0% found this document useful (0 votes)
258 views28 pages

Question Paper Paper 3

This document is an examination paper for the GCSE (9–1) Biology A (Gateway Science) Higher Tier, administered by Oxford Cambridge and RSA on May 17, 2022. It includes instructions for candidates, a total of 90 marks, and various sections with multiple-choice and extended response questions covering topics such as photosynthesis, respiration, the menstrual cycle, and the effects of hormones. The document consists of 28 pages and requires candidates to provide answers in the spaces provided.

Uploaded by

keerthigan534
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
258 views28 pages

Question Paper Paper 3

This document is an examination paper for the GCSE (9–1) Biology A (Gateway Science) Higher Tier, administered by Oxford Cambridge and RSA on May 17, 2022. It includes instructions for candidates, a total of 90 marks, and various sections with multiple-choice and extended response questions covering topics such as photosynthesis, respiration, the menstrual cycle, and the effects of hormones. The document consists of 28 pages and requires candidates to provide answers in the spaces provided.

Uploaded by

keerthigan534
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Oxford Cambridge and RSA

H
Tuesday 17 May 2022 – Morning
GCSE (9–1) Biology A (Gateway Science)
J247/03 Paper 3 (Higher Tier)
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

You must have:


* 8 9 9 1 8 3 5 4 8 2 *

• a ruler (cm/mm)
You can use:
• a scientific or graphical calculator
• an HB pencil

* J 2 4 7 0 3 *

Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes.

Centre number Candidate number

First name(s)

Last name

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be
given for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 90.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 28 pages.

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.

© OCR 2022 [601/8589/2] OCR is an exempt Charity


DC (MB/FC) 320449/7 R Turn over
2
SECTION A

Answer all the questions.

You should spend a maximum of 30 minutes on this section.

Write your answer to each question in the box provided.

1 Which row shows the correct type of reaction for photosynthesis and for respiration?

Photosynthesis Respiration
Type of A endothermic endothermic
Reaction
B exothermic exothermic

C endothermic exothermic

D exothermic endothermic

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2022
3
2 The diagram shows a potometer.

Water
Tap

Narrow tube
Water
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gas bubble

A student wants to test the hypothesis that the number of stomata on a plant affects water loss.

They first record the distance the gas bubble moves in 10 minutes.

What should the student do next before taking a second reading to test this hypothesis?

A Cover the plant with a black plastic bag.

B Remove some of the leaves.

C Repeat the test in a warmer room.

D Use an electric fan to move the air.

Your answer [1]

3 Transpiration will occur fastest in which conditions?

A A cold and windy environment

B A dark and cold environment

C A dark and warm environment

D A warm and windy environment

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


4
4 Which adaptation of xylem helps prevent water leaving the xylem vessels?

A Lignin in the walls of the xylem

B Pits (holes) in the walls of the xylem

C The breakdown of cross walls between cells that make up the xylem

D The lack of cell contents in the cells that make up the xylem

Your answer [1]

5 Water moves into root hair cells due to differences in water potentials.

Which term describes this process?

A Active transport

B Diffusion

C Osmosis

D Translocation

Your answer [1]

6 Which hormone should be used to ripen fruit?

A Ethene

B FSH

C Gibberellins

D Thyroxine

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2022
5
7 An elephant has 56 chromosomes in a stomach cell.

How many chromosomes will there be in an elephant’s ear cell?

A 23

B 28

C 56

D 112

Your answer [1]

8 Liver cells are active cells producing many protein molecules.

Which organelles are present in liver cells?

A Chloroplasts and mitochondria

B Mitochondria and plasmids

C Nuclei and ribosomes

D Ribosomes and plasmids

Your answer [1]

9 A student cuts a cube of potato to use in an experiment. Each face of the cube is 2 cm by 2 cm.

What is the surface area : volume ratio of the cube?

A 3:1

B 4:8

C 8 : 24

D 16 : 8

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


6
10 Farmers can control a cow’s menstrual cycle using hormones.
Hormones controlling the menstrual cycle of a cow are the same as those in humans.

