Maxwell Labs Desktop SMT Ultra Manual

1. Preparation
1.1. Module Installation
1.1.1. Power Cable & Vacuum Pump &USB Cable 1.1.2. E-Feeder Tape Bracket

1.2. Equipment Structure

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2. Software Intro
2.1. Download
https://app.smtez.com/smtez.exe

2.2. Basic knowledge

Single Board：A single board is a physical entity composed of a PCB and the

A single board is a physical entity composed of a PCB and the

components placed on it. Software supports placing components on both sides of the
circuit board, referred to as the top and bottom.
CSV Coordinate File: Export the coordinate file (.CVS) from PCB design software and
import it into the placement software, supporting AD, Kicad, LCEDA (Lichuang EDA),
Allegro, etc. Other software formats can be submitted for adaptation.
Panelization: Multiple PCBs assembled together are referred to as panelization.
PCB Origin: When using EDA tools to create PCB files, a reference point must be
specified within the PCB outline.
Datum: Also called a MARK point, this is a small mark on the PCB or panel that helps
machines accurately locate the PCB or panel. Datum points are usually small circular
pads with a large prohibited area that is not coated with solder paste.
Component: A component is a specific part placed on the board, typically
synonymous with the manufacturer's part number. Two components with different
values are considered different. For example, a 10k 0603 resistor is different from a
22k 0603 resistor. Each part is assigned a package.
Package: The package describes the physical attributes of a component, such as
length and width, and the space it occupies. Many components share the same
package. Examples include 0603 resistors, 0603 capacitors, SOIC-8, TQFP-32, etc. The
package primarily serves two purposes in this software: 1. Specify the nozzle model
used. 2. Specify dimensions for visual assembly of larger components.
Crosshairs: Crosshairs or other shapes overlaid in the camera window help visualize
the center of the image. They can also display rulers or any arbitrary shape
representing physical dimensions.
Bottom Vision: Bottom vision refers to the upward-facing camera that automatically
inspects parts using computer vision before placing them, enhancing placement
accuracy.

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Top Vision: Top vision is the downward-facing camera mounted on the head, used to
identify datum points and visually locate component positions on the feeder.
Feeder: Also known as a feeder, this hardware supplies components. The machine
supports automatic feeders, cut short material tapes, visual loose components, and
tray feeding. You can also build other types of feeders.
Head: The head is the part of the machine that moves in the X and Y directions. It has
a nozzle and a top vision camera.
N1 & N2 Nozzles: These are parts of the machine that descend to pick up
components (N1 and N2). The actual contact part for picking up components is the
nozzle, which is a common source of confusion. The head can hold multiple nozzles.
Nozzle: Different sizes of components correspond to different types of nozzles, which
can be specified through the package.
Z Height: Typically refers to the distance from the nozzle to the target. This can be
measured by moving the nozzle close to and contacting the target, then checking the
Z value in the lower-left status bar; this value must be negative.
Component Thickness: The height of components can be obtained using calipers or
data sheets.
PCB Origin: When designing a PCB, a PCB origin must be specified; this point serves
as a relative reference for exporting CSV coordinates.
Mechanical Origin: This is the mechanical reference point for the entire machine. All
machine coordinates are referenced from it, so do not alter this position. The machine
will automatically calibrate this point upon startup.
Nozzle Diameter: Refers to the physical diameter of the nozzle, which can be
measured using the inner or outer diameter.
Nozzle Recognition Range: Refers to the maximum allowable deviation of the nozzle
from the center of the crosshairs; this value should not be too large to avoid
misidentification.
Coordinate System: This placement machine uses a right-handed coordinate system,
also employed in physics, mathematics, 3D graphics, and many CAD software
packages. For a formal definition of this coordinate system, refer to Wikipedia. In this
system, we stand above the machine and look down. The X-axis moves left and right
(left is negative), the Y-axis moves forward and backward (backward is positive), the
Z-axis moves up and down (up is positive), and the C-axis or rotation axis rotates
clockwise and counterclockwise (counterclockwise is positive).

