SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC

A:-Technical capacity to mobilize

equipment and personnel
To begin any construction there must site hand over from client.
After site hand over at the week we start mobilization of our staff
and equipment. So our company mobilizes our staff and
construction of comp for store and office establishment is done.
The material needed for construction at this stage like G-32 iron
sheet and woods also carpentry is needed. Our company has it
rent equipment’s like Mixer, Compacter and Vibratory
Mobilizations
Mobilize equipment and personnel
Work crews: Labor crews shall have to be nominated as per the skills
required by the specific works assignments. If necessary, labor-based
contract crews shall be deployed from project areas and/or outside
depending on their availability.

In view of skill transfer and capacity buildings of local peoples, workers

assisting the masons, bar-benders, mixer operators, etc. shall be deployed
from local project users

When setting out alignment of roots as well as to check any ambiguity of

elevations, freelancer expertise particularly chief surveyors were deployed.
In addition, when project works completed the surveyor shall be used to
produce the as-built project layouts.

A senior civil and water supply and sanitary engineer shall supervise the
overall construction of the project and shall take the responsibilities of timely
resources mobilization, addressing technical issues, progresses, reporting
challenges measures taken, inspecting quality of works.

Delivery schedule for Goods and Related Services

we have an experience supplying previously and proposed to supply pipes,
fittings and electromechanical equipment and also, we commitment to
supply all pipes, fittings and electromechanical equipment required within
three months after the date contract is signed either from local stock/
manufacturer or access to LC, and to protect/ rehabilitate the environment in

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 SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC

at project site after acquire pipes, fittings and electromechanical equipment

required within three months.

Mobilize equipment
we have supplying all proposed equipment to construct the project within
contract period started after the date of contract is signed.
i. General
1. The project work shall be handled with joint and active participation of
all stakeholders: the client, contractor, the consultant, the community and
local decision-making officials. Regular discussions and communications shall
be made between the stakeholders during construction of the projects.
Also, the contractor shall deploy standard construction materials, labors and
apply standard procedures to execute the works.
ii. Stakeholders’ Participation
Stakeholders’ participation, particularly communities are required during
implementation of the project as well as for its operation and maintenance
after commissioning. This creates sense of ownership so that the project will
be implemented as scheduled and the life of the service will last long.
One main part of the project that the communities shall participate is giving
land during construction of civil and pipe work. Accordingly, with contractor
and Engineer joint pipeline setting, the good willing of community is very
important as per the approved work schedule.
2. Taking into account of the above-mentioned advantages of good will of
community, we would like to express our approach and methodology in
promoting the community participation during the project implementation.
In achieving the target, we, the contractor has developed the following
approach:
During handing over the site, Discussion would be held with concerned
community leaders and local authorities and town water board and utility for
smooth implementation of the intended project. This will have the following
benefits for both parties;
 Planning how to arrange proper working schedules,
 Programming manpower utilization and
 Arranging periodic meetings for evaluating output of the as well as
the progress of the project.

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3. In addition, before handing over of the project our company shall

prepare on job training and operation manuals in order to familiarize utility
operators with installed pumps and generators for sustainability of the
implemented project.

B. Technical approach and

Methodology
Proposed Construction Methodology
This section includes the basic proposal input made by the SA BAMBOO WORKS
PLC as procedures to be followed for construction Planning and Control including
for pre-Construction, during construction and post–construction phase of the
project. This methodology has major parts which are stated as follow:
General Requirements and Provisions
 All measures necessary to protect works from weather, keeping works
free from water, contamination of the works and to protect existing
services will be taken to ensure safety.
 All Preventive and precautionary measures will be taken to ensure safe
and sound environment for all workers at site by providing them
adequate facilities and sufficient Knowledge through campaign every
month emphasizing them of the dangers and impact of STD &
HIV/AIDS.
 Besides, suitable arrangements will be made for the prevention of
epidemics and for all necessary welfare and hygiene requirements SA
BAMBOO WORKS PLC. Will also arrange for the provision of a
sufficient supply of suitable food at reasonable prices for all its staff
and labor.
Mobilization of Manpower & Equipment
After taking of possessions of the site, our company will proceed with the
mobilization of manpower & equipment to the site of works. Initial advance parties
comprising project manager, chief surveyor, material inspector and equipment in
charge will be sent, as they will establish themselves in temporary/rental
accommodation in the nearby town until permanent accommodation & project
offices are constructed. Temporary accommodation for the Engineer will be
arranged in the same town. Temporary transport arrangements for the Engineer &
his staff will be arranged as per the requirement stated in the technical
specification.

