Part II Review Unit Review Name

Work Energy Power

Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the diagram below which shows a 20-newton force
pulling an object up a hill at a constant rate of 2 meters per second.

1. The magnitude of the momentum of the moving object is

A) 0 kg-m/s B) 10 kg-m/s C) 100 kg-m/s D) 600 kg-m/s
2. The work done against gravity in moving the object from point A to point B is approximately
A) 100 J B) 200 J C) 500 J D) 600 J
3. The kinetic energy of the moving object is
A) 5 J B) 10 J C) 15 J D) 50 J
4. The work done by the force in pulling the object from A to B is
A) 50 J B) 100 J C) 500 J D) 600 J

5. A 15.0-kilogram mass is moving at 7.50 meters per 7. The diagram below shows block A, having mass 2m
second on a horizontal, frictionless surface. What is and speed v, and block B having mass m and speed 2v
the total work that must be done on the mass to .
increase its speed to 11.5 meters per second?
A) 120. J B) 422 J
C) 570. J D) 992 J
6. A shopping cart slows as it moves along a level floor. Compared to the kinetic energy of block A, the kinetic
Which statement describes the energies of the cart? energy of block B is
A) The kinetic energy increases and the A) the same B) twice as great
gravitational potential energy remains the same.
C) one-half as great D) four times as great
B) The kinetic energy increases and the
gravitational potential energy decreases.
C) The kinetic energy decreases and the
gravitational potential energy remains the
same.
D) The kinetic energy decreases and the
gravitational potential energy increases.
 Unit Review

8. Base your answer to the following question on

the diagram below that shows an object at A that moves over a frictionless surface from A to E. The
object has a mass of M.

The object's kinetic energy at point C is less than its kinetic energy at point
A) A B) B C) D D) E
9. Two objects, A and B, are held one meter above the 11. A car travels at constant speed v up a hill from point
horizontal ground. The mass of B is twice as great as A to point B, as shown in the diagram below.
the mass of A. If PE is the gravitational potential
energy of A relative to the ground, then the
gravitational potential energy of B relative to the
ground is
A) B) C) D) As the car travels from A to B, its gravitational
10. Which statement describes the kinetic energy and potential energy
total mechanical energy of a block as it is pulled at A) increases and its kinetic energy decreases
constant speed up an incline?
B) increases and its kinetic energy remains the
A) Kinetic energy decreases and total mechanical same
energy increases. C) remains the same and its kinetic energy
B) Kinetic energy decreases and total mechanical decreases
energy remains the same. D) remains the same and its kinetic energy remains
C) Kinetic energy remains the same and total the same
mechanical energy increases.
12. An object weighing 15 Newtons is lifted from the
D) Kinetic energy remains the same and total ground to a height of 0.22 meter. The increase in the
mechanical energy remains the same. object’s gravitational potential energy is
approximately
A) 310 J B) 32 J
C) 3.3 J D) 0.34 J
 Unit Review

Base your answers to questions 13 through 16 on the diagram below which shows a 1-kilogram stone
being dropped from rest from a bridge 100 meters above a gorge.

13. What will be the kinetic energy of the stone after it has fallen 50 meters?
A) 98 J B) 490 J C) 50 J D) 100 J
14. As the stone falls, the gravitational potential energy of the stone
A) decreases B) increases
C) remains the same
15. Which graph of distance traveled versus time represents the motion of the freely falling stone?
A) B)

C) D)

16. What is the weight of the stone? 18. A spring stores 10 joules of elastic potential energy
when it is compressed 0.20 meter. What is the spring
A) .98 N B) 9.8 N
constant of the spring?
C) 98 N D) 980 N
A) 5.0 x 10 1 N/m B) 1.0 x 10 2 N/m
17. A cart weighing 10 Newtons is pushed 10 meters on C) 2.5 x 10 2 N/m D) 5.0 x 10 2 N/m
a level surface by a force of 5 Newtons. What is the
increase in its potential energy?
A) 1 joule B) 50 joules
C) 100 joules D) 0 joules
 Unit Review

