GENDER AND SOCIETY - international bill of rights of women

by the United Nations General

LEGAL BASIS Assembly
- consist of preamble and 30 articles
CHED Memo no. 1, s. 2015
defines what constitutes
- Establishes Policies and Guidelines - discrimination against women sets
on Gender and Development (GAD) up an agenda for national action to
in the Commission on Higher end such discrimination
Education (CHED) and Higher - CEDAW adopted by the UN General
Education Institutions (HEIs) Assembly in 1979, entered into force
- Specifies oversight and monitoring on September 3, 1981
functions of CHED to recognize and - Defines discrimination against
assess Gender Role Conflicts women and sets an agenda for
(GRCs) among HEIs with expertise national action to end such
in GAD discrimination
- Aims to introduce and
CEDAW PRINCIPLES
institutionalize gender equality and
gender responsiveness in Philippine  Non-discrimination integral to
Higher Education equality concept
- Recognizes and protects the rights of  State obligation includes respect,
individuals with respect to their protection, promotion, and
sexual orientation fulfillment of human rights
- Acknowledges the right of all  Substantive equality seeks to
individuals to express themselves in eliminate discrimination at
a manner consistent with their individual, institutional, and
fundamental human rights systemic levels

CONVENTION ON THE
ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF
Rationale and Mandates of CHED Memo
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST
no. 1, s. 2015
WOMEN (CEDAW)
Philippines' Obligations under the UN
ARTICLE 1: Definition of discrimination
Convention on the Elimination of all
against women
Forms of Discrimination Against Women
(CEDAW) - Discrimination against women
includes any distinction, exclusion or
- Signed by the Philippines on July 15,
restriction that affects women's
1980, and ratified on August 5, 1981
enjoyment of political, economic,
- Obligates pursuing and
social, cultural, civil or any other
implementing programs for women's
rights on an equal basis with men.
empowerment and gender equality
ARTICLE 2: Policy measures and loans. It shall determine and
recommend the amount to be
- States must make laws and allocated for the development
regulations, implement policies and activity involving women.
change practices to eliminate - SECTION 4. Mandate — The
discrimination against women.
NEDA, with the assistance of the
ARTICLE 4: Policy measures National Commission on the Role of
Filipino Women, shall ensure that
- States must make laws and the different government
regulations, implement policies and departments, including its agencies
change practices to eliminate and instrumentalities which, directly
discrimination against women. or indirectly, affect the participation
of women in national development
and their integration therein;
1987 Constitution, Article 2 Section 14 - SECTION 6. Equal Membership in
Clubs
- "The State recognizes the role of - SECTION 7. Admission to Military
women in nation building, and shall Schools
ensure the fundamental equality - SECTION 8. Voluntary PAG-IBIG,
before the law of women and men." GSIS and SSS Coverage
- SECTION 5. Equality in Capacity to
RA 7192
Act — Women of legal age,
- SECTION 9. Implementing Rules — regardless of civil status, shall have
The NEDA in consultation with the the capacity to act and enter into
different government agencies contracts which shall in every
concerned shall issue rules and respect be equal to that of men under
regulations as may be necessary for similar circumstances.
the effective implementation of
Section 2, 3, and 4 of this Act within
six (6) months from its effectivity. Beijing Platform for Action (1995)

- a landmark document for advancing

Implementing Rules and Regulation women‘s rights and gender equality
(1992) worldwide, agreed upon during the
4th World Conference on women in
- SECTION 3. Responsible Agency
1995.
— The National Economic and
- comprehensive blueprint of
Development Authority (NEDA)
commitments supporting the full
shall primarily be responsible for
development of women and their
ensuring the participation of women
equality with men in 12 areas of
as recipients in foreign aid, grants
concern.
 1. women and poverty that "women's rights are human
2. education and training of women rights.
3. women and health - SEC. 5. The State as the Primary
4. violence against women Duty-Bearer –The State, as the
5. women and armed conflict primary duty-bearer, shall:
6. women and the economy a) Refrain from discriminating against
7. women in power and decision- women and violating their rights
making b) Protect women against
8. institutional mechanisms discrimination and from violation of
9. human rights of women their rights by private corporations,
10. women and media entities, and individuals; and
11. women and the environment c) Promote and fulfill the rights of
12. the girl child women in all spheres, including their
rights to substantive equality and
non-discrimination
RA 9710 – Magna Carta of Women
(2009)

- enacted on August 14, 2009 INTRODUCTION TO GENDER AND

- signed into law by President Gloria SEX
Macapagal-Arroyo
- it shall promote empowerment of Sex
women and pursue equal Often assigned at birth
opportunities for women and men
and ensure equal access to resources - Male- penis & testicles
and to development results and - Female- vagina
outcome. - used to refer to the physical
- a comprehensive human rights law differences between men and women
for women that aims to eliminate - refers to the biological characteristics
discrimination by recognizing, or natural biological differences
providing protection and fulfilling between men and women, for
and promoting the rights of Filipino example, the differences in the
women, especially those belonging organs related to reproduction.
to the marginalized sectors of - typically determined by examining
society. your genitals - external organs
- The purpose of the law is to promote associated with reproduction
the skill and talent of every woman - determined by hormones chemicals
and their potential as disciples of (Male - higher level of testosterone;
change and development by Female- higher level of estrogen and
recognizing and accepting the fact progesterone)
 - determined by chromosomes, sex - refers to the cultural, socially
chromosomes (Male - individual set constructed differences between the
of XY sex chromosomes; Female - two sexes
individual set of XX sex
chromosomes)
- Hermaphroditism (from Hermes,
male Greek God and Aphrodite,
female Greek Goddess when the
baby‘s genitals appear to be a
conglomerate of male and female
organs)
- Female during Puberty (Menstrual
Phase, Widening of hips and pelvis,
Enlargement of breasts)
- Male during Puberty (elongation of
vocal chords (lower voice), broader Gender Identity
shoulders, deeper chest cavity,
Sense of who we are
adams apple)
- sense of self
- develops early
Gender - a man, woman, both or neither a man
nor a woman
Masculinity and Femininity - Gender identity isn't about who
- how the child should behave you're attracted to, but about who
- refers to the roles and responsibilities you ARE —male, female,
of men and women that are created genderqueer, etc.
in our families, our societies and our - One's innermost concept of self as
cultures male, female, a blend of both or
- social and cultural construct that neither – how individuals perceive
differentiates females from males themselves and what they call
and thus defines the ways in which themselves.
females and males interact with each - One's gender identity can be the
other same or different from their sex
assigned at birth.
Culture & Standards
 Non-Binary- someone who does not
- how to be a man and a woman
identify as a man or woman
- how they should present themselves
 Transgender- someone who‘s gender
- based on social and cultural setting identity is different from the one they
were assigned at birth.
 a. Transgender woman - a man who is Gender Expression
born but sees or identifies himself as
- how we express ourselves through
a woman
b. Transgender man- a woman who is clothing, actions and even in
born but sees or identifies himself as speaking
- Feminine, Masculine or androgenous
a man
 Cisgender - whose gender matches - Names, pronouns, hair style, and etc.
what they were assigned at birth.

PSYCHOSOCIAL DIMENSION OF
Sexual Orientation SEXUALITY

Attraction to a person Psychology - field of science which

concerns itself with how people think and
- attraction to others feel and how thoughts and feelings interact
- develops later and lead to behavior.
- Sexual orientation is about who
you‘re attracted to and who you feel 3 PSYCHOLOGICAL DOMAIN
drawn to romantically, emotionally, 1. Affect
and sexually.
- An inherent or immutable enduring - affective domain
emotional, romantic or sexual - people‘s emotion/ feelings
attraction to other people.
2. Behavior
-
 Heterosexual- a person attracted to - behavioral domain
the opposite sex - people‘s actions
 Homosexual- a person attracted to
the same sex 3. Cognition
a. Gay - homosexual man who is
- cognitive domain
romantically or sexually attracted to
- peoples thought process such as
other men
memory, perception, and information
b. Lesbian - homosexual woman who is
processing
romantically or sexually attracted to
other women
c. Bisexual - romantic, sexual attraction
towards both male and female  Sexual behavior, gender-related
behaviors originated from what we
sense, think and feel.
 ―Our emotions are valid yet the
behavior we do or show sometimes
aren‘t.‖
  Careful about converstional topics - Other-awareness - sometimes
 Hide feelings and pretend referred to as social or interpersonal
awareness, is the ability to perceive,
understand, and sense the emotions,
needs, goals, thoughts, behaviors,
Sociology – field of science which concerns
itself with human person‘s reality and culture, and perspectives of others in
experiences as part of groups and various social settings.
institutions including the structures and Intimacy and Relationship
functions of these institutions and the
dynamics of human relationship within 1. Relationship - a bond formed
them. between two or more people,
manifested through communication
Social and interaction.
- People acquire and assemble Example of human relationship:
meanings, skills and values from the family, friendship, romantic
people around them relationship and others
- Sources of influence: Religion,
media, culture, politics, 2. Intimacy - process of knowing
socioeconomic status and etc. others and allowing others to know
- us

Psychosocial Dimensions Socialization - process by which we learn

cultural norms and tradition
Awareness - our conscious understanding of
something  as social beings we learn from our
own experiences and from the lesson
1. Self-awareness/ Others-Awareness taught to us by those who have come
2. Relationship and Intimacy before us
3. Socialization  how we behave in relation to other
4. Meaning-making people
 integrating interpretations into our
own choice
Awareness
Meaning making - as rational beings we are
- Self-awareness - is your ability to capable of making sense of our experiences
perceive and understand the things
that make you who you are as an
individual, including your
personality, actions, values, beliefs,
emotions, and thoughts.
  Objective Well-being - is a kind of Heterosexual
well-being which is observed,
- 1901 Dorland‘s Medical Dictionary
outward, and can be valuated
defined heterosexuality as an
through the presence or absence of
―abnormal or perverted appetite
particular
toward the opposite sex.‖
 Subjective Well-being - pertains to
- Merriam Webster‘s dictionary
our own appreciation of how well we
similarly defined it as ―morbid
are. In common term, the closes
sexual passion for one of the
word to also mean subjective well-
opposite sex.‖
being is happiness
- It wasn‘t until 1934 that
Dimensions of Well-being heterosexuality was graced with the
meaning we‘re familiar with today:
The following are just the primary ―manifestation of sexual passion for
dimensions of well-being which we must one of the opposite sex; normal
look into when trying to understand the sexuality.‖
psychosocial condition of a person - Persons who are physically and
emotionally attracted to persons of
- Physical - physical/biological health
- Emotional - positive feelings; mood the opposite sex.
stability; - Heterosexual men are sexually or
- Mental - clarity of mind; healthy romantically attracted to women, and
thought process; heterosexual women are sexually or
- Material - available and adequate romantically attracted to men.
financial and other resources; and - Straight - Colloquial term for
- Social - healthy and positive heterosexual persons
- The prefix “hetero” comes from
interaction and relationship with
others. the Greek word heteros, which
means ―the other (of two), another,
different, second; other than usual.

TYPES OF SEXUALITY Examples of Heterosexual:

Sexuality - is the quality or state of being  Charo Santos

sexual, encompassing a spectrum of sexual  Parker Gundersen
identities. Terms associated with sexuality  Marillyn Hewson
include sexual attraction, which refers to the
desire for physical intimacy, and romantic
attraction, which encompasses emotional
Homosexual
closeness and is not always tied to physical
intimacy. - Persons who are physically and
emotionally attracted to persons of
the same sex.
 - Gay: Colloquial term specifically for Pansexual
homosexual men; also sometimes
- Pansexuality, sexual, emotional,
used as a synonym for ―homosexual‖
Lesbian: Colloquial term and/or romantic attraction toward
specifically for homosexual women others regardless of their sex or
gender identity.
- Psychologists in the 19th and 20th
centuries, most of whom classified - It means you're attracted to anyone
homosexuality as a form of mental (not all the time, though) no matter
what, regardless of their gender
illness, developed a variety of
theories on its origin. identity including cisgender,
transgender, agender and gender-
Examples of Homosexual: nonconforming individuals.

 Ellen DeGenres (Lesbian) Examples of Pansexual:

 Tim Cook (Gay)
 Kyo Quijano
 Danton Remoto (Gay)
 Snooky Serna
 Charice Pempengko/ Jake Zyrus
(Lesbian)
 Anderson Cooper (Gay)
 John Andrei Recalde (Gay) Asexual

- A term used to describe someone

Bisexual who does not experience sexual
attraction toward individuals of any
- Persons who are physically and gender.
emotionally attracted to persons of - not experiencing sexual attraction
both sexes. (the feeling of liking someone
- sexually or romantically attracted to sexually), or relating to people who
people of your own gender and do not experience sexual attraction
people of a different gender
Examples of Asexual:
Examples of Bisexual:
 Tim Gunn
 Michelle Dee  Yasmin Benoit
 Alex Diaz
 Mark Bautista
 Mikey Bustos
SEXUAL HARASSMENT Physical Sexual Harassment

Harassment - Give massage around neck or

shoulders.
- A feeling of intense annoyance - Kissing, patting, pinching in sexual
- Behavior of offensive nature manner.
- Behavior intended to disturb or upset
repetitively Visual Sexual Harassment

Sexual Harassment - looking at someone in sexually

suggestive manner
- It refers to comments, gestures, or - making suggestive gestures
physical contact of sexual nature that - displaying pornography, sexually
are deliberate, repeated and suggestive pictures, cartoons, posters
unwelcomed. - having sexually suggestive software
Sexual Harassment at Workplace on a work or academic computer

- "Unwelcome verbal, visual, or

physical conduct of a sexual nature Types of Sexual Harassment
that is severe and affects working
 Quid Pro Quo Latin "This for
conditions or creates a hostile work
That" - when a person in authority
environment."
such as a manager, supervisor or
- Initially coined in mid 1970 by a
faculty member makes an
group of working women called
unwelcome sexual advance or
"working women united".
request for a sexual favor to an
employee or student and submission
to or rejection of the advance is a
Verbal Sexual Harassment condition of employment or
academic standing.
- Comments of sexual nature about
 Hostile Environment - harassment
weight body shape, size or figure.
consists of unwelcome sexual
- Distribution of graphic or written
misconduct that substantially
materials that are derogatory and are
interferes with work or academic
of a sexual nature etc.
performance or creates a hostile
Non-Verbal Sexual Harassment working or learning environment.

- Licking lips, winking or throwing Causes of Sexual Harassment

kisses.
- Unwelcome flirting and sexual  Sex Discrimination
remarks.  Socialization
- Staring or looking a person up and  Power Game
down (elevator eyes).  Aggression
  Moral Values, Divorce and Cultural BAWAL BASTOS LAW
Difference
The Republic Act No. 11313 or The Safe
Effects of Sexual Harassment Spaces Act (Bawal Bastos Law) covers all
forms of gender-based sexual harassment
- Victim no longer feels like a member (GBSH) committed in public spaces,
of the team ‗ educational or training institutions,
- Work loses its appeal workplaces, and online spaces.
- Mistakes in work performance
- Poor attitude evident to others
- Sometimes the victim wants to
withdraw, even from friends
- Growing desire to quit

How to Prevent Sexual Harassment at

Workplace

 Adopt a clear sexual harassment

policy
 Train employees
 Train supervisors and managers
 Monitor your workplace
 Take all complaints seriously

ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT

OF 1995-RA 7877

- Penalizes sexual harassment

occurring in: the workplace school
and training environment