous function of degree zero.
dx

dy

What is the order of differential equation of the form dx

= g(
x

y
) ? (1)
dy

−
iii. Solve the differential equations: (x − √xy) dy = ydx (2)
OR
2
dy y y
iv. Solve the differential equations: 2 dx
=
x
+
2
(2)
x

37. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A thermometer reading 80°F is taken outside. Five minutes later the thermometer reads 60°F. After another 5
minutes the thermometer reads 50 °F. At any time t the thermometer reading be T°F and the outside temperature

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 be S °F.

i. Find the general solution of differential equation formed in given situation. (1)
ii. Find the value of constant of integration c in the solution of differential equation formed in given situation.
(1)
iii. If λ is a positive constant of proportionally, then what is the value of . (2)
dT

dt

OR
Find the value of T(5) and T(10). (2)
38. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Team P, Q, R went for playing a tug of war game. Teams P, Q, R have attached a rope to a metal ring and is
trying to pull the ring into their own areas (team areas when in the given figure below). Team P pulls with force
F1 = 4^i + 0^j KN

Team Q pull with force F2 = - 2^i + 4^j KN

Team R pulls with force F3 = - 3^i − 3^j KN

i. What is the magnitude of the teams combined force? (1)

ii. Find the magnitude of Team B. (1)
iii. Which team will win the game? (2)
OR
In what direction is the ring getting pulled? (2)
39. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Ram's house is situated at Gandhi Nagar at Point O, for going to school he first travels by bus in the east. Here at
Point A, a hospital is situated. From Hospital Ram takes an auto and goes 3 km in the north direction, here at

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 point B school is situated. Suresh's house is at 30o east, 6 km from point B.

i. Find the displacement between Ram's house and school. (1)

ii. How many km Ram travels to reach school? (1)
iii. What is the vector distance from school to Suresh's home? (2)
OR
What is the displacement from Ram's house to Suresh house? (2)
40. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Three slogans on chart papers are to be placed on a school bulletin board at the points A, B and C displaying A
(Hub of Learning), B (Creating a better world for tomorrow) and C (Education comes first). The coordinates of
these points are (1, 4, 2), (3, -3, -2) and (-2, 2, 6) respectively.

i. Let a⃗, b ⃗ and c ⃗ be the position vectors of points A, B and C respectively, then find a⃗ + b ⃗ + c ⃗ . (1)
ii. What is the Area of △ABC. (1)
iii. Suppose, if the given slogans are to be placed on a straight line, then find the value of
⃗ ⃗
|a⃗ × b + b × c ⃗ + c ⃗ × a⃗| . (2)
OR
If a⃗ = 2^i + 3^j + 6k
^
, then find the unit vector in the direction of vector a⃗ . (2)
41. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
If two vectors are represented by the two sides of a triangle taken in order, then their sum is represented by the
third side of the triangle taken in opposite order and this is known as triangle law of vector addition.
i. If p ,⃗ q ,⃗ r ⃗ are the vectors represented by the sides of a triangle taken in order, then find q ⃗ + r .⃗ (1)
−
−→ −
−→
ii. If ABCD is a parallelogram and AC and BD are its diagonals, then find the value of AC + BD . (1)
−
−→ −
−→ −
−→ −
−→
iii. If ABCD is a parallelogram, where AB = 2a⃗ and BC = 2b,⃗ then find the value of AC − BD . (2)
OR
→ →
If T is the mid point of side YZ of △XYZ, then what is the value of XY + XZ . (2)

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42. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A building is to be constructed in the form of a triangular pyramid, ABCD as shown in the figure.

Let its angular points are A(0, 1, 2), B(3, 0, 1), C(4, 3, 6) and D(2, 3, 2) and G be the point of intersection of the
medians of △BCD.
i. Find the coordinates of point G (1)
→
ii. Find the length of vector AG . (1)
iii. Find the area of △ABC (in sq. units). (2)
OR
Find the length of the perpendicular from the vertex D on the opposite face. (2)
43. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Once Ramesh was going to his native place at a village near Agra. From Delhi and Agra he went by flight, In the
way, there was a river. Ramesh reached the river by taxi. Then Ramesh used a boat for crossing the river. The
boat heads directly across the river 40 m wide at 4 m/s. The current was flowing downstream at 3 m/s.

