Pre-final exam in Environmental Science
Name:
Course, year, and section:
1. What is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment called?
A. Biology
B. Ecology
C. Zoology
D. Botany
2. Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. Plants
B. Animals
C. Sunlight
D. Fungi
3. What term describes a group of the same species living in the same area?
A. Community
B. Ecosystem
C. Population
D. Habitat
4. Which of the following is an example of a primary consumer?
A. Wolf
B. Deer
C. Mushroom
D. Oak Tree
5. Which of these biomes is characterized by low precipitation and extreme temperatures?
A. Desert
B. Tundra
C. Rainforest
D. Grassland
6. What is biodiversity?
A. The study of ecosystems
B. The variety of life in the world
C. The interaction of organisms
D. The cycle of nutrients
7. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem?
A. Rabbit
B. Grass
C. Hawk
D. Fish
8. What process do plants use to convert sunlight into energy?
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Decomposition
D. Fermentation
9. What type of symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms?
A. Parasitism
B. Commensalism
C. Mutualism
D. Competition
10. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?
A. Water
B. Soil
C. The Sun
D. Wind
11. Which of the following best describes an omnivore?
A. Only eats plants
B. Only eats animals
C. Eats both plants and animals
D. Decomposes dead organisms
12. What term refers to the variety of ecosystems on Earth?
A. Genetic diversity
B. Species diversity
C. Ecological diversity
D. Habitat diversity
13. What is the main cause of biodiversity loss today?
A. Natural disasters
B. Overhunting
C. Habitat destruction
D. Genetic mutation
14. What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
A. Producing energy
B. Breaking down dead organisms
C. Pollinating plants
D. Controlling populations
15. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
A. Algae in a pond
B. Bees in a forest
C. Wolves in Yellowstone Park
D. Grass in a savanna
16. What do you call a species that is at risk of extinction?
A. Endangered species
B. Exotic species
C. Invasive species
D. Native species
17. Which of the following cycles involves the conversion of nitrogen in the atmosphere to a usable form?
A. Water cycle
B. Carbon cycle
C. Nitrogen cycle
D. Phosphorus cycle
18. Which ecosystem has the highest biodiversity?
A. Desert
B. Grassland
C. Tropical rainforest
D. Tundra
19. Which of the following is an invasive species?
A. Bald Eagle in North America
B. Cane Toad in Australia
C. Polar Bear in the Arctic
D. Koala in Australia
20. Which process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Nitrogen fixation
D. Evaporation
21. Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. Soil
B. Rocks
C. Bacteria
D. Water
22. What term describes the role or job of an organism in its ecosystem?
A. Habitat
B. Niche
C. Community
D. Population
23. Which of the following is an example of commensalism?
A. A bird nesting in a tree
B. Bees pollinating flowers
C. A tick feeding on a dog
D. Lions hunting zebras
24. What is the term for the variety of genetic traits within a population?
A. Genetic diversity
B. Species diversity
C. Ecosystem diversity
D. Habitat diversity
25. What is the term for an organism that feeds on the remains of dead animals?
A. Carnivore
B. Herbivore
C. Scavenger
D. Omnivore
26. Which level of the food chain typically has the most energy available?
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Tertiary consumers
27. Which of the following is an autotroph?
A. Eagle
B. Rabbit
C. Algae
D. Snake
28. What is a food web?
A. A linear sequence of energy transfer
B. A complex network of feeding relationships
C. A map of plant species in an area
D. A tool for hunting animals
29. What do invasive species often cause in ecosystems?
A. Increased biodiversity
B. Stability
C. Disruption and competition with native species
D. Climate change
30. Which of the following is an example of an ecological hotspot?
A. Sahara Desert
B. Amazon Rainforest
C. Arctic Tundra
D. Pacific Ocean
31. What is the main purpose of conservation biology?
A. To increase agricultural production
B. To preserve biodiversity and ecosystems
C. To study animal behavior
D. To protect human populations
32. Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource?