19. A 7.0-kilogram cart, A, and a 3.0-kilogram cart, B, 23. The work done on a slingshot is 40.0 joules to pull
are initially held together at rest on a horizontal, back a 0.10-kilogram stone. If the slingshot projects
frictionless surface. When a compressed spring the stone straight up in the air, what is the maximum
attached to one of the carts is released, the carts are height to which the stone will rise? [Neglect
pushed apart. After the spring is released, the speed friction.]
of cart B is 6.0 meters per second, as represented in
A) 0.41 m B) 41 m
the diagram below.
C) 410 m D) 4.1 m
24. The diagram above represents a spring hanging
vertically that stretches 0.075 meter when a 5.0-
newton block is attached. The spring-block system is
at rest in the position shown.
What is the speed of cart A after the spring is
released?
A) 14 m/s B) 6.0 m/s
C) 3.0 m/s D) 2.6 m/s
20. When a mass is placed on a spring with a spring
constant of 60.0 newtons per meter, the spring is
compressed 0.500 meter. How much energy is stored
in the spring?
A) 60.0 J B) 30.0 J
C) 15.0 J D) 7.50 J
21. A spring gains 2.34 joules of elastic potential energy
as it is compressed 0.250 meter from its equilibrium
position. What is the spring constant of this spring?
A) 9.36 N/m B) 18.7 N/m
The value of the spring constant is
C) 37.4 N/m D) 74.9 N/m
A) 38 N/m B) 67 N/m
22. The diagram below shows a toy cart possessing 16
joules of kinetic energy traveling on a frictionless, C) 130 N/m D) 650 N/m
horizontal surface toward a horizontal spring. 25. A spring with a spring constant of 80. newtons per
meter is displaced 0.30 meter from its equilibrium
position. The potential energy stored in the spring is
A) 3.6 J B) 7.2 J C) 12 J D) 24 J

If the cart comes to rest after compressing the spring

a distance of 1.0 meter, what is the spring constant
of the spring?
A) 32 N/m B) 16 N/m
C) 8.0 N/m D) 4.0 N/m
 Unit Review

26. The graph below represents the relationship between 29. The graph below shows elongation as a function of
the force applied to a spring and spring elongation the applied force for two springs, A and B.
for four different springs.

Which spring has the greatest spring constant?

A) A B) B C) C D) D
Compared to the spring constant for spring A, the
27. As shown in the diagram below, a 0.50-meter-long
spring constant for spring B is
spring is stretched from its equilibrium position to a
length of 1.00 meter by a weight. A) smaller B) larger
C) the same
30. The graph below shows the relationship between the
elongation of a spring and the force applied to the
spring causing it to stretch.

If 15 joules of energy are stored in the stretched

spring, what is the value of the spring constant?
A) 30. N/m B) 60. N/m
C) 120 N/m D) 240 N/m What is the spring constant for this spring?
28. A 5-newton force causes a spring to stretch 0.2 A) 0.020 N/m B) 2.0 N/m
meter. What is the potential energy stored in the C) 25 N/m D) 50. N/m
stretched spring?
A) 1 J B) 0.5 J C) 0.2 J D) 0.1 J
 Unit Review

31. The graph below represents the elongation of a 33. The graph below represents the relationship between
spring as a function of the applied force. the force applied to a spring and the compression
(displacement) of the spring.

How much work must be done to stretch the spring

0.40 meter?
A) 4.8 J B) 6.0 J C) 9.8 J D) 24 J
32. In the diagram below, a student compresses the
spring in a pop-up toy 0.020 meter.
What is the spring constant for this spring?
A) 1.0 N/m B) 2.5 N/m
C) 0.20 N/m D) 0.40 N/m
34. A horizontal force of 20 newtons eastward causes a
10-kilogram box to have a displacement of 5 meters
If the spring has a spring constant of 340 newtons eastward. The total work done on the box by the
per meter, how much energy is being stored in the 20-newton force is
spring?
A) 40 J B) 100 J
A) 0.068 J B) 0.14 J C) 200 J D) 1000 J
C) 3.4 J D) 6.8 J 35. How much work is done by the force lifting a
0.1-kilogram hamburger vertically upward at
constant velocity 0.3 meter from a table?
A) 0.03 J B) 0.1 J
C) 0.3 J D) 0.4 J
36. As a box is pushed 30. meters across a horizontal
floor by a constant horizontal force of 25 newtons,
the kinetic energy of the box increases by 300.
joules. How much total internal energy is produced
during this process?
A) 150 J B) 250 J
C) 450 J D) 750 J
 Unit Review