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The works like constructing the Engineer’s office/ accommodation, contractor’s

facilities and survey work of the site will be undertaken in parallel. Original ground
levels, existing road levels making of center line of road and sampling of borrow
areas and quarries will be undertaken jointly with the engineer’s staff immediately
after both parties have set themselves and are ready for starting the work.
After ensuring adequate security arrangements, plant and equipment will be moved
to the project camp site. Company/rental trailers will be utilized to minimize the
period of mobilization of plant and equipment to the site.
Crushers with the appropriate production capacity will be erected at site for the
Production of aggregate for concrete works & pipes and for the production of Gravel
Wearing course. The suitable locations of the Crushers site will be selected after
obtaining the approval of the materials.
The equipment for the exploitation of quarry like bulldozer, excavator, Jack
hammers, wheel loader and some dump trucks will be mobilized immediately after
handing over of the quarries. Other equipment of earth works, pavement &
structure work will be mobilized from different locations as per the schedules to be
provided and approved by the Engineer.
Contractor’s Establishment on Site
The Mobilization of equipment and plants and the required staff for the project will
commence soon after receipt of the notice of commencement.
The Contractor’s camp & Resident Engineer’s Office & residential building location is
to be decided after considering the suitability of the area for health and welfare of
the workers, proximity to the work, water source and other relevant factors deemed
necessary to be considered.
SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC will provide the necessary facilities for the Site
personnel. Offices of adequate space will be erected and equipped with all the
facilities to have the work executed and controlled.
The construction of the contractor’s camp and facilities for the site staff along with
officer, sheds, stores, workshops etc. required, including provision of storage and
work space and all services will commence and be completed within the stipulated
time.
During this period, the construction of site offices for the Resident Engineer & his
employees along with all the necessary facilities as mentioned in the contract
documents will be carried out and handed over in time.
Temporary access, diversion and haul roads will be constructed and maintained to
the various working sites and designated borrow, quarry and disposal areas, as
required for the execution of the works. Temporary prefabricated reinforced
concrete pipe culvert will be provided as and when required.
Survey Monuments will be preserved while performing construction work and every
care will be taken not to damage, displace or disturb them. Every precautionary
measure will be taken not to damage the existing public utilities.
Resident Engineer’s requirements

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 SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC

The Resident engineer’s temporary requirement that includes survey operatives

and material and survey instruments will be made available prior to the
commencement of the works.
All materials and survey instruments as specified in the technical specification of bid
documents will be provided to the resident engineer as and when required or as
directed by the resident engineer.
Furniture, fixtures, electronic, and other supply items as specified in the Technical
Specification will be provided in conjunction to confirmation from the Resident
engineer. Immediate purchasing & delivery to site of the said items will be carried
out as much as possible.
The Offices & residential building drawings will be prepared & submitted to the
engineer for his approval. After the approvals are obtained, construction materials
will be collected from their respective areas. Construction will commence right after
getting the appropriate construction materials
The order for the vehicles of the resident engineer and his staff will be immediately
placed on receipt of the resident engineer’s instructions. The vehicles will be
registered, insured, fully taxed and maintained throughout the duration of the
contract as specified.
Site offices for resident engineer will be provided and maintained along with
facilities until the completion of the works as specified under the provision of the
contract.
Material testing Laboratory will be equipped with all testing equipment listed in the
technical specification and maintained until completion of the works as specified
under the provision of the contract.
Abatement of Air, Dust and Noise Pollution
The emission of dust into the atmosphere will be strictly controlled during the
production, handling and storage of concrete and road aggregate and SA BAMBOO
WORKS PLC will use such methods and equipment’s as are necessary for the
collection and disposal or prevention of dust during these operations. Strong and
handling cement will also include means of elimination atmospheric discharges of
dust.
Burning of materials resulting from clearing of trees and bush, combustible
construction materials & rubbish will be permitted only when atmospheric
conditions for burning are considered favorable and when authorized by the
engineer. When burning is permitted the piles will be properly constructed to
minimize smoke and in no case will unapproved materials such as tires, plastics,
rubber products, asphalt products or other materials that create heavy black smoke
or nuisance odors be burned.
Our company will use sprinkling or other measures for dust abatement if necessary
to obtain adequate control. In particular in towns and villages water sprinkling will
be required as often as necessary to reduce the dust nuisance. To reduce the dust
problem, temporary speed limit traffic signs will be installed on those sections of the
road where dust development is considerable.
Cleanup and disposal of waste materials