A. Solar energy
B. Fossil fuels
C. Wind energy
D. Water
33. What is an apex predator?
A. A producer in the food chain
B. A predator with no natural enemies
C. An organism that feeds on plants
D. A scavenger that eats dead animals
34. What type of organism breaks down organic material and recycles nutrients?
A. Producer
B. Consumer
C. Decomposer
D. Predator
35. What is ecological succession?
A. The movement of species from one area to another
B. The gradual change in species composition in an ecosystem
C. The extinction of species
D. The competition between species
36. Which of the following human activities contributes the most to deforestation?
A. Fishing
B. Urbanization
C. Agriculture
D. Mining
37. What is the role of a predator in an ecosystem?
A. To control the population of prey
B. To recycle nutrients
C. To produce food
D. To fix nitrogen
38. Which of the following is an example of an endangered species?
A. Bald eagle
B. Dodo bird
C. Amur leopard
D. House sparrow
39. What is the name of the process where water moves through the environment?
A. Carbon cycle
B. Nitrogen cycle
C. Water cycle
D. Phosphorus cycle
40. What is habitat fragmentation?
A. The destruction of ecosystems by natural disasters
B. The division of ecosystems into smaller, isolated sections
C. The complete loss of a species’ habitat
D. The replacement of native plants with invasive species
41. Which of these is a secondary consumer?
A. Grass
B. Rabbit
C. Snake
D. Hawk
42. What is the biggest threat to marine biodiversity?
A. Deforestation
B. Coral bleaching
C. Overfishing
D. Soil erosion
43. Which type of species plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem?
A. Keystone species
B. Invasive species
C. Endangered species
D. Exotic species
44. What is a biome?
A. A small habitat within an ecosystem
B. A large area characterized by specific climate and organisms
C. A group of interacting populations
D. A food chain within a forest
45. Which of the following contributes to global warming?
A. Reforestation
B. Renewable energy use
C. Greenhouse gas emissions
D. Habitat restoration
46. Which practice can help conserve biodiversity?
A. Overharvesting natural resources
B. Protecting wildlife habitats
C. Introducing invasive species
D. Expanding urban areas
47. Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species?
A. Moss
B. Oak tree
C. Rabbit
D. Wolf
48. What is a trophic level?
A. The position of an organism in a food chain
B. The size of an ecosystem
C. The diversity of a population
D. The number of species in a biome
49. What happens when the top predator in an ecosystem is removed?
A. Prey populations decline
B. Food webs collapse
C. Biodiversity increases
D. The ecosystem becomes balanced
50. What is a sustainable practice?
A. Using resources faster than they can regenerate
B. Overfishing marine life
C. Planting trees to restore forests
D. Polluting water sources
Answer key
1. What is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment called?
A. Biology
B. Ecology
C. Zoology
D. Botany
Answer: B
2. Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. Plants
B. Animals
C. Sunlight
D. Fungi
Answer: C
3. What term describes a group of the same species living in the same area?
A. Community
B. Ecosystem
C. Population
D. Habitat
Answer: C
4. Which of the following is an example of a primary consumer?
A. Wolf
B. Deer
C. Mushroom
D. Oak Tree
Answer: B
5. Which of these biomes is characterized by low precipitation and extreme temperatures?
A. Desert
B. Tundra
C. Rainforest
D. Grassland
Answer: A
6. What is biodiversity?
A. The study of ecosystems
B. The variety of life in the world
C. The interaction of organisms
D. The cycle of nutrients
Answer: B
7. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem?
A. Rabbit
B. Grass
C. Hawk
D. Fish
Answer: B
8. What process do plants use to convert sunlight into energy?
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Decomposition
D. Fermentation
Answer: B
9. What type of symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms?
A. Parasitism
B. Commensalism
C. Mutualism
D. Competition
Answer: C
10. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?