37. The total work done in lifting a typical high school 42. As shown in the diagram below, a student exerts an
physics textbook a vertical distance of 0.10 meter is average force of 600. newtons on a rope to lift a
approximately 50.0-kilogram crate a vertical distance of 3.00
meters.
A) 0.15 J B) 1.5 J
C) 15 J D) 150 J
38. What is the rate at which work is done in lifting a
35-kilogram object vertically at a constant speed of
5.0 meters per second?
A) 1700 W B) 340 W
C) 180 W D) 7.0 W
39. A student applies a 20.-newton force to move a crate
at a constant speed of 4.0 meters per second across a
Compared to the work done by the student, the
rough floor. How much work is done by the student
gravitational potential energy gained by the crate is
on the crate in 6.0 seconds?
A) exactly the same B) 330 J less
A) 80. J B) 120 J
C) 330 J more D) 150 J more
C) 240 J D) 480 J
43. A block weighing 15 Newtons is pulled to the top of
40. A 1.5-kilogram cart initially moves at 2.0 meters per
an incline that is 0.20 meter above the ground, as
second. It is brought to rest by a constant net force in
shown below.
0.30 second. What is the magnitude of the net force?
A) 0.40 N B) 0.90 N
C) 10. N D) 15 N
41. A 2.0-kilogram block sliding down a ramp from a
height of 3.0 meters above the ground reaches the If 4.0 joules of work are needed to pull the block the
ground with a kinetic energy of 50. joules. The total full length of the incline, how much work is done
work done by friction on the block as it slides down against friction?
the ramp is approximately A) 1.0 J B) 0.0 J C) 3.0 J D) 7.0 J
A) 6 J B) 9 J C) 18 J D) 44 J
 Unit Review

44. In the diagram below, 400. joules of work is done 46. A student pulls a block 3.0 meters along a horizontal
raising a 72-newton weight a vertical distance of 5.0 surface at constant velocity. The diagram below
meters. shows the components of the force exerted on the
block by the student.

How much work is done against friction?

A) 18 J B) 24 J C) 30. J D) 42 J
47. In the diagram below, 55 joules of work is needed to
raise a 10.-newton weight 5.0 meters.

How much work is done to overcome friction as the

weight is raised?
A) 40. J B) 360 J
C) 400. J D) 760 J
45. The diagram below shows a 5.0-kilogram mass How much work is done to overcome friction as the
sliding 9.0 meters down an incline from a height of weight is raised?
2.0 meters in 3.0 seconds. The object gains 90.
joules of kinetic energy while sliding. A) 5 J B) 5.5 J C) 11 J D) 50. J
48. A crate is pulled 6.0 meters up an incline with a
force of 50 Newtons. If the potential energy of the
box increases 250 joules, the total work done against
friction in moving the box is
A) 0 J B) 50 J C) 250 J D) 300 J
How much work is done against friction as the mass
slides the 9.0 meters? 49. A box is dragged up an incline a distance of 8 meters
with a force of 50 Newtons. If the increase in
A) 0 J B) 8 J C) 45 J D) 90. J potential energy of the box is 300 joules, the work
done against friction is
A) 100 J B) 200 J
C) 300 J D) 400 J
 Unit Review

50. A motor does a total of 480 joules of work in 5.0 56. The diagram below represents a 155-newton box on
seconds to lift a 12-kilogram block to the top of a a ramp. Applied force F causes the box to slide from
ramp. The average power developed by the motor is point A to point B.
A) 8.0 W B) 40. W
C) 96 W D) 2400 W
51. A 5.8 x 104-watt elevator motor can lift a total
weight of 2.1 x 104 newtons with a maximum
constant speed of
A) 0.28 m/s B) 0.36 m/s
C) 2.8 m/s D) 3.6 m/s What is the total amount of gravitational potential
52. A 70.-kilogram cyclist develops 210 watts of power energy gained by the box?
while pedaling at a constant velocity of 7.0 meters A) 28.4 J B) 279 J
per second east. What average force is exerted
C) 868 J D) 2740 J
eastward on the bicycle to maintain this constant
speed? 57. A horizontal force of 5.0 newtons acts on a
3.0-kilogram mass over a distance of 6.0 meters
A) 490 N B) 30. N along a horizontal, frictionless surface. What is the
C) 3.0 N D) 0 N change in kinetic energy of the mass during its
53. A 95-kilogram student climbs 4.0 meters up a rope movement over the 6.0-meter distance?
in 3.0 seconds. What is the power output of the A) 6.0 J B) 15 J C) 30. J D) 90. J
student?
58. A child does 0.20 joule of work to compress the
A) 1.3 × 10 2 W B) 3.8 × 10 2 W spring in a pop-up toy. If the mass of the toy is 0.010
C) 1.2 × 10 3 W D) 3.7 × 10 3 W kilogram, what is the maximum vertical height that
54. A 3.0-kilogram block is initially at rest on a the toy can reach after the spring is released?
frictionless, horizontal surface. The block is moved A) 20. m B) 2.0 m
8.0 meters in 2.0 seconds by the application of a C) 0.20 m D) 0.020 m
12-newton horizontal force, as shown in the diagram
below. 59. The diagram below shows a 0.1-kilogram apple
attached to a branch of a tree 2 meters above a
spring on the ground below.