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 SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC

SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC will, at all times, keep the construction area including
storage areas free from accumulation of waste materials or rubbish. All waste and
sewage from office, residential and mobile camps will be piped to soak pits or other
disposal areas constructed in accordance with local regulations and where and
when such regulations require it, our company will obtain a permit or other
appropriate documentations approving the disposal methods being used. All fuels,
oils, other plant or vehicle fluids and old tires and tubes will be collected to a central
disposal point on regular basis and disposed off as specified.
Traffic Management
Temporary diversion and access roads will be properly prepared and maintained
throughout the progress of work for accommodating traffic. The cutting will be
carried out mechanically wherever required to neat and even surfaces with proper
gradient. Suitable material will be used for backfilling with the accomplishment of
compaction to the required degree and specification.
In case of shortage of suitable material for backfilling, the suitable material can be
obtained from the borrow area or approved quarry. Grading limits of material for
replacement of unsuitable material will be followed and maintained. The temporary
diversion will be maintained through trimming by road grader with repair alterations
as and when required.
Where diversion cannot be provided, the traffic will be accommodated in half width
construction as specified and as directed by the resident engineer. Flagmen,
direction signs & barricades will be provided at appropriate places & at appropriate
times for the smooth traffic flow.
Temporary pipe culverts of prefabricated reinforced concrete pipe will be laid with
bedding where ever required to provide easy access to traffic. After the completion
of project such prefabricated culverts will be eventually removed as specified or as
directed by the resident engineer.
Quality System
SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC. intends to comply with the regular reporting,
preparation end submission of documents required to verify that the designated
portion of the work and/or services have been satisfactorily completed in
accordance with the Contract requirements.
The Quality System (QA and QC program) will be fully described and documented
by means of:
 General Company documents;
 Contract Quality plan;
 Manual of Specific Contract procedure:
 Inspection and test plans for manufacture of permanent equipment and/or
permanent materials;
 Process Control sheets for installation, construction, testing and
commissioning;
Survey
The project survey team will carry out the survey work based on the data received
by the Engineer. All the necessary monuments will be erected on site and recorded
in paper with all the necessary data, coordinates and photos. The survey work will

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 SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC

refer to positioned benchmarks, from where all the other survey lines and points will
derive.
All the survey work will be subjected to a periodic checking in order to verify any
deviation to the first and actual data and to reposition any destroyed benchmark.
All the road vertical and horizontal alignments will be referred to the received data
and any deviation to the instructed tolerances will be immediately reported to the
Engineer.
The Survey will be extended to the road foundation by trial pits along the roadside
to establish in advance the geology and subsoil conditions and the reclamations if
necessary and the existing services and structures.
Setting Out
SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC will check for the existence of original marks (control
points & bench marks), lines and levels of reference prior to commencing of works
in any section. Any discrepancies encountered will be reported to the Engineer’s
representative, for instruction and co- ordination. The supplied data will be used to
establish and set up the layout of the work, which will involve the width of the road,
grade, shoulders, drains and hydraulic structures. Before excavation work begins
the setting out of the work in accordance to the grade and lines in the Contract
documents will be carried out and the approval of the setting out will be requested
to the Engineer. Cross section will be jointly taken on the same locations as those
shown on the drawings; more sections can be taken, if needed, because of
topography of land. These cross sections and the longitudinal profile will be plotted
to an appropriate scale. The drawings will be submitted to the Engineer and signed
by both parties.
Site Clearance
Site investigation for test pits within the site and to the depth designated by the
resident engineer will be excavated in order to have the in- situ examination of sub
soil, soil sampling and in – situ testing as required either by hand or machine. Then
the completed logs (record) will be submitted to the resident engineer as per the
condition of contract.
Site clearance will be undertaken as soon as the work is commenced. Trees and
other growths will be removed before the removal of top soil. The above top soil will
be deposited in spoil heaps ready for re- use in embankment slopes and in similar
features immediately prior to the completion.
Clearing & grubbing
The Work will include clearing, and/or grubbing and/or stepping top soil and land
leveling in selected areas. Objects overhanging the areas or above GL will be cut or
taken down and removed and disposed off to some suitable place. However, such
trees, vegetation structures or parts of structures, and other things which are
designated in the contract to remain, or which the resident engineer directs are to
be left undisturbed will be left undisturbed.
Such areas of the work will be cleared as indicated on the drawings or as directed
by the resident engineer.
Unwanted material from clearing and grubbing will be disposed of as approved or
directed by the resident engineer. All brush, stumps, roots, vegetation and other

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 SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC

combustible refuse may be piled up within the site and burned, where burning is
allowed, burying all ashes and residue from burning. All working areas will be
reinstated before the completion of any section of the works.
Clearing & grubbing will be performed with the help of a dozer & manpower.