A. Water
B. Soil
C. The Sun
D. Wind
Answer: C
11. Which of the following best describes an omnivore?
A. Only eats plants
B. Only eats animals
C. Eats both plants and animals
D. Decomposes dead organisms
Answer: C
12. What term refers to the variety of ecosystems on Earth?
A. Genetic diversity
B. Species diversity
C. Ecological diversity
D. Habitat diversity
Answer: C
13. What is the main cause of biodiversity loss today?
A. Natural disasters
B. Overhunting
C. Habitat destruction
D. Genetic mutation
Answer: C
14. What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
A. Producing energy
B. Breaking down dead organisms
C. Pollinating plants
D. Controlling populations
Answer: B
15. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
A. Algae in a pond
B. Bees in a forest
C. Wolves in Yellowstone Park
D. Grass in a savanna
Answer: C
16. What do you call a species that is at risk of extinction?
A. Endangered species
B. Exotic species
C. Invasive species
D. Native species
Answer: A
17. Which of the following cycles involves the conversion of nitrogen in the atmosphere to a usable form?
A. Water cycle
B. Carbon cycle
C. Nitrogen cycle
D. Phosphorus cycle
Answer: C
18. Which ecosystem has the highest biodiversity?
A. Desert
B. Grassland
C. Tropical rainforest
D. Tundra
Answer: C
19. Which of the following is an invasive species?
A. Bald Eagle in North America
B. Cane Toad in Australia
C. Polar Bear in the Arctic
D. Koala in Australia
Answer: B
20. Which process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Nitrogen fixation
D. Evaporation
Answer: B
21. Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. Soil
B. Rocks
C. Bacteria
D. Water
Answer: C
22. What term describes the role or job of an organism in its ecosystem?
A. Habitat
B. Niche
C. Community
D. Population
Answer: B
23. Which of the following is an example of commensalism?
A. A bird nesting in a tree
B. Bees pollinating flowers
C. A tick feeding on a dog
D. Lions hunting zebras
Answer: A
24. What is the term for the variety of genetic traits within a population?
A. Genetic diversity
B. Species diversity
C. Ecosystem diversity
D. Habitat diversity
Answer: A
25. What is the term for an organism that feeds on the remains of dead animals?
A. Carnivore
B. Herbivore
C. Scavenger
D. Omnivore
Answer: C
26. Which level of the food chain typically has the most energy available?
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Tertiary consumers
Answer: A
27. Which of the following is an autotroph?
A. Eagle
B. Rabbit
C. Algae
D. Snake
Answer: C
28. What is a food web?
A. A linear sequence of energy transfer
B. A complex network of feeding relationships
C. A map of plant species in an area
D. A tool for hunting animals
Answer: B
29. What do invasive species often cause in ecosystems?
A. Increased biodiversity
B. Stability
C. Disruption and competition with native species
D. Climate change
Answer: C
30. Which of the following is an example of an ecological hotspot?
A. Sahara Desert
B. Amazon Rainforest
C. Arctic Tundra
D. Pacific Ocean
Answer: B
31. What is the main purpose of conservation biology?
A. To increase agricultural production
B. To preserve biodiversity and ecosystems
C. To study animal behavior
D. To protect human populations
Answer: B
32. Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource?
A. Solar energy
B. Fossil fuels
C. Wind energy
D. Water
Answer: B
33. What is an apex predator?
A. A producer in the food chain
B. A predator with no natural enemies
C. An organism that feeds on plants
D. A scavenger that eats dead animals
Answer: B
34. What type of organism breaks down organic material and recycles nutrients?
A. Producer
B. Consumer
C. Decomposer
D. Predator
Answer: C
35. What is ecological succession?
A. The movement of species from one area to another
B. The gradual change in species composition in an ecosystem
C. The extinction of species
D. The competition between species
Answer: B
36. Which of the following human activities contributes the most to deforestation?
A. Fishing
B. Urbanization
C. Agriculture
D. Mining
Answer: C
37. What is the role of a predator in an ecosystem?
A. To control the population of prey
B. To recycle nutrients
C. To produce food
D. To fix nitrogen
Answer: A
38. Which of the following is an example of an endangered species?
A. Bald eagle
B. Dodo bird
C. Amur leopard
D. House sparrow
Answer: C
39. What is the name of the process where water moves through the environment?
A. Carbon cycle
B. Nitrogen cycle
C. Water cycle
D. Phosphorus cycle
Answer: C
40. What is habitat fragmentation?
A. The destruction of ecosystems by natural disasters
B. The division of ecosystems into smaller, isolated sections
C. The complete loss of a species’ habitat
D. The replacement of native plants with invasive species
Answer: B
41. Which of these is a secondary consumer?
A. Grass
B. Rabbit
C. Snake
D. Hawk
Answer: C
42. What is the biggest threat to marine biodiversity?
A. Deforestation
B. Coral bleaching
C. Overfishing
D. Soil erosion
Answer: C
43. Which type of species plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem?
A. Keystone species
B. Invasive species
C. Endangered species
D. Exotic species
Answer: A
44. What is a biome?
A. A small habitat within an ecosystem
B. A large area characterized by specific climate and organisms
C. A group of interacting populations
D. A food chain within a forest
Answer: B
45. Which of the following contributes to global warming?
A. Reforestation
B. Renewable energy use
C. Greenhouse gas emissions
D. Habitat restoration
Answer: C
46. Which practice can help conserve biodiversity?
A. Overharvesting natural resources
B. Protecting wildlife habitats
C. Introducing invasive species
D. Expanding urban areas
Answer: B
47. Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species?
A. Moss
B. Oak tree
C. Rabbit
D. Wolf
Answer: A
48. What is a trophic level?
A. The position of an organism in a food chain
B. The size of an ecosystem
C. The diversity of a population
D. The number of species in a biome
Answer: A
49. What happens when the top predator in an ecosystem is removed?
A. Prey populations decline
B. Food webs collapse
C. Biodiversity increases
D. The ecosystem becomes balanced
Answer: B
50. What is a sustainable practice?
A. Using resources faster than they can regenerate
B. Overfishing marine life
C. Planting trees to restore forests
D. Polluting water sources
Answer: C
