Standard Specifications,

Workmanship and Materials

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (USE OF SITE, ACCESS TO SITE & PROCEDURES)

2. CLEARING, GRUBBING & REMOVAL

3. EXCAVATION & EARTHWORKS

4. CONCRETE WORKS

5. MASONRY BLOCK WORKS

6. TILE WORKS

7. ACOUSTIC CEILINGS

8. GYPSUM BOARD

9. CARPENTRY & JOINERY

10. METAL WORKS

11. GLAZING WORKS

12. ROOFING WORKS

13. INTERNAL & EXTERNAL FINISHES

14. PAINTING & DECORATING WORKS

15. DRAINAGE

16. ELECTRICAL WORKS

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1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (USE OF SITE, ACCESS TO SITE & PROCEDURES)

This section generally identifies general administrative requirements and procedures

regarding the Contractor’s use of site, access to site and construction operations and
Procedures. Furthermore, additional requirements are stated in various sections of the
specifications and shall also apply during the execution of the Works.

The requirements specified in this section do not supersede or take precedence over any
provision of the General and Particular Conditions of Contract.

1.1.1 SUMMARY OF THE WORKS

The Contract comprises of the execution, completion to turnkey and maintenance during
the Defects Liability Period of the Architectural, Structural, M&E and Other Works of the
GNPC Mobile Fuel Stations in Essau and Basse to be executed in accordance with the
Working Drawings, Bills Of Quantities, Technical Specifications, the Contract Documents and
as supervised by the Consulting/ Supervising Engineer.

The General Requirements are applicable to the all of the Works as described in the
Conditions of Contract; Architectural, Structural, M&E and Other Works.

The Contract comprises provision for all labour, materials, construction equipment, tools,
scaffolding and all necessary paraphernalia, temporary works (site offices, restrooms,
workshop sheds, stores, etc) and sundries whether of a temporary or permanent nature
required in the complete execution of the Contract.

Generally, the Contract comprises of the following works:

a) Demolition Works
b) Service Building
c) RCC pavement and Soft landscaping works
d) Generator House
e) Boundary wall
f) Sewage Disposal Tank
g) Installation of Mobile Fuel Station unit

1.1.2 CONTRACT DOCUMENTS

These specifications shall be read and construed in conjunction with all relevant Contract
Documents, Working Drawings, Bill of Quantity, etc and shall in totality be considered
mutually intertwined and explanatory.

In case of any discrepancy or variation, the Contractor shall forthwith in writing inform the
Consulting Engineer about the matter and the Consulting Engineer shall issue instructions
therewith in accordance with Conditions of Contract.

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1.1.3 DRAWINGS

A list of Contract Drawings available with the Tender is attached to this Specification.

1.1.4 REFERENCE STANDARDS

The Works shall be performed in conformity with relevant standards, codes of practice and
certified procedures. The required performance of materials, products and workmanship
and the standards to be complied with are specified in relevant sections of the
Specifications.

In the absence of any such standard or code; or in lieu of the specified standard or code any
internationally acceptable standard or code of equal standing shall apply subject to approval
by the Consulting Engineer. However, if this results to design revision or any variation, all
cost incurred shall be borne by the Contractor.

The Contractor is required to fully acquaint himself with the relevant Standards and Codes
in the Contract as per latest editions or publications of such Standards or Codes.

The Contractor shall make available copies of relevant standard publications in English at
site and upon request by the Consulting Engineer.

The following abbreviations have been used for reference standards and shall be
interpreted as follows:

BS – British Standards
BS EN- European Standard- adopted as British Standards
CP- Code of Practice
ASTM- American Society for Testing and Materials
AASHTO- American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ACI- American Concrete Institute
ANSI- American National Standards Institute
AISC- American Institute of Steel Construction
AWS- American Welding Society
EN- Euronorms Harmonized Standard
ISO- International Organization for Standardization
CAN/CGSB Standard by Canadian General Standards Board
CSA Standard by Canadian Standards Association
DIN- Deutshes Institute fur Normung (German Standards)
CENELEC - Committee European de Normalisation Electrotechnique
SIS- Swedish Standards

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1.1.5 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

All measurements shall be based on Metric system of measurement as per System

International d’Unites (SI system) unless otherwise for certain specific products or materials
which may be expressed in Imperial System.
The following SI unit abbreviations shall be interpreted as follows:
m- Linear Meter
mm- Millimeter
m2- Square Meter
cm- Centimeter
m3- Cubic Meter
No- Number
Kg- Kilogram
C- Celsius
Tone- 1000 Kilogram

1.1.6 DEFINITIONS

The terms "as directed", "as described", "as ordered", "as requested", "as required", "as
permitted", or words of similar meaning or intent are used, it shall be understood that the
direction, description, order, request, requirements or permission of the Employer or the
Consulting Engineer is solicited.

Similarly, the words "approved", "acceptable", "satisfactory" and words of like import shall
mean approved by, acceptable to, or satisfactory to the Employer or the Consulting
Engineer.

1.1.7 THE CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITY, RESTRICTIONS & SAFETY PROCEDURES

All construction activities and site facilities shall be limited to the boundaries of the site and
not trespassed into public space unless prior approval granted by the Concerned Authority.
The Contractor shall be responsible for all the construction equipment, vehicles and
personnel employed directly or indirectly for the Contract and shall ensure strict compliance
and understanding of all the restrictions of the Contract during the execution of Works by
the personnel.

The Contractor shall ensure that the movement of vehicles and other equipment do not
obstruct traffic flow within and outside the site. All vehicles for the Works shall be road
worthy in accordance with statutory requirements of the Vehicle Control Department or any
other relevant body. The site shall be well managed to ensure good parking for personnel
and free flow of traffic at all times especially for emergency vehicles.

The Contractor shall adapt measures and take every precaution to avoid stockpiling of
construction debris or stockpiling of aggregate materials on public road so as not to obstruct
free flow of traffic.
The Contractor shall take all measures to avoid endangering the lives of the public. The site

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must be hoarded, high risk areas and works identified and protected, kept clean and neat
always, traffic control personnel employed to control traffic flow whenever necessary,
service lines such as trailing lines, water distribution pipes, etc do not encroach in public
areas and mitigate noise and visual pollution. All temporary structures shall conform to
acceptable standards subject to approval by the Consulting Engineer.

The Contractor shall ensure that best practice procedures are adhered to during the Works
and that safety and health of personnel both employed and the public not endangered. All
Works shall be carried out by qualified personnel with adherence to standard procedures.

1.1.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

The Contractor shall implement a health and safety program that shall be in force during the
period of the Contract. The program shall be based on a recognized standard and shall, as a
minimum, meet the requirements of the International Labour Organization Standard “Safety
and Health in Building and Civil Banking work”. In addition, the Contractor shall abide by all
laws and regulations of the Concerned Authorities in relation to safety and health.

The Contractor shall provide his Workmen with such Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)
as helmets, safety boots, goggles, First-Aid unit and other personal safety devices, as are
required in a given work situation.

1.1.9 SITE FACILITIES & TEMPORARY WORKS

The Contractor shall design a site layout showing all temporary facilities including temporary
roads if necessary and shall submit to the Consulting Engineer for approval prior to
construction works.

The Contractor shall provide and maintain on site throughout the entirety of the Contract
the following facilities:

a. Temporary site office structure for use by the Employer, the Consulting Engineer and
Contractor’s personnel with a restroom adjoined or detached. The office shall be equipped
with the all the necessary facilities as indicated and costed for in the BoQ and subject to
approval by the Consulting Engineer.

b. The Contractor shall provide and maintain clean temporary/ portable toilet facilities
throughout the entirety of the Contract to the approval of the Consulting Engineer and the
Concerned Authorities. After the Works, the Contractor shall decommission all such facilities
as directed and approved by the Concerned Authorities and the Consulting Engineer.

c. The Contractor shall provide and maintain weatherproof sheds for storage of materials,
workshops and other ancillary facilities relevant to the Works both for his own use and for
the use of the specialist Sub-contractors, the Employer or the Consulting Engineer subject to
approval by the Consulting Engineer. All such facilities shall be cleared away on completion
of the Works.
The Contractor shall not under any circumstance use permanent facilities during the Works

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unless a prior approval is sought from the Employer/ the Consulting Engineer. If such
approval is granted, the facility shall be restored to perfect condition and handed over along
with the Works by the Contractor at no extra cost whatsoever to the Employer.

All temporary works shall be dismantled and removed from the Site on completion of the
whole Contract and the Site shall be made good and left clean and tidy to the satisfaction of
the Employer/ the Consulting Engineer. All damaged access roads and services shall be
restored to the approval of Concerned Authorities.

1.1.10 SCAFFOLDING

The Contractor shall provide, erect, maintain, dismantle and clear away at completion
proper and adequate scaffolding including that required for Sub-Contractors and Specialists.
Putlog holes shall be made good to match the adjacent surface as the scaffolding is
dismantled.

The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for all safety precautions in connection with the
stability of the scaffolding and for its entire sufficiency for the Work. Scaffolding shall be a
complete system from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall provide shop drawings and design calculations to prove the sufficiency
of the proposed system for the intended applications for the approval of the Consulting
Engineer as and when called for to do so. However approval accorded by the Consulting
Engineer shall not absolve the Contractor of any of his responsibilities or obligations.

1.1.11 SIGNBOARDS

The Contractor shall provide signboard/s bearing information and format approved by the
Employer/ the Consulting Engineer and shall comply with all Local Authority regulations.

The signboard/s shall be properly secured to a support structure capable of withstanding

wind load and the Contractor is required to seek for approval prior to fabrication and
erection of the signboard/s.

All costs attached shall be incurred by the Contractor including Local Authority fees if
applicable.

1.1.12 LOCATING, PROTECTING, MAINTAINING & DIVERTING SERV. & PUBLIC UTILITIES

The Contractor shall work with the Concerned Authorities and Consulting Engineer on
locating the route of service lines, request for maps to identify their position, gradient and
type of buried service utility lines and take further measures to ascertain the location of all
such lines in relation to the maps.
The Contractor shall consult all the relevant authorities to establish such positions, work on

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re-routing, decommissioning and re-commissioning of services to the approval of the
concerned authorities and Client/ Client’s representative.

All costs incurred in relation to such works shall be incurred by the Contractor and at no cost
to the Client. The Client shall not be liable for any loss or injury in connection with any of the
works.

1.1.13 WATER & ELECTRICITY FOR THE SITE

The Contractor shall make available and maintain all necessary water for the Works
complete with all temporary plumbing and storage and pay for all service charges.

The Contractor shall make available and maintain all necessary electricity for the Works
complete with all necessary temporary electrical works and pay for all service charges.

After completion of Works, the Contractor shall decommission all temporary services and
make good all incidental defects and damages.

1.1.14 KEEPING SITE FREE FROM GARBAGE & DISPOSAL

The premises and the Project site shall be maintained in a reasonably neat and orderly
condition by the Contractor and his sub-contractors and kept free from accumulations of
waste materials and rubbish during the entire construction period.

The Contractor shall remove all crates, cartons and other flammable waste materials or
trash from the work areas at the end of each working day. Floors shall be "broom-cleaned",
or its equivalent, during the course of the work.

Additional cleaning of all other items which are provided as a part of the Contract, including
removal of dust, dirt, stains and finger marks from all finished wood, metal, marble or glass
surfaces, shall be performed by the Contractor as required to the approval of the Engineer
before handover of the works.

The Contractor shall be responsible for the general cleaning and maintenance of the
premises and the Project site and for the co-ordination of the clean-up work of all trades.

The Contractor shall make adequate arrangements to the satisfaction of the Consulting
Engineer for the disposal of all waste, storm run-off and sub-soil water, sewage and all other
waste materials arising from or connected with the execution of the Works taking into
account the environmental impact of such disposal. No payment shall be made for this item.

1.1.15 COORDINATION OF ALL WORKS

The Contractor shall coordinate all aspects of the Works by all trades in all trades to ensure
compatibility between all the different elements of the Works.

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The Contractor is required to work with other sub-contractors and specialists to establish all
requirements and furnish such information to the Supervising Engineer for approval prior to
execution of any such work.

The Contractor shall accept obligation for coordination, superintendence and administration
of the Works, arrange and monitor a program with each Subcontractor, Supplier and
Concerned Authorities and obtain and supply information as necessary for coordination of
the Works including that of sub-contractors.

The Contractor shall not be entitled to any payment in regards to additional works due to
lack of proper coordination.

1.1.16 SAFE ACCESS, TRAFFIC FLOWS & MAINTENANCE

During the entire course of the Works, the Contractor shall provide and maintain safe
access to the site and utility services, shall provide road diversions and road closures if
required, etc. subject to consultation and approval of the Consulting Engineer, Local
Authorities and all other concerned agencies/ units. The Contractor shall not under any
circumstance embark on any such work unless a Method Statement is provided and an
approval is accorded by the Consulting Engineer and Concerned Authorities.

The Contractor shall facilitate, support and provide access to personnel of Concerned
Authorities to affected works for inspection, maintenance, etc. and at no cost whatsoever to
the concerned authorities.

If in the execution of Works, any damage, defect or interruption is caused by any act of
neglect by the Contractor, the Contractor shall bear and pay the cost equitably incurred by
the Concerned Authority in making good such damage, interruption of services and other
associated costs.
The Client shall not bear any such cost either as an addendum or variation to the Contract.

1.1.17 ADJOINING OF EXISTING BUILDINGS, ROADS & SERVICES

During the course of excavation and other works, the Contractor shall take all necessary
measures and precautions from damage or collapse by means of temporary or permanent
shoring, strutting, sheet piling or secant pile walls or underpinning or excavations in short
lengths or any other method deemed appropriate to satisfy the nature of the situation as
approved by the Supervising Engineer.

Prior to any such work, the Contractor shall submit a Method Statement to the Consulting
Engineer for approval in conformity with acceptable standards and regulations.

During the entire course of the Works, the Contractor shall maintain all such works
efficiently and safely and make good all defects at the end of the Works as approved by the
Consulting Engineer. However, an approval accorded by the Consulting Engineer shall not in

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any way absolve the Contractor of Contractual Obligations.

The Contractor shall bear the cost to alter, maintain and make good all such works and any
other associated cost that may arise in relation to such works.

1.1.18 SETTING OUT

The Contractor shall employ an expert Land Surveyor to carry out all setting out and
surveying work to the approval of the Consulting Engineer.

Before the commencing of the Works the Contractor will be supplied with the information
necessary to establish the lines and levels of the Works. The Surveyor shall verify all survey
details that may be provided in drawings given to the Contractor of the Consulting Engineer
and take note of all discrepancies. In case of any ambiguous information, the Surveyor shall
forthwith bring it to the attention of the Consulting Engineer.

The Contractor shall, as soon as practicable, supply the Consulting Engineer with records in
approval form relating to all reference pegs and bench marks and shall keep such records up
to date by formal notice to the Consulting Engineer.

All survey reference pegs shall be carefully preserved except where construction requires
their removal, and before such removal the approval of the Consulting Engineer shall be
obtained.

In order to establish the existing ground levels over the areas of the works, the Contractor
shall establish a grid over the Site and agree on the levels with the Consulting Engineer. The
Contractor shall prepare drawings representing the configuration of the areas which shall be
signed by the Consulting Engineer and the Contractor as record.

The Contractor shall establish bench marks and grid lines at each floor showing exact floor
elevations and other lines and dimensional reference points as required.

1.1.19 EXCAVATION WORKS

All excavation operations manually or by mechanical means shall include excavation and
‘getting out’ the excavated materials for possible backfilling, disposal or stockpiling for re-
use in soft-landscaping areas.

Excavations shall be done to the required dimensions and shall be finished according to the
specified working drawings to the approval of the Consulting Engineer. All necessary
precautions shall be taken to minimize any defect, damage or disturbance to other works.

Additional works but not limited to may include dewatering works, shoring, protection of
adjoining works, removal of slips or blows, soling works, levelling and compaction works,
anti-termite treatment, etc. all executed to the approval of the Consulting Engineer.

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1.1.20 SUBMITTALS

The Contractor shall maintain an approved format of record keeping and in accordance with
Conditions of Contract or upon request by Authorities, Clients/ Client’s representative make
the following submittals:

1) Program of Works, after the Letter of Acceptance and prior to signing the Contract, the
Contractor shall furnish the client a Critical Path Analysis showing all the activities of
all trades by all trades in relation to their phasing, relations and interdependencies
to the approval of the Client/ Client’s representative. In addition a Method
Statement must be prepared and submitted for approval.

2) Monthly Progress Report, the Contractor shall furnish the Client Monthly Progress
Report reflecting work done in relation to the Work Program and delays, deviations
and amendments to the Work Program if any to reflect the timeline of the Contract.
The number of copies shall be determined by The Client.

3) Samples, the Contractor shall submit samples of all materials and equipment for
testing, approval or review by the Client prior to use of such items. The submitted
samples shall be accompanied by manufacturers’ specifications, test certificates,
manuals and other relevant documents. However, this will not preclude the need for
the Client/ Client’s Representative to request for further tests and additional
information the cost of which shall be incurred by the Contractor.

All samples shall be submitted in no. and format to the Client/ Client’s
Representative in conformity with acceptable standards and the Contractor must
ensure proper record keeping of all test results, product certificates, specifications,
etc.
The Contractor must also ensure all approved samples are kept at site to serve as
standard of acceptance for all supplies. The Client/ the Client’s representative retains
the right to reject any material or equipment that does not equal to the approved
sample submitted prior. Such materials or equipment shall be forthwith removed
from the site and any cost incurred whatsoever shall be borne by the Contractor.
Supply of materials or equipment that do not match with approve samples shall
constitute fundamental breach of Contract.

4) Shop Drawings, the Contractor shall furnish the Client/ Client’s Representative Shop
Drawings by all trades for all trades for review and approval within a timeline of 14
calendar days. Shops Drawings shall be submitted together with catalogues,
brochures, etc. if available. The Contractor shall not under any circumstance
proceed with works if such approval is not granted.

5) Record Drawings, the Contractor shall maintain one complete set of drawings of all
disciplines; Architectural, Structural, Electrical, Mechanical, civil, landscaping,
External works etc.
6) Design Review & Development, certain aspects of the Works may require the

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 Contractor to review and design to a status good for construction subject to final
approval of the Consulting Engineer. Such works shall be carried out by competent
professionals subject to approval by the Consulting Engineer. The Contractor shall
bear all such costs.

7) As-Built Drawings, The Contractor shall within three months to the end of the
Defects Liability Period, prepare a completely new set of drawings (3 copies) for all
trades of the Project as executed incorporating all changes/deviations and all the
recorded data on the set of record drawings maintained at site and submit the same
in duplicate to the Client/ Client’s Representative for approval. The Contractor shall
verify and reflect any modifications and/or changes noted by the Client/ Client’s
Representative on the submittals and shall be resubmitted to the Client/ Client’s
Representative for approval. This process shall be repeated until final approval of the
Client/ Client’s Representative is given. When approved by the Client/ Client’s
Representative, the Contractor shall submit three copies of all drawings duly marked
"As-Built" along with one set of reproducibles which shall become the property of
the Client. The "FINAL PAYMENT CERTIFICATE" shall not be made until the "AS
BUILT DRAWINGS" are submitted. The final payment certificate shall not be made
except for the actual works that have been completed in accordance with the
Specifications and been duly presented on the "As-Built Drawings". The Contractor
shall not be entitled to any extra payment or extension of time for the correction,
preparation and supplying of the drawings.

1.1.21 ALL TAXES, PERMITS & OTHER FEES

The Contractor shall allow cost to cover all taxes, local authority dues, etc. in connection
with the Works and shall be deemed to be included by the Contractor in his contract unit
rates.
The Contractor is required to give all notices and obtain all permits required for the Works
including that of the sub-contractors and Consulting Engineer and shall duly in writing
provide such information to the Consulting Engineer. The Contractor shall bear all costs in
relation to such issuance of permits and renewal if required.

The Contractor shall obtain a bank guarantee as per Conditions of Contract and furnish all
the relevant documents to the Consulting Engineer.

1.1.22 INSURANCE

As required by the Contract, prior to starting Work on site, the Contractor is required to
submit to the Employer documentary evidence and receipts for insurances which are
required to be taken out by the Contractor.

If any event occurs which may give rise to any claim or proceeding in respect of loss or
damage to the Works, or injury or damage to persons or property arising out of the Works,

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without delay give notice in writing to the Employer and the Insurers. The Contractor shall
indemnify the Employer against any loss, which may be caused by the Contractor's failure to
give such notice.

1.1.23 CONTRACT DOCUMENTS

The Contractor shall be issued with two copies of each of the Contract Drawings and the
same number of copies for Revised Drawings and Additional Drawings.

1.1.24 CONTRACTOR TO INSPECT THE SITE & PROJECT MEETINGS

Prior to bid submission, the Contractor is required to visit the site so as to acquaint himself
with all the site conditions. No cost whatsoever shall be paid to the Contractor for claims
based on lack of knowledge in relation to existing site conditions.

Before commencement of the Works, a pre-construction meeting shall be scheduled to

discuss channels and procedures of communication, schedule of activities, procedures and
other related matters.

During the execution of the Works, meetings shall be organized at least twice monthly or at
interims directed by the Employer/ the Consulting Engineer/ the Contractor to discuss site
progress, challenges, work program, etc. and any other issue pertaining to the Works.

Minutes of such all meetings shall be documented by the Consulting Engineer and copies
shall be disseminated to all parties for the records.

1.1.25 SUPERVISORY STAFF

The Contractor’s supervisory staff shall meet the requirements set out in the bid data sheet.
The Contractor is required to submit CVs of all supervisory staff to the Consulting Engineer
for approval prior to any assignment/ employment. If there is any change of staff, the
Contractor must forthwith in writing inform the Consulting Engineer and submit the CV of
any replacement for approval.

1.1.26 MEASURED WORKS, INSPECTION & OVERTIME WORKS

During the course of the Works, the Contractor shall notify the Consulting Engineer before
covering any work which requires measurement.

The Contractor shall give not less than one working days’ notice (48 hours for wet trades) to
the Consulting Engineer before covering up any work that is to be put out of view so that
such work may be inspected by the Consulting Engineer.

During the Works, whenever overtime is to be worked, the Contractor shall give the
Consulting Engineer not less than 48 hours notice, specifying times, types and locations of
Work to be done. If any such work is concealed during overtime for which notice of covering

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up has not been given, the Contractor may be required to open up for inspection and
restored at the Contractor's expenditure.

1.1.27 RECORDS

The Contractor is required to provide to the Consulting Engineer records of labor at site,
materials, equipment, visitors and weather (inclement weather conditions that could
possibly affect the Works). Such information shall be provided in format in accordance with
acceptable standards.

1.1.28 EXPATRIATE LABOR

The Contractor shall make his own preparations for the appointment of expatriate labor and
staff if required and for the housing, health, welfare and repatriation of same and shall
conform in all respects with the conditions and requirements of any law and of any
Regulations or Orders of the Government or any Authority which may be applicable
including any such Law, Regulation or Order passed or made or coming into force after the
date of Tender and/or during the execution of the Works.

1.1.29 CHECKLIST FOR QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES

The Contractor shall design and provide a checklist mechanism for quality control and
assurance measures in accordance with acceptable standards. The Checklists shall be
prepared specific to various scopes of the Works and shall be subjected to approval by the
Consulting Engineer.

1.1.30 PROJECT DATA MANAMENT SYSTEM

During the course of the entire Works and that of the Defects Liability Period, the
Contractor shall apply and use various soft wares for documentation and design purposes
subject to approval of the Consulting Engineer. Such computer programs shall be made
available to the Employer or Consulting Engineer if needed and any cost attached shall be
borne by the Contractor.

1.1.31 MATERIALS, GOODS AND WORKMANSHIP

The whole of the goods materials and workmanship incorporated in the works shall be new
and of the best quality available and shall be to the approval of the Engineer. Should the
Engineer discover on the Works any materials other than those specified or approved, he
may order their removal from the site and for their replacements as specified. All costs
incurred for such removal and replacement, and of associated works shall be borne by the
Contractor.

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1.1.32 SCHEDULE OF PROCUREMENT OF MATERIAL

The Contractor shall produce a "Schedule of Procurement of Materials" and submit the
same within 3 weeks of commencement of works for the approval of the Engineer. This
schedule shall give the following information:

(a) Item to be procured

(b) Quantity (c) Date of submission for approval
(d) Date of approval
(e) Date of order
(f) Expected date of arrival at site
(g) Date required on site

The Contractor is required to produce documentary evidence that all materials or items
have been ordered in sufficient time to ensure their arrival on site sufficiently in advance of
their incorporation in the Works. No claim will be considered for extension of the Contract
Period due to non-availability of materials as a result of the Contractors failure to comply
with this requirement.

1.1.33 BRANDS & APPROVAL OF SUPPLIERS

Certain brand names may be designated to materials or equipment for the Works. The
Contractor shall adhere to such unless otherwise the approval of the Client is granted to use
an alternative brand. The approved alternative brand shall be of the same matching quality
to the designated brand. An approval to use an alternative brand shall not in any way
absolve the Contractor to use a less quality one.

The Contractor is required to seek for an approval from the Client/ the Client’s
Representative in writing to use any nominated supplier for goods and materials with detail
information about the product specifications and the supplier. If such approval is not
granted by the Client, the Contractor shall not under any circumstance proceed with the
supplier.

1.1.34 ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS

Should the Contractor wish to offer alternative items or materials to those specified he shall
supply details of such alternatives together with details of any reduction in the Contract
Price should the alternative be allowed to be substituted for the specified items or
materials.

All offered alternatives shall comply fully in all respects with the Specifications of the
particular items or materials. Acceptance or refusal of any alternatives will be entirely at the
discretion of the Engineer.

If during the course of the Contract certain materials or items required for use in the Works
should be unobtainable, despite the best effort of the Contractor, the Contractor may offer

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for the approval of the Engineer alternative materials or items, provided that they possess
the minimum requirements of the originally specified material.

In the event of acceptance of any alternative materials or items a suitable price reduction
shall be made in respect of any decrease in value but no price addition shall be made in
respect of increase in value.

In the event of refusal of any alternative materials or items the Contractor shall not be
relieved of any of his obligations under the Contract and shall be solely liable for any delay
or loss occasioned by his failure to provide the materials or items as specified.

1.1.35 SAMPLES AND TESTING OF MATERIALS

A. Samples
Prior to ordering or delivering any materials or manufactured items to the Site, the
name and address of the supplier(s) and, where required by the Engineer, adequate
samples, schedules and manufacturer's certificates of all the materials and goods to
be used in the Works shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval at no extra cost
to the Project. In case of rejections further samples, until final approval is accorded,
shall be submitted. The Contractor shall have no claims to extra cost or time lost due
to improper submissions, the resultant rejections and the approval process. If
considered necessary and ordered by the Engineer, the samples shall be tested for
compliance at the Contractor's expense in a laboratory approved by the Engineer.
B. Testing
The Contractor shall be responsible for the sampling, storage, transportation and
laboratory testing of products and materials as required in the Specification. The
Contractor shall make available on site necessary equipment for the use of the
Engineer for tests to be conducted at site.
Eg. - Slump cone with base plate and tamping rod. - Thermometer suitable for measuring
concrete temperature.

- Magnetic flux principle instrument for non-destructive method of testing paint film
thickness.
In addition, suitable experienced labor to carry out the operations in connection with
the above shall be provided by the Contractor as required by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall allow for the costs of the above in his unit rates.

1.1.36 SOIL INVESTIGATION

If required by the Contract, the Contractor shall carry out Soil Investigations and submit to
the Consulting Engineer the final report. The Contractor shall hence proceed with the Works
as per the recommendations of the report to the approval of the Consulting Engineer. The
Contractor shall bear all costs for any Soil Investigation works.

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1.1.37 PROTECTION OF FINISHED WORKS

The Contractor shall take all measures and precautions to protect all the Works including
that of the sub-contractors, Concerned Authorities and Utility Companies up to the time of
completion and final handover of the Contract.

The Contractor shall be responsible for the restoration of any work damaged during the
course of the Works and shall bear any cost whatsoever incurred during the restoration or
make good of such works.

1.1.38 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Spills or discharges of pollutants (petroleum products, lubricants, solvents or other

compounds) resulting from the Contractor’s operations, or under his control, that may
cause adverse environmental effects shall be without delay reported to the Consulting
Engineer.

All cleaning shall be done in locations where debris and run-off shall be prevented from
gaining access to storm water and drainage courses.

Trucks hauling excavated or other loose material from the site on all roads other than those
constructed solely as haul roads shall have loads trimmed before leaving the site in order
that no spillage occurs. Any spillage shall immediately be removed forthwith to the approval
and direction of the Consulting Engineer.

Protect all surrounding private and public property from damage during the works.

Provide adequate measures to control dust at all times during the performance of the
Work, and cover or wet down materials to prevent blowing dust and debris, to the Bank’s
satisfaction.

Preserve existing trees. Do not trim damage or remove trees, including their roots, unless
previously authorized by the Concerned Authorities and the Consulting Engineer. Prevent
soil compaction by traffic or material storage in the root zone of trees to be protected, and
prevent root zone disturbance resulting from grade changes. Provide temporary erosion
control, fences, and other protective measures as required.

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 2. CLEARING, GRUBBING & REMOVAL

2.1.1 GENERAL
Clearing operations shall be strictly limited to the area to be occupied by the permanent
works unless otherwise directed or approved by the Consulting Engineer.
Clearing operations shall only be undertaken immediately prior to the commencement of
construction in the area concerned.

Underground and over ground structures with a salvage value shall be removed with care
and stored at points as directed by the Consulting Engineer and shall become the property
of the Employer, unless used for reinstating services. Such structures shall include blocks,
timber/wood, plastic and metal (reinforcing bars).

Living trees outside of grading limits shall be cut only as specified or directed by the
Concerned Authorities, and all branches or trees extending into the limits shall be trimmed
carefully to give a clear height as required over the Site.

Within areas where excavation or filling is to be carried out, the ground shall be cleared by
removing of top soil (about 150 mm thick), all living or dead trees, and stumps and root
mats shall be removed to a depth of not less than 0.3 m below the surface or a depth as
directed by the Consulting Engineer. With the exception of areas to be excavated, all
depressions made below the ground surface by the removal of stumps or roots shall be
refilled with suitable material and compacted to the satisfaction of the Consulting Engineer.

The areas denoted on the plans to be cleared and grubbed under this item shall be marked
on the ground by the Contractor and approved by the Consulting Engineer. The buildings
and the structures to be removed are shown on the Drawings. Clearing, grubbing and
demolition shall be done sufficiently in advance of the earthwork, road grading and building
operations.

2.1.2 DEMOLITION WORK

Fences, buildings or structures of any character upon or within the limits of the Works and
not considered for the construction shall be removed carefully by the Contractor entirely or
in part as specified or directed. The materials so removed shall be piled on the abutting
property, neatly and in an acceptable manner or otherwise disposed of as specified or
directed by the Concerned Authorities or Consulting Engineer. When fences enclosing
pastured land or orchards are required to be removed, the property owner shall be notified
sufficiently in advance to enable him to construct supplemental fences or make
arrangements as required.

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2.1.3 CLEARING

Clearing works shall include the removal of existing obstacles above ground, except
for buildings, for instance the removal of loose boulders up to 0.3 m3 volume,
fences, trees and vegetation. Trees must only be removed upon approval by the
Concerned Authorities.

The Contractor shall ensure that no vegetation within the right-of-way, other than
that within the area occupied by the Works, or as directed by the Consulting
Engineer, is harmed whether by felling, trafficking, fire or spoil disposal.

2.1.4 TOP SOIL REMOVAL

The Contractor shall remove topsoil as approved and directed by the Consulting
Engineer. The depth of the topsoil to be stripped shall be as directed by the
Consulting Engineer. Topsoil shall be stripped and stockpiled in locations safe from
erosion, mixing with other materials, or compaction by construction traffic. The
Contractor shall maintain a record of the volume and location of topsoil stockpiles.

Spoil materials removed by clearing, grubbing and demolitions shall be disposed of

by environmentally responsible means.

2.1.5 REMOVALS

In areas designated to be cleared and grubbed, all trees, stumps, down timber,
logs, snags, brush, undergrowth, matted roots, hedges, heavy growth of grass or
weeds, fences, debris, rubbish of any nature, natural obstructions and such
material which in the opinion of the Bank is unsuitable for the foundation of
pavements or other required structures, shall be removed.

Buildings, structures, foundations, wells, septic tanks, cesspools, and all like in-
ground or above grade structures shall be fully demolished within earthworks
grading areas. In other areas scheduled for construction of surface pavements,
demolitions shall be carried out to a minimum depth of 600 mm below the design
subgrade level. Notwithstanding the above, the roofs of all septic tanks, manholes,
etc. shall be removed so that all void within such structures can be backfilled with
fill type materials. Broken concrete, bituminous concrete, concrete blocks, or other
objectionable spoil material which cannot be used in backfill shall be disposed off
as approved by the Consulting Engineer and Concerned Authorities.

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 3. EXCAVATION & EARTHWORKS

3.1.1 GENERAL

The Excavation and Earthwork shall be carried out to the dimensions shown on the
drawings taking full account of existing excavated ground level, permanent water
table, periods of rainfall, and all matters relevant to this section of the Works.