Engineering, Surveying and Design Specifications

 Field Survey and Geotechnical Investigations
Before construction can commence, a site survey will be performed to stake out the
exact location of the Building, the site roads, electrical cables, access entryways
from major roads, use areas, etc.
Once the surveys are complete, a detailed geotechnical investigation will be
performed to identify subsurface conditions which will dictate much of the
construction work of the foundations, trenching and electrical grounding systems.
Typically, the geotechnical investigation involves a drill rig which bores to the
engineer’s required depths and a backhoe to identify the subsurface soil and rock
types and strength properties by sampling and lab testing.
 Design and Construction Specifications
Using all of the data that has been gathered for the Project including geotechnical
information, environmental and climatic conditions, site topography, etc, the
contractor will establish a set of site-specific construction specifications for the
various portions of the Project. The design specifications are based on well proven
and established sets of construction standards set forth by the various standard
industry practice groups such as the Ethiopian standard code of practice for
concrete ,electrical works ,sanitary works and other national and international
practices etc. The construction specifications are custom tailored for site-specific
conditions by technical staff and engineers. The Project engineering team will also
ensure that all aspects of the specifications as well as the actual on-site
construction comply with all of the applicable federal, state and local codes and
good industry practice.
Equipment will also be deployed based on the Project site specifications. The
Contractor will use the design specifications as a guideline to complete the detailed
construction plans for the Project.
 Layout
Layout techniques are described in the following paragraphs. The following layout
tools and materials used:
 A string line is used to distinguish the dimensions of the building layout.
 A sledgehammer is used to sink corner stakes or batter boards and posts.
 A posthole auger is used to dig the holes required to set posts properly in
some soils.
 A handsaw is used to cut batter boards and posts.
 An axe or a hatchet is used to sharpen batter-board posts and stakes.
 A hammer is used for building batter boards.
 A chalk line is used to deposit chalk on the surface in order to make a straight
guideline.
 A 30-meter steel tape is used for measuring diagonally and for laying out
excavation or foundation lines.

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 A carpenter's level is used to level a surface and to sight level lines. It will be
used directly on the surface or with a straightedge.
 A line level with a spirit bubble is used to show levelness. It gives the greatest
accuracy when it is placed halfway between the points to be leveled.
 A plumbing bob is used to locate the corners of the building dimensions.
 A framing square is used to check the queerness of lines.
Excavation and Earth Work
 Site clearing and grabbing
Both Clearing and grubbing will be performed concurrently in order to ready the site
for topsoil stripping and bulk excavation. Since clearing and grubbing happens as
the first work item on the project, it is usually critical to the project schedule.
Therefore, the Construction manager will give a particular focus to the process of
clearing and grubbing in order to control the project.
Site demolition including removal of catch basins, manholes, underground pipe,
asphalt paving, concrete paving, etc. will be performed and disposal of site
demolition materials will be performed as it largely impact on a project. If the
material is hauled to a dump site, the Construction Supervisor will be informed the
dump site location and be assured that the dumping meets all state and local
ordinances.
 Bulk Excavation
As Earth excavation and grading are fascinating part of a construction project. The
powerful heavy equipment, used to best advantage by a skilled operators. The
scope of the excavation job varies from digging footings for the buildings building to
moving bulk material on the site. Since this task outsets and determines the
successes of the total project careful planning will be done ahead of the task
beginning. The use of appropriate earth moving equipment’s are also detrimental to
the successes of this task and the contractor will provide as required.
 Trench excavation
Before a trench is excavated, the contractor will take good consideration for the
trench support system and associated precautionary measures that should be
required to serve two purposes:
(i) Stability of the trench itself, and
(ii) Avoidance of any adverse effect on the stability of adjacent slopes and in turn
the safety of the public.
For excavation depth of less than 1.2 m, shoring support may not be required for
ground that is found to be self-supporting. However, if external loads are likely to be
present, or if there is doubt as to the stability of the trench sides due to the
presence of weak ground or high groundwater, especially in inclement weather, the
trench sides will be supported even if the excavation depth is less than 1.2 m.
 Ground water Control
Where a high ground water table is encountered, the water will be controlled by
dewatering. Dewatering cause the lowering of groundwater in the area around the
excavation, which will result in an increase in effective stress of soil and hence
settlement of the ground. In cases where there is a concern on the adverse effects
of ground settlement near the excavation adjoining sensitive structures, like old