i. What is the resultant velocity of the boat? (1)

ii. How much time does it take the boat to cross the river? (1)
iii. How far downstream is the boat when it reaches the other side? (2)
OR
If speeds of boat and current were 1.5 m/s and 2.0 m/s then what will be resultant velocity? (2)
44. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Girish left from his village on weekend. First, he travelled up to temple. After this, he left for the zoo. After this

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 he left for shopping in a mall. The positions of Girish at different places is given in the following graph.

i. Find position vector of B (1)

ii. Find position vector of D (1)
→
iii. Find the vector BC in terms of ^i , ^j . (2)
OR
→
iv. Find the length of vector AD. (2)
45. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A barge is pulled into harbour by two tug boats as shown in the figure.

i. Find position vector of A.(1)

ii. Find position vector of B. (1)
→
iii. Find the vector AC in terms of ^i , ^j . (2)
OR
If A⃗ = ^ ^
4 i + 3j and B⃗ = ^ ^
3 i + 4j , then find |A|⃗ + |B⃗ | (2)
46. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Sonu left from his village on weekend. First, he travelled d1 displacement up to a temple. After this, he left for

the zoo and travelled d2 displacement. After this he left for shopping in a mall - Total driving time of Deepal
from village to Mall was 1.5 hr.

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 If d1 = (6, 8) d2 = (3, 4) and d3 = (7, 12) km

i. What is the total displacement from village to Mall? (1)

ii. What is the speed of Sonu from Village to Mall? (1)
iii. What is the Displacement from Village to Zoo? (2)
OR
What is the displacement from temple to Mall? (2)
47. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Three friends Ganesh, Dinesh and Ramesh went for playing a Tug of war game. Team A, B, and C belong to
Ganesh, Dinesh and Ramesh respectively.
Teams A, B, C have attached a rope to a metal ring and is trying to pull the ring into their own area (team areas
shown below).
Team A pulls with F1 = 4^i + 0^j KN

Team B → F2 = -2^i + 4^j KN

Team C → F3 = -3^i - 3^j KN

i. Which team will win the game? (1)

ii. What is the magnitude of the teams combine Force? (1)
iii. What is the magnitude of the force of Team B? (2)
OR
How many KN Force is applied by Team A? (2)
48. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The slogans on chart papers are to be placed on a school bulletin board at the points A, B and C displaying A
(follow Rules), B (Respect your elders) and C (Be a good human). The coordinates of these points are (1, 4, 2),

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 (3, -3, -2) and (-2, 2, 6), respectively.

i. If a⃗ , b ⃗ and c ⃗ be the position vectors of points A, B, C, respectively, then find |a⃗ + b ⃗ + c |⃗ . (1)
ii. If a⃗ = ^ ^ ^
4 i + 6j + 12k , then find the unit vector in direction of a⃗ . (1)
iii. Find area of △ABC. (2)
OR
Write the triangle law of addition for △ABC. Suppose, if the given slogans are to be placed on a straight
line, then the value of |a⃗ × b ⃗ + b ⃗ × c ⃗ + c ⃗ × a⃗| . (2)
49. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A plane started from airport O with a velocity of 120 m/s towards east. Air is blowing at a velocity of 50 m/s
towards the north As shown in the figure.
The plane travelled 1 hr in OA direction with the resultant velocity. From A and B travelled 1 hr with keeping
velocity of 120 m/s and finally landed at B.

i. What is the resultant velocity from O to A? (1)

ii. What is the direction of travel of plane O to A with east? (1)
iii. What is the total displacement from O to A? (2)
OR
What is the resultant velocity from A to B? (2)
50. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Renu purchased an air plant holder which is in the shape of a tetrahedron.
Let A, B, C and D are the coordinates of the air plant holder where A ≡ (1, 1, 1), B ≡ (2, 1, 3), C ≡ (3, 2, 2)
and D ≡ (3, 3, 4).

