UNDERSTANDING

THE SELF
CHAPTER
4

ARAGON,MARLON
T.
 DEFINITION AND SIGNIFICANCE
1.Autobiographical Memory:
N. The memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life, based on a
combination of personal experiences and the emotions they evoke.

2.Cognitive Dissonance:
O. The mental discomfort experienced when holding conflicting cognitions (beliefs, attitudes,
or behaviors), often leading to an alteration in one or more of these elements to reduce
discomfort.

3.Coherence in Narrative:
K. The degree to which a personal narrative is organized and logically connected, contributing
to a clear and meaningful life story.

4.Core Self-Project:
B. An individual's fundamental and enduring sense of self that ties together various aspects of
identity and personal history, often seen as central to their personality and actions.

5.Identity Integration:
R. The psychological process of harmonizing multiple aspects of one's identity into a coherent
whole, crucial for internal consistency and psychological health.

6.Identity Negotiation:
Q. The process of managing and communicating one's identity in various social contexts,
often requiring adaptation and compromise between personal identity and social
expectations.

7.Narrative Identity:
C. An individual's internalized and evolving story of the self that integrates the reconstructed
past, perceived present, and anticipated future.

8.Personal Narrative:
F. Stories that individuals create about their lives, which incorporate past experiences,
current events, and future aspirations to provide meaning and identity.

9.Reflective Self-Function:
I. The capacity to reflect upon oneself and one's behavior, often essential for self-regulation
and personal growth.

10. Role Identity:

E. Specific identities associated with the social roles an individual assumes, such as parent,
worker, or student, each with its own set of behaviors and expectations.
11.Self-Complexity:
A. A theory suggesting that individuals who perceive themselves as having many distinct and
relatively unconnected aspects have a buffer against the negative effects of stress and are less
prone to depression.

12.Self-Concept:
H. The broad collection of beliefs people hold about themselves, including their attributes,
who and what they are.

13.Self-Continuity:
S. The sense of being the same person over time, despite various changes and experiences,
supported by a continuous personal narrative.

14.Self-Discrepancy:
M. The gap between different self-representations (e.g., actual self, ideal self, and ought self),
which can influence emotional states and motivation.

15.Self-Efficacy:
G. The belief in one's abilities to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, which can
play a significant role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges.

16.Self-Identity:
J. The complex perception that one has of oneself, formed through experiences,
relationships, and internalized values, and manifesting as a consistent sense of personal
identity.

17.Self-Perception:
T. The way in which individuals come to understand themselves through their interactions and
reflections, often shaping their actions and reactions.

18.Self-Schema:
D. Cognitive structures that represent organized knowledge about oneself, guiding the
processing of self-relevant information and influencing behavior.

19.Self-Verification:
L. The drive to confirm and support one's existing beliefs about oneself through social
interactions, seeking consistency between self-concept and feedback from others.

20. Social Identity:

P. The part of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in social
groups, such as nationality, religion, or community.
 IDENTIFICATION
1.What cognitive structures contain organized knowledge about oneself and guide the
processing of self-relevant information?
R. Self-Schema

2.What concept refers to how individuals perceive themselves through interactions and
reflections?
Q. Self-Perception

3.What describes the sense of being the same person over time in spite of changes?
N. Self-Continuity

4.What is called the capacity to reflect upon oneself and one's actions or behavior?
J. Reflective Self-Function

5.What is the name for the memory system that includes personal events and
experiences from one's life?
A. Autobiographical Memory

6.What is the term for the belief in one's capabilities to succeed in specific situations or
accomplish a task?
P. Self-Efficacy

7.What is the term for the gap between different self-representations, such as actual
self, ideal self, and ought self?
O. Self-Discrepancy

8.What is the term for the overarching collection of beliefs that people hold about
themselves?
M. Self-Concept

9.What psychological process refers to the harmonizing of multiple aspects of one's

identity into a coherent whole?
F. Identity Integration

10. What psychological term describes the discomfort one feels when holding two or
more conflicting cognitions?
B. Cognitive Dissonance
 IDENTIFICATION

11.What refers to the internalized and evolving story of the self that integrates past, present,
and future?
H. Narrative Identity

12.What term describes the mental process of confirming one's existing beliefs about oneself
through social interactions?
S. Self-Verification

13.What term describes the stories people create about their lives that integrate past, present,
and future elements?
I. Personal Narrative

14.What term is used for the specific identities associated with the roles an individual assumes
in society, such as a parent or worker?
K. Role Identity

15.What term refers to an individual's fundamental and enduring sense of self that ties
together various aspects of identity?
E. Core Self-Project

16.What term refers to the degree to which a personal narrative is organized and logically
connected?
C. Coherence in Narrative

17.Which concept refers to an individual's part of the self-concept derived from groups they
belong to, such as nationality or religion?
T. Social Identity

18.Which process involves the management and communication of one's identity in various
social contexts?
G. Identity Negotiation

19.Which term describes the manner in which personal stories and experiences are
remembered and narrated, including the impact of mood and context on recall?
D. Constructive Nature of Autobiographical Memory

20. Which theory suggests that having many distinct and relatively unconnected aspects of
self provides a buffer against stress?
L. Self-Complexity
 MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST
1.What is self-identity primarily about?
B) An individual's perception of themselves

2.Which of the following is a key component of personal narrative?

D) Life experiences and memories

3.Autobiographical memory is:

B) Memory of personal experiences

4.Self-schema influences:
B) How we perceive and process information about ourselves

5.Identity negotiation refers to:

B) Managing self-identity in various social contexts

6.An integrated identity helps an individual:

C) Manage diverse aspects of self smoothly

7.What does role identity refer to?

B) The identity derived from the social roles one assumes

8.Social identity is formed by:

B) Group memberships and affiliation.

9.Narrative identity is an individual's:

B) Internalized and evolving life story

10. Cognitive dissonance occurs when:

B) There are contradictions between beliefs and actions

11. Self-efficacy is:

B) Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations

12. Self-concept is:

B) The collection of beliefs about oneself
 MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST
13.Self-verification is a drive to:
B) Confirm one's existing beliefs about oneself

14.Reflective self-function involves:

B) The capacity to think about oneself

15.Self-complexity theory suggests:

B) Complexity in self-concept buffers against stress

16.Coherence in narrative is important for:

B) Creating a clear and meaningful life story

17.Self-continuity is the sense of:

B) Being the same person over time

18.Self-discrepancy refers to the gap between:

B) Actual, ideal, and ought selves

19.Self-perception is influenced by:

C) Interactions and personal reflection

20.The core self-project is:

B) An enduring sense of self that integrates various identity aspects

21.Constructive nature of autobiographical memory means:

B) Memories are influenced by current knowledge and beliefs

22. Which concept refers to an individual's internal and external conflicts about identity?
D) Identity dissonance

23. What impacts self-narrative reconstruction?

A) Current emotional state and context

24. How does a coherent personal narrative aid an individual?

C) It supports a stable and continuous self-concept

25. Digital storytelling influences personal narratives by:

B) Providing a platform for wider audience and feedback