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 SA BAMBOO WORKS PLC

buildings on shallow foundations appropriate precautionary measures and

monitoring will be introduce to ensure the safety of the adjoining sensitive
structures.
 Backfilling and Compaction
Upon completion of the trench work, the excavated trench must be backfilled with
fine fill material in accordance with the specification and standard. Compaction will
be take place during a fill operation to increase the density of the soil material
being placed. Another common breakdown in excavation work is bulk excavation
and trench excavation.
Since Swell and shrinkage are two important terms, these characteristics will be
determined carefully and the compaction process will be done accordingly. The
following particular measures will be considered in the time of occurrence for the
respective problems during compaction.
 If Soil too wet then it will be aerated or mixed with dryer materials.
 If Soil to dry then water will be add
 If Soil lift for compaction is too deep then lessen lift depth will be used

With respect to the requirements of the specification and the work inspector during
the compaction operations tests will be taken place.
Masonry work
Masonry will be constructed from random stones set in cement mortar and will be
built to the lines and levels shown on the drawings. The stones will be from an
approved source and their cleanness and soundness will be checked. During
placing, the stones will be placed with their natural beds to the horizontal as far as
possible and the interstices between the stones will be completely filled with
mortar, stones are to be selected and placed to keep the amount of mortar to a
minimum on exposed faces, stones shall be of a fair face showing an even
distribution of stone sizes.
The mortar will be cement and sand mixed in the proportions described in the
specification and standard to fill all the interstices between the stones.
Form Work
Forms for concrete must be tight, rigid, and strong. If forms are not tight, loss of
concrete may cause a honeycomb effect, or loss of water may cause sand
streaking. The forms must be braced enough to stay in alignment. Special care is
needed when bracing and tying down forms used in applications such as retainer
walls, where the mass of concrete is large at the bottom and tapers toward the top.
In this type of construction and in the first pour for walls and columns, the concrete
tends to lift the form above its proper elevation.
The following Cautions will be taken during the production of forms and the
construction process of the buildings.
 Watching for protruding nails.
 Inspect tools frequently.
 Place mud sills under shoring that rests on the ground.
 Protect all men on scaffolds and on the ground.
 Bracing all shoring securely to prevent collapse of form work.

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Concrete work
 Concrete Mix
Mix design will be prepared by the contractor for the stated concrete class. Then the
Concrete will be mixed on site for the requested mix. Concrete batch plants will be
utilized on construction of the buildings to mix the concrete on site.
 Concrete testing
The concrete Slump Test will be performed to consistently measure the concrete
workability. This Test will be performed every for every production of concrete on
site.
Another important test for concrete is the cylinder compression test. The Concrete
strength generally called its 28 day compressive strength will be determined for the
mix design and during the duration of the construction process. This test will be
performed in the presence of the supervisor with an approved test machine.
 Placement of concrete
After the rebar placement, it will be inspected by the supervisor, protection for the
rebar from future corrosion will be made, and concrete placement will be
performed. The concrete placement of footing can be done by chute concrete
directly into the Structure in combination with concrete buggies or wheel barrows
will be used to carry the concrete from mixer to the formwork.
Roofing and Cladding
Based on the provided drawings and the technical specification the contractor will
built the truss on workshops and install it on top of the buildings. The contractor will
see alternatives on production of latticed purlin and truss members to satisfy the
quality requirements.
The required type of EGA sheets will be installed as soon as the truss and purline
work has finished. Quality control tests will be done both before and after
installation of the sheets in the presence of the client representatives.
Carpentry and Joinery: Before this task has begun, the contractor will prepare a
complete set of construction drawings or prints. He familiarizes with the different
detailing of drawings that are prepared. Selection of the proper material will be
made before production of the wooden doors. As soon as approval is gained for the
materials selected from the work supervisors the contractor will immediately begin
production of the components. Finally, installation will be performed after finishing
painting of the walls.
Metal Work: Production of Metal window and doors will be commenced introducing
great care in the quality of the product. As Most structural steel failures happen at
connections particular attention will be given to it. Welding and other connection
details will be to the highest of the standards, and subjected to a continuous quality
control checks.
After finalizing the production of the components, they will be installed as soon as
the block works are finished.
Finishing Works
After finishing all the major structural and block works, and gets approval to these
tasks, finishing works will be commenced. According to the planning documents the
contractor will work each item concurrently and parallels as to achieve maximum
work performance and high degree of quality assurance.