All materials and workmanship shall comply with the latest edition of relevant
British Standards and with the Specification. In particular the recommendations of
BS 6031 shall be complied with.

The Contractor will be required if requested to submit his detailed proposals for
materials and methods to be used in carrying out the work, and these must be
approved by the Consulting Engineer before work commences. Items included are:
1. Details of plant and equipment
2. Proposed sequence of Works
3. Proposals for ensuring stability of excavations
4. Proposals for maintaining excavation free of standing water
5. Number of passes and depth of layers for compaction of fill

3.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF EARTHWORK MATERIALS

1. Suitable Material

Suitable material obtained from excavations shall be stockpiled for re-use. The
Contractor shall make his own arrangements for stockpiling and the provision of
Sites for the purpose.

2. Surplus and Unsuitable Material

Suitable material surplus to the total requirements of the Works and all
unsuitable material shall be removed to tips provided by the Contractor.

3.1.3 WORKMANSHIP

The methods adopted for the Excavation and Earthwork shall be determined by the
Contractor. The Contractor shall carry out the work in whatever material may be
encountered and shall use such methods and provide and operate such plant and
equipment as may be necessary to deal with every class of material.

Before commencing any Excavation or Earthwork the Contractor shall submit his
proposals for performing the work and obtain the Consultant's approval. The
proposals shall include details of the plant and equipment to be used and the
method and sequence of carrying out the work.

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 The Contractor shall carry out the Excavation and Earthwork to the dimensions and
profiles necessary for the proper construction of the Works shown on the drawings
or as instructed by the Consulting Engineer. In the event of excavations being made
larger than the sizes shown on the drawings or as instructed by the Consultant, the
Contractor shall fill in the excavated void to the correct profile using material as
specified hereinafter or as directed by the Consultant.

The Contractor shall take such precautions as are necessary to ensure the protection
of personnel on or adjacent to the Site and the maintenance and protection of any
adjacent property, structures or roads and retaining structures to sides of
excavation.

3.1.4 STABILITY & SHORING

The Contractor shall ensure the stability of existing shoring as may be necessary.
Should any slips, falls or settlement occur they shall be made good by the Contractor
using methods and materials approved by the Consultant to replace the existing
shoring. The existing Nailing to the sides of excavations shall be removed as work
proceeds except where instructed otherwise by the Consulting Engineer. Before
commencing any Nailing Removal the Contractor shall submit his proposals for
sequence for ensuring stability and obtain the Consultant's approval.

3.1.5 DEWATERING AND BAILING

The Contractor shall arrange the rapid disposal of water shed onto or entering the
Excavation or Earthwork from any source at any time during the construction. These
provisions shall include carrying out the work of forming the cuttings and
embankments in such a manner that their surfaces have at all times a minimum
crossfall and where practicable, a sufficient longitudinal gradient to enable them to
shed water and prevent ponding.

In pumping out excavations the Contractor shall ensure the stability of all structures,
excavations and earthworks.

Before commencing any Concrete Work the Contractor shall submit his proposals for
maintaining the Works free from standing water and obtain the Consultant's
approval.

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3.1.6 COMPACTION OF AREAS OF FILL & HARDCORE FILL

For other areas the dry density shall be 90% of maximum laboratory density except
where directed otherwise by the Consulting Engineer.

Materials used in areas of fill shall be compacted such that at least 9 out of every 10
consecutive samples taken under paving, ground slabs or foundations for structures
the following dry densities shall be obtained except where directed otherwise by the
Consulting Engineer:

(i) For the topmost 600mm below formation level, 95% of maximum laboratory
density.
(ii) For the remainder below formation level 90% of maximum laboratory density
except where directed otherwise by the Consultant.

Where shown on the drawings or directed by the Consulting Engineer granular fill
shall be placed and compacted against earth retaining structures. Such granular fill
shall consist of well graded crushed or uncrushed gravel, stone, rock fill, crushed
concrete or natural sand, or a combination of these. It shall not contain unsuitable
material.

Not less than 95 percent of the material shall pass a 125mm BS sieve and at least 90
percent shall pass the 75mm BS sieve. Up to 5 percent of the material may be made
up from isolated boulders not exceeding 0.15mm3 in size provided the fill can be
compacted in the manner specified.

The material shall possess the following values based on the following test
Standards:

Name of Test Minimum value Test Standard

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) ≥ 35% AASHTO T 193-81
Maximum Dry Density ( MDD) ≥ 2,000 kg/m³ AASHTO T 180 - 90
Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) ≤ 10 % AASHTO T 180 - 90
Plasticity Index (PI) ≤ 12 % AASHT0 T 90
Field Density Test ≥ 95% Compaction of Lab. ≥ AASHT0 191-86
MDD

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Sieve Analysis (AASHTO T88 – 90): Shall satisfy the following grading limits below.

ASHTO Sieves (mm) % Passing

50 100
37.5 80 – 100
19.0 60 – 95
4.75 30 – 85
2.00 20 – 75
0.425 15 – 40
0.075 9 – 25

All the required tests shall be carried out by a recognized laboratory to the approval
of the Consulting Engineer.

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 4. CONCRETE WORK

4.1.1 STANDARDS

The requirements of the British Standards, BS 8110 "The structural use of Concrete", BS
8007:1987 "Code of Practice for the Design of Concrete Structure for retaining Aqueous
Liquids", shall be followed where applicable.

The following British, ACI and ASTM Standards shall be complied with where applicable:

BS No. Title

BS 12: 1991 Ordinary Portland cement.

BS 812 Testing of aggregate.
BS 882: 1992 Aggregates from natural sources for concrete.
BS 1199 & 1200: 1976 Building sands from natural sources.
BS 1881 Testing Concrete (including non-destructive tests methods).
BS 3148: 1980 Tests for water for making concrete.
BS 4254: 1991 Two part polysulphide based sealant.
BS 4466: 1989 Scheduling, dimensioning, bending & cutting steel reinforcement.
BS 4482: 1985 Cold reduced steel wire for reinforcement.
BS 4483: 1985 Steel fabric for the reinforcement.
BS 4550 Methods of testing cement.
BS 5075 Concrete Admixtures.
BS 5328: Part 1: 1991 Specifying concrete.
: Part 2: 1991 Concrete mixes.
: Part 3: 1990 Procedures for producing and transporting concrete.
: Part 4: 1990 Sampling, testing and assessing compliance of concrete.
BS 5642: Part 1: 1978 Sills.
: Part 2: 1983 Copings.
BS 6954 Tolerances for building.
BS 7263: Part 1: 1990 Pre-cast concrete flags, kerbs, edging and quadrants.
: Part 2: 1990 Code of practice for Laying Pre-cast concrete units.
BS 8007: 1987 Concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids.
BS 8110 Structural use of Concrete.
BS EN 196-6 : 1992 Methods of testing cement - Determination of fineness.
BS EN 196-7 : 1992 Method of taking and preparing samples of cement.
BS EN 196-21: 1992 Determination of chloride, CO2 & alkali content of cement.

ACI

ACI 305 Hot Weather Concreting.

ACI 308 Standard Practice for Curing of Concrete.
ACI 318:89 Building Code Requirement for Reinforced Concrete.

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ASTM

ASTM A615/A615M-93 Deformed and Plain Billet Steel Bars

ASTM C33 -93 Concrete Aggregates.
ASTM C94-94 Ready mixed concrete
ASTM C150-94 Ordinary Portland cement Type 1.
ASTM C186-94 Heat of Hydration of Cement.

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4.1.2 QUALIFICATIONS

The Contractor shall follow the guide lines contained in the latest editions of the codes,
specifications and standards listed above, except where more stringent requirements are shown or
specified.

Plant and field inspection and testing of concrete and all ingredients there in, and reinforcement
shall be performed by an independent laboratory approved by the Engineer at the Contractors
expense. Materials and installed work may require testing and re-testing as directed by the
Engineer, at any time during the progress of the work which shall be carried out by the Contractor at
his own expense.

The Contractor shall provide free access to visit and inspect the materials, stockpiles and facilities,
proposed works, plants and sources of materials by the Engineer.

All tests including re-testing of rejected materials and installed work shall be done at the
Contractors expense.

4.1.3 METHOD STATEMENT

During the mobilization period the Contractor shall submit a method statement detailing his
proposal for the organization of all concreting activities at the site as well as off site for the approval
of the Engineer.

The Contractor shall submit method statements for any particular activity when called for by the
Engineer and demonstrate its feasibility through mockups/placement samples of appropriate sizes
as approved and directed by the Engineer.

4.1.4 MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP

a. Cement

Ordinary Portland cement complying with BS 12 or ASTM C 150 for Type I shall be used for all
Concrete works. Cement shall be of recent manufacture and shall be used within a period of 3
months from production.

b. Cement Test & Analysis

Prior to any shipment to site the Contractor shall supply the Engineer with the manufacturer's
statement of specification and test certificate together with the date of manufacture certified by an
independent agency in the country of origin. The date, quantity of cement and the number of the
relevant delivery note shall also be stated. Before or after delivery the Engineer shall have the right
to reject any cement if the result of additional tests he may request do not meet the required
standard. The Engineer shall have access to the cement store and have the right to take samples for
these additional tests. The Engineer reserves the right to take samples and order any additional/re-
tests in accordance with ASTM C186-94, BS EN 196-6:1992 and BS EN 196-7:1992 at no extra cost to

26 | P a g e
the Client. The Contractor shall remove all rejected cement from the site without delay.
c. Cement Storage

Cement storage shall be subject to approval and shall afford easy access for inspection and
identification of each shipment in accordance with test reports. It shall be used in the order in which
it was delivered.

Bagged cement shall be delivered to site in the manufacturer's original sealed bags or containers
and shall be stored in a dry, weather tight, properly ventilated structure, with adequate provisions
for preventing the absorption of moisture and raised at least 150 mm off the ground to prevent
deterioration. The storage shall be large enough to allow sufficient cement to be kept to allow
continuity of work. Not more than 10 bags shall be piled one on top of the other while shoring in
bags. Suitable shading shall be provided to limit the temperature to 40 deg. C.

If cement in bulk is used it will be stored in approved purpose made silos large enough to allow
continuity of work. No cement shall be stored on site for more than 2 months from the date of
production.

d. Aggregates General

All aggregates fine and course shall comply in every respect with BS 882: 1992 and ASTM C33. They
shall be well graded, clean, hard, free from undesirable material, and obtained from an approved
source.

It is preferred that the fine and course aggregates are obtained from the same source (approved at
the commencement of the works), throughout the Contract. If it is necessary to change to a further
approved source, all the tests on aggregates mentioned herein and elsewhere shall be repeated.

During excavation at a particular source of aggregate, care shall be taken to ensure that the
excavation does not get too close to the high water mark where there may be a high concentration
of salts due to the evaporation of water. The Engineer may inspect the source of aggregate during
the progress of the Contract, and may order further tests if he considers them necessary.

e. Grading of Aggregate

Course aggregate shall be prepared as single sized and blended to produce a normal size grading.
The combined grading shall be within the appropriate grading limits laid down in BS 882 and as
described below.

The gradation of fine aggregate shall be in accordance with BS 882. All-in aggregate shall be
permitted for low-grade concrete only.

For normal use, aggregates shall consist of fine aggregates (those passing a 5 mm (3/16") sieve, and
coarse aggregates (those retained on a 5 mm (3/16") sieve batched separately which, when
combined together, give a grading curve which lies within the following limits:

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 Sieve Size
U U % Passing by wt.
U U S ieve Size
U U % Passing by wt.
U

20.0 mm (3/4") 100 1.18 mm (No. 14) 16 - 34

10.0 mm (3/8") 45 - 75 600 µm (No. 25) 9-2
5.0 mm (3/16") 30 - 48 300 µm (No. 52) 2-1
2.36 mm (No. 7) 23 - 42 150 µm (No. 100) 0 - 15

The amount of material passing BS 75 micron sieve in the combined aggregates whentested in
accordance with BS 812 (wet sieving method) shall not exceed the following limits:-

I. Fine aggregate- 3% by weight

II. Coarse agg.-1% by weight

f. Sampling of Aggregates

Sampling and testing of aggregates when required by the Engineer shall be carried out in
accordance with BS 812. If adequate laboratory facilities do not exist on site, samples must be taken
and sent to a testing laboratory approved by the Engineer. Samples of about 0.015m3 (1/2 cu.ft.)
and 0.03 m3 (1 cu.ft.) of fine and coarse aggregate shall be sent in suitable airtight containers.

g. Testing of Aggregates

All fine and coarse aggregates shall be imported from sources approved by the Engineer and shall be
within the limits laid down in the table below in respect of contamination and reactivity:-

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CONTAMINATION AND REACTIVITY OF AGGREGATES

Property Method of Maximum Limit (% by weight)

test &
Standards

Clay, Silt and Dust Wet Sieving through Coarse Aggregates

0.075mm sieve, BS 812: Natural or Crushed Gravel 1
Part 103. %Crushed Rock

1%
Crushed Rock 1%
Fine Aggregates
Natural or Crushed Gravel 3
%Crushed Rock

5%
Clay Lumps ASTM C 142 Coarse Aggregate 1%
Fine Aggregate 1%

Organic Impurities ASTM C 40 Colour standard not darker than Plate No. 3

Chlorides AS C1 Acid soluble * Coarse Aggregate

BS 812: Part 117 0.0
2 %Fine Aggregate
0.0
5%
Sulphates as SO3 Acid Soluble * Coarse Aggregate 0.3 %
BS 812: Part 118 Fine Aggregate 0.3 %

Potential alkalireactivity If the total amount of potentially reactive

ASTM C 289 ** material exceeds 0.5 % by weight of the total
aggregate the alkali in the cement shall be
restricted to 3 Kg/m3 of concrete
Chemical method ofCement Innocuous
Aggregate Combination ASTM C
Innocuous
289 ASTM 6 month expansion 0.1 % max.

C 227`

* Strict control shall be exercised to ensure that the maximum chloride content indicated is
not exceed at any time. Any violations shall be cause enough for rejectionat any stage of the
construction.

** Aggregate may initially be assessed for its reactivity in accordance with ASTM C 289and if
potential reactivity is indicated than mortar bar tests in accordance with ASTM C 227 shall be
carried out.

The tests and the maximum acceptable limits sampled and tested in accordance with thespecified BS,
shall be as indicated in the table below:-

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RELEVANT TESTS AND STANDARDS FOR AGGREGATES

Property Method of test & Standards Maximum Limit (% by weight)

Contamination and As detailed in the table above

Reactivity
Grading BS 812: Part 103 (Dry) As detailed under Aggregates

Surface texture Descriptive, BS 812 Limit not applicable

Water absorption Weighing dry & saturated Coarse Aggregate 2 %

ASTM C 128 / C127 Fine Aggregate 2.3 %

Soundness 5 Cycles ASTM C 88 MgSO4 12 %

Na3SO4 12 %

Drying shrinkage BS 812: Part 120 Shrinkage 0.05%

Shell content
Coarser than 10 mm
Size 2.36 & 5 mm BS 812 Part 106 maximum 5%
Finer than 2.36 mm maximum 10 %
Particle shape
Flakiness index BS 812 Part 105.1 maximum 25 %
Elongation index Part 102.2 maximum 25 %

Specific Gravity ASTM C 128/C 127 Course & Fine aggregate 2.6

Mechanical 10% fines, BS 812: Part 111 Minimum 100 kN

Properties Impact Value Part 112 30 %
Los Angeles abrasion test
(ASTM C-131 or C-535) 30 %

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 h. Frequency of Routine Tests on Aggregate

The Contractor shall carry out the various tests at the frequencies indicated below:

However the Engineer shall reserve the right to call for additional tests wherever it iswarranted.

FREQUENCY OF ROUTINE TESTS ON AGGREGATES

Property Method of Test Maximum Limit (% by weight)

Grading BS 812 Part 103 Each 2 weeks or per 100 m3 whicheveris

more frequent.
Material finer than 0.075 mm BS 812 Part 103 Each 2 weeks or per 100 m3 whicheveris
more frequent
Clay lumps & friable Particles ASTM C 142 Each 2 weeks or per 100 m3 whicheveris
more frequent.
Organic impurities ASTM C 40 Each month or per 200 m3 whichever is
more frequent.
Water absorption ASTM C128/C127 Each month or per 200 m3 whichever is
more frequent.
Specific Gravity ASTM C128/C127 Each month or per 200 m3 whichever is
more frequent
Shell content BS 812 Part 106 Each 2 months or per 400 m3 whichever
is more frequent.

Particle shape BS 812 Part 105.1 & 105.2 Each 2 months or per 400 m3 whichever
and 105.2 is more frequent
Acid soluble chlorides, CL BS 812 Part 117 A & B At source and ) On each delivery to site1
Qualitative, Quantitative - Ditto - Appx C representative test per week of )
aggregate to be used
Acid soluble BS 812 Part 118 On each delivery to site
Sulphates S03 Appendices A/B 1 representative test per week of
aggregate to be used

Soundness, Mg S04 ASTM C88 (5 cycles) Each 48 concrete days

Mechanical strength
10% fines or impact BS 812 parts 111,112 Each 72 concrete days
LosAngeles abrasion ASTM C 131/C 535 Each 72 concrete days

Moisture variation by Moisture Meters Twice daily for sands

Drying shrinkage BS 812 Part 120 At start of project and whenever there is
a change in the source of supply.
Potential Reactivity (ASTM C295, C289) At start of project and whenever there is
-of Carbonate (ASTM C586) a change in the source of supply
-of cement aggregate
combination (ASTM P214 & C227)

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 i. Storage of Aggregates

The ready mix concrete supplier shall at all times maintain sufficient quantities of each type of
aggregate considered by the Engineer to be sufficient to ensure continuity of work.

Each type and grade of aggregate shall be stored separately in bins, in such a manner that
segregation of the various size particles shall not occur. The floors of the bins shall be of concrete or
other approved material having sufficient slope to ensure adequate drainage of aggregates before
being used for concreting.

Suitable precautions shall be taken to avoid contamination of aggregates by wind blown dust, etc.

Suitable approved shading shall be provided to control the temperature and any contaminations
especially chlorides.

Storage bins shall be emptied and cleaned at regular intervals as approved by the Engineer.

j. Water

Water for mixing and curing shall be obtained from an approved source and shall be clean and free
of acids, oils, vegetable, and deleterious matter which may have an effect on the strength and
appearance of the hardened concrete by discolouration or efflorescence.

The Contractor, when required by the Engineer, shall arrange for analysis of samples of the water to
be made by an approved testing laboratory and the water shall comply in all respects with the
requirements of BS 3148:1980.

The PH value of water shall be within the range of 7-9 and the concentration of inorganic
contamination shall not exceed the values indicated below:

- Dissolved solids excluding those listed below - 2200 ppm 0.20%

- Sulphates, alkali carbonates or bicarbonates - 1000 ppm 0.10%
- Chlorides - 500 ppm 0.05%
- Suspended solids - 2000 ppm 0.20%

Sea water and brackish water shall not be used for mixing concrete.

k. Admixtures and Additives

Admixtures and additives (water reducing additives, retarders, etc.) shall be used only with the prior
approval of the Engineer. Additives shall be subjected to tests before approval and during progress
of work on site at the discretion of the Engineer. All costs incurred towards all tests shall be borne
by the Contractor.

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Admixtures shall conform to one of the following standards:

- ASTM C494 Chemical admixtures for concrete.

- ASTM C1017 Chemical admixtures for use in flooring Concrete.

Admixtures/Additive shall:
o have no adverse effect on the shrinkage and water tightness properties of finished concrete.

o not have any added chloride (0%, Calculated as calcium chloride by weight of cement in the
concrete).

l. Water Proofing Admixture

Concrete mix for water proofing where specifically indicated shall be mixed with a hydrophobic
waterproofing, hydrophobic pore-blocking(HPB) admixture composed of ammonium stearate to
increase the water tightness and durability and reduce the absorbency of the concrete. The HPB
admixture shall be of an approved type which shall provide a waterproof and corrosion resistant
construction.

Concrete mix design, batching, placing, finishing, curing, handling, etc., shall be strictly in accordance
with the instructions and detailed specification of the HPB admixture manufacturer and subject to
the supervision of that company or their nominated representative.

A super plasticiser of proven compatibility with the HPB admixture, recommended by the HPB
admixture manufacturer shall be added to reduce the water content and maintain sufficient
workability. In all cases, the free water/cement ratio shall not exceed the limits indicated on the
structural drawings and other clauses elsewhere in this Section. No other admixtures shall be
included or added without the written approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall satisfy the
Engineer that the HPB admixture and any other additives/admixtures used either by themselves or
in combination, do not have any detrimental effect on the strength or other properties of the
concrete.

The Contractor shall conduct and test a trial mix of the concrete with the HPB admixture to satisfy
the Engineer that the concrete conforms to strength, water/cement ratio, slump, water absorption
value indicated below and other performance requirements as specified for Concrete.

Water absorption values must not exceed 1%, when tested in accordance with BS 1881: Part 122:
1983 on cubes that are 7 days old. Samples from the production concrete shall be taken at regular
intervals and tested to monitor compliance with the water absorption specification as directed by
the Engineer.

The Contractor shall ensure that the HPB manufacturer/ representative is provided free-on- site
service and access during mixing, batching and placing of concrete containing the HPB admixture
(both at the batching plant and at the site of placement).
The HPB representative shall inform the Engineer of any contraventions or irregularities noticed by
him regarding the batching, mixing and placing of the concrete with HPB admixture, despite his best
33 | P a g e
efforts to rectify the same.

The Contractor shall submit a written guarantee signed and countersigned by the HPB admixture
manufacturer/representative, the concrete supplier and the Contractor himself, providing a 10 year
guarantee against any leakage, deterioration and corrosion caused by the failure of the concrete
with the HPB admixture, from the date of issuance of the Provisional acceptance certificate.

The Contractor shall also pass on to the Client any and all guarantees provided by the manufacturer
of the HPB admixture and the supplier of the concrete.

The Contractor shall be required to repair/replace all defective work or damages resulting from
defective materials or workmanship including all replacement of material during the guarantee
period at no extra cost to the Client.

m. Cement Content

A cement quantity shall be chosen appropriate to strength and workability requirements. However
the minimum cement content shall be as detailed on drawings.

n. Workability of Mixes

The concrete shall contain the minimum water cement ratio possible compatible with such a
consistency that it can be readily worked into corners and angles of the formwork, and around the
reinforcement without segregation of the materials or bleeding of the free water at the surface. On
striking the formwork, the concrete shall present a face which is uniform, free from honeycombing,
surface crazing or excessive dusting. Where it is required to restrict the water cement ratio to below
a certain maximum limit for durability reasons, this limit shall be as stated in this specification. For
prescribed mixes, the water cement ratio shall be as indicated on drawings with slumps indicated
below:-

Max.Aggregate Size 40 mm 20 mm 10 mm

Workability Medium High Medium High Medium High

Slump Limits 50-100 100-150 25-75 75-125 10-25 25-50

o. Frequency of Sampling for Testing

Tests on cubes are to ensure that strength requirements are being met. Unless otherwise stated the
Contractor shall allow for making and testing a minimum of one set of 6, 150 mm cubes for every
100 m3 or part thereof of concrete. Cubes are to be taken from each part of the structure cast
during any one day, 'a part of the structure' being a set of columns, beams, foundations or an area
of slab. The Contractor will be required to carry out slump tests in accordance with BS 1881: Part
102:1983 to satisfy the Engineer that the slump requirements as specified under Workability of
34 | P a g e
Mixes are met.

p. Testing of Concrete

All sampling and testing of samples of concrete shall be carried out in an approved laboratory as per
BS 1881. Reports of all cube tests shall be supplied to the Engineer within 24 hours of being carried
out. All cost incurred with the testing and test records shall be borne by the Contractor.

Concrete cylinders 150 mm diameter, 300 mm high may be taken and tested in accordance with
ASTM C39. The minimum compressive strengths shall be as indicated on drawings or 80% of the
strengths specified for 150 mm cubes as applicable.

q. Records

Records on testing of materials shall be kept by the Contractor and a copy of each of the test results
shall be supplied to the Engineer.

The `record form' shall include, but not be limited to the following information as appropriate:
source of material, aggregate physical and chemical analysis tests, compatibility tests, date and time
of mix, batch number, ambient temperature, mix temperature, concrete grade, structural member
where the concrete is placed, compressive strength results, allowable concrete strength, method of
curing used, etc.

r. Prescribed Mixes

Concrete shall be as shown in the Table 1 below. The number of mixture may require to be
increased. The criteria given in Table 1 are designed to produce concrete of the required strength
and durability.

If the maximum aggregate size is 10 mm then the cement content stipulated for the class of
concrete given in the Table 1 shall be increased by 40 Kg. per m3.

Table 1 - Table of Mixes

Concrete Max. Size Min. Qty of Max. Water Characteristic Cube

Class Aggregate Cemet Cement Ratio Strength (CCS) N/mm2 Trial Mix
mm Kg/m3 7-day 28-day Strength
N/mm2

35/20 20 370 0.45 26 35 40

15/20 20 275 0.65 11 15 20

The CCS are for concrete which has been cured at a temperature of 20 degree C+ 1° C., and are the
values below which no more than 5% of the test results fall. The 7-day strengths shall be used only
as a guide.

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 Concrete shall comply with BS 8110 except where BS 8007 or this specification differs. Sampling for
test purposes shall comply with BS 1881 Part 101 (on site) and Part 125 (in laboratory) or ACI 318-89
as directed by the Engineer.

If air-entertainment is specified the average air content at the time of placing measured in
accordance with BS 1881 shall be:

- Concrete containing 20 mm
- Maximum size aggregate 5% + 1%

Concrete for water-retaining structures shall be watertight and shall comply with the
recommendations of BS 8007.

Concrete for paving or precast units shall be tested to BS 1881 part 118 and shall have a minimum
flexural beam strength of 3.5 N/mm2 at 28 days. If the concrete has a specified CCS of 40N/mm2 or
greater, then the minimum flexural strength shall be 4N/mm2.

If concrete specimens are cured at higher temperatures or for longer periods than BS 1881 Part 111
requires, the adjusted CCS shall be calculated as follows:

- 100f'/f = A + B log {24D (T+12)/1000)

f' = Adjusted CCS
f = Specified CCS
T = Curing temperature
D = Age at testing in days
A&B = are coefficients given in the following table

- The above equation applies only to OPC, MSRPC and SRPC

Recorded Cube
Strength N/mm2 A B

Less than 15 10.0 67.5

15 to 35 22.0 60.0
Greater than 35 30.0 52.5

The calculation may be applied for curing at temperatures up to 27 degree C.

Before placing concrete the Contractor shall obtain approval of the mixes proposed for each class of
concrete and the average target strengths. The mixes shall be designed to achieve the minimum
workability for the Contractor to place and compact the concrete with the equipment proposed for
use.

s. Trial Mixes

Preliminary laboratory tests shall be carried out to determine the mixes to satisfy the specification
with the approved materials.

Trial mixes shall be tested to determine the following properties of mixes proposed for initial field
36 | P a g e
tests:

- Bleeding in accordance with ASTM C232 (non- vibrating) shall not exceed .5%.
- Drying shrinkage in accordance with BS 1881 Part 5 or BS 6073 Part 1, Appendix D.
- Air content if applicable BS 1881 Part 106.
- Free water/cement ratio.
- Workability BS 1881 Part 102.
- Fresh and hardened concrete densities BS 1881 Parts 107 and 114 respectively.
- Compressive strength, BS 1881 Part 116.
- Water permeability DIN 1048(maximum 10 mm at 28 days and 15 mm at 7 days) If the values
obtained are unacceptable, the mixes shall be re-designed.

At least 35 days before commencement of concreting, trial mixes shall be prepared under full-scale
site conditions and tested in accordance with BS 1881.

Samples of concrete incorporating the reinforcing details to be used shall be cast and examined,
before hardening using hand tools, and after hardening by coring to assess the mixes. Cores shall be
taken in accordance with BS 1881 Part 120.

Trial mixes shall be made on each of three days; the workability shall equate to the designed target
value. Six cubes from each mix shall be taken, three for test at 28 days.

Further trial mixes shall be made if the range (the maximum minus the minimum of the three cubes
results in any batch) exceeds 15% of the average of that batch, or if the range of the three batch
average of the batches.

The mixes shall be tested to determine the following properties:

- Bleeding in accordance with ASTM C232

- Air content if applicable BS 1881 Part 106.
- Free water/cement ratio
- Tensile strength in accordance with BS 1881 Parts 117 and 118.

The average 28-day CCS of the three trial mixes shall not be less than the designed mean strength,
and the results of the above tests shall be acceptable before the mix is approved. Otherwise the mix
shall be re-designed.

The Engineer will review the Contractor's trial-mixes and crush the test cubes at seven (7) and
twenty-eight (28) days. The Engineer will then determine which of the trial mixes shall be used. If
none of the trial mixes for a class of concrete meets the specifications, the Engineer will direct the
Contractor to prepare or placed until its job-mix proportions have been approved by the Engineer.

The approval of the job-mix proportions by the Engineer or his assistance to the Contractor in
establishing those proportion, in no way relieves the Contractor of the responsibility of producing
concrete which meets the requirements of these specifications.

The Engineer may also require practical tests to be made of the site by filling trial moulds to confirm
the suitability of the mix for the works, the type of plant used for mixing, the method of compaction
used and the formwork face intended for use in the works.

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All costs connected with the preparation of trial-mixes and the design of the job-mixes shall be
borne by the Contractor.

t. Strength Requirements

Where the Engineer requires trial mixes to be made for prescribed mixes they shall be made as
described for designed mixes in BS 8110 Part 1, and the average strength of the 9 cube tests shall be
at least equal to the trial mix strength and the minimum strength of any one cube shall be at least
equal to the characteristic strength shown in Table 1 of Prescribed mixes.

During the course of the construction of the Works, the Contractor shall make test cubes as directed
by the Engineer. One set of six (6) cubes shall be taken from each individual concrete member, but
additional cubes shall be taken as directed by the Engineer. Three (3) cubes shall be tested at 7 days
and three (3) cubes shall be tested at 28 days as the Engineer directs. The average values of the
cube test results shall exceed the characteristic strength shown in Table 1 of Prescribed mixes, by
1.64 times the standard deviation of the test results.

u. Remedy in the event of Works Cube Failure

Should any of the 7 day Cube test results fall below the specified requirements, the Contractor shall
suspended all further work pertaining to and connected with the concerned work, if ordered to do
so until the 28 day cube test results are analysed. If the 28 day results are found satisfactory the
Engineer may permit the works to be resumed. The Contractor shall carry out investigation to
ascertain the cause for the failure at 7 days and shall submit his report and recommendation if any
for the review of the Engineer.

The Engineer shall review the same and may order and the Contractor shall carryout any remedial
measures to avoid further occurrences.

Should any cube test results of 28 days fall below the specified requirements, the Engineer will
decide whether the concrete in the work represented by those cubes can be accepted or not. Failing
acceptance, the Contractor shall carry out one or more of the following actions at his own expense
to prove the concrete used in the Works is within acceptable limits.

i. The drilling and testing of cored cylinders in accordance with the procedures laid down in
BS 1881: Part 120: 1983 and Part 124: 1988.

ii. The carrying out of load tests, or other non-destructive tests in accordance with the
procedures laid down in BS 1881: Parts 202 to 206.

The course of action to be taken, the size and location of cores for testing and interpretation will be
decided by the Engineer who will also approve the testing authority and laboratory. If the Engineer
after these secondary testing procedures have been completed, still considers that the concrete
used is not acceptable, the Contractor shall remove all sections of the works containing the
defective concrete and replace it with approved concrete at his own expense.

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The Contractor shall be solely responsible for all delays and losses cause as a result of the above and
shall not be entitled for any extension of time or claims.

v. Chloride and Sulphate Content

UC hloride Content:U The total chloride content of concrete made with Ordinary Portland
cement conforming to ASTM C 150 Type I & II shall be max. 0.15% expressed as % of chloride "ion"
by mass of cement.

US ulphate Content:U The maximum sulphate content shall not exceed 4.0% including
sulphate ions in cement, expressed as % of S03 by weight of cement.

The method of assessment and test shall be in accordance with BS 5328: Part 4: 1990.

w. Mixing Concrete

The concrete shall be mixed in an approved central batching plant and the weights of materials used
for each batch shall not exceed the manufacturer's rated capacities for the machine.

The batching plant shall be kept clean, free from hard or partially set cement, and well maintained
in good working order.

The time allowed for mixing (after all the materials have been placed in the mixer) shall be sufficient
for thorough mixing to take place. No hand mixing of concrete shall be allowed.

x. Ready Mixed Concrete

Concrete from approved suppliers of ready mixed concrete with proven record, shall be used in the
Works after satisfying all the requirements of these specifications, BS 5328, "Concrete" and ASTM C-
94, "Standard specifications for ready mixed concrete".
Prior to commencement of the works the Contractor shall furnish the following details to the
Engineer in addition to the concrete satisfying all the requirements stated in the relevant clauses.

- Name and qualification of supplier(s).