→
i. Find the position vector of AB (1)

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 →
ii. Find the position vector of AD. (1)
iii. Find area of △ABC (2)
OR
→
Find the unit vector along AD (2)
51. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Two motorcycles A and B are running at the speed more than allowed speed on the road along the lines
^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = λ( i + 2j − k) and r ⃗ = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
3 i + 3j + μ(2 i + j + k) , respectively.

i. Find the cartesian equation of the line along which motorcycle A is running. (1)
ii. Find the direction cosines of line along which motorcycle A is running. (1)
iii. Find the direction ratios of line along which motorcycle B is running. (2)
OR
Find the shortest distance between the given lines. (2)
52. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Consider the following diagram, where the forces in the cable are given.

i. What is the cartesian equation of line along EA? (1)

→
ii. The vector ED is (1)
iii. The length of the cable EB is (2)
OR
What is the result of adding up all the vectors along the cables? (2)
53. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Consider the following diagram, where the forces in the cable are given.

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 i. What is the equation of the line along cable AD? (1)
ii. What is length of cable DC? (1)
iii. Find vector DB (2)
OR
What is sum of vectors along the cable? (2)
54. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
If a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2 are direction ratios of two lines say L1 and L2 respectively. Then L1 || L2 iff
a1 b1 c1

a2
=
b2
=
c2
and L1 ⊥ L2 iff a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0.

i. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point A(1, 2, 1) to the line joining B(1,
4, 6) and C(5, 4, 4). (1)
ii. Find the direction ratios of the line which is perpendicular to the lines with direction ratios proportional to (1,
-2, -2) and (0, 2, 1). (1)
3
y+
x−2 y+1 z−2 x−1 z+5
iii. What is the relation between lines and . (2)
2
= = = =
3
3 −2 0 1 2
2

OR
If l1, m1, n1 and l2, m2, n2 are direction cosines of L1 and L2 respectively, then what is the condition for L1
parallel to L2. (2)

55. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A motor cycle race was organized in a town, where the maximum speed limit was set by the organizers. No
participant are allowed to cross the specified speed limit, but Two motorcycles A and B are running at the speed
more than allowed speed on the road along the lines
^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = λ( i + 2j − k) and r ⃗ = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
3 i + 3j + μ(2 i + j + k) , respectively.

i. Find the Cartesian equation of the line along which motorcycle A is running. (1)
ii. Find the shortest distance between the lines. (1)

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 iii. If the direction cosines of a lines are , , , then find the value of k. (2)
k k k

3 3 3

OR
The point where the line joining the points (0, 5, 4) and (1, 3, 6) meets XY - plane. (2)
56. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates were asked to apply under one of the two
musical genres-folk or classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and above.
The following information is known about the 2000 application received:
i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.
ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.
iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.
Questions:
i. What is the probability that an application selected at random is for the 18 and above category provided it is
under the classical genre? Show your work. (1)
ii. An application selected at random is found to be under the below 18 category. Find the probability that it is
under the folk genre. Show your work. (1)
iii. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.6, then P(A ∪ B) is equal to. (2)
OR
iv. If A and B are two independent events with P(A) = 3

5
and P(B) = 4

9
, then find P(A' ∩ B'). (2)
57. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
To teach the application of probability a maths teacher arranged a surprise game for 5 of his students namely
Govind, Girish, Vinod, Abhishek and Ankit. He took a bowl containing tickets numbered 1 to 50 and told the
students go one by one and draw two tickets simultaneously from the bowl and replace it after noting the
numbers.

i. Teacher ask Govind, what is the probability that tickets are drawn by Abhishek, shows a prime number on
one ticket and a multiple of 4 on other ticket? (1)
ii. Teacher ask Girish, what is the probability that tickets drawn by Ankit, shows an even number on first ticket
and an odd number on second ticket? (1)
iii. Teacher asks Abhishek, what is the probability that tickets drawn by Vinod, shows a multiple of 4 on one
ticket and a multiple 5 on other ticket? (2)
OR
Teacher asks Vinod, what is the probability that both tickets drawn by Girish shows odd number? (2)
58. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
According to recent research, air turbulence has increased in various regions around the world due to climate
change. Turbulence makes flights bumpy and often delays the flights.
Assume that, an airplane observes severe turbulence, moderate turbulence or light turbulence with equal

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 probabilities. Further, the chance of an airplane reaching late to the destination are 55%, 37% and 17% due to
severe, moderate and light turbulence respectively.

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:

i. Find the probability that an airplane reached its destination late. (2)
ii. If the airplane reached its destination late, find the probability that it was due to moderate turbulence. (2)
59. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Akshat and his friend Aditya were playing the snake and ladder game. They had their own dice to play the game.
Akshat was having red dice whereas Aditya had black dice. In the beginning, they were using their own dice to
play the game. But then they decided to make it faster and started playing with two dice together.