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Corrective measure will also be performed during this stage on some of the
structural objects as to fit the design drawings.
Painting: The Painting and Flooring Stage often get the dirty end of the stick when
it comes to scheduling. On this project, one of the critical tasks is painting as it
takes a toll on the final project quality. Great care will be taken in the previous
stages to have a high quality wall
For a higher quality paint job, assurances of the following are key
 Pole sand between coats to remove imperfections in the finish.
 Use the proper nap rollers for the type of paint to be used.
 The wall finish under vinyl wall coverings needs to be almost as good as a
paint grade finish (imperfections will show through).
Sanitary Installation: Installation of pipes will be commenced starting from the
beginning of the site work and each time placing of pipes before concrete works at
each stages. Finally Finishing works have finished, the riser pipes and other
externally running pipes are going to be installed. After Floor finish inside toilets has
finished the fixtures will be installed at their places. Finally connection of the
building sanitary install with site sanitary installation and pipes will be done during
site work. Greater quality control and close supervision will be done by the
contractor personnel at the time of this task.
Electrical installation: Conduits will be buried at each stage like the sanitary
installation during the construction of concrete and block works .Wiring also be
done parallel to it. After all finishing works has been finished the electric points will
be installed and other fixtures will be in place as the marker of project finishing.
Project Construction Clean-Up
Since Project clean up generally consists of landscaping and earthwork, it is very
weather and season sensitive. Landscaping cleanup is generally completed during
the first allowable and suitable weather conditions after all of the heavy
construction activities have been completed. Disturbed areas outside of the
graveled areas will be reseeded to control erosion by water and wind. All
construction clean-up work and permanent erosion control measures will be done in
accordance to a formal Storm Water Prevention Plan for the Project as outlined in
specification. Measures will be done in accordance to a formal Storm Water
Prevention Plan for the Project as outlined in specification.
Environmental Supervision during Construction:
The bidding documents should indicate how compliance with environmental rules
and design specifications would be supervised, along with the penalties for non-
compliance by contractors or workers. Construction supervision requires oversight
of compliance with the manual and environmental specifications by the contractor
or his designated environmental supervisor. Contractors are also required to comply
with national and municipal regulations governing the environment, public health
and safet

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Quality Control Procedure

2.1 Procurement
Prior to placing a purchase order or supply contract with the supplier/vendor,
our organization will ensure that the material has been approved and it
complies with the prior requirements of the quality control department. A
procurement of concrete making materials such as cement, sand, aggregate,
water and admixtures (if necessary) should be checked for their quality and
storage.
2.2 Inspection of Site Activities (Checklists)
All the concrete works at site should be performed per approved material. At
least three phases of control should be conducted by the Quality Control In
charge for each activity prior to submission of the checklist to the consultant.
These will be
 Preparatory Phase: The concerned engineer should review the
applicable specifications, references and standards, approved shop
drawings and materials, and other submittals (method of statements,
etc.) to ensure compliance with the contract.
 Start-up Phase: The concerned engineer should discuss with the
foreman responsible to perform the work and should establish the
standards of workmanship.
 Execution Phase: The work should be executed by continuous
inspection during this phase.
2.3 Inspection Check list for material received at site
 All ingredients cement, aggregates and water are of the type and
quality specified.
 Cement is fresh, not older than six months and is delivered to the site
in the manufacturer's original sealed bags.

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 Cement is stored in a dry and well-ventilated store, on a wooden floor