- Location of the supplier(s) plant and travel time to the site.
- Certificate of quality assurance.
- Quality control facilities.
- Certificate and test reports on concrete production and products.
- Source(s) of aggregates, cement, etc..
- Quality of water, aggregates and cement
- Production capacities.
- Supplier's test certificate giving results of tests an aggregates for workability, strength and chloride
content shall be submitted by the contractor to the Engineer at weekly intervals.
- Any other relevant data such as workability of concrete, admixtures, etc..

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Ready mixed concrete, mixed off site shall be transported in approved truck mixers and shall be
accompanied by a computer printout indicating the following:

- Admixtures and their quantities added.

- Quantity of Concrete.
- Actual batched weights of cement, aggregates, water.
- With a computer printout indicating the following:
- Date and time of charging the truck from the batching plant.

y. Truck Mixers

Truck mixers, unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer, shall be of the revolving drum type,
watertight, and so constructed that the concrete can be conveyed and discharged into the pumps at
site maintaining the uniform distribution of materials throughout the mass.

The maximum size of batch in truck mixers shall not exceed the maximum rated capacity of the
mixer as stated by the manufacturer and stamped in metal on the mixer.

Each and every delivery to site shall be accompanied with a computer printout indicating the
following:

- Admixtures and their quantities added.

- Quantity of Concrete.
- Actual batched weights of cement, aggregates, water.
- With a computer printout indicating the following:
- Date and time of charging the truck from the batching plant.

Concrete shall be discharged and placed in its final position in the form within thirty (30) minutes
after water is first added to the mix.

However, this time of 30 minutes may be increased with the use of approved retarders at the
discretion and approval of the Engineer, depending on the necessity and circumstances.

z. Transporting Concrete

Concrete, after being discharged from the mixer, shall be transported as rapidly as possible to its
final position in the works by means that shall be approved by the Engineer, and which shall prevent
adulteration, segregation, loss or contamination of the ingredients.

The concrete shall be placed and compacted in its final position within 30 minutes of the water
being added to the mix. However, this time of 30 minutes may be increased with the use of
approved retarders at the discretion and approval of the Engineer, depending on the necessity and
circumstances. On no account shall additional water be added nor further mixing be permitted.

The containers that convey the concrete shall at all times be kept clean and free from hardened or
40 | P a g e
partially hardened concrete.

The use of chutes, spouts or piped pumping shall be permitted only with the written approval of the
Engineer.

If the Contractor proposes the use of piped pumping for the transporting and placing of concrete, he
shall submit a method statement indicating full details of the equipment and operating system he
proposes to use for the approval of the Engineer. On approval the Contractor shall ensure that
shocks shall not be transferred from the pipeline to the formwork, previously laid concrete and the
structure.

The initial discharge of any pumped concrete shall be discarded and not be incorporated in the
permanent works.

When concrete is conveyed by chuting or pipes, the size and design of the plant and pipes shall be
so selected to ensure continuous flow in the chute or pipe. The slope of the chute or the pressure of
the pump shall allow the concrete to flow without the use of any water additional to that approved
by the Engineer to produce the required consistency and without causing segregation of the
ingredients. The delivery end of the chute or pipe shall be as close as possible to the point of
deposit.

The chute or pipe shall be thoroughly flushed with water before and after each working period and
kept clean. The water used for this purpose shall be discharged outside and away from any
permanent works.

aa. Plant Mix

Mixing at a central plant shall conform to the applicable requirements of the Standard Specification
for Ready-Mixed Concrete of ASTM: C-94 and this Specification.

The Concrete shall be mixed in a fully automatic computerized batching plant. The mixing machines
(scales/meters, etc.) shall be tested and calibrated for their accuracy by a specialist at regular
intervals of at least three months or such periods as approved by the Engineer. These test
certificates shall be submitted to the Engineer for his perusal/approval before the commencement
of works and after each test.

The accuracy of the measuring equipment shall be within 3 %. The measuring equipment shall be
maintained in a clean, serviceable condition.

Mixers shall be tested in accordance with BS 3963:1974 (1980). The quantities of all the materials
for concrete shall be charged to the drum by weight while the drum is revolving and shall be mixed
in its dry state for not less than 1 minute before water is added from the metered system.

The weights of fine and coarse aggregates shall be adjusted to allow for any free water contained in
them. Accordingly the amount of water to be added shall be reduced by this amount of free water
contained in the aggregates. The method of determining the free water content shall be approved
41 | P a g e
by the Engineer immediately before mixing begins each day and further during the day as the
Engineer desires.

Mixing shall continue until uniform distribution of materials and uniformity of consistency and
colour is obtained. The mixing shall be continued for at least 1 1/2 minutes after adding water.

Admixtures that have been approved as part of the design mix shall be added by approved
automatic dosing equipment capable of feeding fixed quantities into the mixing water before the
water is charged into the mixer.

The Contractor shall ensure that the materials used for each batch in the mixer do not exceed the
manufacturer's rated capacity for the machine. The machine shall be kept clean, free from any
residual material after depositing each batch of concrete and the mixer drum shall be washed and
cleaned out immediately following the completion of each concreting operation or when changing
to a mix using a different type of cement.

Site mixed concrete shall not be used without the specific written permission of the Engineer. No
hand mixing of concrete shall be permitted. However the ready mix supplier may erect a batching
plant on site to the approval of the Engineer.

bb. Retempering

The Concrete shall be mixed only in such quantities as are required for immediate use and any
concrete which has developed initial setting shall not be used. Concrete which has partially
hardened shall not be retempered or remixed.

cc. Inspection

Concrete shall only be placed after the Engineer has examined and approved the positioning, fixing
and condition of the reinforcement and any other items to be embedded, and the cleanliness,
alignment and suitability of the containing surfaces.

dd. Placing of Concrete

The concrete shall be placed in the position and sequences shown on the drawings and then
deposited as near as possible to its final position in such a manner as to avoid segregation of the
concrete, or displacement of the reinforcement or formwork. It shall be further deposited in regular
courses or layers not exceeding 300 mm thickness and mechanically compacted, unless otherwise
directed by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall so organize his work that the placing of concrete is efficient and continuous
between specified or approved construction joints. When vertical lifts of concrete are interrupted or
delayed for more than 20 minutes, the surface of the unfinished concrete shall be thoroughly
cleaned and washed with cement grout immediately before fresh concrete is added. The first layer
of new concrete placed shall not exceed 150 mm in depth and particular care shall be taken with
compaction of this layer to ensure a good bond. With vertical sections the unfinished concrete shall

42 | P a g e
be finished off with a clean surface and left for 24 hours to set before any further concrete is placed.
The surface shall then be thoroughly cleaned of all loose and foreign matter and laitance which may
necessitate the temporary removal of the formwork before placing the remaining concrete.

Concrete shall not be allowed to drop freely for more than 1.5 m. To convey the concrete as near as
possible to its final position, drop chutes of rubber or metal shall be used for small sections and
bottom dump buckets or other suitable vessels for large sections.

Laying of thin sections (such as floor slabs) in two courses shall not be permitted except where
specified or ordered by the Engineer.

Reinforced concrete must not be placed directly upon the ground. Where blinding concrete is used
as a base it shall be of grade specified on drawing S00 laid over the ground to provide a clean
working surface.

Extreme care shall be taken by the Contractor while placing/compacting concrete in the vicinity of
waterstops and ensure that:

- No air pocket/honey combing are included/formed.

- The correct alignment of the water stop is maintained without any wrinkles/twisting.
- Specified concrete cover to reinforcement is maintained around the waterstops.

Great care shall be taken to prevent sand or other foreign matter from being introduced into the
concrete from the workmen's boots or any other source. Structural concreting against open
excavations as a back shutter will not be permitted unless approved by the Engineer.

ee. Construction Joints

All construction joints either shown on the drawings or proposed by the Contractor shall be clearly
detailed on shop drawings and submitted to the Engineer for prior approval before commencing
work. However approval accorded by the Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his
obligations under the contract.

When construction joints necessitate the provision of water bars the same shall be indicated by the
Engineer on the drawings submitted by the Contractor who shall provide and install the same at no
extra cost to the project in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Beams, girders, haunches, drop panels and capitals shall be placed monolithically as part of the slab
system, unless otherwise shown in design drawings or specification. No construction joints shall be
permitted in respect of the above.

Vertical joints shall be formed by means of rigid stopends, and all horizontal joints shall be level.

The surfaces of all joints shall be thoroughly roughened, cleaned of all loose and foreign matter and
laitance, and washed with water. Just before concreting is resumed, the joint shall be treated with
either a thin layer of neat cement grout or a sand and cement grout mixed in the same proportions
as the sand and cement in the concrete. This grout shall be worked well into the surface of the
concrete. When indicated on drawings the surfaces of joints shall be treated with an approved
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epoxy bonding agent to the extents shown therein. The bonding agent shall be applied as
recommended by the manufacturer.

ff. Water Stops

Water stops shall be of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and shall be of sizes shown on the Drawings from a
manufacturer approved by the Engineer. Water stops shall be produced from virgin PVC base resin
and shall not contain any reclaimed material whatsoever.

Care shall be taken to correctly position and secure water stops in position during installation and
concreting. The manufacturer's recommended securing devices shall be used.

The center line of the water stop should coincide with the joint line. Splices in the continuity, and at
ends shall be heat sealed as recommended by the manufacturer. The handling, storage and
installation of the water stops shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Submit detailed shop drawings along with samples of the product, manufacturers product
catalogues and certificates for the approval of the Engineer.

Extreme care shall be taken by the contractor while placing/ compacting concrete in the vicinity of
waterstops to ensure the following:

- No air pocket/honey combing are included/formed.

- The correct alignment of the water stop is maintained without any wrinkles/twisting.
- No damage is caused to the water stops.
- Specified concrete cover to reinforcement is maintained around the waterstops.

gg. Compaction and Vibration

Full compaction of the concrete shall be achieved throughout the entire depth of the layer and
generally vibrators shall be used to achieve this. The concrete shall be thoroughly worked against
the formwork and around the reinforcement and successive layers shall be thoroughly worked
together. Air bubbles formed during mixing shall be expelled as far as practical and particular care
shall be taken where sloping formwork is used.

Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, approved power driven vibrators shall be inserted at
such distances apart or applied in such a manner as will ensure that the concrete is satisfactorily and
uniformly compacted. Immersion vibrators shall penetrate the full depth of the layer and when the
underlying layer is of fresh concrete shall enter and re-vibrate the layer to ensure the successive
layers are knitted together. Over vibration (causing segregation, surface laitance or leakage through
the formwork) shall be avoided. Immersion vibrators shall be withdrawn slowly and vertically to
prevent the formation of voids. Vibrators shall not be used to work the concrete along the forms, or
in such a way as to damage formwork, other parts of the works, or displace the reinforcement.
External vibrators shall not be used except with the approval of the Engineer.

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 hh. Protection and Curing of Concrete

Concrete shall be protected from wind, rain, running water and drying effects of wind, sun and high
temperature. The exposed concrete surface shall be protected as follows:-

Immediately after finishing, polythene sheeting shall be placed on all concrete surfaces. After the
initial set has taken place, the polythene sheet shall be replaced immediately by wet hessian
covered by polythene sheets and shall be kept moist for a minimum period of 10 days from the date
of placing.

Continuous wetting or spraying with a self-destructive approved curing membrane shall be used on
surfaces where it is not possible to cover with wet hessian and polythene sheets such as soffits of
slabs and the like, immediately after striking the formwork. The forms must be continuously wetted
during the curing period to reduce evaporation effects through the formwork and keep the
temperature of the concrete down by the evaporation process.

ii. Concrete in Hot Weather

Throughout the summer months and during hot weather suitable means shall be provided to ensure
that the temperature of the concrete when deposited does not exceed 32 degrees C and the
ambient temperature is not greater than 39 degree C. Aggregate stockpiles shall be shielded from
direct sunshine and sprayed with fresh water, especially when evaporation rates are high, due
allowance being made for the extra water in the concrete mix design.
Mixing water shall be refrigerated, or have flake ice added and cement shall be stored in white
coloured insulated silos or sheds. The Contractor shall erect all necessary shades over and around
the concrete being poured to prevent the sun's rays from coming into direct contact with the
surface of the concrete or the formwork for a period of at least seven days from the time of pouring
the concrete.

The means of shading shall be by the use of hessian, interwoven palms, grass mats or the like,
suspended on a suitable framework approved by the Engineer. A suitable air gap shall be
maintained between the undersides of the shades and the surface of the concrete.

Concrete placing shall be completed as quickly and efficiently as possible to reduce transit time.
Curing of exposed concrete surfaces shall be immediately carried out as specified herein.

jj. Damaged Work

Should any concrete be damaged through neglect in taking the foregoing precautions, or for any
other negligence on the part of the Contractor the Engineer may, at his discretion, require the
damaged work to be removed and reinstated by the Contractor at his own expense.

kk. Underwater Concreting

Concreting under water will not be permitted unless called for in a particular specification or agreed
by the Engineer.

ll. Reinforcement
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Steel for reinforcement shall be as shown on the Drawings and shall comply with ASTM A 615 for
round bars and deformed high yield bars, and ASTM A 496 for deformed steel wires. All reinforcing
steel shall be grit blasted to near white finish of Sa 2 1/2 standard to be free from loose mill scale or
rust, oil, grease and other harmful matter immediately before inclusion in this works and shall
remain within the limits of over and under weight allowed in the relevant ASTM standards.
The reinforcement steel shall be maintained in the same conditions till the time of placement of
concrete. If the steel does develop any rust or declaration due to delay in placement of concrete it
shall be grit blasted again or cleaned as directed by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall produce the relevant test certificates from the Mill producing the
reinforcement steel for the approval of the Engineer before placing orders to establish the source.

Tests shall be carried out on reinforcement bars delivered to the job site in an independent
laboratory approved by the Engineer for compliance with the requirements of the above mentioned
Standards. At least 2 samples of each size and type shall be taken as directed by the Engineer and
tested.

The Contractor shall provide, in addition, copies of the manufacturer's certificates of test results
relating to the steel reinforcement for each consignment brought to site.

The above procedure shall be followed for each and every batch of reinforcement steel ordered and
supplied to site.

mm. Storage of Reinforcement

All reinforcement bars or fabric reinforcement shall be stored under cover on timber over concrete
or steel crib supports suitably spaced and of sufficient height to keep the steel at least 1 m above
the ground. All steel shall be protected from all aggressive elements to the approval of the Engineer.

The reinforcing steel shall be neatly stored, separated in sizes and clearly marked with its diameter
or size.

nn. Bending of Reinforcement

The Contractor shall submit detailed bar bending schedules for the approval of the Engineer.

All reinforcing steel shall be bent accurately to the dimensions and curves shown on the Drawings.
All bending shall be to the requirements of BS 4466:1989 be completed before positioning the steel
in the Works, and normally no heating or welding shall be allowed.

oo. Placing and Fixing Reinforcement

The reinforcement bars, ties, links, stirrups and all other reinforcing members shall be positioned as
shown in the Drawings. Corner bars in columns and beams shall be cranked for the entire length of
the lap so that the minimum cover requirements are achieved and the true alignment of the

46 | P a g e
reinforcement is maintained. The concrete cover to the reinforcement shall be as specified on the
Drawings.

Binding of reinforcement bars shall be done using soft steel binding wire which shall be, approved
soft steel wire of 1.5 mm dia. (16 gauge). Purpose made approved, plastic chairs of suitable sizes to
hold the reinforcement in position and plastic spacers appropriate to provide the desired concrete
cover shall be used.

pp. Fabric Reinforcement

Fabric reinforcement shall be of an approved type complying with the requirements of ASTM A 184 -
"Fabricated deformed steel bar mats" and the weights and dimensions shown on the Drawings and
shall be supplied in flat sheets. Rolls of fabric reinforcement will not be accepted.

Fabric reinforcement shall be bent accurately to the required shapes before the fabric is laid in
position. All bending and cutting shall be done cold and no heating or welding shall be al- lowed.

All fabric shall be lapped for a minimum length of 300 mm unless otherwise stated on the drawings
and tied together on both the longitudinal and transverse directions, and all lapping shall be
sufficient for the steel to develop its full strength.

qq. Welding of Reinforcement

In special circumstances where shown on the Drawings, or instructed by the Engineer, mild steel
reinforcement may be welded together, and the welds tested if so desired by the Engineer. High
tensile steel shall on no account be joined in this way.

rr. Concrete Cover to Reinforcing Steel

Cover to reinforcement shall generally be in accordance with the relevant British Standards, or as
shown on the Drawings.

ss. Formwork Construction

Forms shall be of such quality and strength that throughout the placing, compaction, vibration and
setting of the concrete the designed and constructed formwork maintains rigidity, position and level
within the allowable tolerances shown below from the levels and dimensions on the Drawings. If
timber forms are used they shall be of sound, well-seasoned timber and free from all loose knots.

T ype of Structure
U U Tolerance

Buried or unexposed concrete + 13 mm (+ 1/2")

Exposed concrete + 6 mm (+ 1/4")
Floor slabs and paved areas + 3 mm (+ 1/8")

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All joints shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of grout. If movement or deflection of
formwork or loss of grout occurs, and if the Engineer so directs, the Contractor shall cut out and
replace the concrete supported by such formwork at his own expense.

For all faces that will be exposed to view or to liquids, formwork shall be constructed and faced with
plywood or other approved material so that the inside surfaces are smooth, true and free from all
irregularities.

For all other faces of concrete except against existing structures rough formwork may be used,
which may be plain sawn timbers, or blockwork.

The inside surfaces of all formwork shall be cleaned and coated with the appropriate grade of BP
Energol mould oil. Care shall be taken to prevent the reinforcement from being contaminated.

Where it is required to use internal ties and spacers, their type, spacing and use shall be to the
approval of the Engineer. In no circumstances shall these ties and spacers protrude out of the
finished concrete. All ties and spacers must be cut back into the structural concrete and the surfaces
made good to satisfy the requirements of the minimum concrete cover to the steel.

Concrete shall not be placed until the relevant formwork has been inspected and approved by the
Engineer though this shall not relieve the Contractor from the requirements as to soundness, finish
and accuracy specified.

A period of not less than 24 hours notice shall be given to the Engineer to allow for the examination
and approval of the formwork and reinforcement prior to placing concrete.

tt. Removal of Formwork

Removal of formwork shall comply with BS 8110, Part 1, 1985 unless otherwise specified.

Forms shall be removed in such a manner as will not damage the concrete. No forms shall be
removed until the concrete has gained sufficient strength to support itself. Centers and props may
be removed when the member being supported has gained sufficient strength to carry itself, and
the load to be supported on it, with a reasonable factor of safety.

The following table is a guide to the minimum periods which must elapse between the completion
of the concreting operations and the removal of formwork. Notwithstanding this table, no prop or
formwork shall be removed without the approval of the Engineer and such approval shall not relieve
the Contractor of his responsibilities for the safety of the structure.

- Vertical sides of beams, walls, upstands and columns 3 days

- Soffits of slabs and concealed beams with props left undisturbed

(removing and refixing of props not permitted). 5 days.

- Soffits of drop beams, inverted beams and props left undisturbed

below slabs and soffits of concealed beams. 14 days.

- Props of cantilever beams and slabs. 28 days.

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Any proposal of the Contractor to strike the formwork earlier than the specified periods if submitted
along with a detailed analysis of concrete strength at which the formwork or props may be struck, to
prove that the deflection and bending stresses are within the allowable limits, shall be reviewed by
the Engineer. The decision of the Engineer after their review shall be final and binding on the
Contractor and no claim for any additional cost or time shall be entertained in this regard.

While concreting upper slabs, beams etc. at least the lower two floors immediately below shall be
adequately supported by props to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

After removal of formwork no remedial works shall be attempted until the work has been inspected
by the Engineer. If, in his opinion, any defect cannot be made good satisfactorily he may direct the
Contractor to replace such work at the Contractor's expense.

Curing shall commence immediately on removal of formwork, as specified under "Protection and
curing of Concrete" in this specification.

uu. Chamfers

All exposed external angles of concrete shall have 25 x 25 mm chamfers and the formwork
construction shall allow for that.

vv. General Protection of Concrete Substructure

All reinforced concrete substructures shall be protected from aggressive actions of soil, ground
water and all detrimental influences due to soil quality at the site.

Substructures, ie. foundations and basements, short columns, walls, etc., which are in contact with
soil shall be protected by two coats of cement based waterproofing coating similar to Thoroseal of
Thoro System Products of Belgium or equal and approved, as detailed on drawings. Likewise
blinding surfaces that are in direct contact with the substructure elements indicated above shall also
be applied with two coats of the waterproofing coating.

ww. Protection of Ground Slab, Ramps, Steps, etc.

Ground slabs, ramps, steps, and the like which are in contact with soil shall be protected by an
approved polythene sheet of 1000 gauge (0.254 mm) thickness laid on blinding concrete as detailed
on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The continuity of the sheet shall be maintained by
minimum laps of 100 mm secured by approved adhesive or tape where necessary and/or as
directed by the Engineer. Polythene sheet shall be as specified elsewhere in this section.

xx. Polyethylene Sheet

Polyethylene sheets shall be provided to areas as indicated on the drawings either in transparent or
black colour to gauges shown therein. Polyethylene sheets shall be manufactured from 100% prime
first grade quality resins to BS 6515:1984. Materials manufactured from recycled, off spec. or waste
materials shall not be accepted. The polyethylene sheet shall exhibit all the characteristics of BS

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6515:1984 and the Contractor shall produce necessary test certificates to the Engineer to prove the
same. Overlaps shall not be less than 100 mm and shall be sealed together using an approved
adhesive or tape. The material shall be supplied, stored and installed in accordance with the
manufacturers written instructions.

yy. Dry Shake Floor Hardner

Dry shake floor hardner shall be a ready to use blend of non-metallic synthetic mineral aggregate,
cement, and special additives produced in a factory under quality controlled environment. The
product shall exhibit the following characteristics:

- Hardness : Min 7 on the Mohs scale

- Compressive strength : 70 N/mm2 : BS 6319: part 2: 1983
- Abrasion Resistance : 82 % more than controlled concrete grade 30.
- Chemical Resistance : Shall resist oils, mild acids, salt solutions 10%, when
cured with a sealing coat.

The rate of application and the method of application shall be strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. However generally, the following procedure shall be adopted:

Application of the dry shake floor hardner shall begin when the base concrete has hardened enough
to a point when light foot traffic leaves an imprint of 3 mm and any bleed water has evaporated.

A raised trestle spaning the slab or appropriate bay widths shall be used. The application shall be
carried out in two stages.

Stage 1 - 2/3 of the total required material shall be broadcasted evenly by hand onto the concrete
surface.

When the material becomes uniformly dark by the absorption of moisture from the concrete, this
first application shall be floated with a wooden float.

Stage 2 - Immediately after floating, the first application, apply the balance of material evenly as in
the first application. The surface will be floated again with a wooden float after the surface has
obtained a darker hue.

When the surface is sufficiently firm enough to take the weight of foot traffic the surface shall be
finished by means of a power float to produce a smooth slip resistance surface. Care should be
exercised to ensure that the surface is not over worked.

The surface shall be adequately protected during further construction and shall be coated with a
sealer coat as detailed in Section 10, Internal and External Finishes.

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 zz. Concrete Floating Slab/Sound Isolation Slab

General: Concrete floating slab/Sound isolation slab shall be installed as part of the complete sound
and vibration isolation system as detailed and scheduled on the drawings and/or as specified herein.

The floating slab shall be from an approved manufacturer with a proven record of at least 5 years of
successful installation of similar development.

The Contractor shall prepare and submit shop drawings along with complete technical literature/
catalogue for the system and design calculations substantiating that the required noise and
vibration levels are met with for each of the situations. Samples of the products shall also be
submitted for the approval of the Engineer.
Materials: All sound isolation materials specified herein shall be provided by a single manufacturer
to assure single responsibility for the proper performance of the isolation system.

The floating floor system shall consist of a proprietary roll-down system of load bearing, high
density, molded, pre-compressed, drawn fiber glass isolation pads, individually coated with a
flexible elastomeric membrane and bonded into a grid matrix of die cut panels in low density fiber
glass foil backed material. Isolation pads shall not be less than 50 mm thick and shall be of flame
annealed glass fibers with nominal fiber diameters not exceeding 0.00027 inch and shall have been
stabilized by pre-compression and satisfactorily passed dynamic test for isolation performance. The
isolation pads shall be spaced to cater for the dead, live and vibration loads that the slab is
supporting.

Reinforced concrete slab shall be cast over the roll-down isolation system to thickness indicated on
the drawing or as approved by the Engineer, over a 12 mm thick exterior grade plywood shuttering
held together by 100 mm x 50 mm x 22 gauge sheet retention plates and wood screws at suitable
intervals, to prevent the movement of individual shuttering boards during concreting. 2 layers of
1000 gauge polythene sheets shall be provided with the 100 mm overlaps and sealed with approved
adhesive tape. The joints of the sheets of the 2 layers shall be staggered. The Contractor shall
ensure that no water/moisture penetrates to the roll-down system.

Proprietary perimeter isolation boards 19 mm thick, shall be provided for the full height of the
floating slab thickness. The exposed surfaces of the vertical isolation board shall be filled and sealed
with silicone sealant over appropriate baker rods as recommended by the manufacturer of the roll-
down system.

Workmanship: The installation of the floating floor system shall be strictly in accordance with the
written installation procedures recommended by the isolation material manufacturer and approved
by the Engineer.

5. MASONRY BLOCK

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 These specifications cover the supply of materials, manufacture and workmanship of concrete
blocks intended to be used for the construction of blockwalling partition, facings, etc. required for
the project in accordance with the Drawings, Bills of Quantities and as directed in writing by the
Engineer.

5.1.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Codes and standards:

1. B.S. 890 Practice 121, part 1: 1973 latest revision.

2. ASTM C67, Method for sampling and testing bricks.
3. B.S.1257, Methods of testing clay building blocks.
4. B.S.5628
5. B.S.5390
6. B.S. 1243 Latest edition
7. ASTM Designation C150
8. ASTM Designation C91
9. BS 12
10. ASTM C207, "Specification for Portland Cement", Type II
11. ASIM C33, "Specification for Concrete Aggregate".
12. ASIM C207, "Specification for hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes.

B. Use adequate numbers of skilled workmen who are thoroughly trained and experienced in the
necessary crafts and who are completely familiar with the specified requirements and the
methods needed for proper performance of the work of this Section.

5.1.2 PRODUCT HANDLING

All cement, sand, lime shall be stored on the site in such a manner that it will be protected against
adverse weather conditions.

All mortar ingredients shall be shadded from direct sunlight at least 24 hours prior to use in order
that such ingredients are not excessively hot when the mortar is mixed.

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5.1.3 MATERIALS

A. Cement: Cement for hollow blocks and mortar shall be fresh Portland cement ASTM Designation
C150 and conforming to American Society for Testing Materials Standard Specification ASIMC 150,
and white cement ASTM Designation C91 and BS 12.

B. Aggregates: Aggregates for solid and hollow concrete blocks and mortar shall conform to the
requirements for fine aggregates in the CONCRETE Section.

C. Water: Water to be used in blockwork shall conform to the requirements specified for water in the
CONCRETE Section.

D. Lime:
1. Lime shall be non-hydraulic lime complying in all respects with B.S. 890 and shall be prepared in
accordance with the appropriate requirements of British Standard Code of Practice 121 : part 1:1973,
latest revision.

2. The Contractor must satisfy himself by analysis or otherwise that the ground lime is not adulterated or air-
slaked.

3. Factory-produced, dry, hydrated, non-hydraulic or semi hydraulic lime, ready for use, shall be mixed with
sand and made into coarse mix or be soaked to putty by mixing with water and allowing to stand not less
than sixteen hours before use.

4. The lump or ground non-hydraulic or quick-lime shall be slaked, run to putty and matured for not less than
two weeks.

5.1.4 CONCRETE BLOCKS

A. Aggregate shall be so sized, graded, proportioned and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with such
proportions of cement and water as to produce homogeneous concrete mixture. However, in no
case shall the proportion of cement in the mixture be less than five (5) standard bags (each weighing
50kgs) per cubic meter of concrete.

B. Blocks shall be manufactured from the highest quality Portland cement and aggregate that is locally
available. Sources of cement and aggregate shall be approved by the Engineer prior to
manufacturing any block.

C. Precast concrete blocks shall be manufactured in approved vibrated machines. If for any reason the
strength requirement is not achieved, the cement shall be increased at the Contractor’s own
expense. The water used in the mix shall be clean and of a sufficient quantity to allow complete
hydration of the cement without providing an excess when moulding.

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D. Units shall be reasonably uniform in compressive strength and in all dimensions, and shall be straight
and free from cracks, spalls and other defects. Any blocks which slow visible defects will be rejected
by the Engineer and any lots of blocks failing compressive tests will be rejected by the Engineer.

E. Concrete blocks shall be obtained from an approved local factory. If manufactured on site, the blocks
shall be press moulded in approved moulds and vibrating pressure machines with a minimum of
2800 cycles per minute.

F. Blocks shall be cured in the shade by being kept thoroughly moist with water applied by sprinklers or
other approved means for a period of at least seven days. The blocks shall be stocked on a clean and
level platform free from earth or other impurities during the curing process, and shall be stocked in
honey-comb fashion after curing. The blocks shall not be used prior to one month after the date of
manufacture, nor shall any block be used that have not been inspected and approved by the
Engineer.
G. Concrete blocks shall be of the following dimensions :- Height = 200mm + OR - 1% Tolerance
Length= 400mm + OR - 1% DO Width = As required + OR - 1% DO

The nominal width of blocks shall be as indicated on the Drawings and as directed in writing by the
Engineer.

H. Hollow concrete blocks shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Density of hollow concrete blocks shall not be less than 1500kg/m3 but shall not exceed 2160kg/m3.

2. Compressive Strength at Twenty Eight Days. Over Cross-Sectional Area:

a. Load-Bearing Walls:
60kgs/cm2 average of 12 blocks. 50kgs/cm2 minimum for any block.

b. Non-Load- Bearing Walls: 30kgs/cm2 average of 12 blocks. 25kgs/cm2 minimum for any block.
Water Absorption 20% or less of dry weight.

I. Blocks shall be hollow, with two air cells. The cross sectional area of the voids in hollow blocks shall
not exceed 40% of the total cross - sectional area. Provide solid blocks where indicated or required.

J. The design of the cavities and webs of the hollow concrete blocks shall be submitted to the Engineer
prior to manufacture. The thickness of the face shell and of the membrane of solid portions shall be
nowhere less than 40mm. The combined thickness of the solid portions shall be not less than one
fourth (1/4) of the width and length of the block respectively.

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5.1.5 MORTAR

A. Mortar shall be prepared in the following proportions with the addition of the minimum quantity
of clean water for workability:

Cement and sand mortar (1:3) mix, shall be composed of one part cement to three parts of sand
by volume.

B. Mortar shall be consist of 350 kgs of cement per cubic metre of sand with an addition of 10% of
hydrated lime (by weight of cement ).

C. Hydrated lime up to one quarter by volume of the dry cement may be added for bedding blocks,
upon the approval of the Engineer, to improve workability without appreciably reducing the
strength.

D. Sand shall be clean , sharp sand which is coarse , well graded and free from site, clay, salts and
other impurities , sand shall conform to ASIM C33, Specification for Concrete Aggregate.

E. The ingredients for cement and sand shall be measured in proper clean gauge boxes and the
mixing shall be carried out by means of an approved mechanical batch mixer, and mixed for at
least 1 1/2 minutes.

F. Water shall be clean clear fresh water from a source approved by the Engineer.

G. In the case of cement-lime mortar, the sand and lime shall be mixed first and the cement added.
It shall be assumed that the lime has not increased the bulk of the sand.

H. Cement mortars shall be used within thirty minutes after mixing. Hardened mortars shall not be
used in the work and shall, upon the request of the Engineer, be immediately removed from the
Site.

I. If hand mixing of mortar is resorted to, the ingredients shall first be mixed dry in a clean
watertight box until uniform colour is obtained after which water shall be added in such a
quantity as to form a stiff plastic mass.

5.1.6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS EXECUTION

A. The Contractor shall provide all necessary scaffolding which shall be adequate and safe in all
respects. Scaffolding shall be maintained during construction and removed from the project site
upon completion of the masonry work.
B. Prior to begining work, the Contractor shall set up sample wall panels of concrete block masonry for
approval by the Engineer, Panels shall demonstrate conditions as they will occur in the executed
work, all materials being exactly in accordance with contract requirements. Wall panels shall remain
in place until masonry work is substantially completed and approved by the Engineer. Wall panels
shall be one meter square.
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5.1.7 WORKMANSHIP

A. All block work shall comply in general with the recommendation of BS 5628 and 5390.

B. All blockwork shall be laid straight and true in strict accordance with the dimensions, thicknesses and
heights shown on the drawings and/or as instructed in writing by the Engineer. Walls shall be carried
up regularly without leaving any part more than one meter lower than another unless the permission
of the Engineer is first obtained.

C. All walls and partitions, where shown on the drawings without indicating the type of the block to be
used, shall be built in hollow concrete blocks, unless otherwise directed in writing by the Engineer.

D. The courses on blockwork shall be properly levelled. All joints shall be filled with mortar, the
horizontal joints continuous and the vertical joints broken at each course.