What is the average power developed while moving

the block?
A) 24 W B) 32 W C) 48 W D) 96 W
55. A block initially at rest on a horizontal, frictionless
surface is accelerated by a constant horizontal force The apple falls and hits the spring, compressing it
of 5.0 newtons. If 15 joules of work is done on the 0.1 meter from its rest position. If all of the
block by this force while accelerating it, the kinetic gravitational potential energy of the apple on the tree
energy of the block increases by is transferred to the spring when it is compressed,
what is the spring constant of this spring?
A) 3.0 J B) 15 J C) 20. J D) 75 J
A) 10 N/m B) 40 N/m
C) 100 N/m D) 400 N/m
 Unit Review

60. The spring of a toy car is wound by pushing the car

backward with an average force of 15 Newtons
through a distance of 0.50 meter. How much elastic
potential energy is stored in the car’s spring during
this process?
A) 1.9 J B) 7.5 J C) 30. J D) 56 J
61. A 10.-kilogram mass falls freely a distance of 6.0
meters near the Earth's surface. The total kinetic
energy gained by the mass as it falls is
approximately
A) 60. J B) 590 J
C) 720 J D) 1,200 J
62. A motor does 20. joules of work on a block,
accelerating the block vertically upward. Neglecting
friction, if the gravitational potential energy of the
block increases by 15 joules, its kinetic energy
A) decreases by 5 J B) increases by 5 J
C) decreases by 35 J D) increases by 35 J
63. A 0.50-kilogram ball is thrown vertically upward
with an initial kinetic energy of 25 joules.
Approximately how high will the ball rise? [Neglect
air resistance.]
A) 2.6 m B) 5.1 m
C) 13 m D) 25 m
64. The diagram below shows a moving, 5.00-kilogram
cart at the foot of a hill 10.0 meters high. For the cart
to reach the top of the hill, what is the minimum
kinetic energy of the cart in the position shown?
[Neglect energy loss due to friction.]

A) 4.91 J B) 50.0 J
C) 250. J D) 491 J
 Unit Review

65. Base your answer to the following question on

the diagram below. Which represents a 2.0-kilogram mass placed on a frictionless track at point A and
released from rest. Assume the gravitational potential energy of the system to be zero at point E.

As the mass travels along the track, the maximum height it will reach above point E will be closest to
A) 10. m B) 20. m C) 30. m D) 40. m
66. A wound spring provides the energy to propel a toy 67. Base your answer to the following question on the
car across a level floor. At time t i,the car is diagram below. The diagram represents a 1.00
moving-at speed vi across the floor and the spring is kilogram object being held at rest on a frictionless
unwinding, as shown below. At time t f, the spring incline.
has fully unwound and the car has coasted to a stop.

Which statement best describes the transformation

of energy that occurs between the t i and t f?
A) Gravitational potential energy at t i is converted
to internal energy at t f.
The object is released and slides the length of the
B) Elastic potential energy at t i is converted to incline. When it reaches the bottom of the incline,
kinetic energy at t f. the object's kinetic energy will be closest to
C) Both elastic potential energy and kinetic
energy at t i are converted to internal energy A) 19.6 J B) 2.00 J
at t f. C) 9.81 J D) 4.00 J
D) Both kinetic energy and internal energy at t i are 68. A 25-gram paper cup falls from rest off the edge of a
converted to elastic potential energy at t f. tabletop 0.90 meter above the floor. If the cup has
0.20 joule of kinetic energy when it hits the floor,
what is the total amount of energy converted into
internal (thermal) energy during the cup’s fall?
A) 0.02 J B) 0.22 J
C) 2.2 J D) 220 J
 Unit Review

69. A car uses its brakes to stop on a level road. During

this process, there must be a conversion of kinetic
energy into
A) light energy
B) nuclear energy
C) gravitational potential energy
D) internal energy
Base your answers to questions 70 through 73 on the information and diagram below and on your
knowledge of physics.