raised minimum 20cm above the ground.
 Cement is stocked separately.
 The cement has markings showing the type and dates of consignment
pinned to it and check it is used in the order of its arrival.
 Cement more than six months old after production is tested to satisfy
the specified requirements.
 Sand or fine aggregate to be clean river of pits sand of approved
quality and consist of hard, dense, durable uncoated rock fragments.
 Sand to be clear of impurities like dust, mica and organic matter.
2.3.1 Check course aggregates
 Rejected samples of aggregates are removed from the site within 24
hours.
 (Course aggregate) to be crushed basaltic stone or gravel of approved
quality
 (Course aggregate) to be hard, dense, durable, non-porous and
uncoated rock fragments.
 (Course aggregate) to be free from impurities like clay, soft thin
elongated or laminated pieces to be free from alkali and organic
matter.
 Gradation (coarse aggregate) to comply with the standard technical
specification.
 Quality is approved at the quarry before it is delivered to the site.
 Are stored on clear hard surface to prevent contamination by soil…etc.
 Different grades are stocked independently.
2.3.2 Check Water
 Used for mixing concrete is clean and free from injurious amounts of
soil, acids, alkalis, and organic materials.
 Is not taken from sea or tidal rivers to be used for structural concrete.
If possible, water shall be piped or otherwise stored in an enclosed
container free form contamination.
 If there are any doubts about the water a sample shall be taken for
testing.
 If the temperature of the water exceeds 600c it is first mixed with the
aggregate before the cement is added.
 The concrete is mixed to a uniform color and consistency prior to
placing.
 Hand mixing is not allowed, but if unavoidable it shall be used only for
class II concrete and shall under no circumstance be allowed for
concrete of class C-20 and above.

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 Concrete is mixed in an approved mechanical batch mixer machine;

the mixer is thoroughly cleaned from burdened dried concrete and
other kind of dirt before use.
 Mixer which has been cut of use for more than 20 minutes is
thoroughly washed before any fresh concrete is mixed as specified in
the standard technical specification.
 The mixer drum is tight to avoid loss of mortar. The valves must not
leak mixing water.
 The specified mixing time is carefully adhering to but in no case shall
the mixing discontinue for less than 2 minutes after adding water as
specified in the standard technical specifications.
 The batch capacity. The contractor must not be allowed to exceed the
rated capacity of the mixer.
 The materials enter the drum rapidly.
 The whole of the mixed batch is removed before materials for fresh batch
enter the mixer.
 Mixed concrete is not modified by the addition of extra water and
cement, in order to facilitate handling of any other purpose.
 Before any casting starts at site, test cubes of side dimension
15x15x15 or cylinders of diameter 15cm and length 30cm of wood or
steel are made ready.
 All reinforcement and framework are properly placed prior to as
concreting and the mix approved and also check inspection certificate
No.002 is filled and approved by the designer.
 For any one structure samples are made at the same time from the
same batch and the date clearly marked on each cube.
 Test cubes are made when directed but not less than one set of nine
cubes for each 100m3 of concrete placed, or if the rate of placing is
less than 100m3 then each 10 days or every floor for multistory
structures in accordance with the standard technical specifications.
 Three cubes of each set are tested at 3 and 7 or 7 and 14 days the
third at 28/45 days for OPC/PPC all in accordance with the code of
practice.
 Approved design mix is used
 Before any casting starts the consistency of fresh concrete must be
measured using the slump test, from the same batch for test cubes.
 Concrete is so transported as rapidly as practicable and placed such
that contamination, segregation or loss of constituent materials does
not occur.

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 All placing of concrete starts from one end and continue to the same
direction without break.
 Concrete is deposited as near as practicable and no concrete is
dropped from a height exceeding 2 meters as specified on the
standard technical specification.
 When chuting is used the inclination of the chutes shall be such as to
allow the concrete to flow without the use of water in excess of the
specified volume for mix and without segregation or loss of the
ingredients. Details of any proposed chatting plant must be
approved before the plant is delivered.
 The vibration is carefully done, and continues until a dense
homogeneous mass is produced and surface is fairly smooth.
 Concrete is not over vibrated so that the consistency of the concrete is
maintained and separation of materials is not caused.
 If construction joints are necessary, they are approved by the
designer.
 When concrete casting continues on a construction joint, the joint is clean
form foreign matter.
 When concrete casting continues on a construction joint, the surface
of the joint is roughened and aggregate is exposed without being
damaged.
 The roughened surface of the construction joint is wetted with thin
layer of mortar prior to concreting.
 After casting is completed and for 7 days thereafter, that the concrete
is cured to minimize loss of moisture from the concrete.
 Whenever testing of a material is required fill the appropriate
requisition form and for the evaluation of test result fill form No.
______ and get the approval of consultant or designer when the result
is submitted.
 Inspection Prior to concreting: -
2.3.3 Check formwork
 The rigidity of the scaffolding and shuttering
 The leak-tightness of joints between formwork elements
 Conformity of the dimensions of the framework with the (drawings)
 The cleanliness of the form work.
 The surface condition of the reinforcement
 The position and size of reinforcement
 The rigidity of the reinforcement securing systems, and the quality of the
joints between bars.
 Cover to reinforcement is correct.