E. The blocks shall be well soaked before being used and built in position as shown on the drawings and
the tops of walls left off shall be wetted before work is recommenced. All blocks shall be well
buttered with mortar before being laid and all joints shall be thoroughly flushed up as the work
proceeds. All joints shall be in uniform manner and shall not exceed 10mm no one portion being
raised more than one meter above another at one time, and wall of partition necessarily left at
different levels, must be raked back. All prepends, quoins, internal and external angles, etc.. properly
bonded together and leveled round. All blockwork shall be plumbed vertically.

F. The surface of the walls and partitions prepared for plastering, shall have the joints raked out 20mm
from the face of the wall to form key for the plaster.

G. All blockwalls shall be bonded to reinforced concrete columns by means of wall ties, complying in all
respects with B.S. 1243 latest edition. The ties shall be minimum 200mm long of which 100mm shall
be embedded in the reinforced concrete column and the remainder set into the blockwall at the rate
of two ties per meter. Partitions shall be bonded to main wall by toothing at every fourth coursed
into main wall to a depth of not less than 100mm.

H. All walls and partitions shall be properly cured by sprinkling water for a period not less than three
days after completion of laying the course.

I. Walls and partitions terminating against soffits of beams or slabs shall be lightly wedged with metal
wedges after mortar in bed joints has attained its initial set, and the joint packed with mortar.

J. Cut and fit blockwork next to reinforced door, window, jambs and sills, and form chases for the ends
of door and window lintels. No blocks shall abut any built- in fixtures e.g...door and window frames,
apertures, louvers, etc....

K. Pigments shall be added to the mortar used for pointing in the right proportions as recommended by
the manufacturer.

L. Once a mix has been established producing an acceptable colour, nothing should be changed.
Altering the proportions of the source of the supply of the sand or cement would almost certainly
alter the colour of the mortar. The Contractor shall take into consideration that the colour of the

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mortar changes while it is drying and setting.

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M. All block walls shall be bonded to adjacent reinforced concrete structures by means of galvanized
mild steel cramps at every third course, complying in all respects with BS 1243 latest edition. The
cramps shall be minimum 200mm long one end bent up and shot fired into the reinforced concrete
and the remainder set into the block wall. Partitions shall be bonded to main walls by toothing at
every third course to a depth of not less than 100mm.

N. All walls and partitions shall be properly cured by sprinkling water for a period not less than three (3)
days after completion of laying the course.

O. Walls and partitions terminating against softies of beams or slabs shall be lightly wedged with metal
wedges after mortar in bed joints has attained its initial set, and the joint packed with bitumen
impregnated building board strips of appropriate thickness (10,12,18mm).

P. Special block shall be fitted next to the reinforced concrete structure, door and window, jambs and
sills, and to form chases for the ends of door and window lintels. No hollow blocks shall abut any
built in fixtures, eg. door and window frames, apertures, louvers, etc.. All hollow blocks at jambs of
doors and windows shall be filled in with Class B concrete and where shown reinforced. Where
blockwork is described as fairfaced, selected hard, sharp, clean blocks shall be used with well-defined
arrises and perfectly rectangular shape. Joints shall be finished off with neat flush pointing, taking
care to keep mortar from adhering to any part of the face of the block.

Q. Cut or leave all chases, apertures, etc... as required for fittings, frames, wiring conduits, cables pipes,
etc. Cutting of masonry units shall be executed with equipment or other means approved by the
Engineer.

R. All walls shall be thoroughly bonded in accordance with the best constructional practice and as
directed by the Engineer. Broken blocks shall not be used except where required for bond. Vertical
and horizontal joints shall not exceed 1cm in thickness.

S. Blockwork over lintels shall be reinforced with two layers of expanded metal mesh reinforcement
well bedded in mortar and 150mm longer at each end than the lintel concrete. Concrete lintels in
walls of any thickness shall extend 20cm on either side of the door or window jambs, as the work
proceeds. The walls which are shown on drawings to be left unplastered as directed shall be faced
with selected blocks built fair and pointed with a neat flush joints.

T. All contact surfaces between block layers, shall be completely covered with mortar. When laying
blocks avoid pounding of the corners and jambs after units have been set in position, started to set,
the mortar shall be removed and replaced. All blockwork shall be laid with cells vertical, except
where otherwise directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall not allow scaffolding or other
objects to dump or rub against block walls or partition. Partitions and walls shall extend from floor
slab to underside of floor above unless otherwise shown.

U. The Contractor shall co-ordinate the work with all other trades for the building in of items such as
sleeves, piping, anchors, lintels, flashings, clamps, dowels, bearing plasters, fire cabinets, electrical
panels, etc. described under other sections of the Specifications. All work thus builtwork. The
Contractor shall also be responsible for the co-ordination of the work with other trades which
require openings and cutting into masonry work. The responsibility includes all work connected with
the patching and making good of all cut masonry work.

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 6. TILE WORKS

6.1.1 GENERAL

A. Work included: Provide porcelain/ ceramic tile where shown on the Drawings, as
specified herein, and as needed for a complete and proper installation.

B. Related work: Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and
Supplementary Conditions, Bills of Quantities and Specification sections, apply to work
of this section.

C. In accordance with ASTM C373, Porcelain tile is defined as Ceramic tile that has a
water absorption of 0.5% or less. The certified Porcelain tile logo placed on the
packaging for tile meeting this stipulation is attainable with the help of the ANSI
A137.1:2022 standard.

6.1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE

D. Use adequate numbers of skilled workmen who are thoroughly trained and
experienced in the necessary crafts and who are completely familiar with the specified
requirements and the methods needed for proper performance of the work of this
Section.

E. Provide manufacturer's Master Grade Certificate stating type and location of each tile
material in this Section.

F. All tile shall have a Master Grade Certificate that all tile is of First Quality Standard
Grade manufacturer, based on the requirements established under the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI C-137), latest edition and revisions, and shall be
furnished before proceeding with tile work. The certificate shall be in the approved
form, shall certify as to the grade, class, kind and quality of the tile, and shall be signed
by both the tile applicator and the tile manufacturer. Adequate information shall be
included for identifying corresponding shipping packages.

G. Method of installation of ceramic tile shall be in strict accordance with manufacturer's

recommendations. All tile shall be pre-soaked, installed, grouted, cleaned, protected
and cured in accordance with requirements of ANSI Standard Specifications as follows:

1. ANSI 108.2 Conventional Set Ceramic Tile at Floors.

2. ANSI 108.1 Conventional Set Ceramic Tile at Walls.

3. ANSI 108.5 Portland Cement at Floors.

4. ANSI 108.3 Conventional Set Quarry Tile at Floors and Bases

H. Work shall be commenced only after grounds, anchors, plugs, hangers, bucks, electrical
and mechanical work which are to be in or behind tile, are installed. All surfaces shall be
dry and clean before setting beds are applied.

I. The tile applicator shall install all tile using lighting conditions that will represent the
proposed lighting required in the areas involved. This requirement will be insisted upon
in order to achieve uniformity in laying out tile.

J. Tile shall be applied at all wall areas where mirrors and surface mounted accessories
are to be installed.

6.1.3 SUBMITTALS

K. Product data: Within 45 calendar days after the Contractor has received the Owner's
Notice to Proceed, submit:

1. Materials list of items proposed to be provided under this Section.

2. Manufacturers' specifications and other data needed to prove compliance with the
specified requirements.

3. Samples of each type, class, and color of ceramic tile required, not less than 3 square
meter, mounted on plywood or hardboard backing, and grouted as specified.

L. Except when specifically exempted by the Engineer, submit Master Grade Certificates
for each shipment of ceramic tile prior to arrival of the shipment as the job site.

M. Samples: Submit samples of all grout, cement, waterproofing compound and other
materials specified herein to the Engineer for selection and approval.

N. Ceramic Tile: Submit duplicate samples of four tiles mounted on rigid panel board for
each requested color range. Samples shall show full range of color variation that can be
expected in the finished work. Board shall include grouted joints.

6.1.4 PRODUCT HANDLING

A. All materials, insofar as practicable, shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original

unopened containers and packages with seals unbroken and labels intact and shall be
stored in a dry place. Materials such as limes and cements which are partially caked, the
containers for which show water stains, of which are otherwise damaged or unsuitable
for use shall be removed from the premises immediately. The containers for tile shall be
marked with designations corresponding with the information given on grade
certificates.

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6.1.5 CERAMIC TILE

A. General

i. Tile as specified above for floors and walls shall be thoroughly and evenly matured
and free from defects which affect appearance or serviceability. Tile shall be free
of fractures and rough spots. Tile shall be less than 1% absorption, stainproof,
dentproof and frostproof.

ii. Provide ceramic tile and accessories complying with Tile Council of America
Specification 137.1, in colors and patterns selected by the Engineer from standard
colors and patterns of the approved manufacturers.

B. Ceramic Floor and Wall Tile

I. Ceramic floor tiles shall be non-slip tiles from an approved source, and first quality.
Wall tiles shall be white, glazed impervious ceramic tiles from an approved source
and as shown on drawings. Include all special shapes such as caps, coves, coved base,
corner pieces, etc.., required to complete the work according to best trade practice,
whether or not such special shapes are specifically called for.

II. Base shall be same finish as wall tile.

6.1.6 SETTING MATERIALS

C. Comply with pertinent recommendations contained in the Tile Council of America

"Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation".

D. Cement: Used for conventional setting beds shall be standard brand of Portland
Cement, conforming to current ASTM C-150, Type II.

E. Cement Setting Bed: For thin-set tile at floors shall be Portland Cement. Sand shall be
added to mix in compliance with manufacturer's directions.

F. Hydrated Lime: Shall be ASTM C-206, Type S.

G. Sand: Shall be clean, sharp, durable bank sand, free from slit, loam, clay, soluble salts
and/or vegetable matter, conforming to ASTM C-144 and graded fine to coarse within
the following limits: 100% passing no. 8 sieve, 90% to 100% passing no. 16 sieve, 60%
to 90% passing no. 30 sieve, 25% to 66% passing no. 50 sieve, and 0 to 15% passing no.
100 sieve.

H. Prepared Grout: Portland Cement. Grout for tile at toilet room floors and shall be
acid-resistant grout, mixed in strict compliance with manufacturer's directions. Color
of grout shall be as selected by Engineer. Job mixing colors will not be permitted.
 I. Water: Shall be clean, fresh and suitable for domestic consumption.

J. Latex-portland cement mortar:

1. Provide a commercially prepared mixture of portland cement and special latex
additive for use as a bond coat for setting tile.

2. Comply with ANSI A118.4.

K. Organic adhesive: Provide a prepared organic material, ready to use with no further
addition of liquid or powder, which cures or sets by evaporation. Comply with ANSI
A136.1, using type I where exposed to prolonged water presence and using type II at
all other locations .

L. Special tile setting mortars will be considered by the Engineer when complete
technical data is submitted in advance.

6.1.7 GROUT

A. Comply with pertinent recommendations contained in the Tile Council of America

"Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation" in colors selected by the Engineer from
standard colors available from the approved manufacturers.

B. Commercial Portland cement grout:

i. Provide a commercially prepared mixture of Portland cement and other ingredients

producing a water-resistant, dense, uniformly colored material.

ii. Secure the Engineer's specific approval of the proposed material prior to use.

6.1.8 OTHER MATERIALS

A. Provide other materials, not specifically described but required for a complete and
proper installation, as selected by the Contractor subject to the approval of the Engineer.

B. Sealant: Sealant shall be based on silicone type recommended for tile work as
approved by the Engineer. Color shall be "white" or "clear" as selected by the
Engineer.

EXECUTION

6.1.9 PREPARATION OF SURFACES

Thoroughly examine all surfaces to receive work of this Section, and notify Engineer in
writing of all conditions which would adversely affect this work. Do not commence
work in any area where such notice of adverse conditions has been sent to the
Engineer, until corrective work has been completed or waived. Preparation of
respective areas shall be in accordance with requirements of the Tile Council of
America, Inc.

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6.1.10 CERAMIC TILE FLOOR INSTALLATION

A. General: Concrete to receive setting beds, shall be completed and waterproofing where
applicable shall be properly cured before commencement of floor tile installation.

B. Setting Bed For Floors: Shall be composed of one-part Portland cement, six-parts damp
sand by volume with waterproofed compound, mixed is accordance with
manufacturer's specifications. When mixed with water the mortar mix shall be of such
consistency or work-ability as to promote maximum density, determined by stroking
the mortar surface with a trowel. When of correct consistency the trowelled surface
readily assumes a smoothed, slickened appearance. Screed and tamp setting bed firmly.
Setting beds shall be in thickness as shown on the drawings. While the setting bed is still
fresh but stiff enough to set tile, set tile as follows.

C. Setting: The setting bed shall be applied and rodded to a true and even surface. Trowel
or brush a thin layer, 8mm (1/32") to 1.6mm (1/15") in thickness, of neat Portland
cement paste over the bed and/or the back of tile. A thin layer of dry Portland cement,
8mm (1/32") to 1.6mm (1/16") thick over the setting bed and working lightly with a
trowel may be permitted. These area (setting bed and cement paste) shall be limited to
what can be covered with tile before the mortar sets. Tile shall be pressed firmly into
the bed tamping with wood blocks to obtain smooth surface. All tile shall be aligned
properly, straight joints in even widths determined by the spacers on the ceramic tile;
and in instances where ceramic tile is not manufactured with spacers, widths shall be
1.6 mm (1/16"). Tamping shall be completed within one (1) hour after placing tile.
Adjusting work out of line shall be done within the one (1) hour period.

D. Pattern: Floor ceramic tile shall be applied in stack pattern. Align floor joints with the
joints at walls.

E. Floor Grouting: Refer to "Grouting" Paragraph specified hereinafter.

F. Sealant: Refer to "Sealant" paragraphs specified herein.

6.1.11 CERAMIC TILE WALL INSTALLATION

A. General: Areas to receive tile shall be completed before commencement of any tile
work.

B. Scratch Coat: Apply one (1) part portland cement, four (4) parts damp sand, 1/5 part
lime by volume. prior to application saturate concrete evenly, do not leave surface
water. Apply to approximately 6mm (1/4") thick finish shall be cross scratched ready to
receive float coat.

C. Float Coat Mix: One (1) part portland cement, four (4) parts damp sand, 1/5 part lime
by volume. Prior to applying the float coat the scratch coat shall be thoroughly cured.
Saturate the scratch coat evenly; do not leave surface water. Provide a plumb, true
mortar surface the proper thickness from finished wall line. Total thickness of float coat
shall be in accordance to details. Apply float coat the bed remains plastic. While bed is
still plastic, set tile as follows.
D. Setting Tile:

a. The float coat at walls and base shall be applied and rodded to a true and even
surface. Trowel or brush a thin layer 0.8mm (1/32") to 1.6mm (1.16") in
thickness, of neat Portland cement paste over the bed and/or the back of Tile.
Where areas (float coat and paste) shall be limited to what can be covered with
tile before the mortar sets. Non-vitreous tile shall soak at least 1/2 hour in
clean water and drain off excess water. Each tile must be completely immersed
during the soaking period. Remove tile from water and stack on edge
sufficiently long edges shall be re-soaked and drained. Allow no free moisture to
remain on backs of tile when being set.

b. Tile shall be pressed firmly into the float coat bed, tamping with wood blocks to
obtain smooth surface. All tile shall be aligned properly, straight joints in even
widths determined by the spacers on the ceramic tile; 9.5mm (1/16") Tamping
shall be completed within one (1) hour after placing tile. Adjusting tile out of
line shall be done within the one (1) hour period.

6.1.12 SURFACE CONDITIONS

Examine the areas and conditions under which work of this Section will be performed.
Correct conditions detrimental to timely and proper completion of the Work. Do
not proceed until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected.

6.1.13 INSTALLATION

A. General:
1. Comply with ANSI A108.1, ANSI A108.2, and the "Handbook for Ceramic Tile
Installation" of the Tile Council of America, except as otherwise directed by the
Engineer or specified herein.

2. Maintain minimum temperature limits and installation practices recommended by

materials manufacturers.

3. Do not install tile floors over membrane until the membrane has been tested and
accepted.

B. Limits of tile:
1. Extend tile into recesses and under equipment and fixtures to form a complete
covering without interruptions.

2. Terminate tile neatly at obstructions, edges, and corners, without disruption of

pattern or joint alignment.

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 C. Joining pattern:

i. Walls shall be laid in stack bond.

ii. Lay tile in grid pattern unless otherwise indicated on the Drawings or directed by
the Engineer.

iii. Align joints when adjoining tiles on floor, base, trim, and walls are the same size.

iv. Layout tile work, and center the tile fields both directions in each space or on each
wall area.

v. Adjust to minimize tile cutting.

vi. Provide uniform joint widths.

D. Provide expansion and control joints where shown on the Drawings, and where
otherwise recommended by the "Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation" of the Tile
Council of America.

6.1.14 SEALANT APPLICATION

A. Apply silicone sealant in joints where ceramic tile terminates at floor drains, control and
expansion joints and other areas where shown on the Drawings. Co-ordinate with
trades affecting these items.

B. Application of sealant shall conform to applicable requirements set forth under

Caulking Section. Requirements therein shall become a part of the work under this
Section as though written out in full herein.

3.2 CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. Cleaning:
1. After grout has thoroughly set, sponge and wash tile thoroughly and diagonally across
joints. Remove all surface cement and take care not to damage tile or adjacent materials.
Do not use acid cleaners. Finally, clean all tile using dry cloths.
2. Upon completion of placing and grouting, clean the work of this Section in accordance with
recommendations of the manufacturers of the materials used.

3. Protect metal surfaces, cast iron, and vitreous items from effects of acid cleaning.
4. Flush surfaces with clean water before and after cleaning.

B. Protection: Protect tile after cleaning with non-staining heavy kraft paper or other
approved coverage until acceptance of the building. The Contractor shall replace torn or
worn papers once tile setter has completed his work.

3.3 CLEAN UP

Remove from the site and legally dispose of at the end of each day, all cartons, rubbish
and debris resulting from the work of the Section.
 7. ACOUSTICAL CEILINGS

GENERAL

7.1.1 DESCRIPTION

A. Work included: Provide acoustical ceilings where shown on the Drawings, as specified
herein, and as needed for a complete and proper installation.

B. Related work: Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and
Supplementary Conditions, Bills of Quantities and Specification sections, apply to work
of this section.

7.1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Use adequate numbers of skilled workmen who are thoroughly trained and
experienced in the necessary crafts and who are completely familiar with the specified
requirements and the methods needed for proper performance of the work of this
Section.

B. Acoustical False Ceiling tiles shall be non-combustible conforming with the

requirements of the American Federal Specifications SS-A 118b and shall be as
described in the current Acoustical Materials Association Bulletin, Sound- Absorption
Coefficients of Architectural Acoustical Materials.

C. Acoustical ceiling tiles or panels shall be of the size, thickness, whether perforated or
non-perforate, design and finishes shown on the Drawings and /or stated in the Bills
of Quantities.

7.1.3 SUBMITTALS

Product data: Within 45 calendar days after the Contractor has received the Owner’s
Notice to Proceed, submit :

1. Materials list of items proposed to be provided under this Section.

2. Manufacturer’s specifications and other data needed to prove compliance with the
specified requirements.

3. Shop Drawings in sufficient detail to show suspension, layout, lateral restraint, installation,
anchorage, and interface of the work of this sectionwith the work of adjacent trades.

4. Manufacturer’s recommended installation procedures which, when approved by the

Engineer, will become the procedures used on the work.

5. Samples of each item, color and pattern available in the specified grades from the proposed
manufacturers.

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7.1.4 PRODUCT HANDLING

A. All manufactured items shall be delivered in the original package, containers, etc.
bearing the name of the manufacturer and the brand. Each piece of material shall
bear the official grade and trade mark of the association under whose rules it is graded
or the material shall be accompanied by a Certificate of Inspection issued by that
association.

B. During and after installation , acoustic tiles shall be protected by adequate measures
from construction hazards that could interfere with its operation or damage its
appearance or finish. Materials and manufactured items shall be stored in an approved
manner and shall be protected from exposure to weather or dampness during transit
and after delivery to Site.

7.1.5 EXTRA STOCK

A. Deliver to the Owner for his use in future modifications, and extra stock of
approximately 2% of each type of acoustical material installed , packaging each type of
material separately, distinctly marked, and adequately protected against deterioration.

PRODUCTS

7.1.6 GRID SYSTEM

A. General: The exposed metal grid system for suspended ceilings shall be made of
aluminum sections or factory hot dipped galvanized steel sections and the concealed
system shall be made of steel sections painted with approved rust inhibitive primer as
recommended by the manufacturer of suspended ceilings and approved by the
Engineer.

B. Suspension system for lay-in tile suspended ceilings shall be an exposed interlocking
metal and grid suspension system consisting of main runners and interlocking cross
tees and shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer. Exposed suspension
members shall be finished in white baked enamel.

C. Provide a complete system of supporting members, anchors, wall cornices, adapters

for light fixtures and grilles, and accessories of every type required for a complete
suspended “T” grid system of the arrangements shown on the Drawings, in color or
colors selected by the Engineer from standard colors of the approved manufacturer,
and complying with pertinent requirements of UL, and the governmental agencies
having jurisdiction

D. The grid system shall be installed to provide 600X600mm module as requiredby light
fixture and tile size. The main runners shall be hung by direct suspension from ceiling
slab or structure by means of no. 12S.W.G. galvanized wire or shall be clipped to 2@
rolled steel channel anchored to concrete.Hangers and main runners shall be spaced in
accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and recommendations governed by
exposed maximum load.
 Main runners shall be accurately leveled and spaced. A baked white enamel finish
metal angle moulding or trim matching the exposed grid shall be installed where
border units about the wall or other vertical surface.

E. Acceptable products:
i. Armstrong
ii. Equal products of other manufacturers when approved in advance by the
Engineer.

7.1.7 ACOUSTICAL CEILING PANELS

A. Acceptable products :
1. Armstrong 705 AEX
2. Equal products of other manufacturers when approved in advance by the
Engineer.

7.1.8 OTHER MATERIALS

A. All suspension members, hangers, wires, strips, clips, clamps, etc. shall be of the
sizes and types recommended by the manufacturer of the suspended ceiling
systems.

B. Provide other materials, not specifically described but required for a complete and
proper installation, including all suspension members, hangers, wirs, strips, clips,
clamps, etc. of the sizes and types recommended by the manufacturer of the
suspended ceiling systems as selected by the Contractor subject to the approval of
the Engineer.

EXECUTION

7.1.9 SURFACE CONDITIONS

A. Examine the areas and conditions under which work of be this Section will performed.
Correct conditions detrimental to timely and proper completion ofthe work. Do not
proceed until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected.

B. False ceiling materials shall be installed under temperature and humidity conditions
similar to those which will exist when the building is occupied. They should not be
installed when buildings are damp and cold or dry and hot. Plastering, floor and wall
cladding shall be completed and allowed to dry before the installation of acoustical
materials commences. All windows and doors shall be in place and glazed. Poured or
precast concrete or similar roof decks shallbe thoroughly dry.

C. Buildings shall be examined before beginning work to determine that it is properly

enclosed and the structure is in proper conditions to receive acoustical materials
and/or suspended system. Areas shall be broom cleaned and uninterrupted for free
movement of rolling scaffold.

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7.1.10 INSTALLATION, GENERAL

A. Except as modified by requirements of governmental agencies having jurisdiction,

recommendations of the manufacturer as approved by the Engineer, or specific
directions of the Engineer, install in accordance with ASTM C636 and the pertinent UL
design requirements.

B. Lateral bracing:
1. Provide lateral bracing as required by pertinent codes and regulations.

2. Secure lateral bracing to the direction of the partition and four ways in large
ceiling areas.

C. Hold down clips: Provide hold- down clips for ceiling boards only when so
required by governmental agencies having jurisdiction.

D. Levels: Make all grid level within a tolerance of one in 1000 and straight within a
tolerance of one in 1000.

E. Openings: Special care shall be taken by the Contractor to provide in the false ceilings
openings were called for by the Engineer. Should the Contractor fail to make all the
necessary openings required at the appropriate time he will be required to do so at his
own expense.

F. Defects: Damaged materials and manufactured items shall not be installed in the
Works and any such materials or items damaged after installation shall be removed
and replaced by the Contractor at his own expense and to the entire satisfaction of the
Engineer.

G. Protection: All false ceiling shall be protected from damage until the completion of the
Works. Should any damage be caused it shall be made good to the satisfaction of the
Engineer at the Contractor's expense.

7.1.11 INSTALLATION OF ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS

A. “T” grid system: Install acoustical ceiling boards so linearity of facing is as
directed by the Engineer..

B. Sound walls: Set acoustical ceiling boards in four continuous beads of 1/4” diameter
sealant, one at top of each edge of the gypsum drywall and tow on topof the top metal
runner track.

C. Special access hatches as required shall be provided next to air conditioning and
ventilation units and wherever required by the Engineer. Mounting details shall be
applied for the surrounding edge of lighting fixtures and air inlets and outlets and edge
of ceiling.
7.1.12 CLEANING UP

A. In addition to other stipulated requirements for cleaning, completely remove

finger prints and traces of soil from the surfaces of grid and acoustical materials,
using only those cleaning materials recommended for the purpose by the
manufacturer of the material being cleaned.

B. Following installation, the Contractor shall clean soiled or discolored surfaces of units,
remove and replace any unit which is damaged or improperly installed to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.

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 8. SECTION 06 GYPSUM BOARD

GENERAL

8.1.1 DESCRIPTION

When a fire resistance rating is indicated for a gypsum board assembly, details of
construction shall be in accordance with reports of fire tests of assemblies which
have met the requirements of the indicated fire rating.

When a sound transmission class (STC) rating is indicated for a gypsum board
assembly, details of construction shall be in accordance with reports of acoustical
tests of assemblies which have met the requirements of the indicated acoustical
rating.

Details of construction not specified herein shall conform to applicable

requirements of ASTM C840.

8.1.2 REFERENCES

A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

1. ASTM C11 Standard Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building Materials and
Systems

2. ASTM C36 Specification for Gypsum Wallboard

3. ASTM C475 Specification for Joint Compound and Joint Tape for Finishing Gypsum Board

4. ASTM C630 Specification for Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Board

5. ASTM C840 Specification for Application and Finishing of Gypsum Board

6. ASTM C954 Specification for Steel Drill Screws for the Application of Gypsum Board or Metal
Plaster Bases to Steel Studs From 0.033 in. (0.84 mm) to 0.112 in. (2.84 mm) in Thickness

7. ASTM C1002 Specification for Steel Drill Screws for the Application of Gypsum Board or Metal
Plaster Bases

8. ASTM C1047 Specifications for Accessories for Gypsum Wallboard and Gypsum Veneer Base

9. ASTM E497 Standard Practice for Installing Sound-Isolating Lightweight Partitions

8.1.3 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

A. In addition to the foregoing referenced standards, the regulatory requirements

which govern the work of this Section include the following governing code:

1. California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code,
Chapters 25 and 25A, “Gypsum Board and Plaster.”

8.1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. Words and terms used in this Section and not defined herein shall be interpreted
in accordance with the definitions given in ASTM C11.

8.1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Installation and Finishing: Comply with applicable requirements of the California

Building Code, Chapters 25 and 25A, and ASTM C840.

B. Installation of Sound-Retardant Partitions: Comply with applicable requirements

of ASTM E497.

8.1.6 JOBSITE CONDITIONS

A. Maintain room temperature of not less than 40 degrees F during application of

gypsum board, and 50 degrees F during application of joint treatment and for 48
hours thereafter. If temporary heat is provided, do not allow the temperature to
exceed 95 degrees F.

B. Maintain adequate ventilation in the working area during installation and

finishing.

8.1.7 PRODUCT DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Deliver materials to the site and store them in the work area if possible, so that
materials will have a minimum period of 24-hours storage at the same temperature
as the installation area.

C. Store gypsum board in the horizontal position. When necessary to stack palettes,
align blocking vertically to avoid distortion of boards.

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 PRODUCTS

8.1.8 MATERIALS

A. Board Type and Thickness: Refer to indicated details and notes on the Contract
Drawings for type and thickness of board. Where thickness is not indicated, provide
5/8-inch-thick board.

B. Gypsum Wallboard: ASTM C36, furnished with tapered longitudinal edges and in
lengths which will result in a minimum footage of joints.

1. Provide foil-backed gypsum wallboard for interior facing of exterior walls where
gypsum wallboard is scheduled for the interior finish and for gypsum wallboard
furred over concrete or masonry.

C. Fire-Rated Board: Provide Type X board for assemblies indicated to have a fire-
resistance rating.

D. Water-Resistant (W/R) Backing Board: ASTM C630, 5/8-inch thick. Provide Type X
water- resistant gypsum backing board where water-resistant gypsum board walls
and ceilings are indicated to have a fire-resistance rating.

E. Joint Compound and Tape: ASTM C475, joint tape, taping compound, and
finishing compound. All-purposed compound may be substituted for taping
compound and finishing compound.

F. Accessories: ASTM C1047, galvanized steel. Provide metal corner bead for all
external corners and angles and metal edge trim at all junctions of gypsum
wallboard and walls of other materials and for all exposed edges.
G. Screws: ASTM C954 or ASTM C1002, as applicable for type of metal framing, of
required lengths.

H. Sealant: Sealant for holes or penetrations in acoustical and damp-service

partitions shall conform to applicable requirements of Section 07 90 00 - Joint
Protection.

EXECUTION

8.1.9 INSTALLATION

A. Apply gypsum wallboard in accordance with applicable requirements of ASTM

C840.

B. Before applying gypsum board, verify that corners and framing are plumb, true,
and solid. Apply no gypsum board until conduits, boxes, pipes, ducts, vents,
supports, fixture frames, blocking and backing, and the like are in place and
 inspected, tested, and approved as required. All edges and ends of gypsum board
shall have solid bearing.

C. Apply wallboard over metal framing and furring with self-drilling, self-tapping
screws installed with an electric screw-gun equipped with adjustable screw depth
control. Drive screw heads slightly below the surface of the wallboard, taking care to
avoid breaking the paper face or fracturing the gypsum core. Space screws a
maximum of 12 inches on center in the field of boards and 8 inches on center
staggered along the abutting edges for walls, and 7 inches on center along abutting
edges for ceilings. Do not drive screws closer than 3/8 inch from edges and ends.

D. Apply wallboard first to ceilings and then to walls, using maximum practical
lengths to minimize end joints. End joints will not be permitted on walls or partitions
less than 16 feet in height. Wallboard shall be applied vertically to walls. Joints on
opposite sides of the same wall or partition shall occur on different studs. Boards
shall be installed in moderate contact, not forced in place.

E. In two-ply gypsum board construction, apply the base ply perpendicular to

framing members and the face ply parallel to framing members. Laminate face-ply
to base-ply with adhesive or all-purpose compound. Fasten with a sufficient number
of screws to hold the board in place until the laminating adhesive or compound has
set, but not less than 12-inch spacing on ceilings and 16- inch spacing on walls.
Joints in the face ply shall be offset from joints in the base ply by not less than 16
inches.

F. Provide metal corner bead at all vertical and horizontal external corners and
angles. Provide metal edge trim at all junctions of gypsum wallboard and walls of
other materials or where there are exposed edges.

G. At acoustical or sound walls, penetrations of walls shall have a minimum

clearance of 1/4 inch along their perimeters at wallboard, which shall be filled with
sealant. Fill all voids completely with sealant. Install wallboard 1/4 inch to 3/8 inch
above floor and fill resultant space with sealant. Achieve maximum sound insulation
through careful installation work in jointing, sealing, taping, and staggering of joints.

H. Gypsum wallboard surfaces shall have a maximum variation of 1/8 inch in 8 feet
when a straightedge is laid on the surface in any direction.

8.1.10 TAPING AND FINISHING

A. Tape and finish all joints, corners, metal accessories, screw heads, damaged or
abraded surfaces, and cutouts for the work of other trades in accordance with ASTM
C840 and the drywall materials manufacturer's instructions and recommendations.

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 B. Joints, wall and ceiling angles, and inside vertical corners shall be reinforced with
tape embedded in taping compound and finished with not less than two
applications of finishing compound, allowing each application to dry thoroughly and
sanding between coats as required. Dimples at screws heads and other
imperfections shall be similarly treated.

C. External corners, edges, and ends with metal beads and edge trim shall have the
flanges completely spackled and feathered off smooth from the nose.

D. Final application of finishing compound and sanding shall leave gypsum wallboard
surfaces uniformly smooth and in proper condition to receive a painted finish.
 9. CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

9.1.1 SCOPE

This specification covers Carpentry and Joinery works intended for use in the Works in
accordance with the Drawings, and/or Bills of Quantities and as instructed in writing by
the Engineer. Carpentry and Joinery works are under Provisional Sums.

9.1.2 MATERIALS

1. Timber (Softwood & Hardwood)

Timber shall comply in all respect with BS 7359:1990 for Nomenclature of Commercial
Timber, including sources of supply and BS 1186 latest edition, Timber for and
Workmanship in Joinery.

Timber shall be of an approved variety and quality suitable for the purpose for which it is
to be used and equal to samples approved by the Engineer.

All timber shall be properly seasoned and shall be planed square, straight and true and
shall be free from the following defects:

- Sapwood, splits, ring shakes, soft pith.

