The Post-Colonial Studies Reader
Second edition
Edited by
Bill Ashcroft,
Gareth Griffiths and
Helen Tiffin
O Routledge
Taylor & Francis Croup
LONDON AND NEW YORK
Contents
List of figures XVII
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxi
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION 5
PART ONE
Issues and Debates
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART ONE 9
1 George Lamming
THE OCCASION FOR SPEAKING 14
2 Abdul R. JanMohamed
THE ECONOMY OF MANICH EAN ALLEGORY 19
3 Edward W. Said
ORIENTALISM 24
4 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
CAN THE SUBALTERN SPEAK? 28
5 Homi K. Bhabha
SIGNS TAKEN FOR WONDERS 38
Vi CONTENTS
6 Benita Parry
PROBLEMS IN CURRENT THEORIES OF COLONIAL DISCOURSE 44
7 Stephen Slemon
THE SCRAMBLE FOR POST-COLONIALISM 51
8 Nicholas B. Dirks
COLONIALISM AND CULTURE 57
9 Biodun Jeyifo
THE NATURE OF THINGS: ARRESTED DECOLONIZATION AND
CRITICAL THEORY 62
10 Achille Mbembe
THE INTIMACY OF TYRANNY 66
PART TWO
Universality and Difference
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO 71
11 Chinua Achebe
COLONIALIST CRITICISM 73
12 Charles Larson
HEROIC ETHNOCENTRISM: THE IDEA OF UNIVERSALITY
IN LITERATU RE 77
13 Alan J. Bishop
WESTERN MATHEMATICS: THE SECRET WEAPON OF
CULTURAL IMPERIALISM 80
14 Aijaz Ahmad
JAMESON'S RHETORIC OF OTHERNESS AND THE ^NATIONAL ALLEGORY' 84
15 Tsenay Serequeberhan
THE CRITIQUE OF EUROCENTRISM 89
PART THREE
Representation and Resistance
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART THREE 93
16 Edward W. Said
RESISTANCE, OPPOSITION AND REPRESENTATION 95
17 Helen Tiffin
POST-COLONIAL LITERATURES AND C0UNTE R-DISC0URSE
18 Stephen Slemon
UNSETTLING THE EMPIRE: RESISTANCE THEORY FOR THE
SECON D WORLD
19 Sara Suleri
THE RHETORIC OF ENGLISH INDIA
20 Robert Stam and Louise Spence
COLONIALISM, RACISM AND REPRESENTATION
21 Elleke Boehmer
NETWORKS OF RESISTANCE
PART FOUR
Nationalism
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART FOUR
22 Frantz Fanon
NATIONAL CULTURE
23 Benedict Anderson
IMAGINED COMMUNITIES
24 Partha Chatterjee
NATIONALISM AS A PROBLEM
25 Timothy Brennan
THE NATIONAL LONGING FOR FORM
26 Homi K. Bhabha
DISSEMINATION: TIME, NARRATIVE, AND THE MARGINS OF
THE MODERN NATION
27 David Cairns and Shaun Richards
WHAT ISH MY NATION?
PART FIVE
Hybridity
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART FIVE
viii CONTENTS
28 Kirsten Hoist Petersen and Anna Rutherford
FOSSIL AND PSYCHE 139
29 Chinua Achebe
NAMED FOR VICTORIA, QUEEN OF ENGLAND 143
30 Jacques Stephen Alexis
OF THE MARVELLOUS REALISM OF THE HAITIANS 146
31 Michael Dash
MARVELLOUS REALISM: THE WAY OUT OF NEGRITUDE 150
32 Edward Kamau Brathwaite
CREOLIZATION IN JAMAICA 152
33 Homi K. Bhabha
CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES 155
34 Robert Young
THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF HYBRIDITY 158
PART SIX
Indigeneity
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART SIX 163
35 Gareth Griffiths
THE MYTH OF AUTHENTICITY 165
36 Margery Fee
WHO CAN WRITE AS OTHER? 169
37 Terry Goldie
THE REPRESENTATION OF THE INDIGENE 172
38 Arnold Krupat
POSTCOLONIALISM, IDEOLOGY, AND NATIVE AMERICAN
LITERATURE 175
39 James Clifford
INDIGENOUS ARTICULATIONS 180
40 Diana Brydon
THE WHITE INUIT SPEAKS: CONTAMINATION AS LITERARY
STRATEGY
184
PART SEVEN
Ethnicity
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART SEVEN
41 Werner Sollors
WHO IS ETHNIC?