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 Class of concrete, mix design and water cement ratio

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
A construction site can be a dangerous environment since powerful
machinery, hazardous materials, scaffolding and trenches create risks for the
construction workers and other people in the constructing area. So that
safety rules are the first and important point one should consider before
starting any activity.
 Accident will happen on construction site, but developing the skills
that you need to do your works safely can reduce the number.
 People disregarding the recommended procedure generally cause for
accidents.
 While performing an activity you should concentrate on your work.
Health and Safety
The Contractor shall at all times take all reasonable precautions to maintain
the health and safety of the Contractor’s Personnel. In collaboration with
local health authorities, the Contractor shall ensure that medical staff, first
aid facilities, sick bay and ambulance service are available at all times at the
Site and at any accommodation for Contractor’s and Employer’s Personnel,
and that suitable arrangements are made for all necessary welfare and
hygiene requirements and for the prevention of epidemics.
The Contractor shall appoint an accident prevention officer at the Site,
responsible for maintaining safety and protection against accidents. This
person shall be qualified for this responsibility, and shall have the authority
to issue instructions and take protective measures to prevent accidents.
Throughout the execution of the Works, the Contractor shall provide
whatever is required by this person to exercise this responsibility and
authority
Pertaining to the General conditions of contract PPA clause 19,” The
Contractor shall be responsible for the safety of all activities on the Site”.
This clause as a whole seems to leave the burden of keeping safety to the
contractor. Therefore according to this clause similar to MDB-FIDIC clauses
takes the responsibility of keeping the environment indirectly by not
disturbing or polluting the environment due to its work operation
 Taking reasonable precautions to maintain health and safety of
workers.
 Ensuring availability of medical staff, first aid facilities, sick bay and
ambulance service at the site all the time.

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 Appointment of qualified safety officer who is authorized to give

instructions concerning safety measures.
 To report details of an accident to the Engineer in a soonest
practicable time after its occurrence
To conduct HIV-AIDS awareness program via an approved service provider.
Workers at the site
The safety of the workers at site is not specifically taken into account under
PPA conditions of contract. The only relevant clause is clause 19.1 which
briefly states as “The Contractor shall be responsible for the safety of all
activities on the site.
Further to clause 19.1 of the PPA, the following two clauses are relevant
pertaining to safety of the workers at site. These are clause 12.1 and 13.1
that states respectively that personal injury or death of persons at the site is
risk of the Contractor unless it is caused by the employer’s risks and that the
Contractor should insure every personnel
 The role of keeping the safety of our natural, human, the built and
service network environment should be addressed to all the parties
involved in the construction in an equitable manner.
 To save time and cost due to claims and disputes arising from
procession sites under clause 21 of PPA, the clause should be amended
in such a way that the employer should be liable for any un notified
underground obstructions encountered after site possession by the
contractor.
 Contractors should ascertain themselves all the safety precautions
measures that should be considered before commencing execution of
their work.
 Safety measure implementation should be incorporated along with
their master schedule and reviewed by consultants regularly
The Contractor shall engage only those people who have been adequately trained
and instructed in their duties. All operators of equipment and vehicles shall be
competent and hold all necessary licenses in accordance with current legislation.
The Contractor shall employ sufficient numbers of helpers and watchmen who shall
guide operators and provide warning of potential conflict with people and other
vehicles, as applicable.
The Contractor shall pay due regard to the safety of his workers.
Where appropriate, the Contractor shall pay particular attention to the safety of
operators and all persons in the vicinity of fuel transfer / storage operations. A
prohibition on smoking must be actively enforced when close to flammable liquids.
All equipment and vehicles shall be in a good and safe working condition. The
Contractor must have contingency arrangements in place to attend to personal
injuries that may result from accidents occurring within the work site.

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Protection of the Environment / Works

The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to preserve the condition of the
environment. In particular:
(a) No pollutants shall be allowed to enter any watercourse;
(b) No unauthorized or indiscriminate felling of trees shall be permitted;
(c) No open or uncontrolled fires shall be permitted;
(d) The Contractor shall not cause areas of stagnant water to form, on the
surface or in open containers;
(e) All spoil or waste materials remaining after the works must be neatly
disposed of in approved dump sites;
(f) The Contractor shall ensure that the Works, including the action of
individual workers, do not result in any littering. Where such littering does
occur the Contractor shall be responsible for the collection and proper
disposal of the litter;
(g) The use of herbicides and pesticides shall not be permitted.
(h) Excavations, finished works are to be protected from adverse weather
and any work damaged by adverse weather is to be repaired by the
Contractor.

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