Oxford Cambridge and RSA

A Level Chemistry A
H432/01 Periodic table, elements and physical chemistry

Practice paper - Set 1

Time allowed: 2 hours 15 minutes
You must have:
• the Data Sheet for Chemistry A

You may use:

• a scientific calculator

First name

Last name

Centre Candidate
number number

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You may use an HB pencil for graphs and diagrams.
• Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all the questions.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is
required, use the lined page(s) at the end of this booklet. The question number(s)
must be clearly shown.
• Do not write in the bar codes.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended responses will be assessed in questions marked with an
asterisk (*).
• This document consists of 28 pages.

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H43201/8
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SECTION A

You should spend a maximum of 20 minutes on this section.

Write your answer to each question in the box provided.

Answer all the questions.

1 Which equation produces the enthalpy change of formation of copper(I) iodide?

A Cu+(g) + I –(g) → CuI (s)

B Cu(g) + I (g) → CuI (s)

C Cu(s) + I 2(s) → CuI2(s)

D Cu(s) + ½I 2(s) → CuI(s)

Your answer
[1]

2 14.4 g of an element X react with oxygen to form 24.0 g of a compound XO2.

Which element is X?

A Fluorine

B Magnesium

C Titanium

D Molybdenum

Your answer
[1]

3 Bromine is a toxic gas. The maximum safe concentration of bromine in air is 0.0040 mg dm –3.

How many bromine molecules are present in each dm3 of air at this concentration?

A 1.5 × 1016

B 3.0 × 1016

C 1.5 × 1019

D 3.0 × 1019

Your answer
[1]

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4 Which element contains atoms with the largest radius?

A Na

B K

C Mg

D Ca

Your answer
[1]

5 The table shows standard enthalpy changes of formation, ∆fH Ɵ .

Compound NO2(g) H2O(l) HNO3(l) NO(g)

∆fH Ɵ / kJ mol–1 +33.2 –285.8 –207.0 +91.3

Calculate the standard enthalpy change of the following reaction, in kJ mol–1.

3NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2HNO3(l) + NO(g)

A –136.9

B –136.5

C +136.5

D +136.9

Your answer
[1]

6 For the reaction 2H2(g) + 2NO(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g), the rate equation is rate = k[H2][NO]2.

What is the effect on the rate of reaction when the concentration of H2 is halved and the
concentration of NO is doubled?

A The reaction rate is halved.

B The reaction rate is unchanged.

C The reaction rate is doubled.

D The reaction rate is quadrupled.

Your answer
[1]

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7 The reaction 2AB → 2A + B2 is first order with respect to AB.

The half-life of the reaction is 2 minutes.

0.100 mol of AB is dissolved in a solvent to form 100 cm3 of a reaction mixture.

What is the concentration of AB, in mol dm–3, after 6 minutes?

A 0.0125

B 0.0250

C 0.125

D 0.250

Your answer
[1]

8 The equilibrium system below is set up.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) ∆H = +14 kJ mol–1

The equilibrium system is compressed at constant temperature.

What is the effect on the value of Kc and the amount, in moles, of CH3OH?

Amount in moles of
Kc
CH3OH
A increases increases

B decreases decreases

C no change no change

D no change increases

Your answer
[1]

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9 A buffer solution is based on methanoic acid, HCOOH (Ka = 1.70 × 10–4 mol dm–3) and
methanoate ions, HCOO–.

In the buffer solution, the HCOOH concentration is half the HCOO– concentration.

What is the pH of the buffer solution?

A 2.47

B 3.07

C 3.47

D 4.07

Your answer
[1]

10 Which statement is correct for a neutral solution at any temperature?

A Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6

B The solution contains only H2O

C [H+] = [OH–]

D pH = 7

Your answer
[1]

11 An unbalanced equation for a redox reaction is shown below.

Cu(s) + H+(aq) + NO3–(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + NO2(g) + H2O(l)

What is the balancing number for H+ when the equation is balanced using the smallest whole
numbers?

A 2

B 4

C 6

D 8

Your answer
[1]

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12 Which property is not correct for calcium?

A It acts as an oxidising agent

B It forms a basic oxide

C It reacts with water to form hydrogen gas

D Its hydroxide is more alkaline than magnesium hydroxide

Your answer
[1]

13 A standard cell is set up from H+(aq)|H2(g) and Ag+(aq)|Ag(s) half cells .

The standard electrode potentials of the redox systems are shown below.

H+(aq) + e– ½H2(g) EƟ = +0.00 V

Ag+(aq) + e– Ag(s) EƟ = +0.80 V

What is the reaction at the negative electrode of the cell?

A H+(aq) + e– → ½H2(g)

B ½H2(g) → H+(aq) + e–

C Ag+(aq) + e– → Ag(s)

D Ag(s) → Ag+(aq) + e–

Your answer
[1]

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14 X is a particle with 18 electrons and 20 neutrons.

Which of the following particles could be X?

38
1: Ar
40
2: Ca2+
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3: K+

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer
[1]

15 Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid as shown below.

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Which statement(s) is/are correct?

1: 3.27 g of Zn reacts with excess of HCl to form 0.050 mol of ZnCl2.

2: 6.54 g Zn reacts exactly with 100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 HCl.

3: 13.08 g Zn reacts with an excess of HCl to form 9.60 dm3 of hydrogen, at room
temperature and pressure.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer
[1]

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SECTION B

Answer all the questions.

16 This question is about electron structure and ions.

(a) Electrons occupy orbitals within an atom. The diagram below shows an incomplete
‘electrons in boxes’ representation for the filling of orbitals in an oxygen atom.

Complete the diagram.

1s 2s 2p

↑↓
[1]

(b) Successive ionisation energies provide evidence for electron structure.

Sodium has eleven successive ionisation energies, shown in Table 16.1.

Ionisation
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
number
Ionisation
energy 496 4562 6910 9543 13354 16613 20117 25496 28932 141362 159075
/kJ mol–1

Table 16.1

(i) Write the equation for the seventh ionisation energy of sodium.

Include state symbols.

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(ii) Why do successive ionisation energies increase with ionisation number?

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(iii) Explain how the successive ionisation energies in Table 16.1 provide evidence for
the electron shells in sodium atoms.

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(iv) The trend in first ionisation energies across periods gives further details of electron
structure. The first ionisation energies of magnesium and aluminium are shown
below.

Element Mg Al

First ionisation energy/kJ mol–1 738 578

Explain how the first ionisation energies of magnesium and aluminium give further
details of electron structure.

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(c) Two elements, A and B, react to form an ionic compound with the formula A2B3.
In this compound, A and B both have the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p6.

Deduce possible identities of the ions in A2B3.

A: ..........................................................................................................................................

B: ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) A salt of an organic acid has the following composition by mass:

C, 31.17%; H, 9.09%; N, 18.18%; O, 41.56%.

Calculate the empirical formula of the salt and deduce the formulae of the ions present.

Show your working.

empirical formula: .................................................................................................................

ions:.......................................................................................................................................
[3]

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17 Enthalpy changes of solution can be determined both indirectly from other enthalpy changes,
and directly from the results of experiments.

The table below shows the enthalpy changes that can be used to determine the enthalpy
change of solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2, indirectly.

Energy
Enthalpy change
/kJ mol–1

Hydration of calcium ions –1616

Hydration of chloride ions –359

Lattice enthalpy of calcium chloride –2192

(a) The bonding in CaCl2 can be represented by a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram.

Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for the bonding in CaCl2.

Show outer electrons only.

[2]

(b) Explain what is meant by the term enthalpy change of solution.

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(c) The diagram below shows an incomplete energy cycle that can be used to determine the
enthalpy change of solution, ∆solH, of CaCl2.

(i) On the three dotted lines, add the species present, including state symbols.

[3]

(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of solution of CaCl2.

∆solH = .................................. kJ mol–1 [2]

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(iii) The table shows enthalpy changes of hydration.

Enthalpy change of hydration

Ion
/ kJ mol–1
aluminium ion –4741
calcium ion –1616
magnesium ion –1963
sodium ion –424

Explain the differences between these enthalpy changes of hydration.

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(d) Student 1 carries out an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of solution, ∆solH,
of CaCl2 directly.

The student follows the method outlined below.

• Weigh an empty polystyrene cup and weigh the bottle containing CaCl2.
• Add about 50 cm3 of water to the cup and measure the temperature of the water.
• Add the CaCl2 to the cup, stir the mixture, and record the maximum temperature.
• Weigh the polystyrene cup + final solution, and weigh the empty bottle.

Results

Mass of bottle + CaCl2 28.38 g

Mass of empty bottle 22.82 g
Mass of polystyrene cup + final solution 85.67 g
Mass of polystyrene cup 35.46 g
Initial temperature of water 22.0 ºC
Final temperature of solution 53.5 ºC

(i) Calculate ∆solH, in kJ mol–1, for calcium chloride.

Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

Assume that the density and specific heat capacity, c, of the solution have the same
values as water.

∆solH =.................................. kJ mol–1 [4]

(ii) Student 2 carries out the same experiment but uses twice the mass of CaCl2. All
other quantities are very similar to Student 1’s experiment.

Predict any differences between the temperature change and the calculated value of
∆solH from the experiments of the two students. Explain your reasoning.

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18 Ammonia, NH3, is manufactured by the chemical industry from nitrogen and hydrogen gases.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ∆H = –92 kJ mol–1

• An iron catalyst is used which provides several benefits for sustainability.

• The chemical industry uses operational conditions that are different from the conditions
predicted to give a maximum equilibrium yield.

(a)* Use your understanding of Chemistry to explain the above statements.

Your response should be well-developed, showing a line of reasoning which is clear and
logically structured.

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(b) A research chemist investigates how the value of Kc changes with temperature.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ∆H = –92 kJ mol–1

• The chemist mixes 0.800 mol of N2(g) and 2.400 mol of H2(g) and leaves the mixture
to reach equilibrium at 300 ºC.
• The total volume of the equilibrium mixture is 5.00 dm3.
• At equilibrium, 0.360 mol of NH3(g) has formed.

Calculate the value of Kc under these conditions.

Show all your working.

Kc = ................................. units ............................................ [6]

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(c) The chemist adds more nitrogen to the equilibrium mixture in (b).

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ∆H = –92 kJ mol–1

The temperature is kept at 300 ºC and the volume at 5.00 dm3.

The chemist predicts that the addition of nitrogen will increase the proportion of H 2(g) that
reacts.

(i) Explain whether the chemist’s prediction is correct.

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(ii) Suggest why the chemist is more concerned with increasing the proportion of H2 that
reacts rather than the proportion of N2 that reacts.

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19 This question is about reaction rates.

Ozone, O3, reacts with nitrogen dioxide, NO2, as shown below.

O3(g) + 2NO2(g) → N2O5(g) + O2(g)

A student carries out three experiments to investigate how different concentrations of O3(g)
and NO2(g) affect the initial rate of this reaction.

The results of the three experiments are shown below

[O3(g)] [NO2(g)] Initial rate,

Experiment
/mol dm–3 /mol dm–3 /mol dm–3 s–1

1 1.00 × 10–3 2.50 × 10–3 3.20 × 10–8

2 3.00 × 10–3 2.50 × 10–3 9.60 × 10–8

3 3.00 × 10–3 5.00 × 10–3 1.92 × 10–7

(a)* Determine the rate constant and a possible two-step mechanism for this reaction that is
consistent with these results.

Your response should clearly show how your calculations and explanations are linked to
the experimental results.

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(b) A student carries out an investigation to find the activation energy, Ea, of a reaction.

From the results, the student determines the rate constant, k, at different temperatures, T.

The student then calculates 1/T and ln k, as shown in Table 19.1.

Temperature, T Rate constant, k 1/T

ln k
/K / s–1 / K–1

278 1.50 × 10–6 3.60 × 10–3 −13.41

290 1.51 × 10–5 –11.10

298 4.11 × 10–5 3.34 × 10–3 −10.10

308 1.99 × 10–4 3.23 × 10–3

323 1.40 × 10–3 3.10 × 10–3 −6.57

Table 19.1

Add the missing values to Table 19.1 and plot a graph of ln k against 1/T on the graph
paper opposite.

Using your graph, calculate the activation energy of the reaction.

Show your working.

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activation energy, Ea = ........................... kJ mol–1 [4]

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20 This question is about acids and bases.

(a) Nitric acid, HNO3, and nitrous acid, HNO2, are two Brønsted–Lowry acids containing
nitrogen.

A student measures the pH of 0.0450 mol dm–3 solutions of HNO3 and HNO2 (pKa = 3.35)
and found that the acids had different pH values.

(i) Explain why the pH values are different.

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(ii) Calculate the pH value of 0.0450 mol dm-3 HNO3 to two decimal places.

Show your working.

pH = ......................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the pH value of 0.0450 mol dm-3 HNO2 to two decimal places.

Show your working.

pH = ........................................ [3]

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(b) Rubidium hydroxide, RbOH, is a strong alkali. A technician is asked to prepare a

250.0 cm3 solution of RbOH with a pH of 12.500.

Calculate the mass of RbOH that the technician needs to use.

mass = ..................................... g [4]

(c) Concentrated nitric acid, HNO3, is an oxidising agent. For example, concentrated HNO3
reacts with sulfur to form sulfuric acid, nitrogen dioxide and one other product.

• Using oxidation numbers, show the element that is oxidised and the element that is
reduced in this reaction. Ensure that the oxidation numbers have signs.

• Construct the balanced equation for this reaction.

element oxidised .............................. oxidation number change: from ........... to …........

element reduced .............................. oxidation number change: from …….... to ……....

equation .......................................................................................................................... [4]

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21 This question is about the chemistry of transition elements.

(a) Many chromium compounds contain chromium in the +3 oxidation state.

Complete the electron configurations of chromium as the element and in the +3 oxidation
state.

Chromium as the element: 1s22s22p6 ...................................................................

Chromium in the +3 oxidation state: 1s22s22p6 ...................................................................

[2]

(b) Compound I is a complex with the empirical formula CoN4H12Cl3.

The formula of compound I contains one chloride ion and a complex ion J, which has two
stereoisomers.

Draw and label the three-dimensional structures of the two stereoisomers of complex
ion J. Include the charge of the complex ion in your diagrams.

[3]

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(c) A and B are compounds of two different transition elements.

Two students carry out test-tube tests on aqueous solutions of A and B.

They then analyse the results to identity A and B.

The observations of Student 1’s tests are shown below.

Test A(aq) B(aq)

NH3(aq) added dropwise green precipitate C pale-brown precipitate E

1
Excess NH3(aq) added violet solution D no further change

HNO3(aq) no change no change

2
followed by Ba(NO3)2(aq) white precipitate F no change

HNO3(aq) no change no change

3
followed by AgNO3(aq) no change yellow precipitate, G

(i) Analyse the results and answer the following.

Identify A and B and write their formulae.

Construct ionic equations for the formation of the products C–G from the relevant
ions present in A(aq) and B(aq).

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(ii) What was the purpose of adding HNO3(aq) first in Test 2 and Test 3?

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(iii) Student 2 accidentally used HCl(aq) instead of HNO3(aq) for both Test 2 and Test 3.

What different observations would Student 2 obtain?

Explain your reasoning.

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(iv) How could the procedure be modified to be more certain of the conclusions from
Test 3?

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END OF QUESTION PAPER

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