Aditya rolled down both black and red die together.

First die is black and second is red.
i. Find the conditional probability of obtaining a sum greater than 9, given that the black die resulted in a 5. (1)
ii. Find the conditional probability of obtaining the sum 8, given that the red die resulted in a number less than
4. (1)
iii. Find the conditional probability of obtaining the sum 10, given that the black die resulted in even number. (2)
OR
Find the conditional probability of obtaining the doublet, given that the red die resulted in a number more
than 4. (2)
60. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Family photography is all about capturing groups of people that have family ties. These range from the small
group, such as parents and their children. New-born photography also falls under this umbrella. Mr Ramesh, His
wife Mrs Saroj, their daughter Sonu and son Ashish line up at random for a family photograph, as shown in
figure.

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 i. Find the probability that daughter is at one end, given that father and mother are in the middle. (1)
ii. Find the probability that mother is at right end, given that son and daughter are together. (1)
iii. Find the probability that father and mother are in the middle, given that son is at right end. (2)
OR
Find the probability that father and son are standing together, given that mother and daughter are standing
together. (2)
61. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Mr. Ajay is taking up subjects of mathematics, physics, and chemistry in the examination. His probabilities of
getting a grade A in these subjects are 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 respectively.

i. Find the probability that Ajay gets Grade A in all subjects. (1)
ii. Find the probability that he gets Grade A in no subjects. (1)
iii. Find the probability that he gets Grade A in two subjects. (2)
OR
Find the probability that he gets Grade A in at least one subject. (2)
62. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
There are two antiaircraft guns, named as A and B. The probabilities that the shell fired from them hits an
airplane are 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. Both of them fired one shell at an airplane at the same time.

i. How is Bayes' theorem different from conditional probability? (1)

ii. Write the rule of Total Probability. (1)
iii. What is the probability that the shell fired from exactly one of them hit the plane? (2)
OR
If it is know that the shell fired from exactly one of them hit the plane, then what is the probability that it was
fired from B? (2)
63. Recent studies suggest that roughly 12% of the world population is left handed. [4]

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 Depending upon the parents, the chances of having a left handed child are as follows:
A. When both father and mother are left handed:
Chances of left handed child is 24%.
B. When father is right handed and mother is left handed:
Chances of left handed child is 22%.
C. When father is left handed and mother is right handed:
Chances of left handed child is 17%.
D. When both father and mother are right handed:
Chances of left handed child is 9%.
Assuming that P(A) = P(B) = P(C) = P(D) = 1

4
and L denotes the event that child is left handed.
L
i. Find P ( ) . (1)
C
¯
L
ii. Find P ( ) . (1)
A
A
iii. Find P ( ) . (2)
L
OR
Find the probability that a randomly selected child is left handed given that exactly one of the parents is left
handed. (2)
64. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
There are two antiaircraft guns, named as A and B. The probabilities that the shell fired from them hits an
airplane are 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. Both of them fired one shell at an airplane at the same time.

i. What is the probability that the shell fired from exactly one of them hit the plane? (1)
ii. If it is known that the shell fired from exactly one of them hit the plane, then what is the probability that it
was fired from B? (1)
iii. What is the probability that the shell was fired from A? (2)
OR
How many hypotheses are possible before the trial, with the guns operating independently? Write the
conditions of these hypotheses. (2)
65. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Akash and Prakash appeared for first round of an interview for two vacancies. The probability of Nisha’s

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 selection is 1

3
and that of Ayushi’s selection is 1

2
.

i. Find the probability that both of them are selected. (1)

ii. The probability that none of them is selected. (1)
iii. Find the probability that only one of them is selected.(2)
OR
Find the probability that atleast one of them is selected. (2)
66. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Shama is studying in class XII. She wants do graduate in chemical engineering. Her main subjects are
mathematics, physics, and chemistry. In the examination, her probabilities of getting grade A in these subjects
are 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 respectively.

1. Find the probability that she gets grade A in all subjects. (1)
2. Find the probability that she gets grade A in no subjects. (1)
3. Find the probability that she gets grade A in two subjects. (2)
OR
Find the probability that she gets grade A in at least one subject. (2)
67. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A shopkeeper sells three types of flower seeds A1, A2, A3. They are sold in the form of a mixture, where the

proportions of these seeds are 4 : 4 : 2 respectively. The germination rates of the three types of seeds are 45%,
60% and 35% respectively.

Based on the above information:

i. Calculate the probability that a randomly chosen seed will germinate. (1)
ii. Calculate the probability that the seed is of type A2, given that a randomly chosen seed germinates. (1)

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 iii. A die is throw and a card is selected at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. Then find the probability of
getting an even number on the die and a spade card. (2)
OR
If A and B are any two events such that P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) = P(A), then find P(A|B). (2)
68. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
In pre-board examination of class XII, commerce stream with Economics and Mathematics of a particular
school, 50% of the students failed in Economics, 35% failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both Economics
and Mathematics. A student is selected at random from the class.

i. Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Economics, if it is known that he has failed in
Mathematics? (1)
ii. Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in
Economics? (1)
iii. Find the probability that the selected student has passed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in
Economics? (2)
OR
Find the probability that the selected student has passed in Economics, if it is known that he has failed in
Mathematics? (2)
69. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
In an office three employees Govind, Priyanka and Tahseen process incoming copies of a certain form. Govind
process 50% of the forms, Priyanka processes 20% and Tahseen the remaining 30% of the forms. Govind has an
error rate of 0.06, Priyanka has an error rate of 0.04 and Tahseen has an error rate of 0.03.

i. The manager of the company wants to do a quality check. During inspection he selects a form at random
from the days output of processed forms. If the form selected at random has an error, find the probability that
the form is NOT processed by Govind. (1)
ii. Find the probability that Priyanka processed the form and committed an error. (1)
iii. Find the total probability of committing an error in processing the form. (2)
OR

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 iv. Let A be the event of committing an error in processing the form and let E1, E2 and E3 be the events that
3

Govind, Priyanka and Tahseen processed the form. The value of ∑ P (E i ∣ A) ? (2)
i=1

70. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
To hire a marketing manager, it's important to find a way to properly assess candidates who can bring radical
changes and has leadership experience.
Ajay, Ramesh and Ravi attend the interview for the post of a marketing manager. Ajay, Ramesh and Ravi
chances of being selected as the manager of a firm are in the ratio 4 : 1 : 2 respectively. The respective
probabilities for them to introduce a radical change in marketing strategy are 0.3, 0.8, and 0.5. If the change does
take place.

i. Find the probability that it is due to the appointment of Ajay (A). (1)
ii. Find the probability that it is due to the appointment of Ramesh (B). (1)
iii. Find the probability that it is due to the appointment of Ravi (C). (2)
OR
Find the probability that it is due to the appointment of Ramesh or Ravi. (2)
71. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A building contractor undertakes a job to construct 4 flats on a plot along with parking area. Due to strike the
probability of many construction workers not being present for the job is 0.65. The probability that many are not
present and still the work gets completed on time is 0.35. The probability that work will be completed on time
when all workers are present is 0.80.
Let: E1: represent the event when many workers were not present for the job;

E2: represent the event when all workers were present; and

E: represent completing the construction work on time.

i. What is the probability that all the workers are present for the job? (1)
ii. What is the probability that construction will be completed on time? (1)
iii. What is the probability that many workers are not present given that the construction work is completed on
time? (2)
OR
What is the probability that all workers were present given that the construction job was completed on time?
(2)
72. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
In a bilateral cricket series between India and South Africa, the probability that India wins the first match is 0.6.
If India wins any match, then the probability that it wins the next match is 0.4, otherwise, the probability is 0.3.

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 Also, it is given that there is no tie in any match.

i. Find the probability that India won the second match, if India has already loose the first match. (1)
ii. Find the probability that India losing the third match, if India has already lost the first two matches. (1)
iii. Find the probability that India losing the first two matches. (2)
OR
Find the probability that India winning the first three matches. (2)
73. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
There are different types of Yoga which involve the usage of different poses of Yoga Asanas, Meditation and
Pranayam as shown in the figure below:

The Venn diagram below represents the probabilities of three different types of Yoga, A, B and C performed by

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the people of a society. Further, it is given that probability of a member performing type C Yoga is 0.44.

i. Find the value of x. (1)

ii. Find the value of y. (1)
iii. Find P ( C

B
) . (2)
OR
Find the probability that a randomly selected person of the society does Yoga of type A or B but not C. (2)

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