As represented in the diagram a ski area rope-tow pulls a 72.0-kilogram skier from the bottom
to the top of a 40.0-meter-high hill. The rope-tow exerts a force of magnitude 158 newtons to
move the skier a total distance of 230 meters up the side of the hill at constant speed.

70. Describe what happens to the total mechanical energy of the skier-hill system as the skier is pulled up
the hill.

71. Describe what happens to the internal energy of the skier-hill system as the skier is pulled up the hill.

72. Calculate the total amount of gravitational potential energy gained by the skier while moving up the
hill. [Show all work, including the equation and the substitution with units]

73. Determine the total amount of work done by the rope on the skier.

74. Determine the amount of matter, in kilograms, that must be converted to energy to yield 1.0
gigajoule.
 Unit Review

75. The diagram below represents a 35-newton block hanging from a vertical spring, causing the spring
to elongate from its original length.

Determine the spring constant of the spring.

Base your answers to questions 76 through 78 on the information and diagram below and on your
knowledge of physics.

A jack-in-the-box is a toy in which a figure in an open box is pushed down, compressing a

spring. The lid of the box is then closed. When the box is opened, the figure is pushed up by the
spring. The spring in the toy is compressed 0.070 meter by using a downward force of 12.0
newtons.

76. Identify one form of energy to which the elastic potential energy of the spring is converted when the
figure is pushed up by the spring.

77. Calculate the total amount of elastic potential energy stored in the spring when it is compressed.
[Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

78. Calculate the spring constant of the spring. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution
with units.]
 Unit Review

Base your answers to questions 79 and 80 on the information below and on your knowledge of
physics.

An electron traveling with a speed of meters per second collides with a photon having a
frequency of hertz. After the collision, the photon has joule of energy.
79. Determine the energy lost by the photon during the collision.

80. Calculate the original kinetic energy of the electron. [Show all work, including the equation and
substitution with units.]

81. Regardless of the method used to generate electrical energy, the amount of energy provided by the
source is always greater than the amount of electrical energy produced. Explain why there is a
difference between the amount of energy provided by the source and the amount of electrical energy
produced.

82. Calculate the average power required to lift a 490-newton object a vertical distance of 2.0 meters in
10. seconds. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Base your answers to questions 83 and 84 on the information below.

A vertically hung spring has a spring constant of 150. newtons per meter. A
2.00-kilogram mass is suspended from the spring and allowed to come to rest.
83. Calculate the total elastic potential energy stored in the spring due to the suspended 2.00-kilogram
mass. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

84. Calculate the elongation of the spring produced by the suspended 2.00-kilogram mass. [Show all
work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

85. When a spring is compressed 2.50 x 10 –2 meter from

its equilibrium position, the total potential
energy stored in the spring is 1.25 x 10 –2 joule.
Calculate the spring constant of the spring. [Show all
work, including the equation and substitution with
units.]

Base your answers to questions 86 through 88 on the information below.

A roller coaster car has a mass of 290. kilograms. Starting from rest, the car acquires 3.13 ×
105 joules of kinetic energy as it descends to the bottom of a hill in 5.3 seconds.
86. Calculate the magnitude of the average acceleration of the roller coaster car as it descends to the
bottom of the hill. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

87. Calculate the speed of the roller coaster car at the bottom of the hill. [Show all work, including the
equation and substitution with units.]
 Unit Review

88. Calculate the height of the hill. [Neglect friction.] [Show all work, including the equation and
substitution with units.]

89. A 10.-newton force compresses a spring 0.25 meter

from its equilibrium position. Calculate the spring
constant of this spring. [Show all work, including
the equation and substitution with units.]

90. A box at the top of a rough incline possesses 981

joules more gravitational potential energy than it
does at the bottom. As the box slides to the bottom
of the incline, 245 joules of heat is produced.
Determine the kinetic energy of the box at the
bottom of the incline.

