Chapter 1

Introduction

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Tardiness has been a serious matter especially to the students. This study about tardiness
focused on finding out what causes the students to come late which affects their attentiveness
focused on finding out what causes the students to come late which affects their attentiveness to
academic performances and to know how to avoid this kind of problem. One of the most
important things a student can do to achieve academic success is also one of the most basic:
going to school everyday and being on time (Kleber, 2013). Chronic tardiness is when students
are consistently late to class and can have dramatic results on a student’s future education and
career (Bennion 2018). Lateness can be defined as the “situation where an individual arrives
after the proper, scheduled or usual time (Nakpodia and Dafiaghor 2011). It is tantamount to
“tardiness” which is defined to being slow to act or respond (Oxford Advance Learners’
Dictionary. 5th ed…1995). Tardiness is recorded as a part of a student’s permanent attendance
record (Bangor Christian Schools, 2016).

According to Caldarella, P., et. al (2011), Principals and teachers consider student tardiness
to be a serious problem. Some have argued that tardiness is a widespread problem with serious
effects, particularly for younger students who must depend on their parents to get them to school
on time. Students who are frequently tardy may miss important opening announcement or
academic activities. Teachers can become frustrated as late as students disrupt instruction, often
requiring reteaching of what they have missed. Tardy behavior can also negatively affect the
overall classroom environment.

Always looked at decreasing tardiness in primary school-aged students using teacher-written

praise notes. Arriving late to school can also mean that students miss out on activities designed
to build connections with their peers, potentially impacting their social interactions and creating
a greater sense of alienation fem their classmates. The researchers found that student who are
frequently late to school often miss out on important opening announcements and academic
activities. (Vukovic, 2017).

Students who are repeatedly tardy may need more support. Teachers should consider that
building respect for time in all students is a life skill that can be taught in any subject area,
(Kelly, 2018).

Schools have rules on tardiness or absences. Students are human, and teenagers can

be a trial as much to their teachers as to their parents. Many students may be rude, absent,

late. But there are also students who want to listen, who are punctual, who are always

present. These students genuinely want to learn, and teachers owe it to them to keep the

difficult ones in line. Try various ways of dealing with erring students by knowing what

makes them tick. If the teacher feel they can take it, call attention to their behavior without

embarrassing or humiliating them, (Lee-Chua, 2012).

Dealing with students who are constantly tardy becomes frustrating for many

teachers. Students who show up late disrupt a teacher's lecture and slow the class down. Teachers
should not handle tardiness lightly and properly discipline students who

continuously come to class late, (Lamson, 2012).

Tardiness is a serious matter but has not immediate consequences, so that the

○student leads to achieve poor performances in academics. In this study, will aim on finding

an answer to the different causes of tardiness and how to avoid being tardy.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The purpose of this study is to know the cause and effect of Tardiness of Grade 12
HUMSS student of Hinigaran National Highschool during the first semester of school year 2024-
2025 to know the impact of tardiness in their learning process.

At the end of this study, this will answer the following questions below:

1. What is the profile of the students when grouped according to:

a. Sex

b. Section

c. 1st Quarter Average

2. What are the effects in the academic performance of the Grade 12 HUMSS students who
experience tardiness?

3. What are the factors that cause tardiness among students?

4. Is there a significant relationship between tardiness and academic performance?

 5. Is there a significant difference between the factors that causes tardiness and academic
performance?

Hypothesis:

There is no significant relationship between tardiness and academic performance.

There is no significant difference between the factors that causes tardiness and academic
performance.

Theoretical Framework

This study aims to Identify the reasons why students are late to class and other
factors that may cause tardiness among students. The researchers used the Bandura's
Social Learning Theory which states that "people learn by observing others". Individuals
that are observed are called models, in soclety, children are surrounded by many
influential models, such as parents within the family, characters on children's TV, friends
within their peer group and teachers at school. According to Nakpodia and Daltlaghor
(2013), the student is susceptible to more distractions and hindrances along the way,
Parent's untimely tasks and commands are also reasons that students come late to school.
Habitual tardiness can also be learned from other members of the family, especially from
them older ones. lack of a firm and consistent policy on punctuality also encourages
students to come late to school since there are no consequences attached to lateness or
tardiness.

In Chronic Lateness Theory. In today's generation, students have been exposed to

different technologies which could help them especially in their studies. However, there
are issues regarding the usage of the technologies one of which ls the tardiness in their
studies. According to Konik (2017), there are different factors that causes tardiness to
students. Factors like traffic, gadgets, peer pressure and lack of experience are some
of the reasons why students have issues regarding tardiness or lateness. Tardiness has
been one of the main reasons why students fall in their class nevertheless, those factors
are not valid reason to compensate their excuses since it is their responsibility to attend
their respective classes. Teachers understand that sometimes students will be late;
however, when a student becomes chronically tardy, it is a real concern both for the
student and classroom continuity. In older students, it must focus more on student
responsibility. One main difference is the number of times a student has the opportunity
to be tardy rises drastically as students' transition from a single classroom education to
multiple classrooms throughout the day (Airth, 2018). For example, most high schools
have six periods a day, giving students six opportunities to be late to class each day. Even
if parents get them to school on time in the morning, it is up to the students
to get themselves to each of their classes on time throughout the day.
Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

-Profile of Grade 12 - Data collection of the -Identify the underlying

HUMSS students student’s profile causes of tardiness
according to: among Grade 12
HUMSS students.
- Questionnaires
-Sex
-Address the issue of
- Organization of the tardiness among Grade
responses of students 12 HUMSS students.

-Age
- Statistical analysis of
data

-General Average

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study is helpful to the following:

To the Students. Students can use the result of this study to know how to
overcome tardiness in school. The result of the study will help them to improve their
routines and academic performance, this study also can help them to create plan to how
handle their time to come early in school.
To the Teachers. Teachers can use the result of this study to help their student how
to reduce tardiness. They can use the results to know why come students came late in
school, it helps to encourage their students to came early in school.

To the School Administration. School Administration can use this study to guide and to
reduce tardiness in their school. This study can use to conduct seminar or meeting
for all teacher and student through this plan the result of tardiness can improve.

To the Future Researcher. Future researcher can use the results of this study to
their guide and reference for their own similar study.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focuses on experiences of the students towards tardiness in the learning
process. This study involves the population of Grade 12 HUMSS students of Hinigaran
National High Schol during the first semester of school year 2024 -2025.
 This study limits its coverage on the Grade 12 HUMSS students only. Its main
purpose is to understand the reasons behind student tardiness and explore its effects on
their academic achievements.
This study considers every aspect of students’ personal information such as sex, age
and their routines. Each of the respondents are given same questionnaires to answer.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following definitions are provided to ensure uniformity and to understand these terms
throughout the study.

Tardiness. the quality or habit of not adhering to a correct or usual or expected time.

Academic Performance. Academic performance is the measurement of student

achievement across various academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically
measure achievement using classroom performance, graduation rates, and results from
standardized tests.