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2.3. Motion Control

Red: Currently controlled nozzle
Blue: Direction of movement
Yellow: Distance moved with a single click
Green: Speed of movement

2.4. Page Intro

2.4.1.1. PCB Page

1) Import and add PCB boards

2) Merge multiple PCB boards at the current position
3) Export the currently selected PCB file (backup file or transfer between multiple
computers)
4) Delete the currently selected PCB file
5) Enter the calibration page
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6) Reset the current PCB to the initial data

7) Preview the 2D component position diagram. You can quickly locate the
component by double-clicking the image (the premise is that the PCB position
needs to be calibrated first)
8) Whether to start the current PCB file. When using the layout, you can use this
button to disable a file in the layout
9) Set the number of layouts and PCB spacing
10) Switch the mounting surface of the PCB, top layer/bottom layer

1) Create a new component. You can manually add and create new component
information
2) Copy the currently selected component information
3) Delete the currently selected component
4) Start mounting the currently selected single or multiple components, usually used
to test whether a component is mounted normally
5) Continuously jump the top vision to the center of the next component. You can
use this button to observe whether the component position is accurate
6) Check the component and jump to the feeder page of the component
7) Check the component and jump to the package page of the component
8) Check the component and create a feeder for the component
9) Check the component and create a package for the component
10) Check the component, align the cross cursor of the top camera with the desired
placement point, and click the icon to modify the coordinates of the component
(the component mounting position will change after modification)
11) Problem check page, check all problems in the file
2.4.1.2. Part Page
2.4.1.2.1. Feeder
2.4.1.2.1.1. E-Feeder
Applicable range Cons
The advantage is accurate feeding and The downside is that loading is slightly slower,
no need for frequent material changes. attention is needed for the tension of the peeling

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film, and plastic-taped components require spacers.

1. Select component information

1.1 --- ---If the package of this component does not exist, you can create it by
clicking the button. The significance of the package is very important in order to
be able to use the nozzle model correctly and correctly identify the component.

1.2 --- ---Test whether the nozzle can pick up the components correctly and
whether the bottom camera can correctly identify the components
2. Set the coordinates of the component to be picked up. You can set the
coordinates by obtaining the position of the camera or nozzle.
3. The distance between components in the tape is usually determined by observing
how many tape holes correspond to one component. For example:

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4. Use count to count the number of pushes

5. Manually control the feeder to move forward and backward (need to set the ID
number before use)

6. Fill in the feeder ID number。Obtain ID

7. The default value is sufficient and usually does not need to be modified.
8. The default value is sufficient and usually does not need to be modified.
9. When the component is too large, the feeding is slow and cannot be sucked
normally, you can set the waiting time here.

10. test identification components，Test whether the component is recognized

normally
2.4.1.2.1.2. StripFeeder
Applicable range Cons
Suitable for sample boards, 5-20 PCB Only dozens of materials can be placed at a time, and
mounting, no need to judge the polarity of visual parameters need to be adjusted
resistors and capacitors, fast deployment

2.4.1.2.1.3. Tape Bracket

Applicable range Cons
Suitable for sample boards, 5-20 PCB mounting, can mount It needs to be fixed firmly, otherwise
polar components. Also suitable for mounting 24, 32 tape the component may jump out when
components, is a supplement to the automatic feeder the film is removed.

1) Manual import: Import the coordinates of the front and rear tapes according to
the diagram before it can be used normally.
2) Height Z refers to the distance from the nozzle to the component

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2.4.1.2.1.4. Tray
Usually used for chip trays or trays for large components

1) You need to set the coordinates of the three points ABC (component center) and
fill in the correct number of rows and columns to use it normally
2) If the mounting angle is incorrect, you need to change the angle parameter in the
above figure
3) Height Z refers to the distance from the nozzle to the component

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2.4.1.3. Package Page

2.4.1.3.1. Package Creation&Deletion

1) Import package: import an existing package file

Create package: create a blank package
2) Copy package
3) Export package file: usually used for backup or sharing
4) Delete the specified package settings
2.4.1.4. Package Setting
2.4.1.4.1. Basic

Nozzle: Select a nozzle suitable for the package

Component height: The thickness of the component (required)
2.4.1.4.2. General

Mounting Speed: the mounting speed of individual components can be set here,
mainly used for large components to reduce speed and prevent displacement due to
inertia.
Suction Delay: used to increase the time needed to establish vacuum when the
vacuum suction is insufficient.