- Checks exceeding 300 mm in length.
- Checks exceeding 6 mm in width.
- Checks exceeding one quarter of the thickness of the timber in depth.
- Knots of any description in surfaces for staining or polishing.
- Knots of any description in glazing bars.
- Knots exceeding one half the width of the surface.
- Knots exceeding 20 mm mean in diameter.
- Decayed or dead knots unless cut out and plugged.
- Loose knots or knot holes unless cut out and plugged.
- Pith pocket.
- Decay and insect attack including pinworm holes.

All timber shall be treated with a wood preservative as per "Cuprinol" or approved equal.

In jointed panels each piece shall be of the same species. Joinery for staining or polishing
shall have all surfaces of the same species and same character of grain running in the
same direction.

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All plugs inserted after cutting out defects shall be the full depth of the hole and the
grain of the plug shall run in the same direction as the grain of the piece.
Timber connectors where used shall be two single-sided toothed plates (round or square)
for demountable joints or one double sided toothed plate (round or square) for
permanent joints to conform with B.S. 1579 latest edition.

Moisture Content of Timber:

- The softwood generally shall have a moisture content limit of 12%.

- The hardwood shall have a moisture content limit of 10% and shall have been kiln
dried.

- The whole of the timber for joinery work shall be properly stacked and protected
from rain and ground moisture.

2. Plywood

Plywood shall consist of an odd number of plies arranged so that the grain of each layer
is at right angles to the grain of the adjacent layer or layers. The plies shall be hot pressed
during adhesion and shall have a finished thickness as shown on the Drawings, or shall be
prefinished plywood obtained from an approved supplier.

In the case of plywood having 3 plies the core shall be not more than 60 percent of the
total thickness.

In plywood having more than 3 plies the faces and all plies with the grain running in the
same direction as the faces shall have a combined thickness of between 40 percent and
65 percent of the total thickness of the plywood.

The plywood shall be free from end joints (including scarf-joints in veneers), overlaps in
core veneers, dead knots, patches and plugs, open defects, depressions due to defects in
core, insect attack (except isolated pinworm holes through face veneers only), fungal
attack and from discolouration differing from that normally associated with species.

The Contractor will not be allowed to make up thickness by gluing or otherwise fixing
together sheets of thinner previously formed plywood.

Plywood adhesives shall comply with BS 1203, Grade 1.

All plywood shall be of Exterior Grade and shall conform to the applicable requirements
of BS 6566: Part 1-8, "Plywood" latest edition.
 3. Block Board and Lamin Board

Block board and lamin board shall be external WBP quality resin bonded from an
approved manufacturer and guaranteed not to warp or change in size or suffer any kind
of deformation. It shall be of timber specified and glued with anti insect synthetic resin
waterproof glue all through. All strengthening boards shall be fixed during manufacture.

Blockboard and lamin board shall conform to the requirements of BS 3444:1972

"Blockboard and Lamin board".

Blockboard and Lamin board shall be free from defects as specified under `Plywood'.

4. Veneers

Timber for face veneer shall generally be first grade hardwood as indicated on the
Drawings and/or in the Schedule of Doors and obtained from an approved supplier.

The minimum thickness of timber face veneers shall be 0.6 mm thick.

The face veneers shall be hard, durable, and capable of being finished easily to a smooth
surface. They shall be free from knots, worm and beetle holes, splits, dots, glue stains,
filling and inlay of any kind or other defects.

The face veneers shall be applied to one or both sides of wood panels as shown on the
Drawings.

Where veneers are shown to be applied to one face only, the other side shall have a
balancing veneer applied to prevent warping.

Adhesives shall comply with the requirements of BS 1203:1991 Synthetic resin adhesives
for plywood (Phenolic and aminoplastic) and shall ensure proper adhesion between plies.

5. Plastic Laminate

The plastic laminate facings shall conform to BS 2572:1990 Phenolic laminated sheet and
shall be a minimum 0.9 mm thick.

Colour and pattern shall conform to the sample approved by the Engineer.

Plastic laminate sheets shall be applied with a water proof, heat- resistant adhesive of a
type recommended by the plastic laminate manufacturer and applied in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.
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9.1.3 MANUFACTURE AND WORKMANSHIP

General

All Carpenter and Joinery Work shall be accurately set out, framed and executed in
accordance with the detailed Drawings.

Joinery work shall be constructed to detailed drawings. Joints shall be made so as to

comply with BS 1186, part 2:1988.

Joinery shall be cut and framed at an early stage, but shall not be glued or wedged until
the structure is ready to receive it.

Framed work shall be properly mortised and toned, wedged, glued and cramped
together and doweled where necessary. All external joinery work shall be put together
with waterproof glue.

The use of nails for fixing any items of joinery will not be permitted. Sprigs may be used
for glazing beads only.

All screws shall be countersunk and pelleted or puttied and all sprigs shall be punched
and puttied.

All joinery such as architraves, beads etc.. required to fit against the contour of irregular
surfaces shall be accurately scribed to ensure a close connection.

All joinery which is to be polished, varnished or painted shall be finished smooth and
clean by rubbing down with fine glasspaper.

Inspection

Facilities shall be given to the Engineer for the inspection of all Joinery works in progress
in the shops and on the Site.

Making Good all Defects

Should any shrinkage or warping occur or any other defects appear in the Joinery work
before the end of the defects liability period, all defective work shall be taken down and
renewed to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer and any work disturbed made good at
the Contractor's expense.
 10. METAL WORK

This specification covers ferrous and non-ferrous metal intended to be used in the Works
all in accordance with the Drawings and as directed by the Engineer.

10.1.1 MATERIALS

1. Steel

Steel plates and structural steel shaped sections shall conform to the requirements of BS
4: Part 1: 1993 for Hot-rolled sections, BS 4848: Part 2: 1991 for Hot Finished Hollow
Sections and BS 4848: Part 4: 1986 for Equal and Unequal Angles.

2. Bolts and Nuts

Bolts and nuts shall conform to the requirements of BS 4190:1967 for “ISO metric black
hexagon bolts, screws, and nuts.”

3. Washers

Plain washers shall be made of galvanized steel. Taper or other specially shaped washers
shall be made of steel or malleable cast iron and shall conform to the requirements of BS
4320:1968 Metal washers for general engineering purposes.

4. Galvanized Steel Pipes

Galvanized steel pipes shall conform to the requirements of BS 1387:1985 (1990) ISO
"Medium Series".

5. Paint

Paint for Metal Worker shall comply with the applicable requirements as specified under
"PAINTING AND DECORATING".

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 6. Aluminium

All aluminium elements shall be manufactured of extruded sections of aluminium alloy,

to BS 1474:1987 Type HE9 or ISO AI, Mg.Si 6063 or AA 6063 T5 mechanically jointed.

All parts and members shall be of aluminium commercial quality like (A1-Mg-Si) heat-
treated, free from defects impairing their strength and durability and containing not
more than 0.1% copper.

All exposed surfaces shall be polished to a mirror-like surface, free from defects, and
shall be light etched and anodized or polyester powder coated or duranar coated to
colours and/or finishes as shown on Drawings and/or as directed in writing by the
Engineer.

Aluminium shall be treated to comply with BS 1615:1993 and BS 3987:1991 to provide an

anodization not less than 20 microns thickness or polyester powder coated by
electrostatic spraying and hard stoved to not less than 60 micron thickness to comply
with BS 6496:1984 (1991) or duranar coated to not less than 30 micron thickness as
indicated on drawings to comply with AAMA 605.2-90 and BS 4842:1991.

All aluminium sections shall present clear straight and sharply defined lines and shall be
free from defects and imperfections that may impair their strength.

All screws, bolts and other necessary accessories shall be of aluminium or stainless steel
or other non-corrodible material and shall match in colour and consistency of the finish
of the anodization or the polyester powder coating or duranar coating as applicable.

Aluminium elastic glazing beads shall be provided to all windows and doors which are
assembled by pressure to fit with the relevant groove in the profile.

The glazing bars shall be threaded or interlaced at points of intersections and machine
tenoned to frame.

7. Stainless Steel

Stainless steel sections, sheets and strips shall be of austenitic non-magnetic steels to BS
3100: 1991 and BS 1449:Part 2:1983: 18/10/3 chromium-nickel-molybdenum group,
Grade 316 or Grade 304 as detailed on drawings as applicable and as approved by the
Engineer.
 10.1.2 MANUFACTURE

1. General

The Contractor shall be responsible for the correctness and accuracy of the dimensions
of the finished articles.

He shall carefully check the dimensions indicated on the Drawing, verify any changes,
and ascertain the sizes at Site which will enable him to prepare Final Working Drawings
for fabrication and erection purposes. Such Drawings shall be submitted to the Engineer
for his verification and approval.

Fabrication Orders can only be placed after the contractor has obtained in writing the
approval of the Engineer on the above Drawings.

The steel sections where specified to be factory rustproofed shall be rust-proofed by hot
dip galvanizing, metalizing or sheradizing process. The rust-proofing shall be sufficient to
withstand the 72 hours salt-spray test as provided for in BS 7479:1991 If the rustproof
coating suffers any damage during the progress of work, the damaged part shall be
recoated to a min. of the original thickness to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

2. Aluminium Windows, Doors, Railings, etc.

Aluminium windows, doors, staircase balustrades, etc.. with all necessary accessories and
fitting shall be of the pattern, design, dimensions and thicknesses shown on the Drawings
and obtained from an approved manufacturer and shall comply with the following
standards:

- American Aluminium Associations (AA)

- American Architectural Aluminium Manufacturer's Association
- American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
- American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)
- American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
- American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM)
- American Federal Specifications (FS)
- American Insulating Glass Certification Council
- American Flat Glass Marketing Association (FGMA)

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Air and Water Infiltration:

All aluminium units shall be designed and installed to resist leakage of air and water
through the system in accordance with the following:

Air Infiltration:

Air leakage shall not exceed 0.0183 cubic meters per minute per square meter of unit
area when tested in accordance with ASTM E 283 at a minimum static air pressure
differential of 30 kg. per sq. meter.

Water Penetration:

There shall be no uncontrolled water leakage as defined in AAMA 501, when tested in
accordance with ASTM E331 at a minimum differential pressure of 20 percent of inward
design wind load but not less than 30 kg. per sq. meter or more than 60 kg. per sq.
meter.

Structural Performance:

Design, engineer, fabricate and install the Aluminium works to withstand effects of the
following:

- Design Wind Velocity (wind resistance) as defined in British Standard CP3, Chapter V
(1972) of 160 kph.
- Design wind pressure shall be calculated based on the above windspeed, height of
the buildings, etc., acting inward and outward, normal to the plane of the wall. When
tested in accordance with ASTM E330, no material failures or permanent deformation of
structural members shall occur.

-Thermal Movements:

Shall be capable of withstanding thermal movements resulting from an ambient

temperature differential of 50 degree C, without causing buckling, stresses on glass, failure
of sealants, damaging loads on fasteners, or other detrimental effects.

Prints of shop Drawings for aluminium windows, doors, frames, etc., showing the
dimensions, sizes, thicknesses, materials, finishes, joinings, attachments, fasteners and the
relation to adjoining work, shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval before ordering
any material. All work shall be fabricated and erected in accordance with the approved
Drawings.

All aluminium windows, doors, frames, etc., shall be factory assembled and reinforced
according to the Drawings, complete with hinges, glazing gaskets and anchors. The only Site
work allowed on aluminium units is fixing in position and glazing. The finished surfaces shall
present a clear surface free from alloy defects, scratches, or other surface blemishes.

All aluminium windows, doors, etc.. shall be provided with all necessary Ironmongery
required for its efficient functioning.

3. Aluminium Louvres

Aluminium louvres shall be from a proprietary manufacturer and shall be to the Engineer's
approval. The surface coating shall be as detailed on the drawings and as specified herein to
colours approved by the Engineer.

4. Sand Louvres

Sand louvers shall be manufactured from extruded aluminium sections from 6063-T52 alloy,
thickness as recommended by the manufacturer. Total louvre panel thickness shall be as
detailed on drawing to match the adjoining details.

The vertical louvre efficiency shall be as specified in the mechanical engineering drawings
and specifications. Panels shall be fixed to the outer side of walls or doors with matching
sealed architraves. All louvres, frames, visible fixings, etc. shall have the finish as detailed on
drawings.

Unless otherwise indicated all louvres, shall be provided with mesh screens in appropriate
frames as detailed on drawings.

5. Cat Ladders

Cat ladders shall be fabricated of mild steel aluminium flats and round bars and
anchored/fixed to walls as shown on Drawings and to dimensions indicated therein. Cat
ladders shall be galvanized and painted as specified. The Contractor shall be responsible to
ensure that the sections and anchoring/fixing are sufficient for carrying a minimum load of
75 kg with a factor of safety of two (2). Shop drawings indicating details of materials,
fabrication including any surface treatment required, anchoring/fixing, etc., shall be
submitted to the Engineer for approval before fabrication and placing orders. Approval
accorded by the Engineer shall not absolve the Contractor from any of his contractual
obligations and responsibilities.

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 6. Polyester Powder Coating

Aluminium extruded sections, curtain walling units, etc. where indicated on drawings shall
be treated and polyester powder coated by electrostatic spraying and hard stoved to not
less than 60 micron thickness to comply with BS 6496:1991 to colours shown on drawings
and/or to the approval of the Engineer. As far as possible the assembled units as a whole
shall be coated to avoid joint heat build-up, scratches, touching up joints, etc. Powder
coating shall be carried out under quality controlled conditions in a well established factory
fully equipped for such works and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.

Warranty: The Coating shall be warranted for a period of 10 years. The contractor shall pass
on executed copies of warranty for the above period signed and counter-signed by the
Contractor and the applicator against any defects in metal coating and workmanship and
shall undertake to remove and replace the damaged work without any extra cost to the
Client.

7. Stainless Steel Rungs

Stainless steel rungs shall be of Grade 304 to sizes indicated on the drawings. Rungs shall be
cast into concrete walls by splitting ends to form anchors. The Contractor shall ensure that
the rungs are capable of sustaining the load of one man (75 Kg.) with a factor of safety of 2
without bending/working loose.

8. Aluminium

The Contractor shall furnish and install all aluminium units as indicated on the Drawings.
Workmanship and installation shall be in accordance with recommended standards of first
class Aluminium Manufacturers.

All aluminium work shall be performed in a shop where the grade of metalwork is of
recognized quality acceptable to the Engineer. All items shall be installed plumb, straight,
square, level and in proper elevation, plane location and alignment with other work. All
work shall be designed for adjustment to field variations, fitted with proper joints and
intersections, adequately anchored in place, strictly in accordance with best practice.

Where aluminium surfaces come in contact with metals other than stainless steel, zinc,
white bronze or small areas of other metals compatible with aluminium surfaces, they shall
be kept from direct contact with such parts by painting the dissimilar metal with a prime
coat of zinc chromate primer or other suitable primer, followed by one or two coats of
aluminium metal and masonry paint or other suitable protective coating, excluding those
containing lead pigments, or a non-absorptive tape or gasket shall be placed between
aluminium and dissimilar metals. Steel anchors and connecting members shall be hot dip
galvanized or zinc plated after fabrication.
Aluminium surfaces in contact with lime mortar, concrete, plaster or other masonry
materials, shall be painted with alkaline- resistant coatings such as heavy-bodied bituminous
paint or water- white methacrylate lacquer.

Aluminium in contact with wood or absorptive materials which may become repeatedly wet
shall be painted with two coats of aluminium metal and masonry paint or a coat of heavy-
bodied bituminous paint. Alternatively paint the wood or other absorptive material with
two coats of aluminium house paint and seal joints with a good quality of caulking
compound.

Where aluminium is in contact with treated wood, wood shall be treated with
pentachlorophenol, 5% minimum concentration or approved equal, followed with the
protective measures described for aluminium in contact with wood or other absorptive
materials.

The aluminium work shall be designed and anchored so that the work will not be distorted
nor the fasteners overstressed from the expansion and contraction of the metal.

Before shipment from factory, aluminium surfaces requiring protection shall be given a
coating which will protect the metal during construction. In areas where appearance of the
finish on aluminium items is important, a coating of methacrylate type lacquer shall be
applied as specified hereinafter.

Apply two sprayed coats of water-white methacrylate lacquer having a total minimum
thickness of 0.015 mm, which when applied to the aluminium surface shall be capable of
withstanding the action of lime mortar for a period of at least one week in an atmosphere of
100% relative humidity at 40 degree centigrade, the action of 10% (by weight) muriatic acid
for a period of six hours at 20 degree centigrade, and the action of atmospheric weathering
for a period of 12 months. The coating shall be applied in the manufacturer's plant to the
exposed surfaces of all aluminium components subject to staining from alkaline mortar and
plaster, abrasion and other construction abuses. Before application of lacquer, the
manufacturer shall remove all fabrication compounds, moisture, dirt, accumulations and
other foreign materials to ensure proper lacquer adhesion.

Upon completion, the Contractor shall clean all aluminium work as required by removing
protective tape or other coating, using mild soap or detergents and clear petroleum spirits.

Acids, caustics and abrasives shall not be used. Where cleaners are used to remove excess
sealing compounds care shall be exercised to prevent damage to seals or staining or damage
to adjacent work.

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The Contractor shall be responsible for the protection of all aluminium work until the
completion of the works, and only units in perfect working order and in perfect condition
shall be accepted.
0117. Aluminium Door Ironmongery

All aluminium doors and windows shall be provided with a complete set of ironmongery
with the intended use and the efficient performance of the doors and window they are
designed for.

As far as possible all ironmongery shall be from the chosen system/manufacturer. Floor
spring shall be from Dorma or Briton or equal and approved.

All locks shall be provided with a set of 3 keys. Where necessary panic devices shall be
provided as required by the Civil Defense Authorities as part of the Ironmongery.
Aluminium doors shall have the following minimum ironmongery provisions unless
otherwise described:
Single Glazed or infilled Doors single swing:

1/2 Pairs of hinges.

1 Rebated mortice deadlock.
1 Pair 38 mm dia. semi-circular pull handles.
1 Heavy duty surface mounted door closer
1 Door stop.

Double doors, infilled or glazed; single swing:

3 Pairs of hinges.
1 Rebated mortice deadlock
2 Pairs 38 mm dia. semi-circular pull handles.
1 Pair rebated flush bolts
1 Pair heavy duty surface mounted door closers.
2 Door stops.

Single Glazed or infilled doors; double swing.

1 Set of springs with cover plate

1 Rebated mortice deadlock
1 Pull handle
1 Push plate
 Double Door; infilled or Glazed; Double Swing.

2 Pairs of floor springs with cover plates.

1 Rebated mortice deadlock.
2 Pairs of pull handles.
2 Push plates.

9. Steel Expanded Mesh for Shafts

Expanded mesh for shafts shall be similar to “WK4896" of Expamet or equal approved in
galvanized steel to sizes indicated on drawings. The mesh shall be supported on suitable
steel "I" or channel or Tee or angle sections through clips and bolts. The sizes and spacing of
the supports shall be as required to meet the location and end use, as recommended by the
manufacturer and as approved by the Engineer. The mesh and support structure shall be
painted with epoxy paint as specified in Section 11 - Painting & Decoration.

Shop drawings, fixing details, samples and surface treatment, along with design calculation
shall be submitted to the Engineer before ordering materials. Approved shop drawings shall
form part of the Contract. However any approval accorded shall not relieve the Contractor
of any of his contractual obligations and responsibilities.

10. Aluminium Extruded Expansion Joints

Extruded aluminium expansion joints shall be of a proprietary make, and of types as

indicated on the drawings complete with all fixings and fixtures, from a manufacturer
approved by the Engineer. Extruded aluminium expansion joints shall be installed strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Floor and wall joints shall be sealed with an elastomer filled proprietary joint seal with
galvanized steel or stainless steel retaining profiles on each side securely bolted to the
structure for internal or external applications respectively. Retaining profiles shall be set
below the plaster or screed so that only the elastomer and the edges of the profiles show.

Joint width shall be 20 mm and the joint cover shall be capable of absorbing ± 35% free
movement of the joint width. All corners, cross connections, curbs, tee joints or other
special accessories shall be shop fabricated.

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10.1.3 GLAZED CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM

1. General Requirements

Curtainwalls shall be designed, manufactured and installed by an approved sub-contractor

as qualified under Quality assurance herein.

2. Scope of Work

These specifications cover the materials, manufacture, workmanship, design and installation
of the Aluminium Glazed Curtainwall System as detailed on the drawings and to the
approval of the Engineer. All work shall be performed in accordance with the applicable
Building Codes, and/or the requirements of this specification, whichever are more stringent.

The work shall include but not be limited to the following:

- Aluminium glazed curtainwall

- Operating windows
- Louvred Panels/doors including sand trap louvres
- Entrance doors
- aluminium sandwich panel cladding
- Related glass and glazing
- Finishes of all curtainwall components
- Insulation - Fire safing
- Sealants and caulking
- Preparation of shop drawings, construction details and structural
calculationsstamped and sealed by Professional Engineer.
- In-plant quality control testing programme.

3. Design Parameters and Responsibilities

The curtainwall shall be two sided structurally glazed with pressure plates and stainless steel
cover plates as detailed on drawings.

The curtainwall system shall be capable of accommodating:

- Thermal movement of the curtainwall itself.

- Building movement, thermal and dynamic.
- Structural loading due to wind pressure.
- Building construction variation
- Building settlement/shrinkage both short and long term.

It is recognized that the architectural drawings and design details do not cover all
conditions, and/or that some modifications may be required. Also the details are indicative.
It is intended that details shall be developed through the Contractor's shop drawings to the
designed level of aesthetics and in compliance with the performance criteria.
 4. Quality Assurance

The work in this section shall be designed and performed by an experienced Contractor who
has been regularly engaged in the Engineering, manufacture, glazing, and installation of
multi- storey high-rise curtainwalls and has a minimum of five (5) years experience in Glazed
Curtainwall Systems.

All fabrication shall be done in the Contractor's own plant under full time quality controlled
conditions.

The Contractor shall submit for approval a Quality Control Program covering all aspects of
production and glazing, that has been reviewed and approved in writing by the approved
silicone manufacturer.
A full-time in plant test programme as herein specified, is to be implemented and
maintained for the full duration of the project, with weekly reports submitted to the
Engineer covering all aspects of the Glazing operation.

Sub-contracting of any work included hereunder is specifically prohibited, except when

approved in writing by the Engineer.

5. Performance Requirements

Structural, Thermal, and Weather Resistance requirements are to comply with the following
standards:

- American Aluminium Associations (AA)

- American Architectural Aluminium Manufacturer's Association (AAAMA)
- American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
- American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)
- American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
- American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM)
- American Federal Specifications (FS)
- American Insulating Glass Certification Council (AIGCC)
- American Flat Glass Marketing Association (FGMA)

General:

Curtainwall system as erected shall meet or exceed the structural and weather resistance
requirements detailed below:

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Air and Water Infiltration:

Design and install the manufacturer's curtainwall system to permanently resist leakage of air
and water through the system in accordance with the following:

Air Infiltration:

Air leakage through the curtainwall system shall not exceed 0.0183 cubic meters per minute
per square meter of wall area when tested in accordance with ASTM E 283 at a minimum
static air pressure differential of 30 kg. per sq. meter.

Water Penetration:

There shall be no uncontrolled water leakage through the curtainwall system, as defined in
AAMA 501, when tested in accordance with ASTM E331 at a minimum differential pressure
of 20 percent of inward design wind load but not less than 30 kg. per sq. meter or more
than 60 kg. per sq. meter.

Structural Performance:

Design, engineer, fabricate and install the curtainwall system to withstand effects of the
following:

-Design Wind Velocity (wind resistance) as defined in British Standard CP3, Chapter V (1972)
of 160 kph.

-Design wind pressure shall be calculated based on the above windspeed, height of the
buildings, etc., acting inward and outward, normal to the plane of the wall. When tested in
accordance with ASTM E330, no material failures or permanent deformation of structural
members shall occur.

-Structural Test pressure shall be equal to 150 percent of the inward and outward acting
design pressures.

Deflections:

The curtainwall system shall be capable of withstanding building movements and weather
exposures including wind loading and of performing within the following limitations, under
the required design load both positive and negative:

Perpendicular Deflection:

Deflection of framing members, measured perpendicular to the plane of wall, shall not
exceed 1/180 of the unsupported span (defined as the distance between anchor center
lines) but deflection shall not exceed what is permitted by code.
Thermal Movements:

The curtainwall system shall be capable of withstanding thermal movements resulting from
an ambient temperature differential of 50 degree C, without causing buckling, stresses on
glass, failure of sealants, damaging loads on fasteners, or other detrimental effects.

Provision for Movement of the Structure

The curtainwall system shall be designed to accommodate dead load and live load
deflection, thermal expansion, creep, elastic shortening and/or sway and torsion of the
building frame, and resist seismic forces as may be anticipated, which shall be reduced to
the minimal expression without accumulation in a manner such that no undue stresses are
created that may distort, overstress or otherwise jeopardize other components such as
glass, metal panels, anchors, fasteners, etc.
To this end, the Contractor shall obtain all necessary projected data and make such
provision in the Work as may be necessary. The amount of such movement that is
accommodated in the Contractor's design shall be identified on the Contractor's submittal
drawings.

Differential movements shall be accommodated by way of specifically designed two piece

horizontals and interlocking sections in the Curtainwall System. Stacking joints shall not be
located within the spandrel zone and should not involve movements of glass edges in their
rebates.

6. Submittals

Prior to proceeding with any production, the following shall be submitted for review,
approval, and selection by the Engineer:

Product Data:

The Contractor shall submit manufacturer's specifications for materials and fabrication,
installation instructions, and recommendations for maintenance for the approval of the
Engineer. Certified test reports showing compliance with project requirements where test
methods are indicated shall be included. Procedures for reglazing individual components
shall also be submitted.

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Shop drawings:

- Wall elevations
* Full size details of all conditions, anchorage, glazing details, including provisions for
vertical and horizontal expansion and contraction.
* Floor plans detailing lay-out and relationship of curtainwall to the structure.
*Building sections coordinating wall to structure.

Structural Calculations

Door hardware schedule and descriptive literature: Structural Calculations and shop
drawings shall bear the seal and signature of a Professional Engineer.

Samples

- Glass Samples for each type and thickness.

- Paint Colour Chip Samples.
- Gaskets and Caulking Color Samples.
- Aluminum powder coated samples of joint cover strips for each width.

Quality Control programme

-Quality Control assurance programme covering production, assembly, and glazing

procedure.

Glass stress analysis certifications.

-Certification from glass manufacturer covering stress analysis including wind loading,
thermal and, bond line.

7. Material

Aluminium

Sizes, shapes, and profiles are to be basically as shown on the drawings.

Wall thicknesses and profile depths to be as required by calculations, to comply with

structural loading.

Alloy shall be to BS 1474 type HE9 or ISO Al,Mg S1 6063 or AA 6063 75.

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel shall be Austenitic Stainless Steel as specified elsewhere in this Section.
Operating Windows

Design and profile must be such that in the closed position, the vent and frame marry so as
to match and have the same "sight line" and be basically imperceptible from the exterior
and the interior of the curtainwall.

Two (2) "safety latch locks" per vent are to control and limit opening of vent to 100 mm with
ability of mechanical over-ride to allow vent to open further to 400 mm.

Operating hinge mechanism to be continuous the full width of the vent, and to provide
positive vent positioning both horizontally and vertically.

Glass to match adjacent fixed glass area.

Vent framing members to be a hollow tubular extrusion with reinforcement mitered

corners.

Vents to have a double line of sponge rubber weatherseal, continuous one-piece around
perimeter with no joinery or mitering at corners.

Finish

The Contractor shall submit samples of the Powder coating/Duranar coating to aluminium
range of colour for selection and approval by the Engineer.

Polyester powder coating and Duranar coating shall be as specified elsewhere in this
Section.

Glass

Glass shall be of the types and minimum thickness, as shown on the drawings and specified
herein, and as specified under relevant clauses in SECTION 08 - GLAZING.

The contractor shall provide certification from the glass producer/fabricator that the glass
producer/fabricator has reviewed glass thickness and finds it suitable for the purpose
intended in accordance with his published literature and in accordance with these
specifications.

Certification shall include a written wind load and thermal stress analysis showing a
probability of failure of no greater than 8 lights per thousand at the design loads and local
climatic thermal conditions.

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Insulating glass units shall be installed in such manner as to prevent possible water
accumulation within the glazing rebate.

Gaskets and Weather stripping

All gaskets and weather stripping shall have continuous mechanical engagement to framing
members.

Gaskets and weather-stripping shall be, EPDM or silicone rubber, as required for particular
application. Where in contact with sealants compatibility shall be as established by ASTM
C1087.

Glazing Accessories

Provide setting blocks at the sill quarter points of insulated glass units. Setting blocks shall
meet ASTM C864.

Continuous, resilient spacer between glazing and aluminum framing members at sealant
joints shall be provided. Spacers shall have continuous mechanical engagement to framing
members and be tested for compatibility with structural sealant as per applicable ASTM
procedures.

Miscellaneous Materials

Provide straps, plates and brackets, as required for support and anchorage of the fabricated
items to adjacent surfaces.

Where steel reinforcement is required for strength, the pieces after fabrication and cleaning
shall have all surfaces painted with two heavy coats of zinc chromate primer.

Fasteners

Provide type and size shown, or as required, for proper support and performance. Structural
calculations to provide verification of sizes and grades of fasteners.

Insulating and Firesafeing

Where specifically indicated on drawings, U.S. Gypsum Co., "Thermafiber" wall insulation or
approved equal with integral aluminum roll vapor barrier to room side shall be provided.

All joints, edges, punctures, and tears in foil vapor barrier shall be sealed with self-adhesive
foil tape as recommended by insulation manufacturer.
100 mm deep compacted (in width) U.S. Gypsum Co., "Thermafiber" 4 lb. density firestop or
approved equal shall be provided, between edge of floor slabs and interior faces of exterior
walls. Support shall be provided by impaling clips. Fire proof sealant shall be used at fire
stop joints.

8. Fabrication

Workmanship

All work shall be done by competent workmen thoroughly skilled in the trade. Use no
materials, equipment or practices that may adversely affect the functioning, appearance
and durability of the completed work and related construction.

The work shall be accomplished in compliance with the specified criteria without buckling,
opening of joints, undue stress on fasteners, sealants, and gaskets, opening of welds,
cracking of glass, leakage, noises or other harmful effects.

Joints in Metalwork

All exposed work shall be carefully matched to produce continuity of line and design with all
joints, unless otherwise shown or specified, being accurately fitted and rigidly secured.

Shop Assembly

All cutting, fitting, assembly, and glazing work shall be done in the shop.

Exposed Fasteners

Exposed fasteners on finished surfaces will not be permitted unless otherwise shown on
drawings, or specified.

Protection of Metals

Protection against galvanic action shall be provided wherever dissimilar metals are in
contact, except in the case of aluminum in contact with galvanized steel or nickel silver
(white bronze) or stainless steel. This protection shall be provided by either painting the
contact surfaces with two heavy coats of zinc chromate primer in different colors or by
application of an appropriate sealant or tape or other approved galvanic isolator.

All metals, except galvanized or stainless steel, which are to be in contact with concrete,
mortar, or plaster, shall have the contact surfaces protected with bituminous paint.

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 9. Installation

Qualification of Workmen

All work shall be performed by skilled workmen, especially trained and experienced in this
type of work.

Lines and Grades

Bench marks for elevations and building lines and offset marks for alignment shall be
established on each floor level by General Contractor.

Inspection of the Structure

After lines and grades have been established, and before beginning installation, Contractor
shall examine all parts of the structure on which the works is to be placed. Should any
conditions be found which, in his opinion, will prevent the proper execution of his work, he
shall report such conditions in writing to the General Contractor. Installation work shall not
proceed in that area until conditions have been adjusted to permit proper installation of the
work.

Workmanship

All parts of the work shall be erected, plumb and true, in proper alignment and relation to
established lines and grades, and as shown on accepted shop and/or erection drawings.

Use of Sealing Materials

Sealing materials specified in this section shall be used in strict in accordance with the
manufacturer's printed instructions and shall be applied only by mechanics specially trained
or experienced in their use. Before applying sealing materials, all mortar, dirt, dust, moisture
and other foreign matter shall be completely removed from surfaces it will contact.

Adjoining surfaces shall be masked, when required, to maintain a clean and neat
appearance. Sealing compounds shall be tooled to fill the joint and provide a smooth
finished surface.

Anchorage

Anchorage of the work to the structure shall be by approved methods in strict accordance
with approved shop and/or erection drawings. Supporting brackets shall be so designed as
to provide three dimensional adjustment and accurate location of all components. After the
unit is properly positioned, all connections so designated on approved shop drawings shall
be properly fixed, while still allowing for horizontal thermal expansion and contraction.
Protection and Cleaning

The Contractor shall be responsible for the protection of the work against damage by other
trades as well as cleaning of the glazed curtainwalls upon erection and attachment into
place on the structure, shall be the responsibility of the General Contractor.

This Contractor is to provide to the General Contractor and Owner specific written
instructions from the glass and paint manufacturers on the proper method of cleaning and
maintenance.

Tests.

On site testing shall be carried out to demountable that the requirements of air
permeability, water permeability, structural performance, dynamic water penetration are
meet in accordion with the relevant ASTM/AMMA requirements.