91. A car, initially traveling at 30. meters per second,

slows uniformly as it skids to a stop after the brakes
are applied. On the axes below, sketch a graph
showing the relationship between the kinetic energy
of the car as it is being brought to a stop and the
work done by friction in stopping the car.

92. A spring in a toy car is compressed a distance, x.

When released, the spring returns to its original
length, transferring its energy to the car.
Consequently, the car having mass m moves with
speed v.

Derive the spring constant, k, of the car’s spring in

terms of m, x, and v. [Assume an ideal mechanical
system with no loss of energy.] [Show all work,
including the equations used to derive the spring
constant.
 Unit Review

93. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below.

A 10.-kilogram block is pushed across a floor by a horizontal force of 50. newtons. The
block moves from point A to point B in 3.0 seconds.

Calculate the power required to move the block from point A to point B in 3.0 seconds. [Show all
work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Base your answers to questions 94 through 96 on the Base your answers to questions 97 through 99 on the
information and diagram below. information below.

A 1000.-kilogram empty cart moving with a The driver of a car made an emergency stop
speed of 6.0 meters per second is about to collide on a straight horizontal road. The wheels locked
with a stationary loaded cart having a total mass and the car skidded to a stop. The marks made by
of 5000. kilograms, as shown. After the collision, the rubber tires on the dry asphalt are 16 meters
the carts lock and move together. [Assume long, and the car’s mass is 1200 kilograms.
friction is negligible.] 97. Assuming that energy is conserved, calculate the
speed of the car before the brakes were applied.

98. Calculate the work done by the frictional force in

stopping the car.

99. Calculate the magnitude of the frictional force the

road applied to the car in stopping it.

94. How does the kinetic energy of the combined carts

after the collision compare to the kinetic energy of
the carts before the collision?

95. Calculate the kinetic energy of the combined carts

after the collision.

96. Calculate the speed of the combined carts after the

collision.
 Unit Review

Base your answers to questions 100 and 101 on the 104. At which position, A, B, or C, is mass M located
information below. when the kinetic energy of the system is at a
maximum? Explain your choice.
A 50.-kilogram child running at 6.0 meters per
second jumps onto a stationary 10.-kilogram sled.
The sled is on a level frictionless surface.
100. After a short time, the moving sled with the child
aboard reaches a rough level surface that exerts a
constant frictional force of 54 newtons on the sled.
How much work must be done by friction to bring
the sled with the child to a stop?

101. a Calculate the speed of the sled with the child after
she jumps onto the sled. [Show all work, including
the equation and substitution with units.]
b Calculate the kinetic energy of the sled with the
child after she jumps onto the sled.[Show all work,
including the equation and substitution with units.]

Base your answers to questions 102 through 104 on

the information and diagram below.

A mass, M, is hung from a spring and reaches

equilibrium at position B. The mass is then raised
to position A and released. The mass oscillates
between positions A and C. [Neglect friction.]

102. At which position, A, B, or C, is mass M located

when the elastic potential energy of the system is at
a maximum? Explain your choice.

103. At which position, A, B, or C, is mass M located

when the gravitational potential energy of the
system is at a maximum? Explain your choice.
 Unit Review

105. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of
physics.

Using a spring toy like the one shown in the diagram, a physics teacher pushes on the toy,
compressing the spring, causing the suction cup to stick to the base of the toy.

When the teacher removes her hand, the toy pops straight up and just brushes against the ceiling.
She does this demonstration five times, always with the same result.

When the teacher repeats the demonstration for the sixth time the toy crashes against the ceiling
with considerable force. The students notice that in this trial, the spring and toy separated from
the base at the moment the spring released.

The teacher puts the toy back together, repeats the demonstration and the toy once again just
brushes against the ceiling.

Explain, in terms of mass and energy, why the spring toy hits the ceiling in the sixth trial and not in
the other trials.

Base your answers to questions 106 through 108 on the information below.

A 680-newton student runs up a flight of stairs 3.5 meters high in 11.4 seconds. The student
takes 8.5 seconds to run up the same flight of stairs during a second trial.
106. Using one or more complete sentences, compare the power developed by the student climbing the
stairs in 11.4 seconds to the power developed during the 8.5-second trial.