Which hormone would a farmer use to stimulate egg production?

A FSH

B LH

C Oestrogen

D Progesterone

Your answer [1]

11 The table shows some features of blood vessels.

Valves along the length Thickness of walls Diameter of lumen

A yes thick wide

B no thin narrow

C yes thin wide

D no thick narrow

Which row in the table correctly describes the structure of arteries?

Your answer [1]

12 In a sample of DNA, 37% of the bases are thymine (T).

What will be the percentage of the other bases in this sample?

A Adenine (A) 13%, Cytosine (C) 13%, Guanine (G) 37%

B Adenine (A) 37%, Cytosine (C) 13%, Guanine (G) 13%

C Adenine (A) 0%, Cytosine (C) 37%, Guanine (G) 26%

D Adenine (A) 21%, Cytosine (C) 21%, Guanine (G) 21%

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2022
7
13 The graph shows how the DNA content of a cell changes during the cell cycle.

C
B
DNA A D
content

Time

Which part of the graph A, B, C or D represents DNA replication?

Your answer [1]

14 The cell cycle consists of the following stages:

1. Cell growth
2. Movement of chromosomes
3. DNA replication

Which is the correct order of the stages in one cell cycle?

A 1, 2, 3, 2

B 1, 3, 1, 2

C 2, 1, 3, 1

D 2, 3, 1, 3

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


8
15 In experiments about photosynthesis, it is often necessary to compare light intensities.

Which equation gives the light intensity at a distance (d) from a light source?

A Light intensity = 1/d

B Light intensity = 1/d 2

C Light intensity = d – 1
d×2
D Light intensity =
1

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2022
9
BLANK PAGE

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

© OCR 2022 Turn over


10
SECTION B

Answer all the questions.

16 Lipase is an enzyme produced in the human digestive system. It breaks down lipids.

(a) Fig. 16.1 shows the steps in lipid digestion.

Fig. 16.1

........................ molecules
Step 1 Step 2

Step 3 Step 4

........................ molecules

........................ molecule

(i) Complete the labels in Fig. 16.1. [3]

(ii) Lipase is found in the small intestine where the pH is alkaline.

Draw a curve on Fig. 16.2 to show the effect the pH will have on the rate of reaction for
the digestion of lipids by lipase.

Fig. 16.2

Rate of
reaction

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH [2]
© OCR 2022
11
(b) Phenolphthalein is an indicator that turns pink in an alkaline solution of pH 10.

When lipase breaks down lipids, the indicator goes colourless.

A group of students investigate how temperature affects the enzymes that break down lipids
found in milk.

Describe an experiment that the students could use to investigate the effect of temperature
on the breakdown of the lipids found in milk.

In your description include:

• how the independent variable could be changed


• the observations that should be made
• two variables that need to be controlled.

To change the independent variable, I will ................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

The observations I make will be to ...........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

I will need to control ..................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[5]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


12
17 The female menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones.
As women get older, they go through a stage called menopause when their periods stop.

• Doctors can determine if a woman is going through menopause by measuring the level of
FSH in their blood.
• If the FSH level goes above 30 ml U / mL, this indicates that menopause may have started.

A patient has her FSH levels measured each month for six months as shown in the table.

Month FSH level (ml U / mL)

January 31

February 28

March 30

April 32

May 30

June 33

(a) (i) Complete the bar chart for the remaining values from the table.

Finish the scales for both axes.

FSH level
(ml U / mL)

0 Jan Feb Mar

Month
[2]

© OCR 2022
13
(ii) What evidence is there to suggest this patient may have started menopause?

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) The doctor decides they need more evidence to confirm if the patient has started
menopause.

Suggest what further evidence the doctor should collect.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


14
(b) The doctor discusses a treatment called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with the
patient.

The doctor gives the patient a leaflet about HRT.

Information about HRT

HRT usually contains the hormones oestrogen and progesterone.

Benefits of HRT

When some women reach the menopause, it can affect their health.

They can get hot flushes, mood swings and it can weaken their bones.

These symptoms can be reduced by taking HRT.

Risks of HRT

HRT increases the risk of blood clots and, if you are overweight, this risk is
increased further.

HRT increases the risk of heart disease in people over the age of 60.

Taking HRT for more than a year can increase the risk of breast cancer.

A 56-year-old patient is deciding if she should take HRT. She is overweight.

Discuss what factors the patient should consider when trying to decide whether to take HRT.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© OCR 2022
15
18 A student investigates the effect of gravity on dandelion stems.

The diagram shows the equipment they use.

Protractor

Pipette filled with water


Dandelion stem

• The student places the equipment in a dark room.


• The dandelion stem is horizontal at the start of the investigation.
• During the investigation the stem moves upwards.
• Each hour the student uses a protractor to measure the upward movement of the dandelion
stem.

Their results are shown in the table.

Time (hours) Amount of upward


movement (°)
0 0
1 10
2 27
3 45
4 59
5 74
6 90

(a) Describe and explain the results of this experiment.

Use ideas about hormones.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
© OCR 2022 Turn over
16
(b) The student is asked how long it took for the stem to reach an angle of 90°.

Their answer was 6 hours.

How could the student alter their investigation to provide a more accurate answer?

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Give one effect of the hormone gibberellin in plants.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© OCR 2022
17
19 In 2018, a newspaper headline suggested that a cure for blindness had been found.

The newspaper was reporting on a study looking at operations in patients with age-related
macular degeneration (AMD). In AMD, part of the retina is damaged.

(a) Describe the role of the retina and suggest why damage to this part of the eye could cause
blindness.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) There are two types of AMD, wet and dry.

In wet AMD, tiny blood vessels 5 – 10 μm in size grow as the body tries to repair the retina.

Name the type of blood vessels that grow.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) During the study, researchers used embryonic stem cells to try to repair the sight of
two individuals with wet AMD.

(i) One year later, both patients’ eyesight had improved.

Explain why the newspaper headline claim of a cure may be misleading.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Suggest one other factor the researchers need to find out before this treatment is made
widely available to all people with AMD.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


18
20 Hypothyroidism occurs when the body has an underactive thyroid gland.

(a) Explain why people with hypothyroidism can have less tolerance to cold conditions.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Hypothyroidism can also change the way the body processes fat.

• This can cause high cholesterol levels that lead to deposits of cholesterol in the
coronary artery.
• The coronary artery supplies blood to the cardiac muscle.

Suggest why cholesterol deposits could affect the correct functioning of the heart.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) In rare cases, hypothyroidism can lead to a condition called myxoedema coma.
In this condition, the body’s temperature falls below 35 °C and the person becomes
hypothermic.

Explain why hypothermia is harmful to the body.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© OCR 2022
19
(d) The UK population is 68 million.
It is estimated that 2% of the UK population has hypothyroidism.

Calculate how many million people in the UK have hypothyroidism.

Number of people = ............................................... million [2]

(e) Thyroxine can cause changes in heart rate and breathing rate.

Name another hormone that causes an increase in heart rate and breathing rate.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


20
21 (a) (i) Cellular respiration is an important biological process.

Describe what is meant by the term cellular respiration.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Cells can use glucose, lipid or protein as respiratory substrates.

The respiratory substrates being used can be found using this ratio:

volume of carbon dioxide produced


volume of oxygen consumed

The table gives the ratio for three single respiratory substrates.

Substrate Ratio

Glucose 1.0

Lipid 0.7

Protein 0.8

The ratio calculated from investigations often indicates that more than one respiratory
substrate is being used at the same time.

In an investigation, these measurements were recorded.

• volume of oxygen consumed = 120 cm3


• volume of carbon dioxide produced = 108 cm3

Calculate the ratio and suggest which respiratory substrates were being used.

Ratio = .............................