10. Warranties

General

Submit a written warranty signed by the Contractor, the manufacturer and installer
warranting that portions of the work involving the glazed curtainwall are of good quality,
free from defects, and in conformance with the requirements of the Contract Documents
and further undertake to repair or replace defective work, at no cost to the Client, during a
10-year period following the date of issue of the Provisional Acceptance Certificate.

Defective materials and workmanship is hereby defined to include, but not be limited to, the
following:

a) Glass breakage.
b) Glass discolouration.
c) Failure of the sealants.
d) Failure of operational parts to function normally.
e) Deterioration or discoloration of finishes.
f) Failure of the system to meet performance requirements, including water penetration,air
infiltration and structural failure of components resulting from forces within the specified
limits.

11. Skylight

Skylight shall be of double glazing fixed to powder coated aluminium sections to shape and
size indicated on drawings. The relevant clauses in this section shall be applicable to this
work also. The Contractor shall provide the details of reactions of the skylight on the
structural concrete supports for verifications of design sufficiency. If any modifications are
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to be made to the concrete structure due to loads/reaction of the skylight the same shall be
carried out by the Contractor. All necessary waterproofing shall be provided. All tests
needed to ensure water and air tightness shall be carried out by the Contractor to the
satisfaction of he Engineer.

12. Corner Guards

Corner guards shall be manufactured from synthetic rubber or PVC and shall be mounted on
galvanized steel continuous retainers not less than 1.5 mm thick plugged and screwed to the
wall with suitable anchor bolts.

Retainer assembly and the rubber/PVC facing shall not be installed until after painting.

Shop drawing indicating details of materials method of fixing along with manufacturers
literature and samples of the material shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
 11. GLAZING WORKS

11.1.1 GENERAL

Glass and glazing shall be provided as specified and as shown, including entrances, windows,
spandrels, skylights, glazed doors, transoms, sidelights and mirrors.

11.1.2 DEFINITIONS

Manufacturer as used in this section shall refer to a firm that produces primary glass or
fabricated glass as defined in the referenced glazing standard.

Deterioration of Laminated Glass:

Defects developed from normal use that are attributed to the manufacturing and assembly
process other than glass breakage and practices for maintaining and cleaning laminated
glass contrary to manufacturer's directions. Defects include edge separation, delamination
materially obstructing vision through glass, and blemishes exceeding those allowed by
referenced laminated glass standard.

Deterioration of Insulating Glass:

Failure of the hermetic seal under normal use due to causes other than glass breakage and
improper practices for maintaining, and cleaning insulating glass. Evidence of failure is the
obstruction of vision by dust, moisture, or film on the interior surfaces of glass. Improper
practices for maintaining and cleaning glass do not comply with the manufacturer's
directions.

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

11.1.3 GENERAL

Glazing systems that are produced, fabricated, and installed shall be provided to withstand
normal thermal movement, wind loading, and impact loading (where applicable),
without failure including loss or glass breakage attributable to the following: defective
manufacture, fabrication, and installation; failure of sealants or gaskets to remain
watertight and airtight; deterioration of glazing materials; and other defects in construction.

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Glass Design

Glass thicknesses indicated on the drawings and herein are the minimum thicknesses
required. Contractor shall confirm glass thicknesses by analyzing project loads, and in-
service conditions. Provide glass lites for the various size openings in the thicknesses and
strengths (annealed or heat-treated or tempered) to meet or exceed the following criteria:

- Minimum glass thicknesses for exterior conditions shall be determined utilizing the
structural performance criteria and the test methods of ASTM E997 and E998.
Minimumthickness shall be determined using the most stringent of these
requirements.

- Minimum glass thicknesses of lites, whether composed of annealed or heat-

treated ortempered glass, are selected so that the worst- case probability of
failure does not exceed the following:

a) 8 lites per 1000 for lites set vertically or not over 15 degrees off vertical and under
wind action. Minimum thickness of monolithic annealed glass shall be determined
accordingto ASTM E1300. Thicknesses of glass other than monolithic annealed
glass shall be determined as per glass manufacturer's standard method of analysis
including applyingadjustment factors to ASTM E1300 based on type of glass.

b) 1 lite per 1000 for lites set over 15 degree off vertical and under action of wind.

c) Normal thermal movement resulting from a maximum change (range) of 50 degree

C inambient and surface temperatures acting on glass-framing members and
glazing components, based on engineering calculation on materials' actual surface
temperatures due to both solar heat gain and night time sky heat loss.

11.1.4 SUBMITTALS

The Contractor shall submit the following:

Product Data : Manufacturer's technical data for each glazing material and fabricated glass
product required, including installation and maintenance instructions. Indicate glass
thicknesses to be used.

Samples: 300 mm square samples of each type of glass indicated, and 300 mm long samples
of each colour of gasket and sealant.

Certificates: Certificates from respective manufacturers attesting that glass and glazing
materials furnished for project comply with requirements of agencies having jurisdiction.
-Separate certification will not be required for glazing materials bearing manufacturer's
permanent labels that represent a quality control program of a certification agency or
independent testing laboratory acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.

-Certification that glass does not exceed the permissible stress by analysis.

Compatibility and Adhesion Test Report:

Statement from sealant manufacturer that glass and glazing materials have been tested for
compatibility and adhesion, with interpretations and recommendations for primers and
substrate preparation.

11.1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Glazing Standards:

Recommendations of Flat Glass Marketing Association (FGMA) "Glazing Manual" shall be

complied with except where more stringent requirements are indicated. This publication
shall be referred for definitions of glass and glazing terms not otherwise defined.

Safety Glazing Standard:

Required safety glass complying with ANSI Z97.1 and testing requirements of 16 CFR Part
1201 for Category II materials shall be provided,

Insulating Glass Certification Program:

Insulating glass units permanently marked with appropriate certification label of Insulating
Glass Certification Council (IGCC) for inspecting and testing shall be provided.

Glazier Qualifications:

An experienced glazier who has completed glazing similar in material, design, and extent to
that indicated for this project with a record of successful in -service performance shall be
employed.

Single Source for Glass:

To ensure consistent quality of appearance and performance, materials produced by a

single manufacturer or fabricator for each kind and condition of glass shall be provided.

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11.1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

Glass and glazing materials shall be protected during delivery, storage and handling to
comply with manufacturer's directions and to prevent damage to glass and glazing materials
from moisture, temperature changes, direct exposure to sun and from other causes.

11.1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

Environmental Conditions:

No glazing works shall be carried out when air and substrate temperatures are outside the
limits permitted by glazing material manufacturer or when joint substrates are wet or dirty.

11.1.8 WARRANTY

General:

The Contractor shall submit warranties to repair or replace defective glass and glazing
materials or workmanship for a period of 10 years after date of issue of the Provisional
Acceptance Certificate, or longer where specified. Defects include, but are not limited to the
following:

- Glass breakage due to pressures up to specified values thermal stress,

manufacturingdefects and damage to glass.

- Spontaneous breakage of heat treated glass.

- Defects in spandrel glass opacifier material.

- Loss of effective glass bite due to shifting of glass.

- Loss of effective glass bearing on setting blocks due to shifting of glass and/or
blocks.
Insulating Glass:

A warranty to replace defective insulating glass for a period of 10 years after date of issue of the
Provisional Acceptance Certificate shall be submitted. Defects include, but are not limited to the
following:

- Failure of insulating glass edge seal as shown by moisture, dust, corrosion

or reflectivecoating damage within sealed air space.

- Insulating glass spacer migration.

- Failure to meet specified performance requirements.

- Failure of structural silicone seals.

Mirrors:

During warranty period, mirrors which develop defects in mirror coating due to normal conditions
and not due to practices contrary to manufacturer's instructions shall be replaced at no extra cost to
the Client.

Warranty period shall not be less than 5 years after date of issue of the Provisional Acceptance
Certificate.

Laminated Safety Glass:

The Contractor shall replace laminated glass which develop edge separation or delamination which
obstructs vision through glass.

Warranty period shall not be less than 10 years after date of issue of the Provisional Acceptance
Certificate.

Spandrel Glass:

The Contractor shall arrange to provide a ten (10) year warranty from manufacturer against peeling,
cracking, thermal breaking and deterioration of the metallic film and peeling or flaking of opacifiers
as applicable.

11.1.9 PRIMARY FLOAT GLASS PRODUCTS

Float Glass ASTM C1036, Type I (Transparent glass, flat Class as indicated below, and Quality q3
(glazing select).

- Class 1 (clear) unless otherwise indicated.

- Class 2 (tinted, heat-absorbing, and light-reducing where indicated).

Refer to coated glass product requirements for tint colour and performance characteristics
of coated tinted glass for monolithic glazing relative to visible light transmittance, U- values,
shading coefficient, and visible reflectance.

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Refer to requirements for sealed insulating glass units for performance characteristics of
assembled units composed of tinted glass, coated or uncoated, relative to visible light
transmittance, U-values, shading, coefficient, and visible reflectance.

11.1.10 HEAT-TREATED FLOAT GLASS PRODUCTS

Fabrication Process: by horizontal (roller-hearth) process with roll-wave distortion parallel

to bottom edge of glass as indicated, unless otherwise indicated. Tong-held method is not
acceptable.

Uncoated, Clear, Heat-Treated Float Glass: ASTM C 1048, Condition A (uncoated surfaces),
Type I (transparent glass, flat), Class 1 (clear), Quality q3 (glazing select), kind as indicated
below:

- Kind HS (Heat Strengthened) where indicated.

- Kind FT (Fully Tempered) where indicated.

Uncoated, Tinted, Heat-Treated Float Glass: ASTM C 1048, Condition A (uncoated

surfaces), Type I (transparent glass, flat), Class 2 (tinted heat-absorbing and light-reducing),
Quality q3 (glazing select), with tint colour and performance characteristics for 6 mm thick
glass matching those indicated for annealed primary tinted float glass; kind as indicated
below:

- Kind HS (Heat Strengthened) where indicated.

- Kind FT (Fully Tempered) where indicated.

11.1.11 LAMINATED GLASS PRODUCTS

Comply with ASTM C 1172 for kinds of laminated glass indicated and other requirements specified.

- Kind LA : Two Lites of annealed Type I glass.

- Kind LHS : Two Lites of heat-strengthened Type I glass.

- Kind LT : Two Lites of full-tempered Type I glass.

Interlayer: Interlayer material as indicated below, and of thickness indicated with a proven record of
no tendency to bubble, discolor, or lose physical and mechanical properties after laminating glass
lites and installation.

- Interlayer-Material: Polyvinyl butyl sheets, 0.76 mm thick, clear.

U U

- Laminating Process: Fabricate laminated glass to produce glass free of

U U

foreign substances and air or glass pockets as follows:

Laminate lites with polyvinyl butyl interlayer in autoclave with heat plus pressure.
 11.1.12 INSULATING GLASS PRODUCTS

Sealed Insulation Glass Units: Preassembled units consisting of organically sealed lites of glass
separated by dehydrated air spaces complying with ASTM E774 and with other requirements
indicated.

-Provide heat-treated, coated float glass of kind indicated or, if not otherwise indicated, Kind HS
(Heat Strengthened) where recommended by manufacturer to comply with system performance
requirements specified and Kind FT (Fully Tempered) where safety glass is designated or required.

Sealing System: Dual seal; primary sealant (minimum width 3.0 mm): Polyisobutylene; secondary
sealant: silicone.

Spacer Material: Manufacturer's standard metal.

Desiccant: Manufacturer's standard; either molecular sieve or silica gel or blend of both.

Corner Construction : Manufacturer's bent and welded construction.

FROSTED GLASS

Frosted glass shall be 100 percent sandblasted glass using 120 grit material.

MIRROR GLASS

Clear float glass conforming to specified standard, quality q1, silvering, 6 mm thick.

Cut glass to sizes indicated and complete edge treatment. Grind, polish and bevel mirror edges not
framed. Coat back of glass with chemically deposited silver, covered by film of electrically or
chemically deposited copper, and coated with manufacturer's standard 0.05 mm dry film of organic
coating.

11.1.13 GLAZING SEALANTS

General: Comply with the following requirements:

Elastomeric Sealant Standard: Provide elastomeric sealant which complies with ASTM C 920
requirements.

Colors: Provide color as selected by Engineer from manufacturer's standard colors.

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 11.1.14 MISCELLANEOUS GLAZING MATERIALS

Compatibility:

Provide materials with proven record of compatibility with surfaces contacted in installation.

Cleaners, Primers and Sealers:

Type recommended by sealant manufacturer.

Setting Blocks:

Neoprene, EPDM or silicone blocks as required for compatibility with glazing sealants, 80 to
90 Shore A durometer hardness, 100 mm minimum length by width to suit glass thickness.

Shims and Spacers:

Shims and spacers used with setting blocks shall be of the same material, hardness, length
and width as the setting blocks.

Edge Blocks:

Same material as setting blocks, of 50 to 60 Shore A durometer, of size to limit lateral

movement of glass.

11.1.15 GLASS TYPES

Provide the following glass types subject to compliance with the criteria specified herein and
as detailed below:

a) Insulated Relective Glass Vision Panel

As a reference the performance characteristics of a 1" (24 mm) insulated glazed unit for
typical vision panel with reflective glass is based on,

1/4" (6mm) Pyrolitic coated glass as Stopsol Supersilver green of Glaverbel or Eclipse Blue
green of Libbey Owens Ford or Reflectasol Green of Saint Gobain or equal approved heat
strengthened outer lite

1/2" (12 mm) Airspace.

1/4" (6 mm) Clear inner lite, tempered to minimum height of 800 mm from floor level as
required to meet the safety standards.
The typical Characteristics shall be:

Light Transmittance 30%.

Light Reflectance out 33%
Solar Energy Trans 23%
Solar Energy Reflectance out 17%
Summar `U' value 0.58
Btu/hr.ft2 oF
Shading Coefficient 0.39
Relative Heat Gain 77 Btu/hr.ft2
oF

b) Insulated Clear Glass Vision Panel

As a reference the performance characteristics of a 1" (24 mm) insulated glazed unit for
typical vision panel with reflective glass is based on,

1/4" (6mm) Clear float glass heat strengthened outer lite

1/2" (12 mm) Airspace.

1/4" (6 mm) Clear inner lite, tempered to minimum height of 800 mm from floor level as
required to meet the safety standards.

The typical Characteristics shall be:

Light Transmittance 78%.

Light Reflectance out 15%
Solar Energy Trans 61%
Solar Energy Reflectance out 12%
Summar `U' value 0.55 Btu/hr.ft2 oF
Shading Coefficient 0.81

c) Insulated Tinted Glass Vision Panel

As a reference the performance characteristics of a 1" (24 mm) insulated glazed unit for
typical vision panel with reflective glass is based on,

1/4" (6mm) Tinted blue green heat strengthened outer lite

1/2" (12 mm) Airspace.

1/4" (6 mm) Clear inner lite, tempered to minimum height of 800 mm from floor level as
required to meet the safety standards.
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The typical Characteristics shall be:

Light Transmittance 67%.

Light Reflectance out 12%
Solar Energy Trans 40%
Solar Energy Reflectance out 8%
Summar `U' value 0.57 Btu/hr.ft2 oF
Shading Coefficient 0.58

d) Spandrel Panel

Exterior glass - minimum 6 mm thick heat strengthened tinted blue- green glass.
Opacifier - Polyester film.
Air space - as required.
Insulation - 50 mm rigid rockwool insulation of density 50 kg/m3.

11.1.16 WORKMANSHIP

Verify compliance with applicable tolerances; for functioning of weep system; for face and
edge clearances; and for effective sealing of joinery. Report conditions detrimental to
glazing work. Perform glazing work after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

Clean glazing channels immediately before glazing. Remove coatings which are not firmly
bonded to substrates.

11.1.17 GENERAL

Comply with the combined recommendations of glass manufacturers, of manufacturers of

sealants and other glazing materials, except where more stringent requirements are
indicated by referenced glazing standards.

Glazing channels are intended to provide for necessary bite on glass, minimum edge and
face clearances and adequate sealant thickness, with reasonable tolerances. Adjust as
required by Project conditions during installation.

Project glass from damage. Remove and dispose of glass units with damage or imperfections
of kind that impairs performance or appearance.

Prime joint surfaces as required for adhesion of sealant.

Install setting blocks one quarter of glass width from each corner but with edge nearest
corner not closer than 150 mm from corner of 0.125 times glass width, whichever is greater.
Install blocks to prevent movement.
Provide spacers of correct size and spacing for clearances, for glass sizes larger than 1200
united millimeters (length plus height), except where gaskets or glazing tapes are used for
glazing. Provide 3 mm minimum bit of spacers on glass and use thickness equal to sealant
width, or slightly less than final compressed thickness of tape.

Provide edge blocking to comply with referenced glazing standard. Install edge blocks
securely, between the mid-height and top corner of the glass and antiwalk blocks as
required.

Set units of glass in each series with uniformity of appearances.

Provide compressible filler rods as recommended by sealant and glass manufacturers, to

prevent sealant from clogging weep systems and from adhering to joints back surface and to
control depth of sealant.

Force sealants into glazing channels to eliminate voids and to ensure complete "wetting" or
bond of sealant to glass and channel surfaces. Tool exposed surfaces of sealants to provide a
"wash" away from glass.

11.1.18 INSULATING GLASS

Insulating glass units shall be 24 mm thick, consisting of two panes of 6 mm glass separated
by a desiccant filled metal spacer with bent, welded or fused corners, and welded or fused
splices or joints to provide a continuous 12 mm hermetically sealed and dehydrated space.
Insulating glass seal shall be dual seal with polyisobutylene and silicone sealants and
certified for compliance with seal classification "CBA" by the Insulating Glass Certification
Council (IGCC) and shall meet the requirements of ASTM E774 when tested in accordance
with the following ASTM test methods. Secondary seal for structural silicone glazed units
shall be a silicone edge seal certified for use in structural silicone glazing applications over
the temperature range and structural loading as called for by the performance criteria
section of this specification.

- E773 Test Method for Seal Durability of Sealed Insulating Glass Units.

- E774 Specification for Sealed Insulating Glass Units.

- E546 Test Method for Frost Point of Sealed Insulating Glass Units.

- E576 Test Method for Frost Point of Sealed Insulating Glass Units in Vertical
Position.

The glass shall be fully heat strengthened or tempered as specified to assure adequate glass
performance at the design pressures specified under the performance criteria. Glass
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manufacturer's recommendations are to be accompanied by wind load and thermal stress
analysis.

The contractor shall provide certification from the glass producer/fabricator that the glass
producer/fabricator has reviewed glass thickness and finds it suitable for the purpose
intended in accordance with his published literature and in accordance with these
specifications.

11.1.19 MIRRORS

Apply one additional coat of backing paint and allow to dry. Apply mirror mastic to cover not
more than 25% of back of mirror. Set mirror on base support, on setting blocks or
continuous gasket, and press against substrate to ensure bond of adhesive. Leave open
ventilation space, 3 mm or more in thickness between mirror and substrate. Do not seal-off
ventilation space at edge of mirror.

11.1.20 TAPE GLAZING

Position tapes on fixed stops so that when compressed by glass their exposed edges are
flush with or protrude slightly above sightline of stops.

Install tapes continuously but not in one continuous length. Do not stretch tapes to make
them fit opening.

Where framing joints are vertical, cover these joints by applying tapes to heads and sills first
and then to jambs. Where framing joints are horizontal, cover these joints by applying tapes
to jambs and then to heads and sills.

Place joints in tapes at corners of opening with adjoining lengths butted together, not
lapped. Seal joints in tapes with compatible sealant approved by tape manufacturer.

Do not remove release paper from tape until just before each lite is installed. Apply heel
bead of elastomeric sealant.

Center glass lites in openings on setting blocks and press firmly against tape by inserting
dense compression gaskets formed and installed to lock in place against faces of removable
stops. Start gasket applications at corners and work toward centers of openings.

Apply cap bead of elastomeric sealant over exposed edge of tape.

11.1.21 GASKET GLAZING (DRY)

Fabricate compression gaskets in lengths recommended by gasket manufacturer to fit

openings exactly, with stretch allowance during installation.

Secure compression gaskets in place with joints located at corners to compress gaskets
producing a weather-tight seal without developing bending stresses in glass. Seal gasket
joints with sealant recommended by gasket manufacturer. Gaskets shall have moulded
corners.

Install gaskets so they protrude past face of glazing stops.

11.1.22 SEALANT GLAZING (WET)

Install continuous spacers between glass lites and glazing stops to maintain glass face
clearances and to prevent sealant from extruding into glass channel weep systems until
sealants cure. Secure spacers in place and in position to control depth of installed sealant
relative to edge clearance for optimum sealant performance.

Force sealants into glazing channels to eliminate voids and to ensure complete wetting or
bond of sealant to glass and channel surfaces.

Tool exposed surfaces of sealants to provide a substantial wash away from glass. Install
pressurized gaskets to protrude slightly out of channel to eliminate dirt and moisture
pockets.

11.1.23 HEAT SOAKING OF TEMPERED GLASS

All tempered glass shall be subject to heat soaking tested prior to delivery to site.

11.1.24 PROTECTION AND CLEANING

Promptly protect installed glass from breakage with crossed streamers attached to framing
and held away from glass. Do not apply markers to surfaces of glass. Remove non-
permanent labels and clean surfaces.

Protect glass from contact with contaminating substances. If contaminating substances do

come into contact with glass, remove immediately as recommended by glass manufacturer.

Remove and replace glass which is broken, chipped, cracked, abraded or damaged in other
ways during construction period, including natural causes, accidents and vandalism.
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Wash glass on both faces not more than 4 days prior to date scheduled for inspections to
establish date of issue of the Provisional Acceptance Certificate in each area of the Project.
Wash glass as recommended by glass manufacturer.

11.1.25 GEORGIAN POLISHED WIRED GLASS

Georgian polished wired glass shall be 6 mm thick with an integral 13 mm square electrically
welded wire mesh. The glass shall conform to the applicable requirements of BS 476, Part 8:
1972.
 12. ROOFING WORKS

12.1.1 MILD STEEL ROOFING

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENT

The scope of work covered by this Section shall be deemed to comprise the furnishing and
installation of all mild steel roof trusses as shown in drawings and as specified. It shall also
include the supply of the relating materials and structural parts, scaffolding, off-loading on
site and all operations in connection with truss works, unless otherwise specified in the Bills
of Quantities.

Materials and structural parts, which the Contractor shall supply and install and which
subsequently will be incorporated in the structure, shall be new and unused. They shall
comply with the regulations regarding quality and dimensions. Materials and structural
parts that are not standardised shall be used only with the approval of the Consulting
Engineer.

2. MATERIALS
Structural steel section shall be as per BS specification, and steel tubes used in the truss
shall be hot finished tubes confirming to the requirements of BS EN 10210. Tubes shall be of
grade heavy or medium unless instructed.

Tubes shall be designated by their nominal bore. These shall be light, medium or heavy as
specified depending upon the wall thickness. The standard size and weights of tubes are
listed in manufacturer's weight chart or standard steel weight chart. Hollow sections shall
be as per EN 10255.

Tubes shall be clean finished and reasonably free from scale. They shall be free from cracks,
surface flaws, laminations and other defects. The ends shall be cut clean and square with
axis of tube, unless otherwise specified.

Minimum Thickness of Metal: Wall thickness of tubes used for construction exposed to
weather shall be not less than 4 mm and for construction not exposed to weather it shall be
not less than 2 mm where structures are not readily accessible for maintenance, the
minimum thickness shall be 5 mm.

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 3. EXECUTION

Fabrication

The fabrication of truss using steel tubes shall be done in accordance with BS 5950 Part 1, 3
and 4. Welding shall be done to BS Standard.

The component parts of the structure shall be assembled in such a manner that they are
neither twisted nor damaged. The members of the truss shall be assembled and welding
done according to the detailed drawing. All materials before assembly shall be straightened,
if necessary, unless required to be of a curvilinear form and shall be free from twist. All
fabrication and welding is to be done in an approved workshop. The joint details shall be
generally as per S.P-38 of B.I.S publication or as per design details.

Straightening

All material before being assembled shall be straightened, if necessary, unless required to
be of curvilinear form and shall be free from twist.

Bolting

Washers shall be specially shaped where necessary, or other means used, to give the nuts
and the heads of bolts a satisfactory bearing. In all cases where the full bearing of area of
the bolt is to be developed, the treaded portion of the bolt shall be not within the thickness
of the parts bolted together and washers of appropriate thickness shall be provided to allow
the nut to be completely tightened. Edges should be dressed to a neat and work-man like
finish and be free from distortion where parts are to be in a contact metal-to-metal.

Caps and Bases for Columns

The ends of all the tubes, for columns transmitting loads through the ends, should be true
and square to the axis of the tubes and should be provided with a cap or base accurately
fitted to the end of the tube and screwed, welded or shrunk on. The cap or base plate
should be true and square to the axis of the column.

Sealing of Tubes

Where the end of a tube is not automatically sealed by virtue of its connection by welding to
another member, the end shall be properly and completely sealed. Before sealing, the inside
of the tube should be dried and free from loose scale.
Flattened Ends

In tubular construction, the ends of tubes may be flattened or otherwise formed to provide
for welded, riveted or bolted connections provided that the methods adopted for such
flattening do not injure the material. The change of section shall be gradual.

Painting

All tubes and part thereof shall unless specified otherwise, shall be painted with two coats
of rust inhibitive primer before erection at site.

Hoisting and Erection

After the members are cut into the required length, and welded to form a truss system by
providing fish plate, anchor plates etc. fully butt welded, the fabricated members shall be
assembled in ground to form a full scale truss for inspection by the Consulting Engineer. The
truss then be lifted to the required level and position where pre-fixed holding down bolts
are prepared to receive such truss in position and alignment. All the bolts and nuts including
holding down bolts are well tightened using required washers. Tubular trusses shall be
hoisted and erected in position carefully, without damage to themselves, other structure,
equipment and injury to workman. The method of hoisting and erection proposed to be
adopted shall be got approved from the Consulting Engineer. The contractor shall however
be fully responsible, for the work being carried out in a safe and proper manner without
unduly stressing the various members. Proper equipment such as derricks, lifting tackles,
winches, ropes etc. shall be used.

12.1.2 GENERAL TIMBER WORKS

1. MATERIALS

a) Timber: Timber to be used for the work shall be from the duramen of a sound tree of
mature growth, the sapwood being entirely removed. It shall be uniform in substance
straight in fibre, free from large, loose, dead or cluster knots, flaws, shakes, warp, cup,
spring, twist bends or defects of any kind. It should be free from spongy, brittle flaky or
brushy condition. All timber shall be seasoned and be free from decay, rot, harmful fungi
and insect attacks and from any other damage or harmful nature which will affect the
strength durability, appearance or its usefulness for the purpose for which it is required.

b) Colour: The colour shall be uniform as far as possible, the darkness of colour amongst
coloured species of timber being generally a sign of strength and durability.

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c) Kind: The species of timber to be used shall be as mentioned in the design or BoQ. Where
such species are not mentioned, they shall be the best quality timber as approved by the
Consulting Engineer. The Consulting Engineer may inspect all logs and scantlings prior to use
and may reject any that he considers defective in the requirement of specification.

d) Moisture Content: The maximum permissible moisture content for timber shall be 12
percent of dry weight of timber. Timber for the work shall not be brought until seen and
approved by the Consulting Engineer, who may reject defective timber which shall be
immediately removed from the site of work. Any effort like plugging, painting, using, any
adhesives or resinous materials to hide defects shall render the pieces, rejectable by the
Engineer. Timber prepared for inspection shall be clean and free from dust and paint or
other material which may conceal the defects.

e) Sawing: All scantlings shall be sawn in straight lines and plains and of uniform thickness
and of full measurement from end to end and shall be sawn in the direction of the grain.
They shall be sawn with such sufficient margin as to secure specified dimensions, lines and
planes after being wrought. Maximum slope of grain shall range between 1 in 10 and 1 in
20. Any timber rejected shall at once be removed from site of work.

f) Glue: Glue to be used shall comply with the provisions of BS 1204 or BS 4051 as required.

g) Nails, Screws, Etc.: Nails, screws, ties, straps, bolts, plates etc., shall be of the material,
make and pattern specified in the item and Drawing. These shall comply with BS
specification published and revised from time to time and as approved by the Consulting
Engineer.

2. EXECUTION

Precautions against Decaying

The Contractor shall, in all cases, paint, oil or otherwise treat woodwork with the prior
approval of the Consulting Engineer.

a) All parts of woodwork resting on or set in masonry shall be well painted with two
coats of hot boiled tar as approved. The tar shall be so applied as not to appear on
exposed timber. No extra payment shall be made for such tarring. Timber buried in
the ground shall be well coated with tar.

b) When the end of a beam or joint is embedded in masonry, an air space of 6 mm shall
be left at the ends and sides wherever practicable and necessary.

Workmanship

All woodwork shall be neatly and truly finished to the exact required dimensions shown in
the Drawings. Unless otherwise required in the special provisions, woodwork that will
remain exposed to view when the work is completed shall be accurately planned to the
required dimensions, perfectly smooth and to the lines, planes or curves as required. Unless
otherwise specified, all joints shall be simple tenon and mortice joints with the end of the
tenon exposed to view. All mortice, tenon and other types of joints shall fit truly and fully
without any wedging or filling, in a workmanlike manner. Only where specially required, the
end of the tenon shall not show. All joints shall be of types shown in the Drawings or
specified for the item and as directed by the Consulting Engineer. Where no specific
instruction is given to the Contractor, he shall observe the following principle in forming
joints:

 to cut the joint and arrange fastenings so as to weaken as little as possible the pieces
of timber they contact.

 to place each abutting surface in a joint as nearly as possible perpendicular to the

pressure it has to transmit.

 to firm and fit accurately every pair of surfaces that come in contact.

All framed joinery for external work shall be put together with white lead and joints plained
with hard wood or bamboo pins. For internal works where joints are not likely to be
affected by moisture, the joints may be glued and similarly pinned. Where ordered, the butt
joints shall be cross tongued, and the tongues cut at right angle or diagonally to the grain of
the wood. All moldings shall be cleaned and accurately finished and all miters etc. shall be
properly met. Where turning is required, it shall be done to the exact shape shown in the
drawings.

Framing

Framed woodwork includes all sawing, cutting, planning, joining, framing, supply and use of
all straps, bolts, hold fasts, nails, treenails, spikes, screws etc. necessary for framing and
fixing. Framing and trussing are to be done in the best possible manner and all necessary
ties, straps, bolts, screws etc., fitted as shown on the drawings or as directed by the
Consulting Engineer. Holes of correct size shall be drilled before inserting screws. Driving in
or starting the screws with hammer is prohibited. All screws shall be dipped in oil before
being inserted in the wood. The kind of nails and screws shall be subject to the approval of
the Engineer.

Scaffolding

The Contractor shall provide all labour, scaffolding, ladders and tackle necessary for hoisting
and fixing wood work in position and afford facilities for its inspection during construction.
He shall also be responsible to see that the tackle and scaffolding etc. are of the requisite
strength and that the work is secured in a proper manner during inspection. The Contractor
shall be responsible for the safety of the work, workman and for any action or
compensation that may arise in this connection.
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Iron Work

All ironwork connected with the wood work and going to be embedded in masonry shall
receive two coats of hot coal tar before erection. If it is to be painted, it shall be given the
first two coats on the ground before being fixed in position and the third coat afterwards.

Precaution against Fire

No woodwork of any kind shall be laid within 60 mm of a fireplace or flue. During the
progress of work, all shavings, cuttings and other rubbish shall be cleared away as the work
progresses, and all precautions shall be taken against fire. No rubbish shall be left under
floorboards or in other concealed position on the job.

Inspection

All woodwork shall be inspected and approved by Consulting Engineer before being put into
the work. The Consulting Engineer shall not be barred from rejecting any wrought timber on
account of defective quality be reason of his having previously passed the same before it
had been worked upon. In no case the woodwork shall be painted or otherwise treated
before it is inspected and approved by the Consulting Engineer. All woodwork in a building
shall, after it has been passed by the Consulting Engineer, have the primary coat of paint put
on or otherwise treated before being fitted in position. The subsequent coats of paint or
other finish shall be applied after the woodwork is fixed in position.

Defective Works

If, within three months after the work is completed, any undue shrinkage or bad
workmanship is discovered, the Contractor shall forth with replace or refix the same to the
satisfaction of the Consulting Engineer without extra charge.
 13. INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FINISHES

13.1.1 IN-SITU FINISHES

1. Scope

This specification covers all in-situ floor, wall and ceiling finishes to be incorporated into the
Works.

2. General

The Contractor shall perform all attendance upon other trades and protect all Works
specified under this Section from damage during subsequent operations, make good any
defects, clear away upon completion, clean throughout and leave all Work in perfect
condition to the approval of the Engineer.

MATERIALS

3. Cement

Cement for all finishes shall be Ordinary Portland Cement complying with BS 12 as specified
under "CONCRETE WORK". White cement, where required shall confirm to the same
specification standards.

4. Coarse Aggregate

Coarse aggregate for use in screeds shall be as specified under "CONCRETE WORK", but with
maximum size of aggregate 5 mm.

Aggregate for use in granolithic shall be selected granite or quartz between 5 mm and 10
mm in size.