107. Determine the power developed by the student during the 11.4 -second climb.

108. Determine the work done by the 680-newton student in climbing the stairs.
[Show all work including equation and substitution with appropriate units]
 Unit Review

Base your answers to questions 109 through 111 on the information and diagram below.

A 20.-kilogram block is placed at the top of a 10.-meter-long inclined plane. The block
starts from rest and slides without friction down the length of the incline.

109. On the axes provided above, sketch a graph of the gravitational potential energy of the block as a
function of its kinetic energy for the complete slide. Label your graph with appropriate values and
units.

110. Determine the kinetic energy of the block just as it reaches the bottom of the incline.

111. Determine the gravitational potential energy of the block at the top of the incline. [Show all
calculations, including the equation and substitution with units.]

112. The diagram below shows a spring compressed by

a force of 6.0 Newtons from its rest position to its
compressed position.

Calculate the spring constant for this spring. [Show

all calculations, including equations and
substitutions with units.]
 Answer Key
Part II) Energy Power Work

1. B 37. B 71. Internal energy 81. — Energy is needed

2. C 38. A increases. to overcome friction.
72. — Energy is
3. B 39. D converted into
4. D 40. C internal (thermal)
energy in the
5. C 41. B
moving parts. —
6. C 42. B 73. 3.63 x 10 4 J or Energy is converted
7. B 43. A 36300 J into sound.
8. B 44. A 74. 1.1 x 10 -8 kg 82. P = 98 W
9. B 45. B 75. 350 N/m 83.
10. C 46. B 76. — kinetic energy —
sound — internal 84.
11. B 47. A
energy (thermal
12. C 48. B energy) —
13. B 49. A gravitational
potential energy
14. A 50. C
(potential energy)
15. A 51. C 85.
77. Equation and
16. B 52. B substitution with
17. D 53. C units or for an
answer, with units,
18. D 54. C that is consistent
19. D 55. B with the student's
20. D 56. B response to
questions 71. 86.
21. D 57. C
22. A 58. B
78. Equation and
23. B 59. D substitution with
24. B 60. B units.
25. A 61. B 87.
26. A 62. B
27. C 63. B
28. B 64. D
79.
29. B 65. D
80.
30. D 66. C
88.
31. A 67. A 89.
32. A 68. A
33. B 69. D
34. B 70. Total mechanical
35. C energy increases.

36. C 90. 736 J

 Answer Key
Part II) Energy Power Work

91. 101. a Pbefore = Pafter 105. examples: 111. Acceptable

or – The toy has less responses: PE =
mass without the mg h; PE = (20.
m beforevbefore = m afterv base but the same kg)(9.8 m/s2)(5.0 m);
after energy. Therefore it PE = 980 J; or
can go higher. PE = 9.8 × 102
92. (50. kg)(6.0 m/s) = – The work put into kg•m 2/s2
(60. kg) vafter the toy is the same 112. F = kx; 6.0 N =
but the mass is less. k(0.040 m ); k = 150
93. P = Fd With less mass the N/m
vafter = (50. kg) (6.0 toy could go higher
m/s) / (60. kg) because it is moving
t faster.
P vafter = 5.0 m/s 106. – The power
= (50. N)(8.0 m) 2 developed during
b KE = mv the 11.4 -second trial
3.0 s is less.
P = 130 W or 133 W KE = (60. kg)(5.0 – The power
2
m/s) developed during
94. The KE of the
combined carts after the 11.4 -second trial
KE = 750 J is less than the
the collision is less
than the KE of the 102. C, because the power developed
carts before the spring is stretched during the 8.5
collision. the maximum -second trial.
amount or 107. P = W/ t; P = (680
95. KE = 3.0 x 10 3 J C, because the KE N × 3.5m)/11.4s; P
96. v f = 1.0 m/s and gravitational PE = 208.8 J/s
are a minimum
97. v = 15 m/s or vi = 108. W = F s; W = 680
14.6 m/s 103. A, because it is the N × 3.5 m; W =
highest point of 2400 J
98. W = 1.3 × 10 5 J or
travel
128,000 J 109.
104. B, because the mass
99. Ff = 8,000 N or
has the greatest
8,040 N
speed or
100. 750 J B, because the total
potential energy is
least or
B, the speed at A and 110. 980 J; Allow credit
C is zero for an answer that is
consistent with the
student’s answer to
the previous
question.