Respiratory substrates used ........................................................................................ [2]

© OCR 2022
21
(b) (i) Describe one biochemical test that can be used to test for the presence of glucose.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Suggest how this test could be used to compare how much glucose is present in two
different tissues.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


22
22 For gases to enter a leaf, the stomata must be open.

The diagram shows a stoma and two guard cells. When the stomata are open, the guard cells
are described as being turgid (full of water).

Stoma

Ions move into the guard


cell to make it open

Guard cells

(a) Explain how the guard cells help control the size of the stoma.
Use information from the diagram.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) The diagram has a magnification of ×400.


The width of the stoma is 5 mm.

Calculate the actual size of the stoma. Give your answer in micrometres.

(1 mm = 1000 micrometres)

Width of stoma = ..................................... micrometres [2]

© OCR 2022
23
(c) A student describes the structure and function of xylem to another student.

‘Xylem vessels are made up of dead cells joined together end to end. The vessels are made
of a waterproof material and transport sugars up and down the plant.’

They have made two mistakes in their description.

Write down the two mistakes they have made.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


24
23 (a) The statements A–E describe parts of the process of protein synthesis.
They are not in the correct order.

A A copy of DNA is formed during transcription; this is a molecule called mRNA.


B Amino acids are joined in the correct order during translation.
C DNA unzips and unwinds.
D The mRNA attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
E The mRNA leaves the nucleus.

Write A, B, C, D or E in each box to show their correct order in protein synthesis.

One letter has been done for you.

E
[2]

(b) Describe how the triplet code determines the structure of a protein.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Scientists used to think that one gene coded for only one protein.

They have now discovered that one gene can code for more than one protein.

The diagram below shows the order of three sections of RNA.

(In RNA the base T is replaced with the base U.)

AUC CAG UAU CCG GCA AAU


Section 1 Section 2 Section 3

The order of these sections in a molecule of RNA made by transcription can be changed.

(i) Use the diagram to explain how changing the order of the sections would produce a
different protein.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

© OCR 2022
25
(ii) Write down how many different proteins could be made from the three sections of RNA.

Number of proteins = .......................................................... [1]

(d) Compare the DNA found in eukaryotic and in prokaryotic cells.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© OCR 2022 Turn over


26
24 Fig. 24.1 shows how stem cells in bone marrow differentiate into red blood cells.

Fig. 24.2 shows how the concentration of RNA and haemoglobin changes as the stem cell
differentiates and the area of the nucleus changes.

Fig. 24.1

Nucleus ejected
Stem cell Red blood
cell

Fig. 24.2

Red blood cell development

100
RNA

80

60
Concentration
(%)
40

20
Haemoglobin

0
80 60 40 20 0
Area of nucleus (μm)

© OCR 2022
27
(a)* Use Fig. 24.1, Fig. 24.2 and your knowledge of cell differentiation to describe and explain
the formation of red blood cells.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [6]

(b) A male has:

• 4.7 million red blood cells per microlitre of blood.


• 4.5 litres of blood.

(1 litre = 1 000 000 microlitres)

Calculate how many red blood cells are in his blood.

Give your answer in standard form.

Number of red blood cells = .......................................................... [3]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© OCR 2022
28
ADDITIONAL ANSWER SPACE

If additional space is required, you should use the following lined page(s). The question number(s)
must be clearly shown in the margin(s).

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

Oxford Cambridge and RSA


Copyright Information
OCR is committed to seeking permission to reproduce all third-party content that it uses in its assessment materials. OCR has attempted to identify and contact all copyright holders
whose work is used in this paper. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced in the OCR Copyright
Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download from our public website (www.ocr.org.uk) after the live examination series.
If OCR has unwittingly failed to correctly acknowledge or clear any third-party content in this assessment material, OCR will be happy to correct its mistake at the earliest possible
opportunity.
For queries or further information please contact The OCR Copyright Team, The Triangle Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8EA.
OCR is part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© OCR 2022

You might also like