5. Fine Aggregate (Sand)

Sand for use in plaster Work shall be as specified under "CONCRETE WORK - SECTION 03”
and BS 1199 & 1200: 1976. The total chloride content shall not exceed 0.06%. Fine
aggregate for use in tyrolean shall be specially selected for that purpose.

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 6. Water

Water shall be clean, free from any harmful matter, and free from any unusual proportions
of dissolved salt. Sea water or brackish water shall not be used. Analysis by an independent
testing body shall be made to determine the suitability of the water if required by the
Engineer.

7. Additives

Additives for use in in-situ finishes shall only be used with the approval of the Engineer.

8. Metal Lathing

Internal Applications: Metal lathing for use in in-situ finishes shall be plain expanded metal
type complying with BS 1369: Part 1:1987, (1994), weighing not less than 1.61 kg/m2. All
metal lathing shall be zinc coated steel conforming to BS EN 10143:1993 with a coating of at
least grade G275.

Metal lathing shall be secured by means of galvanized steel nails and washers at 350 mm
centres. If wire is to be used for securing metal lathing it shall be zinc coated and not less
than 1.2 mm in diameter.

Metal lathing shall be provided over all junctions of concrete and blockwork or any other
dissimilar materials which are to be rendered. The minimum width of the metal lath shall be
100 mm on each side of the joint.

External Applications: Metal lathing for use in in-situ finishes for external applications shall
be of galvanized steel metal lathing as specified above except that the zinc coating shall be
to grade G 450.

9. Angle Beads, Stop Beads, Etc.

All external angles to plastered and rendered finishes shall have external angle beads to
ensure a true straight arris. Plastered and rendered finishes brought up to door frames,
window frames and the like shall have architrave beads and where finishes end but do not
abut other materials stop beads shall be used.

All beads, stop beads, plaster stops, corner beads, etc., for internal application shall be of
galvanized steel and for external applications shall be of austenitic stainless steel in
accordance with BS 1449: Part 2: 1983, grade 304S15 and be of an approved type from an
approved manufacturer. All beads shall be fixed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. Beads and stops shall be fixed plumb, square and true to line and level.
Metal angle beads shall be fixed to solid background with plaster dabs at all internal arrises,
and shall be fixed to timber supports with 28 mm clout nails. Both types of fixing shall be on
each side of angle at not more than 600 mm centres.

Metal plaster stops shall be fixed with plaster dabs or 38 mm clout nails at not more than
600 mm centres.

10. Aluminium Cover Strips

Where indicated on the Drawings, junctions of different floor finishes shall be provided with
extruded aluminium cover strips.

Cover strips shall be of a type, and from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer and shall
be fixed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

11. Floor Hardener and Sealers

Exposed cement : sand screed floors and/or exposed concrete floors shall be treated with a
sodium silicate based floor hardener which at the same time seals the floor against dust and
renders it oil proof, from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer as detailed on drawings.

12. Epoxy Coating to Services Rooms, Shafts, Treads and Risers

The epoxy floor coating to Pump room, FHC, Lift machine room, Shafts/OTS, etc., where
indicated on drawings shall be Mastertop 1210 by MBT or Nitoflor FC150 by Fosroc or Rezex
EP of Cormix.

The coating shall be applied in 2 coats to a minimum total dry film thickness of 200 microns.

Inert, hardwearing, anti-slip aggregate shall be in incorporated between coats to provide a

highly anti-slip surface.

The surface of the concrete/screed shall be lightly acid etched followed by rinsing with
water and complete drying. All surface dust and debris shall then be removed by vacuum.
The epoxy resin floor coating shall be mixed and applied strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions and applied by roller in 2 coats to achieve a minimum total dry
film thickness of no less than 300 microns.

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The epoxy resin floor coating colour shall be to the approval of the Engineer from the
manufacturer's available range.

The floor coating shall conform to the following minimum requirements:-

Volume solids - 100%, Absorption (ASTM C 413) - 0.06%,.

Service Temperature - 55° C.

13. Seamless Epoxy Screed

A. Materials

Multi-layer epoxy coating to industrial kitchen and other floorings where indicated in
schedules and drawings shall be solvent free, pigmented, two or three component epoxy
based screed system 6 mm thick with sealer coat similar to Asoguard FC of Shomburg or
Master Top 1240, FEB Master Builders or equal and approved.

Typical Properties:

- Pot life at 20 C 40 min.

- Compressive strength (BS 6319: Part 2) 70 N/mm2 (min).
- Flexural strength (BS 6319, Part 71) 25 N/mm2 (min.)
- Slip resistance (TRRL Pendulum Tester) 50

The flooring shall be resistance to most common detergents, dilute acids, petrol, furit juice,
edible oil and common kitchen droppings.

The colour of the system shall be as directed by the Engineer.

The product shall have the approval of the concerned Municipality of the project area and
the relevant health authorities in the country of manufacturer.

B. Workmanship

Epoxy coating system shall be carried out by an approved and qualified specialist sub-
contractor, having not less than 5 years successful experience of similar works and fully
trained in the applications and techniques involved and in strict compliance with the
manufacturer's instructions.

The Contractor shall provide all necessary equipment, to enable the completion of work to
the total satisfaction of the Engineer.

The surface to which the epoxy overlay is to be applied shall be prepared as specified by the
manufacturer and to the approval of the Engineer. The concrete surface shall be at least 28
days old and the relative humidity at the surface shall be within acceptable levels
recommended by the manufacturer when measured with a hygrometer (BS 8201-81).

The surfaces shall be prepared by any of the following methods as recommended by the
manufacturer and as approved by the Engineer:

a) Vacuum shot blasting.

b) Grit blasting.
c) Acid Etching.
The prepared surface should be dry, clean and free of oil, grease and loose materials. If acid
etching has been employed the floor shall be rinsed copiously with clean water and allowed
to dry. Dust and loose particles are to be vacuumed off the surface.
Any repairs to arises etc. shall be carried out with the appropriate compatible repair systems
recommended by the manufacturer of the epoxy coating system.
A primer recommended by the manufacturer shall be applied before application of the
coating.
Epoxy coating material shall be mixed and applied strictly as per his written instructions of
the manufacturer ensuring that the rate of application is adequate to provide the required
thickness and shall follow the timings laid down by the manufacturer. A sealer coat shall be
applied to provide a clean neat surface for duration recommended to the manufacturer.
The application shall be allowed to dry and shall be protected against traffic, water and
spillages for the duration recommended by the manufacturer.
1014. Protective Coating to Kitchens Walls
Protective coating to walls of kitchen and other areas indicated in the Schedule of Finishes
shall be an interior coating system similar to Sanitile 550 or Wall glaze.
The surface preparation, rate of application and the number of coats shall be strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions.
The material shall have the approval of the concerned Municipality of the project area and
the health authorities in the country of origin.

14. Vehicular Traffic Deck Coating System

Carparking decks and ramps shall be coated with an approved traffic deck coating system
which shall provide both waterproofing and car parking/ramp coating to provide protection
to concrete, be resistant to abrasion, normal engine oils, gasoline, etc. The traffic deck
coating system shall be similar to “QSC-5123” of “Carlisle coating and waterproofing of
USA.” The material shall be suitable for the extreme climates prevalent in the area and shall
be UV resistant. Ramps shall be provided with an extra coat to provide additional traction as
recommended by the manufacturer.

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The coating shall be carried up parapets, walls, columns and other obstructions to a
minimum height of 10 cm.

The surface preparation, mixing and rate of application shall be strictly in accordance with
the manufacturers written instructions and to the approval of the Engineer.

The Contractor shall provide a method statement of how the surface preparation, mixing
and application shall be carried out along with detailed shopdrawings, samples and the
manufacturers catalogues and data sheets for the approval of the Engineer. Any approval
accorded by the Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his contractual
responsibilities or obligations.
The coating system shall be carried out by an approved and qualified specialist sub-
contractor, having not less than 5 years successful experience of similar works and fully
trained in the applications and techniques involved and in strict compliance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
The Contractor shall provide all necessary equipment, to enable the completion of work to
the total satisfaction of the Engineer.
The surface to which the coating is to be applied shall be prepared as specified by the
manufacturer and to the approval of the Engineer. The concrete surface shall be at least 28
days old and the relative humidity at the surface shall not be more than 75% when
measured with a hygrometer (BS 8201-81).
The surfaces shall be prepared by any of the following methods as prescribed by the
manufacturers and/or as directed by the Engineer:
a) Vacuum shot blasting.
b) Grit blasting.
c) Acid Etching.
The prepared surface should be dry, clean and free of oil, grease and loose materials. If acid
etching has been employed the floor shall be rinsed copiously with clean water and allowed
to dry. Dust and loose particles are to be vacuumed off the surface.
If contamination of oil or grease exists then the surface shall be cleaned using a degreaser
specified by the manufacturer and approved by the Engineer.
Any repairs to arise etc. shall be carried out with the appropriate compatible repair systems
recommended by the manufacturer of the coating system and approved by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a guarantee stating that all they have been
carried out in accordance with the drawings, the specifications and the manufacturer’s
written instructions, and shall be guaranteed free from defects in material and
workmanship. The guarantee shall be for a period of ten (10) years from the date of
issuance of the completion certificate. The Contractor shall agree to repair/re-do (including
any replacement of materials) any defects, leaks, etc. resulting from defective materials or
workmanship during the guarantee period at no additional cost to the Client.
The Contractor shall also pass on to the owner any and all guarantees provided by the sub-
contractor and manufacturers of individual members of the system.
 15. Mixing of Plaster/Render and Screed
Except where hand-mixing of small batches is approved by the Engineer, mechanical mixers
of an approved type shall be used for mixing.
Mechanical mixers, mixing boxes and tools shall be cleaned after mixing each batch and
kept free of material from previous mixes. All tools, implements, vessels and surfaces shall
at all times be kept scrupulously clean and strict precautions shall be taken to avoid
materials becoming contaminated by pieces of partially set material which would tend to
retard or accelerate the setting time.
Retempering will not be permitted and all render or screed which has begun to stiffen shall
be discarded. Frozen, caked or lumped materials shall not be used.
PREPARATION OF SURFACES
16. Walls and Ceilings
All surfaces to be rendered shall be clean and free from dust and grease. Projecting mortar
and concrete fins and runs shall be removed. Traces of salts shall be thoroughly sprayed
with water and all free water shall be allowed to dry and disappear from the surface before
the render is applied.
Rendering shall not commence until the background has been suitably prepared. Blockwork
joints shall be deeply raked out, efflorescence brushed off and all dust and foreign matter
removed. On all external surfaces and on all smooth internal surfaces a spatterdash of
cement and sand which shall contain 500 kgs of cement per one cubic metre of sand shall be
applied and allowed to dry before rendering is commenced. Alternatively, an approved
bonding agent may be used. All surfaces of walls and ceilings shall be wetted immediately
prior to applying the rendering.
The Contractor shall form vertical guide screeds 50 mm wide on walls. The spacing shall not
exceed 1.50 meters. The screeds shall be plumb and shall all be in the same plane. The sides
of the screed shall be left rough to bond with plaster. The finished surface shall be true to
shape and angle, even in all directions, with straight arrises free from cracks and trowel
marks and to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer
17. Floors
All surfaces to receive screeds shall be clean and free from projections, dust, grease and
other deleterious matter. Free water shall be allowed to dry out before screeding
commences. The surfaces to be screeded shall provide a good bond for the screed and if it is
not to the standard required by the Engineer, it shall be hacked or otherwise treated to his
satisfaction.
APPLICATION OF FINISHES
18. Plaster/Render
Render shall not be applied within 24 hours of the spatter coat application, if used.
Render shall be floated to a true, even surface. If the surface is to be a smooth finish then it
shall be further troweled in a manner which forces the sand particles down into the render.
All render surfaces shall be free from rough areas, trowel marks, checks or other blemishes.
Work shall be executed in a neat workmanlike manner and internal and external angles shall
be true, straight and plumb.
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Render shall be made good to adjacent finishes, frames, skirtings, etc.. and around pipes
sleeves and other fittings.
Render shall be worked into expanded metal lathing, where used, and into beads to form a
neat edge or arris.
19. Base-Coat Plaster/Render
The base coat shall not be applied before the elapse of 24 hours on the application of the
spatterdash coat to ensure complete setting.
The base coat shall be lightly scratched in both directions to provide key for the finishing
coat and shall be kept moist with a spray for two days and then allowed to dry out.
20. Finishing Coat Plaster/Render
The finishing coat shall not be applied until the rendering or base coat has seasoned for 7
days. The finishing coat, rendering coat or base coat shall be wetted evenly with a fog spray.
Where cement plaster with a smooth troweled finish is specified or indicated on the
drawings, the finish coat shall be first floated to a true even surface, then troweled in a
manner that will force the sand particles down into the plaster and with the final troweling,
leave the surface finished smooth and free from rough areas, trowel marks, checks or other
blemishes.
Cement plaster in all other spaces, where a smooth finish is not specified or noted on the
Drawings, shall be given a sand float finish of a uniform texture, as approved by the
Engineer.
Approved hydrated or slaked lime shall be added in the protection hereinafter specified to
the mix of the finish float coat to internal plaster which is to be lime washed.
21. Gypsum Plaster
Gypsum plaster to walls shall be similar to “Gypsum Lime Plaster GLP IA” of Conmix or equal
and approved. The plaster shall be applied by an approved agent of the manufacturer or
shall be personnel trained and approved by the manufacturer. Gypsum plaster shall be
applied by a plaster spray machine in a single coat of minimum 13 mm thickness and shall
be fit enough to receive paint or wall paper.
The surface preparation, mixing and application shall be strictly in conformity with the
written instructions of the manufacturer. The manufacturer’s agent shall visit the site as
required to ensure strict compliance of his procedures.
22. Spray Plaster
Spray plaster to ceilings shall be proprietary ready to use compounds of inert filler material
which shall provide a even finish without the need for any paint.
The thickness of the coating system shall not be more than 6 mm.
A fibre glass mesh shall be applied to the entire surface. The mesh shall be plain weave,
0.15 mm thick of density not less than 60 gm/m2 and white in colour and shall be fixed with
a filler coat.
This shall be followed with a leveling coat and finished with 2 finish coats to a fine texture to
the approval of the Engineer.
No ceiling work shall be stated until all wet works on the floor above are completed.
The contractor shall ensure that the corners and edges of ceiling, meeting the walls, shall be
straight without undulations.
The material, mixing, application and finish shall be as per the written instructions of the
manufacturers of the system and as directed and approved by the Engineer.

23. Screed
Screed shall be laid by competent workmen to the thicknesses indicated on the drawings or
as directed by the Engineer. If required by the Engineer, screed shall be laid in bays and
where possible joints shall coincide with those in the base.
Curing of screeds shall be carried out by covering with sacking, canvas, hessian or similar
material kept constantly wet for a period of at least three days. The screed shall be
protected from all traffic until set. To prevent pounding, screeds to falls shall be to perfect
gradients.
Surfaces shall either be floated or troweled depending upon the nature of the finish to be
applied and shall be as indicated on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer. Maximum
allowable deviation in level shall be 3 mm in 3 m.

MIX PROPORTIONS
24. Plaster/Render
Plaster/render to surfaces shall be mixed in the following proportions:
Internal plaster & backing to tiles - 1 part cement 4 parts sand ) Note: measured:
External render - 1 part cement 4 parts sand ) by volume
25. Screed
Screed to floors shall be mixed in the following proportions:
1 part cement
1 1/2 parts fine aggregate (sand)
3 parts coarse aggregate (maximum size 5 mm)
Water content shall be kept to a minimum with a maximum allowable slump of 50 mm.
TILE, SLAB AND SHEET FINISHINGS
26. Scope
These specifications cover tile, slab and flexible sheet finishings to floors and walls intended
to be used in the Works.

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 27. General
The Contractor shall perform all attendance upon other trades and protect all works
specified under this Section from damage during subsequent operations, make good any
defects, clean throughout and leave all works in a perfect condition to the satisfaction of the
Engineer. All materials and manufactured items that are liable to damage shall be delivered
in the original package, containers, etc.. bearing the name of the manufacturer and the
brand, and shall be carefully loaded, transported, unloaded, stored in an approved manner,
protected from damage and exposure to weather or dampness during transit and after
delivery to the Site.
Damaged materials and manufactured items shall not be used in the works specified under
this Section. Any materials and manufactured items damaged during and after bedding or
setting in position shall be removed and replaced by and at the Contractor's expense.
Although recommended sizes and thicknesses of tiles, slips and slabs will be indicated on
the Drawings, the final choice of size colour and thickness shall be decided by the Engineer's
Representative at Site.

MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE

28. Cement

Cement shall be ordinary Portland Cement to BS 12. White (non stain) cement shall conform
to the same specification standards.

29. Colour Pigments

Colour pigments shall conform to BS 1014.
30. Sand (Fine Aggregate)
Sand (Fine Aggregate) for use in Tile and Slab finishings shall be as specified under
CONCRETE WORK-SECTION 03 and 1199 & 1200: 1976.

31. Water
Water shall be as specified under "CONCRETE WORK".

32. Grout
Grout for tiling work shall be obtained from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer.

33. Adhesive
Adhesive shall be a suitable cement based adhesive complying with BS 5980:1980, from a
manufacturer approved by the Engineer.
 34. Joint Sealant
Sealant for movement joints shall be silicone based for internal use and 1 part polysulphide
based for external use, from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer.

35. SEALANTS
The treatment of external/internal, moving and static joints to prevent penetration of
moisture.

Standards:
BS 2499 Hot applied joint sealants for concrete pavements.
BS 3712 Method of test for building sealants.
BS 3712: Part 1: 1991 Homogeneity, relative, density and penetration.
BS 3712: Part 2: 1994 Seepage, staining, shrinkage, shelf life and paintability.
BS 3712: Part 3: 1994 Application life skinning properties and tack-free time.
BS 3712: Part 4: 1991 Adhesion in peel.
BS 4254:1991 Two-part polysulphide-based sealants.
BS 5212: Cold applied joint sealants systems for concrete pavements.
BS 5215:1986 One-part gun-grade polysulphide-based sealants.
Part 2:1991 Code of practice for design and installation of External,
ceramic wall tiling and mosaics.
BS 5889:1989 One part gun grade silicone-
based sealants.
BS 6100 Sec. Glossary of terms relating to
joints & jointing1.5.2:1987

General:
Joint fillers shall be cellular preformed and low density capable of 50 per cent compression
at 4 newtons per sq. mm.

Backing strips shall be foamed polyethylene joint filler of suitable size and surface finish to
act as bond-breaker.

Primers shall be fully in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of the
sealant manufacturer.

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Sealants shall be to dimensions shown placed against firm preformed backing strips.

Sealant shall have hard adhesion to parent material and shall not harden or become brittle
over a temperature range of -5 to 55o C and shall not degrade in strong sunlight.

Sealant shall not slump, flow, stain adjacent surfaces or release toxic agents after
application.

Joints shall be clean and dry at time of priming. Concrete shall be wire brushed and blown
clean with oil free compressed air.

Metal surfaces shall be cleaned with an oil and paraffin free solvent to remove all surface
oils. Such solvent shall be wiped dry by clean dry rags.

Joints shall be primed in accordance with the manufacturer's standards and requirements of
the sealant manufacturers. Joints shall be sealed as soon as the primer is tack dry.

Joints shall be sealed at an ambient dry bulb shade temperature of 25 to 35o C. Protect
adjacent surfaces as necessary.

Joints shall be fully filled and finished with a smooth even surface. To roads, hardstandings
and ground slabs the sealant shall be placed such that when compressed they will not
depress more than 3 mm below the surface.

Application of sealants:

a) All external joints shall be sealed.

b) All wet joints shall be sealed.
c) All visible vertical joints between concrete and/or masonry elements shall be
sealed.
d) All joints between ceramic tiles and abutting materials such as cabinets, baths,
sinks, door frames, floor drains shall be sealed.
Joints in offices and other accommodation shall be sealed as specified but with cover
strips
specifically designed to conceal expansion joints while allowing expansion to take
place.

Sealant Type:

Type A Structural expansion and isolation joints.

Floors and walls will have proprietary elastomeric joints. The sealant shall be a two part
polysulphide sealant, to BS 4254:1991 and capable of plus or minus 25 % movement
(minimum). The colour and sealant shall be to the Engineer's approval.

Type B Crack-control joints in medium and heavy duty floors.

The sealant shall be a two-part chemical-fuel-and oil-resistant and abrasion-resistant
elastomeric sealant capable of plus or minus 5 percent movement (minimum) and to the
Engineer's approval.

In areas subject to spillage of hydraulic fluid or other aggressive agents, suitable alternatives
which will not be subject to attack shall be used as agreed with the Engineer, e.g.. to
mechanical workshops.

Type C Sealant for Windows, doors, sanitary fittings, Ceramic tiling and general builders
work.

The sealant shall be a one-part high-modules silicone sealant, type- B to BS 5889:1989 The
colour shall be to the Engineer's approval.

Type D Glazing and Bedding compound.

The sealant shall be an oil-based material containing synthetic polymer, manufactured

specifically for glazing bedding to be to the Engineer's approval.

Type E Roads and Hardstandings.

The sealant shall be a chemical-fuel-and-oil resistant cold-applied two-part elastomeric

compound to BS 5212 to the Engineer's approval. It shall be capable of plus or minus 12.5
percent movement (minimum).

36. Backing Strip/Backer Rod

Backing Strip/backer rod for joint sealant shall be round, closed cell, impermeable, extruded
polyethylene foam, from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer. The diameter of the rod
shall be about 25% greater than the width of the joint to provide a tight fit. As far as
possible continuous length shall be used.

37. Joint Filling Material

Filling material for movement joints shall be flexible bitumen impregnated mineral fiber
board from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer.

38. Plasticisers

Plasticisers shall be from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer.

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 39. Mastic

Mastic for water proofing and damp proofing membrane shall be rubber/bitumen based
from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer.

40. Precast Terrazzo Tiles, Skirting, Etc..

The precast terrazzo tiles and skirtings shall confirm to BS 4131:1973 and shall be formed of
white cement and granular marble chippings of large grades in order to obtain a good
wearing surfaces. The thickness of the wearing layer shall be around half tile thickness.
Precast terrazzo skirtings shall have square top edges.

Precast terrazzo treads, risers, strings, thresholds, etc. shall be of the design, dimensions
and thicknesses shown on the Drawings and they shall be formed in the same proportions
and mixes as for tiles.

Where required, terrazzo units shall be reinforced with bars and treads shall have either a
non-slip aggregate (carborundum) incorporated into the top surface or a non-slip nosing
recessed into the surface near the edge as directed by the Engineer. Grinding shall be done
wet by means of appropriate carborundum stones. Filling shall be with a neat cement grout
of the same colour as the facing mix and this shall be worked into the surface with a
wooden scraper to fill all voids and air holes. After a minimum period of 24 hours polishing
shall be carried out as described in "Workmanship". Samples of terrazzo shall be provided
for the Engineer to choose from.

41. Ceramic Floor Tiles

Ceramic floor tiles shall be matt finish, vitrified plain clay tiles manufactured in accordance
with BS 6431. Skirtings shall be coved edge type 100 mm high. Acid resistant tiles shall be
used where specified. Tile pattern and colour shall be to the Engineer's approval. The tile
sizes and make shall be as detailed on drawings.

42. Glazed Wall Tiles

Glazed wall tiles shall conform to the requirements of BS 6431 and the size shall be as
shown on the schedule of finishes or the Drawings and of an approved pattern and colour.
Single edge and double edge rounded tiles, coves and corner pieces shall be of the same
quality, colour, and finish. The tile sizes and make shall be as detailed on drawings.
 43. Marble or Granite Slabs

Marble or granite slabs for flooring, skirting, treads, risers, door thresholds, column and wall
cladding shall be first quality, uniform in colour and texture, free from voids, earth veins and
lamination or structural weakness and of an approved texture and colour. The pattern,
dimensions and thicknesses of marble or granite slabs shall be as shown on the Drawings, or
as stated in the Bills of Quantities. Samples of marble or granite slabs shall be submitted to
the Engineer for approval prior to order.

All marble shall be applied with an approved non-yellowing penetrative protective sealant
to back and sides.

Metal anchorage consisting of cramps, bolts, dowels, etc. shall be of approved proprietary
make from stainless steel or phosphor bronze.

WORKMANSHIP

44. Precast Cement and Terrazzo Tiles

The precast cement and terrazzo tiles shall be laid in accordance with BS 5385: Part 5: 1990,
BS 8204: Part 4: 1993 and/or BS 8000: Section 11.1: 1989 as applicable and as directed by
the Engineer. Precast cement and terrazzo tiles shall be laid on a (1:3) mix of cement and
sand mortar and any admixtures approved by the Engineer. The finished floor level shall be
maintained as indicated on drawings by providing an approved sand layers of required
thickness. Approved PVC separator strips 8 mm thick of colour to the approval of the
Engineer shall be provided for every 9m2 area of the tile works.

All tiles shall be laid with square joints and shall be grouted up on completion, care being
taken to fill all joints completely.

The grout shall consist of neat cement of a colour to match the tiling. Any surplus grout shall
be cleaned off the face of the tiling and surrounding surfaces immediately and all tiling shall
be carefully cleaned off.

All terrazzo surfaces shall be polished on completion. Large areas such as floors shall be wet
polished by means of approved machines using a No. 140 carborundum wheel. Any narrow
surfaces which cannot be polished conveniently by the machine, may be polished by hand
using a No.140 carborundum stone and water. Care must be taken during any polishing
operation not to damage any angles or arrises. Polishing shall be performed with addition of
appropriate lead and salt pigments as approved by the Engineer to produce a mirror-like
glossy finish.

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Tiles shall be cut with a suitable cutting tool and rough edges shall be rubbed smooth. Cut-
tile misfits shall be replaced with properly cut tiles. Straight edges shall be accurately set to
the lines established and reset at suitable intervals to keep the joints parallel over the entire
area.

Broken tiles or tiles showing the least signs of defects will not be accepted and if laid by the
Contractor shall be removed and replaced with sound tiles, at his own expense.

Tiles shall be laid out from the centre line of each space outward and adjustment made
along walls, partitions, and borders, so as to symmetrize the pattern with a minimum of cut
tiles.

Tiles of less than half of their full size along one side after cutting should be avoided.

45. Ceramic Floor Tiles

Ceramic floor tiling shall be carried out in compliance with BS 5385: Part 3:1989 and/or BS
8000: Section 11.1 :1989 as applicable and as directed by the Engineer.
The overall thickness of tiles, mortar and screed shall be maximum of 80 mm. Bedding shall
consist of cement:sand mortar 1:3 of a stiff plastic consistency, spread,
compacted and leveled to a thickness of 9-10 mm. Water content of mortar must be limited
to prevent formation of surface water when mortar is compacted and surface water which
does occur must be allowed to dry. Sufficient mortar for 2-3 hours work maximum shall be
laid at any one time.

Tiles shall be dipped in water and surface water allowed to drain off. The back of the tiles
shall be buttered with neat cement/water mix (or cement based adhesive), and the tiles laid
on bedding and tapped down to form a level surface. All joints shall be as close as possible
and shall in no case exceed half (0.5) mm in width on face for areas less than ten (10) square
meters and one (1) mm for areas over ten (10) square meters.

Tiles shall be left for at least twelve (12) hours before joints are grouted.

White or tinted cement and water to 1:1 mix of paste consistency shall be worked into the
joints until flush with face of tiles.

Acid resistant tiles shall be grouted in a suitable acid-resistant grout to the Engineer's
approval.

The surplus grout from the floor surface shall be gently wiped with fine sand. Sawdust shall
not be used.

Walking on tiles shall not be allowed for five (5) days after laying.
Perimeter movement joints shall be provided to the full depth of finish, bedding and screed
in all tiled floors.
 46. Glazed Wall Tiles - Fixing with Adhesive

Wall tiling shall be carried out in compliance with BS 5385: Part 1: 1976 for Internal work
and BS 5385: Part 2: 1976 for External work and/or BS 8000: Section 11.1 : 1989, as
applicable and as directed by the Engineer.

The background for tiling shall be suitably prepared free from oil, grease, loose or friable
materials and shall provide an adequate key for bedding.

The maximum deviation of background shall not exceed 3 mm when measured under a two
metre straight edge.

Tiling work shall be carefully set out prior to starting to minimize the amount of tile cutting
and to ensure alignment of vertical and horizontal joints.

Tiles shall be dry when fixed, using adhesive, mixed and used strictly in accordance with
manufacturer's written instructions and within the stated working time of the adhesive. The
manufacturer's recommendations for safe handling and ventilation of working area shall be
carefully followed.

Adhesive shall be applied as a floated coat to a thickness of 5 to 6 mm. Tiles shall be firmly
pressed into position within the stated working time of the adhesive.

Tiles and fittings shall be set in adhesive to true vertical face with continuous horizontal and
vertical joints. Joints shall be straight, level, perpendicular and of even width not exceeding
1.5 mm. The vertical joints shall be maintained plumb for the entire true level and plane by
uniformly applied pressure under a straight edge of a rubber faced block. Misfits as well as
damaged or defective tiles shall be removed and replaced at the Contractor's own expense.

Special tile fittings shall be located as shown on detail drawings and as directed by the
Engineer.

Bedding shall be allowed to set before grouting to avoid disturbance to tiles. Grout shall be
applied in matching colour according to manufacturer's written instructions and worked in
until joints are thoroughly filled flush with the finished face of joint. Surplus grout shall be
removed with a damp cloth and joints tooled to a smooth finish. Acid resistant tiles shall be
grouted with a suitable acid resistant grout to the Engineer's approval.

Immediately after the grouting has set, tiled surface shall be given a protective coat of non-
corrosive soap or other approved method of protection and joints shall be cured for 72
hours.

Wall tiling operations shall not be started until the floor tiling in the same area has been
completed.
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 47. Glazed Wall Tiles - Fixing with Cement:Sand Mortar

Wall tiling shall be carried out in compliance with BS 5385: Part 1: 1976 for Internal work
and BS 5385: Part 2: 1976 for External work and/or BS 8000: 11.1: 1989, as applicable and as
directed by the Engineer.

Cement and sand mortar (1:4) ten (10) mm. thick shall be laid as base for wall tiling. The
surface of the mortar so laid shall be scratched in an approved manner when nearly set, to
form key and shall be cured for five (5) days before tiling starts. The surface shall be well
wetted before the actual tiling operation is commenced.

Tiles and fittings shall be set in cement and sand mortar (1:4) mix, 6 mm. thick to a true
vertical face with continuous horizontal and vertical joints. Joints shall be straight, level,
perpendicular and of even width not exceeding 1.5 mm. The vertical joints shall be
maintained plumb for the entire true level and plane by uniformly applied pressure under a
straight edge of a rubber-faced block. Misfits as well as damaged or defective tiles shall be
removed and replaced by and at the Contractor's expense.

The external and internal angles and side edges of glazed wall tiling shall be formed with
angle beads whereas top edges of tiles, shall be formed with rounded edge tiles. Joints shall
match the general tiling and special fittings shall be used.

Joints in glazed wall tiles and fittings, after the edges of tiles have been thoroughly wet, shall
be grouted with a plastic mix of neat white or coloured cement immediately after a suitable
area of tile has been laid.

The joints shall be tooled slightly concave and the excess mortar shall be cut off and wiped
off with a damp cloth from the face of tile, before it sets hard. Interstices or depressions
found in the mortar joints after the grout has been cleaned from the surface shall be
roughened at once and filled to the spring line of the cushion edge before the mortar begins
to harden.

Immediately after the grout has had its initial set glazed wall tile surfaces shall be given a
protective coat of a non corrosive soap or other approved method of protection and joints
cured for 72 hours.

Wall tiles operations in spaces requiring floor tiles shall not be started until the floor tiles
installation had been completed.

48. Marble or Granite Slabs

Marble or granite floor slabs shall be laid on a bed of cement:sand mortar 1:3 mix. The back
of the slab shall be properly sealed to ensure good bonding between the slab and mortar.
All slabs shall be tight butt jointed. Joints shall be thoroughly grouted with matching
coloured cement and wiped clean before setting hard.

All exposed faces and edges of marble or granite shall be polished smooth free from
scratches or other defects.

Marble or Granite wall cladding shall be fixed in accordance with BS 8298:1989 and/or BS
8000: Section 11-2:1990 as applicable and as directed by the Engineer. Cladding shall be
fixed to solid background by mechanical means such as cramps, dowels and similar fixings in
accordance with the working drawings. The cladding shall be supported at its lower edge
and securely tied back at the top. The thickness of the material behind the cramp should be
20 mm. The fixing cramps shall be adequately inset in to the supporting background,
preferably with undercut holes and secured in place with 1:3 cement/sand or
epoxy/polyester resin mortar dabs. The back surface of the cladding shall be coated with an
approved quality sealant.

Cladding shall be butt jointed with maximum 3 mm gaps.

The length and height dimensions of individual slabs shall be worked to within plus or minus
1 mm from those specified. Thickness shall be within 3 mm from that specified. For wall
cladding, all block work, concrete or other backing must be formed so as to allow a
minimum of 20 mm clearance between the backing and the back of the cladding.

Cramp holes and mortises shall be carefully drilled or cut to avoid stunning or fracture of the
material adjacent to the hole or mortise.

