Question Paper Paper 3
Question Paper Paper 3
H
Tuesday 17 May 2022 – Morning
GCSE (9–1) Biology A (Gateway Science)
J247/03 Paper 3 (Higher Tier)
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
• a ruler (cm/mm)
You can use:
• a scientific or graphical calculator
• an HB pencil
* J 2 4 7 0 3 *
First name(s)
Last name
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be
given for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 90.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 28 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
1 Which row shows the correct type of reaction for photosynthesis and for respiration?
Photosynthesis Respiration
Type of A endothermic endothermic
Reaction
B exothermic exothermic
C endothermic exothermic
D exothermic endothermic
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2 The diagram shows a potometer.
Water
Tap
Narrow tube
Water
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gas bubble
A student wants to test the hypothesis that the number of stomata on a plant affects water loss.
They first record the distance the gas bubble moves in 10 minutes.
What should the student do next before taking a second reading to test this hypothesis?
C The breakdown of cross walls between cells that make up the xylem
D The lack of cell contents in the cells that make up the xylem
5 Water moves into root hair cells due to differences in water potentials.
A Active transport
B Diffusion
C Osmosis
D Translocation
A Ethene
B FSH
C Gibberellins
D Thyroxine
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7 An elephant has 56 chromosomes in a stomach cell.
A 23
B 28
C 56
D 112
9 A student cuts a cube of potato to use in an experiment. Each face of the cube is 2 cm by 2 cm.
A 3:1
B 4:8
C 8 : 24
D 16 : 8
A FSH
B LH
C Oestrogen
D Progesterone
B no thin narrow
D no thick narrow
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13 The graph shows how the DNA content of a cell changes during the cell cycle.
C
B
DNA A D
content
Time
1. Cell growth
2. Movement of chromosomes
3. DNA replication
A 1, 2, 3, 2
B 1, 3, 1, 2
C 2, 1, 3, 1
D 2, 3, 1, 3
Which equation gives the light intensity at a distance (d) from a light source?
C Light intensity = d – 1
d×2
D Light intensity =
1
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BLANK PAGE
16 Lipase is an enzyme produced in the human digestive system. It breaks down lipids.
Fig. 16.1
........................ molecules
Step 1 Step 2
Step 3 Step 4
........................ molecules
........................ molecule
Draw a curve on Fig. 16.2 to show the effect the pH will have on the rate of reaction for
the digestion of lipids by lipase.
Fig. 16.2
Rate of
reaction
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH [2]
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(b) Phenolphthalein is an indicator that turns pink in an alkaline solution of pH 10.
A group of students investigate how temperature affects the enzymes that break down lipids
found in milk.
Describe an experiment that the students could use to investigate the effect of temperature
on the breakdown of the lipids found in milk.
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[5]
• Doctors can determine if a woman is going through menopause by measuring the level of
FSH in their blood.
• If the FSH level goes above 30 ml U / mL, this indicates that menopause may have started.
A patient has her FSH levels measured each month for six months as shown in the table.
January 31
February 28
March 30
April 32
May 30
June 33
(a) (i) Complete the bar chart for the remaining values from the table.
FSH level
(ml U / mL)
Month
[2]
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(ii) What evidence is there to suggest this patient may have started menopause?
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(iii) The doctor decides they need more evidence to confirm if the patient has started
menopause.
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Benefits of HRT
When some women reach the menopause, it can affect their health.
They can get hot flushes, mood swings and it can weaken their bones.
Risks of HRT
HRT increases the risk of blood clots and, if you are overweight, this risk is
increased further.
HRT increases the risk of heart disease in people over the age of 60.
Taking HRT for more than a year can increase the risk of breast cancer.
Discuss what factors the patient should consider when trying to decide whether to take HRT.
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18 A student investigates the effect of gravity on dandelion stems.
Protractor
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(b) The student is asked how long it took for the stem to reach an angle of 90°.
How could the student alter their investigation to provide a more accurate answer?
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19 In 2018, a newspaper headline suggested that a cure for blindness had been found.
The newspaper was reporting on a study looking at operations in patients with age-related
macular degeneration (AMD). In AMD, part of the retina is damaged.
(a) Describe the role of the retina and suggest why damage to this part of the eye could cause
blindness.
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In wet AMD, tiny blood vessels 5 – 10 μm in size grow as the body tries to repair the retina.
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(c) During the study, researchers used embryonic stem cells to try to repair the sight of
two individuals with wet AMD.
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(ii) Suggest one other factor the researchers need to find out before this treatment is made
widely available to all people with AMD.
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(a) Explain why people with hypothyroidism can have less tolerance to cold conditions.
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(b) Hypothyroidism can also change the way the body processes fat.
• This can cause high cholesterol levels that lead to deposits of cholesterol in the
coronary artery.
• The coronary artery supplies blood to the cardiac muscle.
Suggest why cholesterol deposits could affect the correct functioning of the heart.
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(c) In rare cases, hypothyroidism can lead to a condition called myxoedema coma.
In this condition, the body’s temperature falls below 35 °C and the person becomes
hypothermic.
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(d) The UK population is 68 million.
It is estimated that 2% of the UK population has hypothyroidism.
(e) Thyroxine can cause changes in heart rate and breathing rate.
Name another hormone that causes an increase in heart rate and breathing rate.
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The respiratory substrates being used can be found using this ratio:
The table gives the ratio for three single respiratory substrates.
Substrate Ratio
Glucose 1.0
Lipid 0.7
Protein 0.8
The ratio calculated from investigations often indicates that more than one respiratory
substrate is being used at the same time.
Calculate the ratio and suggest which respiratory substrates were being used.
Ratio = .............................
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(b) (i) Describe one biochemical test that can be used to test for the presence of glucose.
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(ii) Suggest how this test could be used to compare how much glucose is present in two
different tissues.
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The diagram shows a stoma and two guard cells. When the stomata are open, the guard cells
are described as being turgid (full of water).
Stoma
Guard cells
(a) Explain how the guard cells help control the size of the stoma.
Use information from the diagram.
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Calculate the actual size of the stoma. Give your answer in micrometres.
(1 mm = 1000 micrometres)
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(c) A student describes the structure and function of xylem to another student.
‘Xylem vessels are made up of dead cells joined together end to end. The vessels are made
of a waterproof material and transport sugars up and down the plant.’
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
E
[2]
(b) Describe how the triplet code determines the structure of a protein.
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(c) Scientists used to think that one gene coded for only one protein.
They have now discovered that one gene can code for more than one protein.
The order of these sections in a molecule of RNA made by transcription can be changed.
(i) Use the diagram to explain how changing the order of the sections would produce a
different protein.
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(ii) Write down how many different proteins could be made from the three sections of RNA.
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Fig. 24.2 shows how the concentration of RNA and haemoglobin changes as the stem cell
differentiates and the area of the nucleus changes.
Fig. 24.1
Nucleus ejected
Stem cell Red blood
cell
Fig. 24.2
100
RNA
80
60
Concentration
(%)
40
20
Haemoglobin
0
80 60 40 20 0
Area of nucleus (μm)
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(a)* Use Fig. 24.1, Fig. 24.2 and your knowledge of cell differentiation to describe and explain
the formation of red blood cells.
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ADDITIONAL ANSWER SPACE
If additional space is required, you should use the following lined page(s). The question number(s)
must be clearly shown in the margin(s).
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