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Assessment Workbook Version 1.1 Produced 27 March 2023

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 Copyright
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Version Control & Document History

Date Summary of Modifications Version

13 January 2023 Version 1.0 released for publishing 1.0

27 March 2023 Version 1.1 endorsed for use 1.1

Fixed minor wording and formatting issues

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Assessment Workbook Cover Sheet
To the candidate: Print this cover sheet and complete it by filling in all the required
information and signing in the space provided. Your signature must be handwritten. Scan
the completed cover sheet and submit it along with your evidence submissions. Use the
filename: CHCCCS041 Cover Sheet

Workbook CHCCCS041

Title Recognise healthy body systems (Release 1)

First and Last Name Didik Dwi Setyawan

Phone 0481283579

Email [email protected]

Please read the Candidate Declaration below, and if you agree to the terms
of the declaration, sign and indicate the date in the spaces provided.
By submitting this work, I declare that:
 I have been advised of the assessment requirements, have been made aware of my rights
and responsibilities as an assessment candidate, and choose to be assessed at this time.
 I am aware that there is a limit to the number of submissions that I can make for each
assessment, and I am submitting all documents required to complete this Assessment
Workbook.
 I have organised and named the files I am submitting according to the instructions
provided. I am aware that my assessor will not assess work that cannot be identified and
may request the work be resubmitted according to the correct process.
 This work is my own and contains no material written by another person except where
due reference is made. I am aware that a false declaration may lead to the withdrawal of
qualification or statement of attainment.
 I am aware that there is a policy of checking the validity of qualifications that I submit as
evidence, as well as the qualifications/evidence of parties who verify my performance or
observable skills. I give my consent to contact these parties for verification purposes.

Name: Didik Dwi Setyawan Signature: Didik Dwi Date signed: 30 August 2024
Setyawan

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Knowledge Assessment
Part A. Human Body Systems and Its Components

1. List three basic functions of cells.

i. Metabolism: Cells carry out chemical reactions to produce energy and maintain
essential processes.

ii. Growth and Reproduction: Cells divide and replicate to allow growth and replace
damaged or old cells.
iii. Growth and Reproduction: Cells divide and replicate to allow growth and replace
damaged or old cells.

2. List the five basic functions of tissues.

i. Secretion

ii. Movement

iii. Strength

iv. Excretion

v. Communication

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 3. Listed below are different organ systems of the human body. Briefly
explain the basic function of each.

Organ System Function

The cardiovascular system transports blood from the

i. Cardiovascular heart to other body parts.
system

The respiratory system brings oxygen in and carbon dioxide

out.
ii. Respiratory system

The musculoskeletal system facilitates movement and

iii. Musculoskeletal
locomotion.
system

The endocrine system secretes hormones into the circulatory

system.
iv. Endocrine system

The digestive system breaks down food into energy.

v. Digestive system

The urinary system removes liquid waste from the blood

vi. Urinary system to keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in
the blood.

vii. Female The female reproductive system produces, transports and

reproductive sustains egg cells. It also nurtures the developing
system offspring.

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 Organ System Function

The male reproductive system produces, transports, and

viii. Male reproductive sustains sperm cells.
system

The integumentary system serves as a barrier to protect

ix. Integumentary the inside of the body from environmental elements, such
system as bacteria, pollution, and UV rays from the sun.

The lymphatic system transports fluid containing infection

x. Lymphatic system fighting white blood cells throughout the body

The nervous system carries information from the brain to

xi. Nervous system other body parts.

The immune system provides the body protection from

xii. Immune system infections or diseases.

The urinary system removes liquid waste from the blood to

xiii. Renal system keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the
blood.

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 4. Briefly explain the basic functions of the following sensory organs.

Sensory organs Function

• Receives, focuses and transmits light that helps us see

i. Eyes (vision)

Include its two main functions.

ii. Ears a. • Receives sound waves (hearing)
b. • Maintains balance (equilibrium)

• Helps in: • Tasting • Chewing • Swallowing • Speech

iii. Tongue

• Allows air to enter the body • Filters debris • Primary

iv. Nose organ for smelling

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 5. Identify the parts of the heart shown in the diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Superior vena cava [2] Aorta

[3] Pulmonary artery [4] Pulmonary vein

[5] Mitral valve [6] Right atrium

[7] Left atrium [8] Pulmonary valve

[9] Tricuspid valve [10] Right ventricle

[11] Left ventricle [12] Aortic valve

[13] Inferior vena cava

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 6. Identify the parts of the respiratory system shown in the diagram
below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Nasal cavity [2] Nostril

[3] Oral cavity [4] Larynx

[5] Right main bronchus [6] Right lung

[7] Pharynx [8] Trachea

[9] Left main bronchus [10] Left lung

[11] Diaphragm

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 7. Identify the parts of the musculoskeletal system shown in the
diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Tendon [2] Epimysium

[3] Endomysium [4] Muscle fiber

[5] Bone [6] Perimysium

[7] Fascicle [8] Blood vessel

[9] Choose an item.

9, Endomysium (the item in no.9 doesn’t let me choose)

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 8. Identify the parts of the skeletal system shown in the diagram
below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Skull [2] Clavicle

[3] Scapula [4] Sternum

[5] Ribs [6] Humerus

[7] Ulna [8] Radius

[9] Carpals [10] Metacarpals

[11] Phalanges [12] Femur

[13] Patella [14] Tibia

[15] Fibula [16] Tarsals

[17] Metatarsals [18] Phalanges

[19] Vertebral column [20] Pelvic girdle

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 9. Identify the parts of the endocrine system shown in the diagram
below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Pinel gland [2] Thalamus

[3] Pituitary gland [4] Thyroid cartilage

[5] Thyroid gland [6] Parathyroid glands

[7] Trachea [8] Adrenal glands

[9] Pancreas [10] Uterus

[11] Ovaries [12] Testes

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 10. Identify the parts of the digestive system shown in the diagram
below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Mouth [2] Liver

[3] Gallbladder [4] Large intestine

[5] Oesophagus [6] Stomach

[7] Pancreas [8] Duodenum

[9] small intestine [10] Anus

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 11. Identify the parts of the urinary system shown in the diagram
below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Kidney [2] Ureter

[3] Bladder [4] Urethra

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 12. Identify the parts of the female reproductive system shown in the
diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Uterine tube [2] Uterus

[3] Ovary [4] Cervix

[5] Vagina [6] Clitoris

[7] Labia minora [8] Labia majora

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 13. Identify the parts of the male reproductive system shown in the
diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Pubic bone [2] Vas deferens

[3] Penis [4] Urethra

[5] Seminal vesicles [6] Bladder

[7] Prostate gland [8] Epididymis

[9] Testis [10] Scrotum

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 14. Identify the parts of the integumentary system shown in the
diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Epidermis [2] Dermis

[3] Fatty tissues [4] Blood vessels

[5] Follicle [6] Oil gland

[7] Sweat gland [8] Melanocyte

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 15. Identify the parts of the lymphatic system shown in the diagram
below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Thymus [2] Liver

[3] Tonsils [4] Spleen

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 16. Identify the parts of the nervous system shown in the diagram
below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Brain [2] Nerves

[3] Digestive tract [4] Spinal cord

[5] Choose an item.

5’ Gangila (the item doesn’t let me choose)

17. Identify the parts of the nerve cell shown in the diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Dendrite [2] Soma

[3] Nucleus [4] Axon

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[5] Myelin Sheath

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 18. Identify the parts of the eye shown in the diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Retina [2] Blood vessels

[3] Fovea [4] Macula

[5] Lens [6] Pupil

[7] Cornea [8] Iris

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 19. Identify the parts of the ear shown in the diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Stapes [2] Semi-circular canals

[3] Vestibular nerve [4] Cochlear nerve

[5] Cochlea [6] Eustachian tube

[7] Round window [8] Tympanic cavity

[9] Tympanic membrane [10] External auditory canal

[11] Malleus [12] Incus

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 20. Identify the parts of the nose shown in the diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Olfactory bulb [2] Mitral cells

[3] Bone [4] Nasal epithelium

[5] Glomerulus [6] Olfactory receptor neurons

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 21. Identify the parts of the tongue shown in the diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Taste buds [2] Taste hair

[3] Taste pore [4] Basal cell

[5] Gustatory cell [6] Transitional cell

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 22. Identify the parts of the renal system shown in the diagram below:

Select your answers from the drop-down lists provided below.

[1] Inferior vena cava [2] Right kidney

[3] Renal artery [4] Ureter

[5] Urinary bladder [6] Urethra

[7] Dorsal aorta [8] Adrenal gland

[9] Left kidney [10] Renal vein

[11] Sphincter Muscle

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 23. Answer the following questions about the interactions of different
body systems and their associated components.

i. Complete the following sentences:

a. The Cardiovascular and Respiratory systems work together to circulate
blood and oxygen in our body.
b. Air moves in and out of the lungs through the trachea, bronchi, and
bronchioles.
c. Blood moves in and out of the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and
veins that connect to the heart.
ii. How is the lymphatic system connected to the immune system?
The lymphatic system is connected to the immune system because it produces,
develops, houses, and distributes leukocytes (white blood cells). Additionally,
lymph nodes filter pathogens and debris from lymph fluid.

iii. Which organ links the endocrine and nervous systems?

The organ that links the endocrine and nervous systems is the hypothalamus.
What does this organ do?
It plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including the release
of hormones from the pituitary gland.

iv. What type of muscle movement does the nervous system control?
The nervous system controls voluntary muscle movement (such as walking,
lifting, or typing).

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 v. How does the integumentary system gather information for the nervous system?
The integumentary system gathers information for the nervous system through
sensory receptors in the skin. These receptors detect touch, pressure,
temperature, and pain.

vi. Complete the following sentences.

a. Bone Marrow found within the interior walls of bones is crucial for the
proper development of the immune system.
b. This also houses stem cells, which are used in the maintenance of the
immune system.

vii. Which body system helps distribute the nutrients absorbed in the digestive
system?
The circulatory system helps distribute the nutrients absorbed in the digestive
system.

viii. Identify three ways in which the kidneys support the blood.
a. Filtration: Removing waste products and excess substances from the
blood.
b. Regulating electrolyte balance: Controlling levels of potassium, sodium,
and other ions.
c. Maintaining fluid balance: Adjusting water levels in the blood.

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ix. Complete the following sentences.
a. Gonads in the reproductive system produce sex hormones that are
responsible for secondary sex characteristics in men and women.
b. Gonads also contribute to the production of sex cells or gametes.
c. Female sex hormones regulate pregnancy, menstrual cycles, and
reproductive processes.

x. Complete the following sentences.

a. The heart pumps blood filled with oxygen through all the parts of our
body, including the kidneys.
b. The kidneys clean the blood, removing waste products and extra water.

xi. Complete the following sentences.

a. The renal and urinary systems help the body to eliminate liquid waste
called urine.
b. These systems keep chemicals, such as potassium and sodium, and water
in balance.

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 24. Briefly explain how our sensory organs send images, sounds, smell,
and taste to the brain.

Sensory organ Explanation

 Our eyes are the primary organs for sight.

 Light entering the eyes activates light-sensing cells
in the back of the eye.
 These cells include two types: rods (for low-light
i. Eyes vision) and cones (for color perception).
 Rods and cones send electrical signals to the brain
through the optic nerve.
 The brain then transforms these signals into visual
images

 Sounds enter our bodies through the outer ears,

which act like funnels.
 The ear canal directs sound waves to the eardrum.
 Vibrations from the eardrum shift small bones in
the middle ear.
 These bones transmit vibrations to the cochlea, a
snail-shaped structure in the inner ear.
ii. Ears  The cochlea contains liquid that moves in response
to vibrations.
 Hair cells within the cochlea respond to different
sound frequencies.
 Their motion triggers electrical signals sent via the
auditory nerve to the brain, which interprets the
sounds.

 Smell, also known as olfaction, detects scent

molecules in the air.
 These molecules bind to specific receptors in the
iii. Nose nose or mouth.
 Receptor cells send electrical signals down the
olfactory nerve to the brain, allowing us to perceive
smells.

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  Taste buds on the tongue detect chemicals in food.
 When stimulated, taste buds transfer signals to
nerve fibers.
 These impulses travel along cranial nerves to taste
iv. Tongue regions in the brainstem.
 From there, the signals are relayed to the thalamus
and a specific area of the cerebral cortex, making
us conscious of taste perceptions.

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Part B. Body Functions and Processes

1. Answer the following questions about how we maintain body

temperature.

i. Which part of the brain helps control body temperature?

The part of the brain that helps control body temperature is the hypothalamus.
How does it help in maintaining body temperature?
It acts as the central control centre for thermoregulation. When the
hypothalamus detects changes in body temperature, it produces hormones that
alter body responses to heat or cold. For example: - In response to heat, it
triggers sweating, dilates blood vessels (vasodilation), and increases metabolism.
- In response to cold, it initiates shivering, constricts blood vessels
(vasoconstriction), and decreases metabolism.

ii. Complete the following sentence:

When exposed to hot conditions, sweating is one of the primary methods your
body uses to maintain its temperature.

iii. How does ageing affect our ability to maintain or regulate body temperature?
Ageing can affect our ability to regulate body temperature due to changes in skin
thickness, reduced sweat gland function, and altered blood vessel
responsiveness.

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iv. Complete the following sentence:
Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat. It occurs when our sweat glands don’t
function properly.

v. List three examples of conditions that may cause anhidrosis.

a. Heatstroke
b. Certain medications
c. Nerve damage affecting sweat glands

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 2. Answer the following questions about how we regulate fluid and
electrolyte balance.

i. Complete the following sentence:

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs and are essential for regulating the
fluid and electrolyte composition of the body.

ii. How does the organ you identified in Question i help maintain pH (acid-base)
balance in the body? List two ways.
a. Excreting hydrogen ions (acidic) when blood pH is too low (acidosis).
b. Reabsorbing bicarbonate ions (basic) when blood pH is too high (alkalosis).

iii. What is considered a normal blood pH level? Provide the range:

7.35 to 7.45

iv. List two factors associated with ageing that may affect this organ’s ability to
maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
a. Reduced kidney mass
b. Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

v. Respiratory acidosis is caused by the lungs not being able to remove enough
carbon when you exhale. List two examples of conditions that may lead to
respiratory acidosis.
a. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
b. Hypoventilation

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 3. Complete the sentences below regarding how our body eliminates
waste from our body.

i. The digestive system is a passive biological system that removes excess and
unnecessary materials from the body so as to help maintain health and prevent
damage.

ii. The main organs involved in waste management are the liver, kidneys, intestines,
lungs, and skin.

iii. The liver is a vital organ with a wide range of functions, including detoxification,
protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.

iv. The skin has sweat glands that secrete a fluid waste called perspiration or sweat.

v. The lungs diffuse gaseous wastes, such as carbon dioxide, from the bloodstream
as a normal part of respiration.

vi. The final step in digestion is the elimination of undigested food content and waste
products.
After food passes through the small intestine, the undigested food material enters
the large intestine, where most of the water is reabsorbed.

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 4. Answer the following questions about how our body maintains
blood pressure.

i. Complete the following sentence:

Our body tries to maintain stable blood pressure through the process of
baroreceptor reflex.

ii. What is systolic and diastolic pressure?

Pressure Explanation

The pressure of the blood during the heart contraction

Systolic
(systole)

The pressure of the blood when the heart is at rest

Diastolic between
heartbeats (diastole)

iii. List the three factors that can affect blood pressure.
a. Cardiac Output
b. Peripheral resistance
c. Blood viscosity

iv. How does ageing affect our ability to maintain blood pressure?
Ageing affects blood pressure due to changes in blood vessel elasticity and
overall cardiovascular health.

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 5. Answer the following questions about how our body protects itself
against infections.

i. Complete the following sentences:

a. A keratin, a protein inside skin cells, makes up the skin cells and, along
with other proteins, sticks together to form the protective barrier.
b. The intact skin keeps bacteria and germs from entering the body and
causing infections.

ii. How do white blood cells fight infection?

White blood cells fight infection through phagocytosis, antibody production, and
immune responses.

iii. True or false:

Fever is an immune system response, and a rise in temperature can kill some
microbes within the body.
Tick the box that corresponds to your answer.
✘ True
False

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\
Part C. Maintaining Health and Wellbeing

1. Complete the sentences below regarding the recommended

amount of physical activity.

i. Adults aged 65 years and above, with the advice of a health professional, should
do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or at least 75
minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity throughout the week.

ii. Those with poor mobility should perform physical activity to enhance balance and
prevent falls, 3 or more days per week.

iii. Muscle-strengthening activities should be done involving major muscle groups, 2

or more days a week.

iv. While there are no formal guidelines for people with disability or chronic
conditions, how they will stay active will depend on their abilities and conditions.

v. People with a disability or chronic conditions are also recommended to try and
meet the physical recommendations for their age group.

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 2. Answer the following questions about passive and active types of
exercises.

i. What is active exercise?

Active exercise involves voluntary muscle contractions performed by the
individual (e.g., walking, cycling, weightlifting)

ii. Which client group/s is active exercise recommended for?

Active exercise is recommended for all client groups, including older adults,
individuals with disabilities, and those with chronic conditions.

iii. What is passive exercise?

Passive exercise refers to movements performed by external forces (e.g., a
therapist moving a patient’s limbs).

iv. Identify one example of passive exercise and who may benefit from this type of
exercise.
Example of passive exercise: Passive range of motion exercises (e.g., moving a
bedridden patient’s joints).
Who may benefit from this type of exercise: This type of exercise benefits
individuals who are unable to move independently due to injury, illness, or
immobility.

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 3. List one way of promoting and maintaining the health and well-
being of older individuals and people with disability in each of the
following areas.

Area One way of promoting and maintaining health and well-

being in this area

 Follow healthy eating habits.  Minimise intake of salt,

saturated fats, and trans fats.  Take vitamins and minerals
i. Nutrition as recommended.  Eat a wide variety of foods from the
five food groups.

 Aim to drink at least six times a day (more during warmer

weather or after exercising).  Avoid drinking caffeinated
ii. Hydration drinks and alcohol.  Eat water-rich foods (e.g. cucumber
and spinach).

 Ensure skin is cleansed, dried thoroughly, and moisturised

daily.  Use pressure redistributing seating cushions for
iii. Skin integrity people with limited mobility to reduce prolonged exposure
to pressure.  Use non-soap cleansers with a pH close to
5.5.

 Encourage incidental or physical activities that occur as

part of the person’s regular daily activities (e.g. walking to
iv. Movement the toilet, dressing, and eating meals out of bed).  Follow
an exercise program recommended by the doctor that
includes strength, balance, and aerobic exercises.

 Incorporate social interaction into activities (e.g. walking

group exercise activities).  Plan regular visits with family. 
v. Social interaction Join communities and hobby or interest groups (e.g. book
club and volunteering at an animal shelter).

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 4. How are the concepts of nutrition and hygiene related?

 Nutrition and hygiene are closely related because they both play essential roles
in maintaining overall health and well-being.
 Nutrition refers to the intake of nutrients (such as vitamins, minerals, proteins,
and carbohydrates) through food, which is crucial for growth, energy, and bodily
functions.
 Hygiene involves practices that maintain health and prevent disease spread.
Proper hygiene includes activities like handwashing, dental care, and personal
grooming.
 Good nutrition supports a healthy immune system, which in turn helps prevent
infections and diseases.

5. How does poor oral hygiene affect nutrition?

 Poor oral hygiene can significantly affect nutrition in several ways:

o Chewing difficulties: Dental problems (such as missing teeth, cavities, or
gum disease) can make it challenging to chew food properly, leading to
reduced nutrient absorption.
o Pain and discomfort: Oral pain or discomfort can discourage eating,
especially foods that require more effort to chew.
o Digestive issues: Inadequate chewing can affect digestion, as proper
chewing helps break down food for better absorption of nutrients.
o Malnutrition: Chronic dental issues may lead to malnutrition due to
limited food choices and reduced nutrient intake.

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 6. Answer the following questions about exercise and movement and
how ageing and disability affect them.

i. How does ageing affect exercise and movement?

 As people age, joint movement becomes stiffer and less flexible due to decreased
lubricating fluid in joints and thinner cartilage.
 Ligaments also shorten and lose flexibility, leading to stiffness.
 Lack of exercise exacerbates these age-related changes.

ii. How does disability affect exercise and movement?

 People with disabilities can still participate in regular physical activity.
 Consult with healthcare professionals or physical activity specialists to understand
how your disability affects safe exercise.
 Walking, even with assistive devices, is a common form of physical activity for
people with mobility disabilities.

iii. How do illnesses and other conditions restrict one’s daily life?
 Chronic illnesses can limit daily activities, affecting personal needs, grooming, and
social engagement.
 Pain, fatigue, and other symptoms impact daily functioning.
 Chronic conditions may require ongoing medical care, affecting independence and
lifestyle.

iv. How do these restrictions (referred to in the previous question) affect their
exercise and movement?
 Restrictions due to illness affect exercise and movement by limiting physical
abilities, endurance, and coordination.
 Pain, weakness, or cognitive impairments can hinder engagement in regular
physical activity.

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Part D. Health Status and Conditions

1. Identify one example of indicators of issues that must be reported

in relation to each of the following areas.

Area Indicator of issues (Provide one example only)

 Feeling weak or tired  Unplanned weight loss  Eating

only small amounts of food at a time (due to lack of ability
i. Malnutrition to chew and swallow)

 Not urinating frequently  Dry, sticky mouth 

Unexplained tiredness  Dark-coloured urine
ii. Dehydration

 Unplanned weight loss  Constipation  Loss of appetite

iii. Weight regulation

 Dental infections, cavities or periodontitis  Toothache

 Bad breath
iv. Oral health

 Refusing to eat or having no desire to eat, not feeling

hungry at all  Unintentional or unplanned weight loss
v. Appetite
regulation

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 Area Indicator of issues (Provide one example only)

 Pain while swallowing or inability to swallow 

Regurgitation  Drooling  Hoarseness
vi. Dysphagia

 Back pain  Stooped posture  Bone breaking more

easily than expected  Loss of height over time
vii. Bone health issues

 Cramps  Bloating and gas  Stomach pain or nausea

viii. Food intolerance

 Increasing confusion or poor judgement  Greater

memory loss  Significant personality and behaviour
ix. Dementia changes  Wandering

 Forgetfulness, losing train of thought  Having trouble

speaking coherently  Having trouble finding their way
x. Cognitive changes around familiar environments

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 2. How does ageing affect the following areas?

Area How it is affected by ageing

Ageing brings about bladder and bowel changes which can

affect their functioning. As a person ages, their bladder has
i. Continence and increased involuntary bladder contractions and
bowel health incontinence at night. Their bowel has less anal sensation,
and their stool tends to be softer. These can lead to
incontinence or loss of bladder and bowel control.

As a person ages, they may become more vulnerable to

malnutrition due to loss of appetite, difficulty chewing and
ii. Malnutrition swallowing, and intake of more prescription medicines.

The kidneys may not work as effectively with age. This could
lead to fluid imbalance in the body. Since the body has less
water composition as the person ages, they become
iii. Dehydration
dehydrated much faster than when they were younger.
Diuretic medicines also increase the risk of dehydration in
older adults.

As the person ages, the mouth also changes — the nerves in

the teeth become smaller, making the teeth not as sensitive
to cavities and other problems. Bone and muscle loss are
iv. Oral health
also inevitable with age, leading to gum recession. Severe
cases of gum recession can cause teeth to loosen and
ultimately fall out.

Age-related changes include changes to the head and neck

anatomy and physiology. Muscles for swallowing decrease
v. Dysphagia in strength and mobility, leading to difficulties in chewing,
moving food inside the mouth, and swallowing.

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 Area How it is affected by ageing

As a person ages, their bone structure changes, resulting in

the loss of bone tissue. Having low bone mass means the
vi. Bone health bones are weaker, increasing the risk of breaks from bumps
or falls. Lifestyle and age-related factors, such as decreased
physical activity, can also lead to bone wastage.

As the digestive system ages, it becomes more difficult to

break down and process foods, and because of this, it is
vii. Food intolerance possible to develop food intolerances later in life.

As skin ages, it becomes thinner and less elastic, losing its

moisture (making it more vulnerable to splitting and
cracking). It also loses its cushioning layer of subcutaneous
fat. This makes the skin of older people more vulnerable to
damage, including wounds, skin tears, and pressure
viii. Skin integrity and injuries. Older people who are frail and who spend a lot of
wounds their time in bed (hospital beds) become vulnerable to
pressure injuries. Since older people have lower skin
integrity, when there is prolonged pressure, shear and/or
friction to the skin or tissue over a bony prominence, such
as the sacrum and spine, they develop pressure injuries or
bed ulcers on these sites.

ix. Pressure point  As people age, their skin becomes thinner and less
injuries elastic, and they lose subcutaneous fat, which
provides cushioning.
 Older adults, especially those who are bedridden or
have limited mobility, are at higher risk for pressure
point injuries.
 These injuries, also known as pressure ulcers or
bedsores, occur when prolonged pressure, shear, or
friction is applied to the skin over bony
prominences, such as the sacrum, hips, heels, and
elbows.
 Preventing pressure point injuries involves regular

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 repositioning, using pressure-relieving devices, and
maintaining good skin hygiene and nutrition.

Even though dementia should not normally be a part of

ageing, age is one of the risk factors for dementia. The risk
for dementia rises as the person ages, especially after age
x. Dementia
65. Other lifestyle-related factors such as diet and exercise,
excessive alcohol use, cardiovascular diseases, and smoking
over time could also lead to increased risks of dementia.

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 Area How it is affected by ageing

Cardiovascular health:
 As people age, the cardiovascular system undergoes
changes that can affect heart function and blood
circulation.
 Blood vessels may become stiffer and less elastic,
leading to increased blood pressure (hypertension).
 The heart muscle may weaken, reducing its
xi. Area efficiency in pumping blood.
 These changes increase the risk of cardiovascular
diseases such as heart attacks, strokes, and heart
failure.
 Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular
exercise and a balanced diet, can help mitigate
these effects.

Age-related life stressors such as ongoing loss of capacities

and decline in functional abilities, bereavement, and a drop
in socioeconomic status (with retirement) can lead to
xii. Mental health
isolation, loneliness, and psychological distress. These can
increase the risk of developing mental health illnesses like
depression and anxiety

3. How does having a disability affect the following areas?

Area How it is affected by ageing

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 People with disabilities find it more difficult to eat healthily
and maintain a healthy weight. Reasons may be a lack of
i. Weight regulation healthy food choices, medications that contribute to weight
gain, lack of energy, and no access to accessible
environments such as physical activities.

People with disabilities can find it difficult to regulate their

appetite. This may be due to a lack of healthy food choices
ii. Appetite and medications that contribute to changes in appetite.
regulation

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 4. Describe how physical illnesses and conditions affect different areas
of a person’s wellbeing.

Area How physical illnesses and conditions affect this area

It is common for people with physical illnesses and other

conditions to experience grief, anger and frustration. It is
i. Emotional common to feel angry about sudden changes in their
wellbeing lifestyle, and they often feel misunderstood by others who
do not have the same limitations. While these emotions are
normal, physical symptoms and associated emotions can
add to a person’s psychological stress.

People with physical illnesses and other conditions are likely

to develop mental health issues because, at times, physical
illnesses and conditions are associated with abnormal levels
ii. Mental wellbeing
of hormones and neurotransmitters and increased stress.
These factors lead to an increased risk for depression,
anxiety, and other mental health issues.

5. As a support worker, how can you recognise physical and mood

changes that are not normal for the person?

Changes How to recognise these changes

Physical changes: - Observation: Look for visible signs such

as weight loss, changes in skin color, swelling, or unusual
i. Physical changes bruises. - Mobility: Notice any changes in the person’s
ability to move, such as difficulty walking or changes in
posture. - Appetite: Monitor changes in eating habits, such
as loss of appetite or difficulty swallowing. - Hygiene: Pay

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 Mood changes: - Behavior: Observe changes in behavior,
such as increased irritability, withdrawal from social
interactions, or unusual aggression. - Communication:
Listen for changes in the way the person communicates,
such as speaking less, changes in tone, or expressing
ii. Mood changes feelings of sadness or anxiety. - Sleep patterns: Notice any
changes in sleep habits, such as insomnia or excessive
sleeping. - Emotional responses: Pay attention to how the
person responds emotionally to different situations, looking
for signs of depression, anxiety, or mood swings.

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 6. Answer the following questions about pain and discomfort.

i. List three ways people may respond to pain and discomfort.

a. Verbal expressions: Complaining, moaning, or crying out.
b. Non-verbal cues: Grimacing, clenching fists, or restlessness.
c. Behavioral changes: Withdrawal from activities, changes in appetite, or
increased irritability.

ii. List three ways you can effectively communicate with people who are in pain and
discomfort.
a. Active listening: Show empathy and understanding by listening attentively
to their concerns.
b. Clear communication: Use simple and clear language to explain what is
happening and what can be done to help.
c. Reassurance: Provide comfort and reassurance, letting them know that
their pain is being taken seriously and that help is available.

iii. How does ageing affect a person’s pain and discomfort?

Ageing can lead to chronic conditions such as arthritis, which can cause persistent
pain. - Older adults may have a reduced pain threshold and may experience pain
differently. - Cognitive decline can affect how pain is perceived and
communicated.

iv. How does disability affect a person’s pain and discomfort?

- Disabilities can lead to chronic pain due to muscle strain, joint issues, or nerve
damage. - Limited mobility can result in pressure sores or muscle stiffness,
causing discomfort. - Communication barriers may make it difficult for individuals
with disabilities to express their pain.

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v. Complete the following sentence:
Pain assessment tool: The FLACC scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is
for the measurement of pain in people who cannot verbalise.

vi. The Wong-Baker FACES Pain rating scale was developed for young people to help
them communicate how much pain they are feeling.
Indicate the level of pain for each face provided below.

0 2 4

No Pain Mild Pain Moderate Pain

6 8 10

Severe Pain Very Severe Pain Worst Possible Pain

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 7. Briefly explain how each of the following common diseases affects
body functioning.

Disease How they affect body functioning

If not addressed immediately, this can lead to impaired

i. Coronary heart body functions. The worst result would be death.
disease

Depending on the severity, diabetes can cause any or a

combination of the following:  Kidney failure  Blindness
ii. Diabetes  Heart failure  Heart disease  Stroke  Nerve failure It
can also lead to the removal of limbs due to severe
complications.

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 8. Explain how poor oral hygiene can affect a person’s quality of life.

 Physical Health: Poor oral hygiene can lead to dental issues such as cavities, gum
disease, and tooth loss. These conditions can cause pain, discomfort, and
difficulty eating, which can affect overall nutrition and health
 Emotional Well-being: Dental problems can lead to bad breath, tooth
discoloration, and missing teeth, which can cause embarrassment and low self-
esteem. This may result in social anxiety and avoidance of social interactions
 Overall Health: Poor oral health has been linked to serious health conditions
such as heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections. Bacteria from the
mouth can enter the bloodstream and affect other parts of the body

9. List three signs to look out for to recognise oral pain in your clients.

i. Swollen or bleeding gums: this can indicate gum disease or infection

ii. Increase saliva or drooling: this may be a response to oral discomfort or pain

iii. Avoidance of certain foods: clients may avoid hard, cold, or hot food due to
sensitivity in their mouth

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Part E. Different Types of Disabilities

1. Briefly describe each type of disability listed below.

Type of disability Description

These are disabilities that may temporarily or permanently

affect a person’s physical capacity and mobility.
i. Physical disability

These conditions affect the ability to perform one or more

mental tasks. These include but are not limited to problems
ii. Cognitive disability
with reading text, memory, problem-solving, and staying
focused (attention span).

It is a developmental disorder characterised by intelligence

iii. Intellectual limitations and difficulty with daily living skills.
disability

It is a disability that may arise from a mental health issue

iv. Psychosocial (NSW Ministry of Health, 2018). It results from someone
disability with a mental health condition interacting with a social
environment that may present barriers to their inclusion and
participation.
This interferes with a person’s ability to hear and, in severe
v. Hearing cases, prevents a person from hearing and distinguishing
impairment sounds.

It includes communication disorders and impairments

involving hearing, fluency, and the ability to articulate
vi. Vision impairment
words.

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Part F. Working in Allied Health

1. List four steps to follow when working with multidisciplinary health

professionals to implement individualised plans.

i. Review the client’s individualised care plan.

ii. Seek the client’s doctor’s referral.

iii. Reach out to a multidisciplinary health professional.

iv. Implement service delivery according to the help of a multidisciplinary health

professional.

2. Briefly explain what each of the following medical terminologies

means.

Medical terminology Explanation

A wound caused by superficial damage to the skin and no

i. Abrasion deeper than the epidermis

The heart or pertaining to the heart

ii. Cardi- or cardio-

The medical term for headache; pain anywhere in the

iii. Cephalgia region of the head or neck

Also called a bruise, a type of hematoma of tissue where

iv. Contusion the capillaries and venules are damaged by trauma

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 Medical terminology Explanation

Having or showing symptoms of a fever

v. Febrile

Infectious agents (or anything that can produce a disease),

vi. Pathogen such as viruses, bacterium and fungus

3. Complete the table below by:

 Spelling out each medical abbreviation listed below, or
 Briefly explaining what each medical abbreviation means.

Abbreviation What is this? What is stands for?

A blood test used to assess Complete blood count

i. CBC overall health and detect a
wide range of disorders.

Infection of one or more Urinary tract infection

ii. UTI organs in the urinary tract

The process of identifying a Diagnosis

iii. Dx disease based on signs,
symptoms, and tests.

Prediction of the outcome Prognosis

iv. Px of a disease

Also referred to as the Upper respiratory infection

v. URI common cold

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Record of Assessment (Assessor’s Use
Only)
RECORD OF ASSESSMENT

Candidate’s Name

RTO Name

RTO Contact Number

RTO Email Address

Assessor’s Name

Unit of Competency CHCCCS041 – Recognise healthy body systems (Release 1)

Knowledge Assessment – Part A S NYS

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Knowledge Assessment – Part A S NYS

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Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

Question 21

Question 22

Question 23

Question 24

Knowledge Assessment – Part B S NYS

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Knowledge Assessment – Part C S NYS

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Knowledge Assessment – Part D S NYS

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Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Knowledge Assessment – Part E S NYS

Question 1

Knowledge Assessment – Part F S NYS

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Practical Assessment

Case Study S NYS

Task 1.1.1

Task 1.1.2

Task 1.2.1

Task 1.2.2

Task 1.2.3

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Case Study S NYS

Task 2.1

Task 2.2

Task 2.3

Task 2.4

Workplace Assessment S NYS

Task 1

Task 2

Rules of Evidence S NYS

All knowledge and skills evidence submissions are valid

All knowledge and skills evidence submissions are authentic

All knowledge and skills evidence submissions are sufficient

All knowledge and skills evidence submissions are current

Signature Authentication Checklist

This checklist will guide you in authenticating the signatures provided by the candidate in their
assessment workbook and evidence submissions.
Read each checklist item and tick the box only if you confirm that the item is a true and accurate
reflection of the signature authentication you have conducted.

Checklist Completed

I have checked the signature provided by the candidate in the Assessment

Workbook Cover Sheet against the signature they provided to the Training
Provider.

I confirm the signature provided by the candidate in the Assessment Workbook

Cover Sheet matches the signature they provided to the Training Provider.

I confirm ALL signatures provided by the candidate in their evidence submissions

match the signature they provided to the Training Provider.

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 Third-Party Verification Log
Instructions for the Assessor:
You are required to contact all third-party personnel involved in the candidate’s assessment to
verify the candidate’s performance and evidence submissions and to confirm with them whether the
candidate’s evidence submissions are true and accurate.
Complete this Third-Party Verification Log to document your completion of this process. When
completing this log, provide all of the following required information for each third-party personnel:
 Name of third-party personnel contacted
 Role in the candidate’s assessment (e.g. workplace supervisor, observer, or candidate)
 Contact details (phone number or email address)
 Date contacted
You must also confirm that third-party personnel have verified the candidate’s evidence
submissions are true and accurate.

Name of Third- Role in the Contact Date Third-Party verifies

party Candidate’s Details (Phone contacted evidence submissions
Contacted Assessment number or of the candidate are
email address) true and accurate?

Yes No
Assessor’s Notes

Yes No
Assessor’s Notes

Yes No
Assessor’s Notes

Yes No
Assessor’s Notes

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Overall Result for the Relevant Workbook/s Satisfactory Not yet
satisfactory

Assessment Workbook

Overall Result for this Unit of Competency Competent Not yet

competent
IMPORTANT: To be deemed competent in the following unit of
competency, the candidate must be marked Satisfactory in all
the relevant workbook/s listed above.

CHCCCS041 - Recognise healthy body systems (Release 1)

Assessor’s comments/feedback

Assessor Declaration
I declare that the results recorded in this Record of Assessment are true and accurate.

Assessor’s name Assessor’s signature

Date signed

End of Record of Assessment (For the Assessor’s Use Only)

End of Document

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