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Error handling: when the bottom vision judgment does not pick up the components
normally, the machine will perform the throwing action, and then according to the
settings of the implementation of the skip or re-pick up.
2.4.1.4.3. Bottom Vision

Component not detected Correct recognition Recognition result too large

The factors that may lead to the recognition failure mentioned above are primarily
influenced by two parameters: fragment filtering and binarization.
 Fragment Filtering
This refers to small bright spots that do not belong to the component itself. If the
value is too large, it may cause the situation in the first image; if too small, it may
cause the situation in the third image. The filtering should be adjusted in conjunction
with the binarized image to make an accurate judgment.
 Binarization
During the binarization process, a threshold is set so that all pixel gray levels above
the threshold are considered white, while those below are considered black. This
process converts the continuous grayscale changes in the original image into discrete

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black and white, which helps to highlight important features such as edges and lines.
If we drag the slider to the left, more white areas will appear; dragging it to the right
will reduce the white areas. By adjusting it in this manner, we aim to obtain a
binarized image where only the component itself remains white. If small bright spots
cannot be filtered, we can use the fragment filtering mentioned earlier to remove
these features from the final result, achieving the desired outcome where the green
box tightly encloses the entire component outline.
 Length and Width Filtering
This refers to screening out all results outside the set dimensions. The tolerance
range refers to the allowable deviation from the set size.
 Large Component
Some components may exceed the bottom camera's recognition range. In this case,
the feature allows multiple photos of different corners of the large component to be
combined visually, calculating the center of the component.
 Shape Polarity
This can identify the orientation of irregular-shaped components.
 Component Offset
This allows the recognition result to be offset by a fixed value to correct placement
deviations for certain special components.
2.4.1.4.4. Top Vision

This setting is typically used for template matching of MARK points or visual
recognition of bulk materials.

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Align the crosshair with the component to be recognized, and click "Capture Top"
at the top
2.4.1.5. Calibration Page
2.4.1.5.1. Basics

After the PCB is placed on the fixture, the machine cannot determine the exact
position of the PCB. We correct the placement deviation of the PCB by locating
reference points. Reference point calibration is divided into two types: manual and
automatic. Automatic calibration typically uses mark dots or metallized vias, while
higher-level applications can also use silkscreen or square pads. Manual calibration
generally uses diagonal components, with the position manually set for calibration.
The following image shows how to set the calibration method. By selecting the
component type, you can set the component as a manual reference.

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2.4.1.5.2. Page and function introduction

2.4.1.5.3. Automatic calibration⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Board height Z: The distance from the nozzle to the PCB. This value can be measured
by moving the nozzle (must be a negative value)
Origin: Move the camera crosshairs to the PCB origin position, click Get Camera
Position to obtain the coordinates
Scanning range: Scan the maximum radius of the mark point with the camera
crosshairs as the center
Mark is the reference point number we set. The diameter of the reference point needs
to be set for correct recognition. We can also use package recognition for special
shapes or special environments.

2.4.1.5.4. Manual calibration⭐⭐⭐⭐

Move to the center of the reference element we set, then click Get Camera Position,
and then click Apply.

2.4.1.5.5. Origin calibration⭐⭐

Get the PCB origin position and enter an angle to calibrate (not recommended, this
method has large errors)
2.4.1.5.6. Automatic alignment of imposition

First, determine the origin of the first PCB in the upper left corner. When calibrating

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the panel, you only need to select a reference point. The calibration process is to
identify
2.4.1.5.7. Manual calibration of imposition

First determine the origin of the first PCB in the upper left corner, then select a
reference component and set the position of this component in the upper left, upper
right, and lower right PCBs to complete the calibration.

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3. Software Operation

3.1. Import CSV SMT file

Yellow area: Check here to select which file to mount.

Red area: The name of the file we imported. Click here to modify the name.

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Blue area: The top and bottom switching buttons of the file. Select the surface to be
mounted here.

3.2. Calibration PCB

A. Before calibration, you need to know and enter the position of the PCB origin.
B. The PCB must have Design Mark points; otherwise, manual calibration is required.
At least two diagonal points must be selected as references.
C. For manual calibration, you need to select the component to be used from the list
and change its properties to Manual Fiducial.
3.2.1. PCB Auto Calibration
1. Fill in the Mark name, type, and coordinates in the component list or CSV file.

2. Click "Calibrate" on the PCB page.

3. Select auto calibration to

obtain the origin coordinates
and height Z.
4. If the input is correct, Mark
information will appear, and
confirm that its design
diameter is 1mm.
5. Finally, click "Apply."

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3.2.2. PCB Manual Calibration

1. You can use the center of the component or mark as the manual calibration point.
2. Change the component type to Manual Fiducial

3. Obtain the center coordinates of the manual reference points respectively and
Height Z

3.3. PCB Panelization Calibration

3.3.1. Panelization
Fill in the number of rows and columns of the imposition here, X represents the
number of rows, and Y represents the number of columns

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3.3.2. Imposition Calibration

3.3.3. Manual calibration of imposition
Step 1: Select a component as a manual reference, which can be a component, dot, or
via.
Step 2: Open the calibration page and select the origin of the first board in the upper
left corner.
Step 3: Select the position number of the manual reference component.
Step 4: Move to the upper left corner, upper right corner, and lower right corner of
the layout. As shown in the figure below. Click Apply.

3.3.4. Automatic alignment of imposition

Step 1: Select a component as a reference, which can be a component, dot, or via.
Step 2: Open the calibration page and select the origin of the first board in the upper
left corner.
Step 3: Select the reference component number.
Step 4: Enter the diameter of the reference or choose to use a template.
Step 5: Click Apply to All

3.4. Creating a Feeder

3.4.1. Auto Feeder
3.4.1.1. Applicable Scope
Suitable for components on a whole tray, component spacing 2.4.8.12.16.
Components with a tape width of 8mm,12mm, 16mm

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3.4.1.2. Install & Initial

1. Insert the slot into the Rail 2. Tighten the fixing screws 3. Cut a half-hole in the tape

4. Insert the tape into the rear end 5. Align the half-hole with the gear teeth 6. Turn on the bottom switch

7. Press the forward button. 8. Tear off the protective film. 9. Use tweezers to pass the
film under the gear

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10.Loop the film over the spring 11.Press the forward button to rotate the gear,
place the film into the middle of the gear.

12.Tighten the film, completing as shown in the diagram.

If the tape is torn (too tight) or the film cannot be 14.If the components pop out, check if the plastic
peeled off, adjust this screw. Turn clockwise to increase tape is too thin, causing a large gap. The green
the tension and counterclockwise to decrease the pressure plate needs to be clipped onto the metal
tension.
13. Rotate one-sixth of a turn each time, then strip, and press down the metal strip to expose the
press the forward button to test tape to the gear.

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3.4.1.3. Using

1) You can select the component name you want to configure. This will
only be displayed after you import the CSV coordinate file.

2) Define the pick-up location

Get the position of the camera as the material collection coordinate

Get the position of the nozzle as the material picking coordinate (usually used
to get the height)

Move the camera crosshair cursor to align with the component

Move the nozzle to the component position

3) Component spacing - angle
4) Spacing - Set the spacing of components. Usually, the spacing of
components in 8mm tape is 4mm, that is, one hole on the tape corresponds to
one component. In 12 or 16mm tape, there are two, three or even four holes
corresponding to one component. In this case, we use the number of holes X4 =
component spacing. 0402 components have one hole corresponding to two
components, so the component spacing is 2.
5) Angle - Because many packages are not standardized, resulting in
angle mounting errors, you can modify the angle direction after mounting here
6) Feeder ID
7) Feeder address number, referred to as Feeder ID,link
8) You can also press and hold the forward button at the end of the
feeder for 3 seconds and then click the read button to automatically fill in the

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information.
3.4.2. Strip Feeder

3.4.2.1. Applicable Scope

This method can be used when mounting a small number of components at a
time, such as when there is only one or two components on a single board.
3.4.2.2. Using

3.4.3. Vision Bulk Feeder

3.4.3.1. Applicable Scope
Suitable for loose resistors and capacitors without tape or
components without polarity

3.4.3.2. Using
1) Add Vision Bulk Feeder(Looseparts Feeder)
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2) Setup Parameter

1 Component properties

2 The center point of the recognition area

3 Length and width of the recognition area

4 Distance from nozzle to backlight panel

5 No settings required
3.4.3.3. Testing
First click this

Depending on the computer configuration, wait 5-20 seconds. Select the correct result
on the left side of the interface below.

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3.4.4. Tray Feeder

Applicable ScopeSuitable for chip-type components with matrix trays
3.4.4.1. How to use

3.5. Auto Nozzle Change

3.5.1. Introduce
The new head-changing device only takes two minutes to set up. Compared with the
previous generation, the setting time is reduced by 5 times, and the danger is greatly
reduced, but it still needs to be cautious.

⭐ ⭐ ⭐ The nozzle should be calibrated before use to ensure accurate placement with

a deviation of no more than 0.2. This step is very important.

⭐ ⭐ ⭐ Plug and unplug the nozzle by hand. If the nozzle is difficult to fit into the

rotating motor, please do not use the automatic head changer and contact customer
service.

⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ Note:

After enabling automatic head change, never manually plug in or unplug the nozzle. If
you do, be sure to update the nozzle's position information on the software.
Otherwise, a collision may occur. ! ! !

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3.5.2. Install
Use the three screws provided to fix the nozzle holder to the screw holes at the rear.

3.5.3. Software Setting

1.Click Settings on the right side of the software

2.First enter the calibration page, then click on the nozzle holder to import

3：Aim the cross cursor at MARK1 and click to get the camera position.

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4.Aim the nozzle at mark 1 and just touch the board so that the nozzle covers mark 1

5. Click to get the nozzle position

6.Repeat the previous steps, align the cross cursor with mark2, and click to get the
camera position.

7.Move the nozzle to mark 2 and just touch the board so that the nozzle covers mark
2.
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8. Get the position of the nozzle

9.Click Apply in the lower left corner

The above steps can be summarized as, first use the camera to get the general
position, then move the nozzle to the MARK dot to get the exact position, whichever is
the position of the nozzle.

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4. TIPS
4.1. CSV coordinate export
4.1.1. Preparations
1. software default unit is millimeter (mm), so your EDA board software should also be
set to millimeters, rather than mils (mil)
2. components of the drawing package will try to put the center point in the geometric
center rather than PIN1 feet
3. export the CSV file must contain

Designator,Footprint,Mid X,Mid Y,Ref X,Ref Y,Layer,Rotation,Comment 或

“Designator,Footprint,X,Y,Layer,Rotation,Comment

4.1.2. PCB drawing board origin

You must set a PCB origin position and know where that origin is in the PCB. It will be
used when setting the PCB origin position.

Understanding Board Locations：

https://github.com/openpnp/openpnp/wiki/Understanding-Board-Locations

It's usually where two white lines meet

4.1.3. Exporting CSV coordinates

4.1.3.1. AD software export method

The circle below is mandatory

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4.1.3.2. EasyEDA Export

4.2. Common Fault Handling

1) After reset, Z cannot move up and down
Solution: It can move up and down during reset, but it cannot move up and down
after reset because of the protection measure of unsuccessful reset.
2) Nozzle calibration error
a. The nozzle is not in the visual center, and the deviation is too large. Check the
reason why it is not in the visual center, or recalibrate.
b. The nozzle diameter is incorrect. You can try a few more parameters near the
standard value.
c. The recognition range is set too large, resulting in misrecognition. You can reduce
the range value.
3) After clicking forward, the red light of Feeder flashes

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a. The tape is blocked and cannot move forward. Retract the tape and re-feed
b. The gear is stuck in the component

4) 4. Mounting is offset or rotated

a. Individual component offset

Check that the visual image is correct. （The green frame just wraps the component

and cannot be too big or too small)

b. Overall component offset

Performing placement offset calibration

c. Component rotation angle error

1. Modify the component angle on the component feeder settings page

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2.Open the component's package page → General → Uncheck the box for width

and height as direction.

5) Frequent overall disconnection of the USB

a. Check if the USB interface is loose.
Replace the computer interface.
b. Poor-quality USB extension cable.
Use a cable with pure copper shielding.
c. Purchase a separate USB power supply filter module.

4.3. Feeder ID
Each electric feeder has a unique address number, which is used to communicate
with the host computer software. As shown in the figure, the feeder has three
material positions. The address numbers corresponding to each feeder are, from left
to right,571 572 573
QR codes are used to quickly and automatically create visual identification marks for
feeders

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4.4. Machine Maintenance

X-axis synchronous belt tension adjustment
1. Loosen the fixing screw
2. Use a socket wrench to tighten the nut. Be careful not to tighten the timing belt too
much to prevent the motor from being overloaded

Y-axis synchronous belt tension adjustment

1. Open the black plastic cover on the front of the machine
2. Loosen the screws under the feeder rail
3. Insert the socket into the round hole and rotate the nut

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4.5. Nozzle Specifications

Samsung nozzle

Sort Name Applicable Component OD(mm) ID(mm)

CN30 0201 0402 0.4 0.2

CN040 0402 0603 0.7 0.4

CN065 0603 0805 SOT23 1.2 0.6

Nozzle
CN100 0603 0805 1206 SOT23 1.5 1.0
(Samsung)

CN 140 1206 SOP8 SMA cap 2.2 1.1

CN220 SOP8 SOP16 SMA CAP QFP32 3.6 2.2

CN400 SOP16 QFP32 QFP64 QFP100 QFP 144 6.2 4.0

4.6. Mark Point Specifications

Mark points also called Reference Points. They provide a common measurable point
for all steps in the assembly process, ensuring that each device used in the assembly
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can accurately position the circuit pattern. Therefore, Mark points are crucial for SMT
production. The PCB must have a corresponding Mark point for overall positioning
along the diagonal of the long edge of the board. For chips with an integrated circuit
pin center distance of less than 0.65mm, there should be a pair of corresponding
Mark points on the diagonal of the long edge of the integrated circuit. When there are
components on both sides of the PCB, Mark points should be added to both sides
according to this specification.

Mark Vacant Area

1. Shape: It is recommended that the Mark point be marked as a solid circle with a
diameter of D=1.0m;
2. A complete MAR point includes: Mark point (or feature point) and empty area
3. Position: The Mark point is located at the relative position of the diagonal on the
single board or the panel and is separated as far as possible; it is best to be
distributed at the longest diagonal position (as shown in the MAR point position
diagram)
4. To ensure the requirements of mounting accuracy,4. Quantity requirements: Each
PCB must have at least two MAR points that meet the design requirements and can be
recognized by the machine.
5. When panelizing, the relative position of the MAR point of each single board must
be the same. The position of the MAR point on any single board in the panel cannot
be moved for any reason

6. The MAR point (edge of the open area) must be ＞5.0mm away from the edge of

the PC (the minimum spacing requirement for the machine to clamp the PC) (as
shown in the MAR point position diagram).

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