The Contractor shall be responsible for providing and fixing protection against weather or
damage and staining by other trades. Particular care must be taken against staining from
timber, oil, wet straw, washings from steel work or scaffolding or from any other injurious
substances. On completion of adjacent building operations the completed marble work shall
be cleaned down and any defects in the pointing and polishing shall be rectified.

The Contractor shall prepare fully dimensioned shop drawings from details shown on
working drawings supplied by the Engineer and from site survey. Key numbers of each slab
shall be shown, together with details of metal anchorages. No marble or granite shall be
worked until these drawings are approved by the Engineer.

49. Glass Mosaic Tiles

Glass mosaic tiles shall be of first quality tiles, 4 mm thick with bevelled edge finish, overall
size 20 mm x 20 mm on paper sheets or netting, from OPIOCOLOR (France) or BIZZAZA
(Italy) or equal and approved.

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Tiles shall be fixed with thin bed adhesive using approved waterproof cement based
adhesive from an approved manufacturer and shall comply with the performance
requirements of BS 5385: Part 3: 1989. The Contractor shall ensure that the base to receive
tiles shall be cement sand mortar bed/render of not more than 20 mm thickness. The base
shall be clean, level and dry without loose or friable areas and surface dust.

Cement-based adhesive shall be prepared and used in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations to form a bed not more than 5 mm thick with even joints not more than 3
mm wide. Joints shall be continuous both horizontally and vertically.

Tiles shall be laid dry and tamped well down into the adhesive to ensure a proper bond and
a level surface.

Grout pointing material shall be as recommended by the tile manufacturer or tinted cement
to match the tiles, as approved by the Engineer and shall be applied when adhesive has has
set sufficiently firm to prevent disturbance of the tiles. Surplus grout shall be cleaned off
from faces of tiles.

Movement joints shall not be less than 6 mm wide where shown or as recommended by the
tile manufacturer. Movement joints shall be carried through to the full depth of tile and
bedding, partially filled with filling strip and finished flush with sealant to manufacturer's
recommendations.

Where tiling abuts against wood or metal frames or the tiling at angles and around pipes,
etc.. it shall be carefully cut and fitted to form a close, neat joint. Open, irregular joints filled
with cement and sand or plaster will not be permitted.

50. Timber Flooring

Timber flooring shall be similar to resilient hardwood flooring system of Atikinson & Kirby
Ltd. (UK) or equal and approved.

The system shall consisting of the following:-

- 1000 guage polythene sheet.

- Resilient rubber pads overall size 74 mm x 10 mm at 300 c/c.
- 50 x 75 softwood battens laid on rubber pads, 1800 long with 80 mm over lapping.
- Hardwood/rock hard maple strip flooring, secret nailed, tongued and grooved.
- Gap at perimeter 12-24 mm for curing.
- Ronaseal finish on surface/or Oleo-resinous sealer such as bourne seal.
- 1.5 mm expansion gap every 7th flooring board.

The top timber layer finish shall be to the approval of the Engineer.

The Contractor shall provide detailed shop drawings along with samples of the materials
and product data sheets before ordering the materials for the approval of the Engineer.
The concrete surface on which the flooring is to be laid shall be prepared as recommended
by the hardwood flooring manufacturerer to provide the permissible tolerance and surface
finish.

Flooring shall be prepared and laid strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s written
instructions and to the approval of the Engineer.

51. Demountable Partitions

Demountable partitions shall be of proprietary make similar to type “Omega 100” of

Chicago metallic or equal and approved.
Demountable partitions shall be 100 mm thick, consisting of vertical galvanized steel Z-
profiles placed in natural anodized aluminium rails at floor and ceiling, finished on both
sides with 13 mm plaster boards covered with vinyl wall covering in approved colour and
texture, connected with natural anodized aluminium profiles and snap on cover fillets.

Partitions shall be insulated with 50 mm thick mineral fiber. Fire rating shall be 60 minutes
as per BS 476.

Doors shall be 45 mm thick solid core laminated finished flush doors with hardwood lipping
at edges and intumescent strips. Doors shall be hung on aluminium hinges and supplied with
stainless steel lever handles and steel locks or latches.

Glazed panels shall be provided as detailed on drawings in single clear glass.

All partitions shall be assembled and erected as detailed on drawings and as per
manufacturer's instructions and to the approval of the Engineer.

SUSPENDED CEILINGS

52. Scope

These specifications cover suspended ceilings and other proprietary finishing systems to be
incorporated in the Works.

53. General

The Contractor shall perform all attendance upon other trades and protect all works
specified under this section from damage during subsequent operations, make good any
defects, clear away upon completion, clean throughout and leave all work in perfect
condition to the approval of the Engineer.
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All materials and manufactured items shall be delivered in their original packages,
containers, etc. bearing the name of the manufacturer and the brand. All items shall be
carefully loaded, transported, unloaded and stored in an approved manner, protected from
damage and exposure to weather or dampness during transit and after delivery to site.
Damaged items shall be rejected.

The Contractor shall supply shop drawings to the Engineer prior to commencing the work
for his approval and the Contractor shall modify or amend such drawings as directed by the
Engineer. Such modifications, amendments and approval by the Engineer of shop drawings
shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for the design and sufficiency of those
works.

54. Gypsum Board Suspended Ceiling (C3)

Gypsum board suspended ceiling system shall be installed as detailed on the drawings to the
approval of the Engineer.

Gypsum board suspended ceiling system shall be manufactured and installed as detailed on
the drawings by an approved sub-Contractor who has successfully engaged himself in similar
works for at least 7 years.

Plaster board ceiling shall comprise of 12.7 mm thick layer of approved proprietary plaster
boards screw fastened to approved support framing at 600 mm centres both ways. Joints
shall be sealed with vinyl based cement and perforated paper type and all caulkings shall be
with vermiculite plaster (1½ parts exfoliated vermiculite to 1 part plaster). The suspension
system shall be designed to suit the layout, spans, and the design loads and all
substantiating design calculations and details shall be submitted to the Engineer for his
approval. Approval accorded by the Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of his
obligations to provide a safe and aesthetic ceiling.

Plaster boards shall be manufactured with gypsum plaster complying to BS 1191, Class A
Plaster of Paris using necessary reinforcements fibers, hardeners and additives.

The suspended ceiling shall be provided with mouldings at all edges, corners, etc., to
achieve the desired effect as detailed on the drawings and to the approval of the Engineer.

Fibrous gypsum suspended ceiling mouldings cornices, etc. shall be formed using the
approved design mix with all constituent materials being gauged, batched or weighed
accurately. Moulds shall be dimensionally and geometrically accurate and release
agents/waxes that will allow a clean release of the casting without adversely affecting the
component surfaces shall be used. The moulding and castings shall include all necessary
fixing holes, brackets, etc. Mouldings and coatings shall be individually inspected for any
surface blemishes shall be rectified in an approved manner.
The components shall be true in shape and free from cup and bow. The dimensional
accuracy shall be + or - 2 mm per m and the horizontal plane deviation shall not exceed
0.3% of the component length. The squareness of rectangular components shall be such
that the difference between the diagonals shall not exceed 0.5% of the shorter diagonal.

The formed components shall be asbestos free, antistatic and shall have a density not
exceeding 1500 kg/m3, be unaffected by ultra violet light and not support fungoid attack.
Their thermal conductivity (k) value shall not be greater than 0.375 W/m2/deg C and shall
have a thermal coefficient of expansion not exceeding 14.94 x 10-6 mm/deg. C. They shall
not absorb moisture present in internal locations through excessive humidity.

Components shall have an ultimate tensile strength of not less than 8.27 N/mm2.

Component thickness shall be as recommended by the manufacturer or as directed by the

Engineer.

The contractor shall form necessary opening for various services including any access panels
as required and finish them appropriately to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

The Contractor shall prepare detailed shop drawings after verifying the dimensions at site,
of the components and fixings and submit them for the approval of the Engineer prior to
casting. The shop drawings shall also detail the various suspension materials and the
methods of fixing the casting along with his proposed method of erecting each compact.
The Contractor shall prepare for the Engineers approval samples of the various mouldings
cornices and decoration works.

The Contractor shall protect all Gypsum works from damage until the completion of the
Works. Should any damages be caused it shall be made good to the satisfaction of the
Engineer at the Contractors expense. All inlaid materials, mirrors, air conditioning grilles and
the like shall be cleaned and left in perfect condition.

55. Calcium Silicate Board Suspended Ceiling (C4)

Calcium silicate board suspended ceiling system shall be installed as detailed on the
drawings to the approval of the Engineer.

Calcium board ceiling shall comprise of 6 mm thick boards screw fastened to approved
support framing/suspension system at 600 mm centres both ways. Joints shall be sealed
scrimmed and taped to provide a jointless ceiling. The suspension system shall be designed
to suit the layout, spans, and the design loads and all substantiating design calculations and
details shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval. Approval accorded by the
Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of his obligations to provide a safe and aesthetic
ceiling.
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Calcium silicate non-combustible boards shall be produced from a laminar board consisting
of a calcium silicate matrix reinforced with vermiculite and natural organic fibres. It shall not
contain any asbestos or other inorganic materials. The board shall be semi-compressed and
cured in a high pressure autoclave to provide a high degree of dimensional and chemical
stability.
The contractor shall form necessary opening for various services including any access panels
as required and finish them appropriately to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

The Contractor shall submit detailed shop drawings after verifying the dimensions at site
and coordinating with all other connected works.

56. Calcium Silicate Suspended Ceiling (C-5)

Calcium silicate suspended ceiling shall consist of 600 x 600 x 6 mm thick calcium silicate
plain painting grade tiles laid in to a proprietary exposed grid metal suspension system with
matching edge trims as indicated on drawings.

Calcium silicate non-combustible boards shall be produced from a laminar board consisting
of a calcium silicate matrix reinforced with vermiculite and natural organic fibres. It shall not
contain any asbestos or other inorganic materials. The board shall be semi- compressed and
cured in a high pressure autoclave to provide a high degree of dimensional and chemical
stability. The calcium silicate tiles shall be vinyl faced factory finished and of pattern
approved by the Engineer.

The suspended ceiling including the suspension system shall be installed strictly accordance
with the manufacturer’s written instructions and to the approval of the Engineer.

57. Mineral Fibre Tile Suspended Ceiling (C6)

Mineral fibre ceiling tiles shall be 600 x 600 x 18 mm thick with a face pattern as shown on
drawings or as directed by the Engineer and laid into a pre-decorated, proprietary
galvanized steel suspension system with suspenders, main bars, carrying channels, cross
channels, splicer bars, connecting clips, anchors, matching edge trims, etc., fixed and spaced
strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and/or as directed by the
Engineer providing 100% easy access.

The tiles shall be painted with emulsion paint to an approved colour.

58. Aluminium Tiles Suspended Ceiling (C7)

Aluminium ceiling tiles shall be 600 x 600 mm plain tiles manufactured from 0.7 mm thick
aluminium sheets and shall be factory finished with baked enamel paint to a colour shown
on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The ceiling shall be fire rated to class 1,
when tested in accordance with BS 476: Part 7: 1987 surface spread of flame and classified
as Class 0 in accordance with BS 476: Part 6: 1989 fire propagation.

The tiles shall be fixed direct to a cold rolled galvanized sheet clip-in runner coupler, in a clip
in runner, suspended by a proprietary suspension system comprising galvanized rigid
tension spring hangers, runner and wall brackets, matching perimeter trims with hold down
clips, etc., fixed and spaced strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
and/or as directed by the Engineer.

The suspended ceiling system shall be from a manufacturer with a proven record of at least
5 years and to the approval of the Engineer.

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 14. PAINTING AND DECORATING

Scope

This specification covers paint work to exposed concrete and plastered/rendered surfaces,
wood work, gypsum and other ceilings, ferrous and non-ferrous surfaces in accordance with
the Schedule of Finishes, Drawings, Bills of Quantities and as directed in writing by the
Consulting Engineer.

The term "Paint" as used herein includes emulsions, enamels, lacquers, sealers, varnishes
and other coatings, organic or inorganic, whether used as prime, intermediate or finish
coats. All painting works shall be applied by skilled workmen experienced in this work.

14.1.1 MATERIALS

Materials in General

The materials to be used, shall be of the best quality and of approved types, obtained from
an approved manufacturer thoroughly mixed and ground.

Paint shall show easy brushing, good flowing, spreading and leveling properties. These
properties shall be demonstrated on test specimens at the request of the Engineer. Coats
that have any noticeable pull under a large brush and that show poor spreading and flowing
properties will not be acceptable.

Paint shall dry to a uniform, smooth, flat or semi-gloss finish under ordinary conditions of
illumination and wearing. There shall be no laps, skips, high-lighted spot or brush marks and
no evidence of cracking, chipping or flaking. Tinted paints shall dry to a uniform colour.

Re-coating of a previous painted surface shall produce no lighting, softening or other film
irregularities.Paint during and after application shall not be abnormally pungent, offensive
or disagreeable.

The colour of the paint shall match the approved sample.

Knotting

Knotting shall be composed of dissolved shellac or other resin which remains unaffected by
the resinous materials in the wood or the following paint coating, thereby preventing the
resinous materials in the timber leaching into the paint film and causing discolouration or
defective drying and shall be in accordance with BS 1336 latest edition.
Fillers

Fillers Shall be "Polyfilla", "Alabastine" or approved equal.

Stopping

Stopping Shall be hard stopping composed of white lead paste, gold size (oleo resinous
medium) and other fillers obtained from an approved supplier.

Putty Filler

Putty filler Shall be a ready mix acrylic co-polymer based filter obtained from an approved
supplier.

Thinners

Thinners shall be as recommended by the paint manufacturer. Where the paints are
specified to be water thinned, fresh water shall be used.

Pigments

Pigments shall be pure tint colours that will easily dissolve and mix with the various coatings
and shall conform to the requirements of the relevant BS suitable for the type of paint to
the approval of the Engineer. In general external coatings shall have inorganic or natural
pigments suitable for exterior use.

Rust Inhibitor

Shall be of approved make subject to approval of the Consulting Engineer.

Primers

Primers applied to surfaces of different materials shall be as follows:

Interior or exterior - Alkali resistant primer recommended by the

surfaces plastered manufacturer of the finishing paint

Ferrous surfaces- Alkyd based primer

containing zinc phosphate
min 40 µ Dft or epoxy primer.

Non-Ferrous surfaces- Rust inhibiting primer.

Woodwork surfaces- Leadless grey primer in accordance to BS 5082:1986

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Undercoating Paints

For exterior or interior shall be as follows:

- White lead based undercoating in accordance with BS 4310: 1979. Colours shall be similar
to the finishing paint.

- Other undercoating paints to be applied as recommended by the manufacturers of the

finishing paint.

Finishing Paints

Interior rendered/concrete surfaces- Approved Acrylic copolymer based, highly

washable emulsion paint.

Interior rendered/concrete surfaces- Approved decorative lead free, non yellowing

synthetic enamel paint, matt finish.
Interior concrete/rendered surfaces- Approved Acrylic resin based paint.

Interior concrete surfaces of water- Approved two component non-toxic epoxy paint
tank to DFT 300 micron.

Calcium silicate board surfaces- Approved Acrylic copolymer based, highly

washable emulsion paint.

Mineral fibre- Approved Acrylic copolymer based, highly

washable emulsion paint.

Exterior concrete/rendered surfaces- Approved 4 coats full epoxy tile system paint.

Interior or exterior ferrous and non- Chlorinated rubber paint in interior or exterior
ferrous surfaces grade epoxy paint.

Interior woodwork surface- Oil paint semi-gloss finish from an approved

other than hardwood manufacturer.

14.1.2 WORKMANSHIP

General

The Contractor shall submit to the Consulting Engineer for approval the brand and quality of
the paints he proposes to use. If approval is given to a brand of paint the Contractor shall
use the primers, undercoats etc.. manufactured or recommended by the manufacturers of
that brand.All paints to be used under this Contract shall be delivered and stored on the Site
in sealed, labeled containers, a minimum of 30 days prior to application. Upon notification
by the Contractor that the material is at the site, samples of each material shall be obtained
at random from sealed container by the Engineer in the presence of an authorized
representative of the Contractor. Samples shall be clearly identified by commercial name,
type of paint and intended use. If judged necessary by the Engineer the paint samples may
be tested in a laboratory designated by the Engineer at the Contractor's expense.

Complete colour charts for the paints to be used shall be submitted to the Engineer for
approval.

Pigmented paints shall be furnished in containers not larger than 25 kgs. All paints shall be
products that have a minimum of 2 years satisfactory field service.

Mixing and application of paint shall be in accordance with the specifications of the
manufacturers concerned and to the approval of the Engineer.

The mixing of paints etc.. of different brands before or during application will not be
permitted. No dilution of painting materials shall be allowed except strictly as detailed by
the manufacturers and as approved by the Engineer.

Ironmongery and accessories, machine surfaces, plates, lighting fixtures and similar items in
place prior to cleaning and painting, which are not intended to be painted, shall be removed
or protected prior to painting operations and repositioned upon completion of painting
work as directed by the Engineer.

Equipment adjacent or against walls shall be disconnected by workmen skilled in these

trades and moved to permit the wall surfaces to be painted, and following completion of
painting shall be replaced and reconnected.

Cleaning solvents shall be of low toxicity. Cleaning and painting shall be so programmed that
dust and other contaminates from the cleaning process will not fall on wet or newly painted
surfaces.

Brushes, pails, kettles, etc.. used in carrying out the work shall be clean and free from
foreign matter. They shall be thoroughly cleaned before being used for different types or
classes of material.

No exterior or exposed painting shall be carried out under adverse weather conditions such
as rain, extreme humidity, dust storms, etc.

Painting work shall be shaded from direct sun light to avoid blistering and wrinkling.
Wherever possible, painting of exterior surfaces shall follow the sun so that it is carried out
in shadow.
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Edges, corners, crevices, welds and rivets shall receive special attention to insure that they
receive an adequate thickness of paint.
All cracks and holes shall be cut out properly square and made good with suitable filler or
cement sand mix as appropriate, such repaired portions being allowed to dry out and sand-
paper smooth.

Painting Work shall comply with BS 6150: 1982.

Emulsion or Enamel Paint

Rendered surfaces shall be allowed to dry out completely before carrying out painting
operation. Plaster applied in the winter season shall be at least ten weeks old and that
applied in the summer shall be at least five weeks old before commencing painting
operations.

Preparation of surfaces shall consist of vigorous brushing and rubbing down to remove loose
surface material and dust.

Surfaces shall then be left for a week to determine whether efflorescence reappears in
which case it shall be brushed off dry and a further waiting period of one week allowed.

Alternatively, the surfaces may be neutralized by brushing on a solution of 3 percent

phosphoric acid and 2 percent zinc chloride and removing all loose particles after drying. No
painting shall be carried out until the Engineer is satisfied that no efflorescence is occurring.

Where required by the Engineer one or two coats of "alkali- resistant" primer shall be
applied, sufficiently thinned to penetrate the surface.

All rendered and concrete surfaces shall be twice stopped with approved putty filler. The
first coat of stopping shall be applied after the primer coat dries out completely and the
second coatafter the first undercoat application. Each coat of stopping shall be allowed to
dry and harden thoroughly and shall then be rubbed by sandpaper until a smooth surface is
achieved.

A minimum of two (2) approved undercoats recommended by the manufacturers of

finishing coat shall be applied by brushing well into the surface. Each coat shall be allowed
to dry and harden thoroughly before the next coat is applied.

The finishing coat of paint shall be applied after the completion and testing of the
mechanical and electrical works.

Ferrous Surfaces

Surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned to remove grease and dirt, wire brushed and scraped
to remove scale and rust. One coat of approved putty shall be applied on the surfaces and
left to dry for at least twenty four (24) hours. Surfaces shall then be rubbed by sandpaper or
other approved means before primer is applied.

One coat of rust inhibiting "Galvafroid" primer or other approved equal shall be applied by
brushing well into the surface and shall be allowed to dry and harden thoroughly before the
application of subsequent coats.

If ferrous works are delivered primed, the surfaces shall be examined to ascertain that the
primer coat is hard. If not satisfactory the primer coat shall be removed and the surfaces
cleaned to remove grease and dirt and re-primed as described above. Abraded spots on
shop-coated surfaces shall be wire-brushed and touched up with same material as the
shopcoat.

The under-coat and finishing coat shall be chlorinated rubber paint, interior or exterior
grades and used all in accordance with the directions of the approved manufacturer.
Chlorinated rubber paint, interior or exterior grades, shall not be applied in damp, foggy or
freezing weather or to any surface which is not perfectly dry.

Brush application is recommended although this material may be sprayed if desired, only
special thinners produced by the approved manufacturer may be added to achieve the
spraying consistency required.

Special approved thinners may be used for cleaning brushes after use.

Ferrous works such as frames, covers to expansion joints, etc.. which are to be built into
walls shall be primed before installation.

Painting of Ferrous surfaces shall comply with BS 5493: 1977.

Non-Ferrous Surfaces

Galvanized steel and non-ferrous metal surfaces to be painted shall be solvent cleaned or
painted with mordant solution before the application of paints as described above for
ferrous surfaces.

Wood Surfaces

Wood surfaces where specified to be painted shall be primed, undercoated twice and final
coated with semi-gloss enamel paint of approved manufacture.

Wood surfaces shall be rubbed with abrasive paper to obtain a smooth surface. Surface
mould where present shall be removed by washing, rubbing down and burning off as
necessary. Oily wood shall be swabbed with white spirit. Resinous exudation and large knots
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shall be removed and replaced by approved filler or knot sealer and the surface shall be
primed.

Parts of wood to be enclosed in walls shall be primed unless already impregnated with
creosote or other preservative. Priming shall be brushed on and a minimum of two coats
applied to end grain. After the primer coat is hard, all cracks, holes, open joints etc.. shall be
made good with hard stopping and rubbed with fine abrasive paper. If the first process of
stopping is found to be unsatisfactory it shall be repeated after the first undercoating is
applied and well dried.

Priming of joinery shall be applied only on the Site after the Engineer has approved such
joinery and before it is fixed. The two undercoat paints shall be applied on wood doors,
panels, etc.. before they are fixed, to ensure that the bottom and top edge and sides are
thoroughly painted. The finishing coat of paint to such wood doors, panels, etc.. shall be
applied after fixing in position and as directed by the Engineer.

Wood surfaces specified as stained shall only be rubbed down with fine abrasive paper and
two coats of oil stain Ducco sprayed to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Wood surfaces specified as varnished shall be thoroughly cleaned down of all dirt, oil,
grease, etc.. and rubbed to a smooth finish. Knots shall be treated with knotting and 2 coats
of approved oil varnish applied.

Floor Epoxy Paint

Floor epoxy paint shall comprise of four coats as under:

First Coat : 2 pack high performance epoxy resin based primer.

Base Coat : 2 pack high performance epoxy resin based textured base coat.

Top Coat : 2 coats of 2 pack first grade polyurethane finishing top coat.

The surface preparation, application rates and methods of application shall be strictly in
accordance with the written instructions of the manufacturer.

The colour and texture shall be as indicated on drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
 15. DRAINAGE
15.1.1 GENERAL

A. Install PVC pipes and fittings according to CISPI latest edition of PVC soil pipe and
fittings hand book.

B. Soil and waste stacks shall be carried up 250mm above roof level and in any case
not less than 915 mm above the head of any window within a horizontal distance
of 3 m form the pipe and shall be provided with wire vent caps.

C. Main branch ventilating pipes shall run above spill-over level of fittings except
where shown, and if connected to main soil, soil-waste or waste pipes, the
connections shall be at a point above spill-over level of the highest fitting
connected to the main soil, soil-waste pipe.

D. Single Stack (i.e. Unventilated One-Pipe) Systems shall have branch pipes fixed
accurately and to the correct gradients and heights. The connection to the main
soil-waste pipes shall be made by means of approved fittings fixed accurately.

E. Pipe work shall be installed to the routes and diameters indicated on the
drawings and where exposed shall run in parallel lines when grouped together to
obtain a neat and satisfactory appearance.

F. Open ends of pipe work left during the progress of work shall be blanked off with
a temporary plug or cap to prevent the entry of any foreign matter.

G. Make changes in direction for drainage and vent piping using appropriate Y -
branches. Use long turn double - Y branch and 1/8 - bend fittings where 2 fixtures
are installed back to back or side by side and have a common drain. Where
different sizes of drainage pipes and fillings are connected use standards increases
and reducers.

H. Branches on waste and soil pipe work must be swept in with the direction of
flow.

I. Pipes shall be spaced in ducts in a manner which will permit subsequent access to
any pipe for maintenance or removal without disturbance to the remaining pipes.

J. Long radius bends shall be provided at the connection of all soil and rain water
stacks to the underground drain, with an access pipe above floor level.

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15.1.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPE INSTALLATION

A. All pipes shall be installed in straight parallel lines.

B. Pipes shall be spaced to permit their installation, maintenance and insulation.

C. Concealed pipes shall be installed in such a way as to permit their maintenance

and inspection.

D. All pipes shall be so installed as to ensure easy and even flow of the water to
and from all equipment and fixtures.

E. Pipelines shall be installed in a manner to allow for easy air escape and system
draining. It shall be endeavored to obtain this naturally by gravity.

F. However, where this cannot be met, provision should be made to ensure quick
and positive drainage and noiseless air discharge.

G. Drain pipes shall be joined together in a manner satisfying perfect running

condition.

H. Vent pipes shall not be trapped and shall be graded to drip back to waste or soil
line.

I. All vents for waste and soil stacks shall extend above the highest point of the roof
and shall be equipped with a vent head and cap as specified.

J. Free discharge outlets of rain water drains shall be done in 45° or 90°
combination of bends as found necessary by the Engineer.

K. Sleeves shall be supplied and installed wherever pipes cross slabs, walls,
partitions, etc.

L. Connection of plastic underground pipes to manholes shall be made by means of

a suitable manhole lining to ensure adequate bonding to the concrete.

M. Cleanouts shall be placed at all changes in direction whether shown on the

drawings or not.

N. In case of welding work to be done in proximity of plastic pipes, special care

shall be taken to avoid damaging the pipes.

15.1.3 MANHOLES

All manholes shall be constructed as per approved drawings subject to the approval
of the Consulting Engineer.
15.1.4 SEWAGE DISPOSAL TANK

Construct Sewage Disposal Tank as per approved drawings to the approval of the
Consulting Engineer.

15.1.5 SANITARY FIXTURES

All sanitary fixtures and fittings shall be of approved make subject to the approval of
the Consulting Engineer. The Contractor is required to submit samples/ catalogues
for approval to the Consulting Engineer prior to any purchase.

15.1.6 TESTING

A. On completion of the soil and waste pipe works or section of the work as may be
required the contractor shall arrange the testing of the works and witnessing of the
tests.

B. The tests shall comprise an air test as set out in the Uniform Plumbing Code, and
described below.

C. Where the testing is to be carried out in sections the contractor shall retain on site
a drawing indicating sections tested and recording dates on which the tests took
place duly witnessed.

D. The contractor shall be responsible for providing all skilled and unskilled labor
necessary to carry out tests and ensure that all supplies and instruments are
available.

E. Water Test

1. Apply the water tests to every part of each drainage system. Test each system in
its entirety or in sections. Tightly close openings in the piping.

2. If testing the system in sections, tightly plug each opening, except the highest
opening of the section being tested, and fill each section with water. Test every
section with a head of water equivalent to the greatest floor-to-floor distance
between floors with a minimum of at least a 3M head of water.

3. Keep the water in the system, or in the portion under test, for at least 15 minutes
before inspection starts.

4. There shall be no leakage.

F. Correct defects detected by any test and retest

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 16. ELECTRICAL WORKS

16.1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Supply and install equipment required connecting to earth all electrical equipment and
installations in compliance with the relevant clauses of the I.E.C Regulations, BS
Standards, French standard NFC 15-100 or any other internationally recognized
standards and Local Bye-Laws and/or Regulations.

16.1.2 EQUIPMENT CAPACITIES & SERVICE

Capacities given in the Specifications, Schedules or shown on the drawings are the
minimum acceptable capacities; the Contractor shall select, install or construct all
equipment and systems to meet at least these values.

All equipment shall be suitable for operation under the severest conditions to be
expected for the Project.
No extra payments shall be given to the Contractor as a result of selection, installation
or construction of equipment and systems having capacities or sizes in excess to the
specified requirements.

16.1.3 CABLES

Unless otherwise indicated, wires, cables and feeders are to have copper conductors and
manufactured to IEC502. Cable and wire conductors are to be stranded for sections
4mm² and above.

Current carrying capacities of conductors have been determined in accordance with the
regulations for the specified type of installation and expected conditions of installation.

Installation of each conductor is to be color-coded. Contractor has to maintain coding

throughout the installation.

Branch circuit work originating from lighting panel-boards is to be arranged as shown on

the drawings. Loads on phases of panel-board feeder are to be balanced.

Final circuit wiring is to be run inside conduits. DC wiring is to be run in separate conduits
from AC wiring.

Feeders to panel-boards are to be either single conductor wires pulled inside heavy
gauge rigid PVC conduits or multi-core cables run on cable trays under ceiling or cable
 ladders in shafts or in duct bank in ground. Cables buried directly in the ground are to be
armoured.

Low current systems cables are to run inside heavy gauge rigid PVC conduits.

16.1.4 EARTHING

Each earth consists of one or more earth pits, connected in parallel, providing an
earthing connection point with low resistance to the general mass of the earth. The 2
earths are to be bonded.

Non current-carrying metal parts such as metal conduits, raceways, outlet boxes,
cabinets enclosure doors, etc., must be earthed.

Materials used for earthing are to be copper or approved copper alloys specially
manufactured for the purpose. Electrical continuity is to be of durable construction
providing an independent fault current return path of low resistance to the site earth.

Conductor size should be in accordance with the Regulations and in no case less than 2.5
mm². Overall resistance between any point on the earthing installation and the site earth
is to be less than 5 ohms.

Test links are to be provided at accessible/visible positions.

Water mains pipe, on street side, is to be connected to site earth.

Interconnecting cable between various earth pits is to be bare copper stranded cable, 70
mm² buried 700 mm below ground and at least 700 mm from concrete structure.

Equipment earthing conductor size to be cross-section half that of main supply phase
conductors for sections greater than 16 mm².

Cross-sections of supply phase conductors less or equal than 16 mm² shall have equal
earth conductor size cross section.

Earth pit is to contain one directly driven 2.5 m rod with cable conductor on top.

Earth rod is to be of high strength steel alloy core with molten welded copper covering,
diameter 19 mm.

Permanent earthing connections are to be made by the exothermic welding process.

The series earthing of one piece of equipment to another in which the part to be
grounded forms part of the connections will not be permitted. All equipment earthing
connections shall be tapped from the applicable earth source.

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 Earth sub-circuit, sub feeder and feeder shall have a separate earthing wire running with
it and size as shown on drawings.

Contractor shall submit a proposal for the earth pit location and installation, for the
approval of the Consulting Engineer.

16.1.5 CONDUITS

Unless otherwise indicated, all lighting and power circuits, communications and low
current systems wiring are to be drawn inside conduits or wireways up to the various
electric power consuming equipment.

Separate conduits and wireways are to be used for normal lighting and power circuits,
communication and other low current systems wiring.

Junction and pull boxes of ample capacity are to be provided as required. Boxes are to
remain permanently accessible.

Minimum size of conduit for Power Installations is to be 16mm (internal diameter),

unless otherwise indicated.

Minimum size of conduit for Low Current Installations is to be 23mm (internal diameter),
unless otherwise indicated.

Rigid heavy gauge UPVC flame retardant conduits are to be used for all power, lighting
and low current surface mounted electrical installations indoor and in ground electrical
installations outdoor.

Flexible conduit of same material as corresponding conduit is to be used for connection

to motors and to fixtures installed in false ceilings.

Cable and conduit fixing devices are to be metallic.

Metallic cable trays are to be used for main power feeders

16.1.6 ACCESSORIES

Supply and install electrical fittings including switches, sockets, etc., together with
matching outlet boxes and plates and connect to power supply as shown on the
drawings. All devices are to be standard manufactured items, uniform and modular
subject to approval of the Consulting Engineer.

16.1.7 LIGHTING FIXTURES

 All lighting fixtures shall be of approved make and LED subject to approval of the
Consulting Engineer.

16.1.8 WORKMANSHIP

All fittings are to be visually inspected for fixing, workmanship and operation to the
satisfaction of the Consulting Engineer. All works must be performed as per acceptable
recognized standards.

16.1.9 GUARANTEE

The Contractor shall guarantee all his works for a period of one year beginning after the
issuing of the Completion Certificate of all the works specified herein. The guarantee shall
cover all works, manpower, spare parts, replacements, etc., resulting from failure of
equipment, systems and accessories supplied by the Contractor. Guarantee shall apply
also for perfect operation of the system and equipment.

If during the guarantee period any equipment or material proves defective or any part of
system fails to function properly, equipment is to be replaced and defects and
malfunctions corrected as directed by the Engineer.

If during the guarantee period any piece of equipment is replaced or rebuilt, the
guarantee period for this equipment is to be extended for a new period equal to the
original guarantee period.

Spare parts for normal wear and tear are to be provided by the Employer.

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THE END OF TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS