Unit 1- Environment and climate change

1. What is the primary cause of global climate change?

a) Deforestation
b) Solar radiation
c) Greenhouse gas emissions
d) Volcanic activity

2. Which of the following gases is a major contributor to the

greenhouse effect?

a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Nitrogen (N2)
c) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
d) Helium (He)

3. Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source?

a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Geothermal energy
d) Natural gas

4. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to how many

degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels?

a) 1.0°C
b) 1.5°C
c) 2.0°C
d) 3.0°C
5. Which of the following is a major effect of deforestation on the
environment?

a) Increased biodiversity
b) Decreased atmospheric CO2 levels
c) Disruption of the water cycle
d) Improved air quality

6. What is the term used for the gradual increase in the Earth’s
average surface temperature due to human activities?

a) Global warming
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) El Niño

7. Which of the following is considered a non-renewable resource?

a) Wind
b) Natural gas
c) Solar
d) Biomass

8. Which of the following ecosystems is particularly vulnerable to

climate change?

a) Desert
b) Wetlands
c) Temperate forests
d) Tundra
9. What is the "carbon footprint"?

a) The total amount of carbon dioxide released by natural processes

b) The total amount of carbon dioxide emitted due to human
activities
c) The amount of carbon stored in the atmosphere
d) The total energy used by a person’s household

10. Which of the following is a major consequence of melting polar

ice caps?

a) Rising sea levels

b) Increased soil fertility
c) Decreased global temperatures
d) Higher ozone concentrations

"5R" policy
11. What does the "5R" policy in environmental conservation
primarily focus on?

A) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Refuse, and Replace

B) Recycle, Reuse, Reduce, Regenerate, and Replant
C) Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Repair
D) Reduce, Recycle, Regenerate, Recover, and Replace 12.

Which of the following is the first step in the 5R policy?

A) Recycle
B) Reduce
C) Reuse
D) Refuse
13. "Reduce" in the 5R policy primarily means:

A) Using resources more efficiently

B) Reducing the amount of waste produced
C) Buying more eco-friendly products
D) Recycling waste materials

14. Which of the following practices aligns with the "Reuse"

principle of the 5R policy?

A) Turning off lights when not in use

B) Using biodegradable bags instead of plastic
C) Using a glass jar as a storage container
D) Creating a compost bin for food scraps

15. "Recycle" in the 5R policy refers to:

A) Replacing disposable items with sustainable alternatives B)

Using previously discarded materials to create new products C)
Avoiding the use of harmful chemicals in production D) Planting
trees to offset pollution

16. Which of the following is an example of the "Refuse" principle in

the 5R policy?

A) Using cloth bags instead of plastic bags

B) Choosing not to purchase items with excessive packaging
C) Reusing old newspapers for craft projects
D) Participating in a recycling program at work
17. What is the primary goal of the 5R policy in environmental
conservation?

A) To increase the demand for recyclable materials

B) To increase economic growth by selling recyclable products
C) To promote industrial development
D) To reduce the environmental impact of human activities

18. Which of the following is NOT a component of the 5R policy?

A) Recycle
B) Reuse
C) Replace
D) Replant

Zero Carbon footprint

19. What is the primary goal of achieving a zero carbon footprint?

a) To reduce global warming

b) To increase industrial production
c) To promote deforestation
d) To increase fossil fuel usage

20. Which of the following is a key strategy in achieving zero carbon

emissions?
a) Increased use of fossil fuels
b) Promoting renewable energy sources
c) Reducing tree planting
d) Limiting recycling programs
21. Which of these is a major contributor to a high carbon
footprint?

a) Solar power usage

b) Walking or cycling
c) Fossil fuel-based energy consumption
d) Afforestation

22. What is the role of carbon sequestration in achieving zero

carbon emissions?

a) It increases carbon emissions

b) It reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere c)
It encourages industrial pollution
d) It increases deforestation

23. Which of the following practices helps in reducing a company's

carbon footprint?

a) Reducing energy efficiency in operations

b) Adopting green building practices
c) Ignoring waste management
d) Using non-renewable resources

24. Which of the following is an example of a carbon-neutral energy

source?
a) Coal
b) Natural gas
c) Oil
d) Wind energy
25. What is one of the most effective ways for individuals to reduce
their carbon footprint?

a) Drive long distances frequently

b) Use energy-efficient appliances
c) Increase the use of plastic
d) Consume more processed foods

26. The concept of "carbon neutrality" refers to:

a) Generating more carbon emissions than what is consumed b)

Balancing emitted carbon dioxide with an equivalent amount of
carbon offset or reduction
c) Completely eliminating all carbon emissions
d) Only focusing on the reduction of energy consumption

27. Which of the following is a renewable energy source that

contributes to reducing carbon emissions?

a) Oil
b) Natural gas
c) Coal
d) Geothermal

28. What is the main benefit of reducing the carbon footprint for
sustainable development?

a) It boosts short-term economic growth

b) It improves the quality of life while preserving the environment c)
It increases pollution levels
d) It limits technological innovations
Unit - II Sustainability and Renewable Resources 1.
Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Solar energy
d) Natural gas

2. What is the primary source of energy for most of the Earth's natural
processes?

a) Wind
b) The Sun
c) Geothermal energy
d) Tidal energy

3. Which of the following is NOT a non-renewable resource?

a) Natural gas
b) Coal
c) Water
d) Oil

4. What is the term used for the process of converting raw materials into
useful products?
a) Recycling
b) Mining
c) Manufacturing
d) Sustainability
5. What is the main environmental concern associated with the use of fossil
fuels?

a) Overpopulation
b) Deforestation
c) Pollution and greenhouse gas emissions
d) Soil erosion

6. Which of the following is a renewable resource that can be used for

generating electricity?

a) Coal
b) Wind energy
c) Natural gas
d) Uranium

7. Which of the following is an example of a mineral resource?

a) Water
b) Timber
c) Iron ore
d) Wind energy

8. Which of the following is considered a sustainable use of natural resources?

a) Deforestation
b) Overfishing
c) Solar power generation
d) Mining coal
9. What term describes the depletion or exhaustion of natural resources due to
excessive consumption?

a) Resource conservation
b) Resource management
c) Resource depletion
d) Resource renewal

10. What is the main purpose of recycling natural resources?

a) To reduce the demand for new raw materials

b) To increase pollution
c) To create more landfills
d) To increase fossil fuel consumption

11. Which of the following is considered a renewable energy source?

a) Coal
b) Natural Gas
c) Solar Energy
d) Oil

12. Non-renewable energy sources are primarily formed from:

a) Organic matter over millions of years

b) Current-day biological processes
c) Geothermal activity
d) Ocean currents
13. Which of the following is NOT a type of renewable energy?

a) Wind Power
b) Hydropower
c) Biomass
d) Natural Gas
14. Which non-renewable energy source is primarily used for electricity
generation?

a) Solar Power
b) Coal
c) Geothermal Energy
d) Wind Power

15. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?

a) Geothermal Energy
b) Oil
c) Tidal Energy
d) Hydroelectric Power

16. What is a major environmental concern related to the use of fossil fuels?

a) Global warming and air pollution

b) Increased biodiversity
c) Soil erosion
d) Ocean acidification
17. Which renewable energy source relies on the force of moving water to
generate power?

a) Wind Power
b) Solar Energy
c) Hydropower
d) Biomass

18. Which energy source is considered the most abundant and widely used
globally?
a) Solar Energy
b) Coal
c) Wind Power
d) Nuclear Energy

19. Which of the following best describes geothermal energy?

a) Energy from wind

b) Energy derived from the Earth’s internal heat
c) Energy produced from ocean tides
d) Energy from sunlight

20. Which of these energy sources is the least likely to contribute to long-term
climate change?

a) Coal
b) Wind
c) Natural Gas
d) Oil
21. What is the primary benefit of hydrogen as an energy source? A)

High carbon emissions

B) Renewable and zero-emission

C) Limited availability

D) Expensive production cost

22. Which of the following is the most common method for producing
hydrogen fuel?
 A) Wind electrolysis

B) Solar thermal process

C) Steam methane reforming (SMR)

D) Nuclear fission

23. What is Ocean Energy primarily harnessed from? A)

Wind

B) Sunlight

C) Tidal and wave movements

D) Geothermal heat
24. Which of the following is a type of ocean energy?

A) Biomass energy

B) Hydroelectric energy

C) Tidal energy

D) Wind energy

25. Which of the following is a major advantage of tidal energy over other
renewable energy sources?

A) It is intermittent and unreliable.

B) It can generate electricity 24/7 with predictable tidal cycles. C)

It requires large land areas for implementation.

 D) It produces high levels of greenhouse gas emissions.

26. What is the principle behind tidal energy generation? A)

Harnessing the heat produced by underwater volcanic activity

B) Using turbines to convert the movement of water into mechanical

energy

C) Capturing the energy from saltwater

D) Solar-powered desalination of seawater

27. Which of the following countries is a global leader in the development of
tidal energy?

A) United States

B) China

C) South Korea

D) France

28. Hydrogen fuel cells are used to generate electricity. What is a by-product of
this process?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Water vapor

C) Methane

D) Nitrogen

29. Which of the following is a major challenge to the widespread use of

hydrogen as an energy source?

A) Its combustion produces harmful chemicals

B) Difficulties in storage and transportation

C) Its production requires large amounts of water

D) It is only effective in hot climates

30. Which of the following technologies can be used to convert ocean wave
energy into usable power?

A) Wind turbines

B) Wave energy converters

C) Solar panels

D) Geothermal plants

Unit - 3. Ecosystem
1. Who proposed the 10% energy transfer law of food chain? a)

Tansley

b) Stanley

c) Weismann

d) Lindeman
2. What is the term for the mass of living material at a particular
trophic level at a specific time?

a) Standing rate

b) Gross primary productivity

c) Standing crop

d) Net primary productivity

3. What are plant decomposers?

a) Animalia and Monera

b) Protista and Animalia

c) Fungi and Plants

d) Monera and Fungi

4. Which of the following is the most stable ecosystem? a)

Desert

b) Ocean

c) Forest

d) Mountain

5. In a terrestrial ecosystem, such as a forest, which trophic level

possesses the maximum energy?
a) T1

b) T2

c) T3

d) T4
6. Which of the following is a feature of a biological community? a)

Sex-ratio

b) Mortality

c) Natality

d) Stratification

7. If decomposers were entirely removed from an ecosystem, what

would be the impact on its functioning?

a) Herbivores will not receive solar energy

b) Energy flow will be blocked

c) The rate of decomposition will be very high

d) Mineral movement will be blocked

8. What is the term for the vertical distribution of different species

occupying different levels in a biotic community?
a) Stratification

b) Pyramid

c) Divergence

d) Zonation
9. Which of the following animals can occupy more than one trophic
level in the same ecosystem at the same time?

a) Frog

b) Goat

c) Lion

d) Sparrow

10. What is a characteristic feature of the cropland ecosystem? a)

Least genetic diversity

b) Absence of soil organisms

c) Ecological succession

d) Absence of weeds