42 Philip Gleason
IDENTIFYING IDENTITY
43 Trinh T. Minh-ha
NO MASTER TERRITORIES
44 Stuart Hall
NEW ETHNICITIES
45 Mike Hill
AFTER WHITENESS
46 Gloria Anzaldua
TOWARDS A NEW CONSCIOUSNESS
PART EIGHT
Race
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART EIGHT
47 Tzvetan Todorov
RACE AND RACISM
48 Henry Louis Gates
WRITING RACE
49 Homi K. Bhabha
RACE, TIME AND THE REVISION OF MODERNITY
50 Kwame Anthony Appiah
THE ILLUSIONS OF RACE
51 Paul Gilroy
THERE AIN'T NO BLACK IN THE UNION JACK
52 Pal Ahluwalia
NIGRITUDE AND NATIVISM
X CONTENTS
PART NINE
Feminism
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART NINE 233
53 Kirsten Hoist Petersen
FIRST THINGS FIRST: PROBLEMS OF A FEMINIST APPROACH
TO AFRICAN LITERATURE 235
54 Ketu H. Katrak
DECOLONIZING CULTURE: TOWARD A THEORY FOR
POSTCOLONIAL WOMEN'S TEXTS 239
55 Chandra Talpade Mohanty
UNDER WESTERN EYES: FEMINIST SCHOLARSHIP AND
COLONIAL DISCOURSES 242
56 Trinh T. Minh-ha
WRITING POSTCOLONIALITY AND FEMINISM 246
57 Sara Suleri
WOMAN SKIN DEEP: FEMINISM AND THE POSTCOLONIAL
CONDITION 250
58 Oyeronke Oyewumi
COLONIZING BODIES AND MINDS 256
PART TEN
Language
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART TEN 261
59 NgugT Wa Thiong'o
THE LANGUAGE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE 263
60 Chinua Achebe
THE POLITICS OF LANGUAGE 268
61 Braj B. Kachru
THE ALCHEMY OF ENGLISH 272
62 Raja Rao
LANGUAGE AND SPIRIT
276
CONTENTS xi
63 Bill Ashcroft
LANGUAGE AND TRANSFORMATION 277
64 Edward Kamau Brathwaite
NATION LANGUAGE 281
65 Chantal Zabus
RELEXIFICATION 285
PART ELEVEN
The Body and Performance
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION ELEVEN 289
66 Frantz Fanon
THE FACT OF BLACKNESS 291
67 Michael Dash
IN SEARCH OF THE LOST BODY: REDEFINING THE SUBJECT IN
CARIBBEAN LITERATURE 295
68 Russell McDougall
THE BODY AS CULTURAL SIGNIFIER 298
69 Helen Gilbert
DANCE, MOVEMENT AND RESISTANCE POLITICS 302
70 Gillian Whitlock
OUTLAWS OF THE TEXT 306
71 Marvin Carlson
RESISTANT PERFORMANCE 309
72 Reina Lewis
ON VEILING, VISION AND VOYAGE 313
PART TWELVE
History
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART TWELVE 317
73 Jose Rabasa
ALLEGORIES OF ATLAS 319
xii CONTENTS
74 Peter Hulme
COLUMBUS AND THE CANNIBALS 325
75 Derek Walcott
THE MUSE OF HISTORY 329
76 Paul Carter
SPATIAL HISTORY 333
77 Wilson Harris
THE LIMBO GATEWAY 336
78 Dipesh Chakrabarty
POSTCOLONIALITY AND THE ARTIFICE OF HISTORY 340
PART THIRTEEN
Place
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART THIRTEEN 345
79 Dennis Lee
WRITING IN COLONIAL SPACE 347
80 Paul Carter
NAMING PLACE 351
81 Graham Huggan
DECOLONIZING THE MAP 355
82 Bob Hodge and Vijay Mishra
ABORIGINAL PLACE 359
83 G. Malcolm Lewis
INDIGENOUS MAP MAKING 364
84 Walter Mignolo
THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN 357
PART FOURTEEN
Education
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART FOURTEEN
CONTENTS xiii
85 Thomas Macaulay
MINUTE ON INDIAN EDUCATION 374
86 Gauri Viswanathan
THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH LITERARY STUDY IN BRITISH
INDIA 376
87 Philip G. Altbach
EDUCATION AND NEOCOLONIALISM 381
88 Arun P. Mukherjee
IDEOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM: A CASE STUDY IN THE TEACHING
OF ENGLISH LITERATURE IN CANADIAN UNIVERSITIES 385
89 NgugT Wa Thiong'o
BORDERS AND BRIDGES 389
90 Norrel A. London
ENTRENCHING ENGLISH IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 393
PART FIFTEEN
Production and Consumption
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART FIFTEEN 397
91 Andr6 Lefevre
THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF AFRICAN LITERATURE WRITTEN IN
ENGLISH 399
92 S. I. A. Kotei
THE BOOK TODAY IN AFRICA 404
93 Philip G. Altbach
LITERARY COLONIALISM: BOOKS IN THE THIRD WORLD 408
94 Anne McClintock
SOFT-SOAPING EMPIRE 413
95 Arjun Appadurai
COMMODITIES AND THE POLITICS OF VALUE 417
96 Graham Huggan
THE POSTCOLONIAL EXOTIC 421
xiv CONTENTS
PART SIXTEEN
Diaspora
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART SIXTEEN 425
97 Salman Rushdie
IMAGINARY HOMELANDS 428
98 Stuart Hall
CULTURAL IDENTITY AND DIASPORA 435
99 Edward W. Said
THE MIND OF WINTER 439
100 Avtah Brah
THINKING THROUGH THE CONCEPT OF DIASPORA 443
101 Vijay Mishra
THE DIASPORIC IMAGINARY: THEORIZING THE INDIAN DIASPORA 447
102 James Clifford
DIASPORAS 451
103 Amitava Kumar
PASSPORT PHOTOS 455
PART SEVENTEEN
Globalization
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION PART SEVENTEEN 461
104 Arif Dirlik
THE GLOBAL IN THE LOCAL 463
105 Arjun Appadurai
DISJUNCTION AND DIFFERENCE 468
106 Simon Gikandi
GLOBALIZATION AND THE CLAIMS OF P 0 S T C 0 L 0 N IA LIT Y 473
107 Roland Robertson
G LOCALIZATION
CONTENTS xv
108 Guy Hardt and Antonio Negri
IMPERIAL SOVEREIGNTY 481
109 Chandra Talpade Mohanty
FEMINIST SOLIDARITY THROUGH A N TI C A P IT A LIS T STRUGGLES 485
PART EIGHTEEN
Environment
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART EIGHTEEN 491
110 Alfred W. Crosby
ECOLOGICAL IMPERIALISM 494
111 Richard Grove
GREEN IMPERIALISM 498
112 Ken Saro-Wiwa
TRIAL STATEMENT 501
113 Val Plumwood
DECOLONIZING RELATIONSHIPS WITH NATURE 503
114 Gordon Sayre
THE BEAVER AS NATIVE AND AS COLONIST 507
115 Cary Wolfe
OLD ORDERS FOR NEW 511
PART NINETEEN
The Sacred
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin
INTRODUCTION TO PART NINETEEN 517
116 Gauri Viswanathan
CONVERSION, 'TRADITION' AND NATIONAL CONSOLIDATION 519
117 Laura E. Donaldson
GOD, GOLD, AND GENDER 522
118 William Baldridge
RECLAIMING OUR HISTORIES 528
xvi CONTENTS
119 Richard King
ORIENTALISM AND RELIGION 531
120 Peter Van der Veer
GLOBAL CONVERSIONS 534
121 R. S. Sugirtharajah
POSTCOLONIALIZING BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION 537
Bibliography 541
Index
576
Figures
7.1 Diagram representing the debate over the nature of colonialism 52
28.1 Theme of expedition 142
73.1 Mercator's world map 320
82.1 Jila Japingka by Peter Skipper 362
83.1 The Wingenund (a Delaware warrior) map 365
84.1 Mapa Siguenza (c. 1550) 369
84.2 Tira de la Peregrinacion 370
